Odontogenic sinusitis symptoms and treatment

Odontogenic sinusitis

Odontogenic sinusitis - inflammation of the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, developed as a result of the penetration of infection from the oral cavity. According to statistics of some scientists, up to 50% of all cases of development of acute, and especially chronic, sinusitis is associated with spread of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms penetrating into the thickness of the upper jaw from the foci of inflammation in oral cavity.

The prevalence of this disease is explained by the anatomical peculiarity of the structure of the maxillary (maxillary) sinus: it is located very close to the roots of the upper molars teeth and their perforation as a result of dental operations or a massive infectious process, the microbes easily penetrate deep into the maxillary sinus, provoking the development disease.

Causes of the appearance and spread of infection

Most microorganisms living in the human mouth are conditionally pathogenic, the immune system of a healthy organism successfully suppresses their growth and development and does not give the possibility to have a negative effect on the body, but if it gets into the internal environment - on the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus, they become the cause of the development of bacterial inflammation.

Most often odontogenic sinusitis is caused by:

• Golden and simple staphylococci;
• streptococcus;
• enterococci;
• diplococci and their associations.

Less common cause of infection are anaerobic microorganisms or pathogenic fungi.

Pathogenesis

Also, the frequency of the appearance of odontogenic sinusitis is associated with the prevalence of dental diseases, since few people pay due attention to oral health, visit the dentist regularly and do not have foci of chronic infection.

With a constant source of inflammation in the root canals or in the tissues of the gums, gradual sensitization of the mucosa occurs maxillary sinus to the focus of odontogenic infection, the bone septum becomes thinner and the infection spreads deep into the upper jaws. Treatment of such a sinusitis is associated with a number of difficulties and in particularly neglected cases, surgery may be required.

Odontogenic sinusitis can develop as a complication of the following dental diseases:

• Acute and chronic periodontitis of the teeth of the upper jaw;
• suppuration of the cyst of the upper jaw;
• Retreaded teeth;
• osteomyelitis of the upper jaw;
• traumatic removal of the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw.

Symptoms

To suspect acute or chronic odontogenic sinusitis is not easy, the disease most often occurs in erased form, without pronounced clinical signs and not too much interferes with the patient to lead a normal image life.

Main symptoms

• Chronic nasal congestion - it can be one-sided or two-sided, but always with a predominance of symptoms on one side;
• pain in the oral cavity - the patient periodically has pain in the area of ​​the upper jaw. It should also be taken into account that odontogenic sinusitis can clinically manifest itself in a few months after tooth extraction - up to six months after extraction or resection of the root process;
• feeling of heaviness, "raspiraniya" in the area of ​​the affected maxillary sinus;
• unpleasant odor from the nose - an optional symptom, its appearance is associated with the specificity of the bacterial flora of the mouth, which caused the infection.

Most often, the symptoms of the disease are poorly expressed and it quickly passes into a chronic form. During the remission period, the patient also does not feel healthy, chronic odontogenic sinusitis causes permanent headaches, feelings of fatigue, nasal congestion and general malaise.

The main distinctive symptoms of odontogenic sinusitis are a combination of the following symptoms:

• Relationship between the appearance of clinical symptoms of the disease with diseases of the oral cavity;
• one-sidedness of clinical symptoms;
• the disease is typical only for older people - in children, due to underdevelopment of the alveolar process, the roots of the teeth do not protrude into the upper jaw and odontogenic sinusitis is almost not occurs;
• weak severity of clinical symptoms - pain symptom and nasal congestion with this form of sinusitis are much weaker;
• an unpleasant odor from the nasal cavity - an accumulation of pus with an unpleasant odor is characteristic of odontogenic infection.

Treatment

Treatment of the disease includes general and local therapy and surgical treatment.

Therapeutic treatment includes:

1. Sanitation of the oral cavity - only after identifying and eliminating the cause of the disease you can expect to get rid of the infection completely;
2. antibacterial therapy - general treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics is carried out, and if possible, taking into account the sensitivity of the microorganisms that caused inflammation;
3. symptomatic therapy - includes vasoconstrictive drugs, physiotherapy, sanitation of the nasal cavity and so on.

Also, treatment of odontogenic sinusitis necessarily involves a puncture of the maxillary sinus, this is necessary both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Puncture allows you to most effectively clean and rinse the maxillary sinus, fill it with solutions of antibiotics and antiseptics.

Also, general treatment of the patient is needed: compliance with the sparing regimen, desensitizing therapy, fortifying agents, vitamins and so on.

If the conservative treatment is ineffective, a surgical operation is performed - a maxillary sinusotomy, with removal of a portion of the altered mucosa and an expansion of the anastomosis between the nasal passage and the maxillary sinus.

Odontogenic sinusitis - an unpleasant and long-term illness, cure chronic form disease without surgery is difficult enough, but to prevent the development of infection is much easier. Timely sanitation of the oral cavity, regular visits to the dentist and careful treatment of your health help to avoid the development of a variety of diseases, including odontogenic sinusitis.

ingalin.ru

Odontogenic sinusitis: the symptoms and treatment of dental sinusitis

Odontogenic genyantritis is a rare form of inflammatory process, localized in the maxillary sinus, but not having any relation to a cold or acute respiratory viral infection.

The factors provoking the ontogenic genyantritis are inflammations of the upper molars extending to the walls of the maxillary sinuses (see photo).

This disease is very dangerous for its complications:

• edema;
• phlegmon of the orbit (purulent inflammation of the organ of vision);
• violation of cerebral circulation.

In view of the complexity of the situation, treatment should be carried out in a timely manner and only in the conditions of a medical institution, self-medication in this case is unacceptable.

Structure and features of maxillary sinuses

The maxillary sinuses are, in a way, small caves that form the paranasal cavity, and they connect with the nasal passages. A distinctive feature of the maxillary sinuses is that, despite the large enough volume, they have very narrow apertures at the exit, called acustia (see photo).

The entire inner surface of the maxillary sinuses is lined with a layer of mucus that is designed to absorb solid particles and kill microbes. There is a special physiological process that removes contaminated mucus through an anastomosis into the nasal cavity.

But puffiness, which invariably occurs with genyantritis, significantly narrows the opening holes, as a result of which mucus can not be removed from the sinuses and accumulates in them. How to look narrowed anastomosis can be seen in this photo.

1. Such pathological changes limit the delivery of oxygen to the maxillary sinuses, and the mucous tissue can not perform its function.
2. Puffiness increases, pain appears.
3. Due to the fact that the mucus does not find an outlet, it stagnates and an inflammatory process takes place in the maxillary sinus.

This is how dental odontogenic sinusitis develops. Its difference from classic sinusitis is small.

In odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, inflammation affects only one maxillary sinus, from the side where the diseased tooth is located, and for classic sinusitis it is characteristic bilateral defeat.

Stages of odontogenic sinusitis

In the process of its development odontogenic genyantritis undergoes two stages: serous and purulent. The serous stage characterizes the onset of the inflammatory process. Her symptoms are:

• from the side of the aching tooth there is swelling;
• the dilatation of blood vessels;
• cells are filled with liquid;
• the mucous membrane strongly swells;
• anastomoses are closed;
• the outflow of accumulating liquid is suspended.

If the patient does not begin treatment in time, the purulent form of the disease develops. For this stage, the following symptoms are typical:

1. weakness, developing as a result of intoxication of the body;
2. bad breath;
3. fast fatiguability;
4. worsening of nasal breathing;
5. fever.

It is characteristic that both these forms of sinusitis caused by the inflammation of the tooth can have both acute and chronic course. Moreover, chronic odontogenic sinusitis due to infection or decrease of immunity can return to acute stage again.

The causes of odontogenic sinusitis

It has already been said above that the main cause of this pathology is an infection that penetrates into the maxillary sinus from the affected tooth. This can happen if the patient's teeth do not receive adequate hygienic care, and odontogenic sinusitis develops.

The greatest risk arises with neglected caries, in which necrosis of the dental nerve develops. For such a situation, inflammation of the surrounding roots is characteristic and the progress of the process is progressing to the maxillary sinus.

To provoke odontogenic sinusitis can be the wrong actions of a dentist. The anatomical structure of the roots of the upper posterior teeth makes them closely located to the maxillary sinuses (see photo). When treating a tooth that is severely affected by tooth decay, it may be necessary to clean and seal the canals.

With careless action, the dentist can accidentally allow the ingress of the filling material into the maxillary sinus through the dental canal. Outside the tooth, the seal is regarded as a foreign body, and the body begins to react to it with a runny nose and inflammation.

In dental practice, cases where the root of the tooth falls into the maxillary cavity are not uncommon. While the tooth does not bother the patient and takes its proper place, it does not provoke any complications and is not perceived in the maxillary sinus as a foreign body.

However, if it becomes necessary to remove the tooth, a fistula is formed in its place (see photo). Through this pathological canal infection can very quickly get into the maxillary sinus from the oral cavity.

Symptoms of odontogenic sinusitis

At once it is necessary to note, that as soon as the patient has noticed at himself the first symptoms of disease, he should address immediately to the doctor. Thus, a person shields himself from possible serious complications, which were mentioned above.

Symptoms of odontogenic sinusitis of both stages are very similar:

• general weakness of the body;
• nasal congestion;
• lack of perception of odors;
• chills;
• headache;
• pain in the facial area;
• high body temperature;
• insomnia.

With a purulent form of the disease, all symptoms are more pronounced. However, there are additional signs:

1. acute pain in the palpation of the skin on one side of the face;
2. painfulness with a slight tapping on the teeth adjacent to the maxillary sinuses.

When sinusitis is caused by perforation when the tooth is removed, if the patient's head is in an upright position, liquid food from the mouth can penetrate into the nasal cavity.

This defect is eliminated by deflecting the head back, with the head tilted forward - it is strengthened. Such symptoms are observed at the onset of the disease, a little later they are joined and all other signs of pathology.

Diagnosis and treatment

The most effective way to diagnose odontogenic sinusitis is to carry out endoscopy. Before the procedure, with the help of a miniature endoscope, the doctor dilates the patient with narrowed anastomoses.

If it is a question of diagnosing perforated sinusitis, the endoscope is injected through a fistula formed as a result of tooth extraction. A wide viewing angle and an enlarged image allow the doctor to view the lesion well and perform a detailed examination of the sinus and anastomium.

At once it is necessary to note, that treatment of odontogenic genyantritis with folk remedies is impossible. Therapeutic measures, both in acute and chronic forms of this pathology, are determined and prescribed only by a physician.

The paramount task of physicians is the rapid elimination of the causes of inflammation (foreign body or filling material). Then it is necessary to sanitize the oral cavity. Removal of purulent contents of the maxillary sinus is carried out directly with endoscopy.

This procedure is under local anesthesia, the patient is offered to take sedatives. Everything happens in a polyclinic and in half an hour the patient can go home. But sometimes you may need general anesthesia. With this development of events, the patient remains in the hospital for a day under the supervision of doctors.

Treatment of acute odontogenic sinusitis to remove purulent contents of the maxillary sinus requires drainage.

After the causes of the disease have been eliminated, the patient will have to take vasoconstrictive drugs that are needed to return the nasal mucosa to its original physiological state. In addition, after the operation, the nasal sinuses should be washed daily with medicinal products, which the doctor will appoint, he will also determine the duration of these procedures. Note that the cuckoo can be used in case of genyantritis.

If necessary, the doctor can recommend painkillers and physiotherapy sessions. If after surgery complications occur accompanied by purulent discharge from the nose, antibiotics are prescribed. Physical stress in the first month after surgery the patient should be limited.

Usually, treatment of odontogenic sinusitis occurs with conservative methods, but sometimes radical therapeutic measures, that is, surgery, are required. In the usual treatment, after the removal of the aching tooth, the doctor performs a puncture of the maxillary sinus and establishes a drainage, which should stand for at least two weeks. Through this tube into the cavity is injected:

• antibiotics;
• enzymes;
• aseptic solutions.

If conservative methods of treatment did not work, the doctor prescribes an operation that consists of the following:

1. first, surgically exclude pathological tissues from the sinus;
2. further in the same way expand the anastomoses.

A week after the operation, the maxillary sinuses begin to be washed with medicinal and physiological solutions, as described and shown in the video in this article.

stopgripp.ru

Odontogenic sinusitis: symptoms and treatment

Often people with the appearance of the first symptoms of rhinitis are not in a hurry to seek help from a specialist. It is not right. The launched disease can go into a more complex form. Treatment of the disease can take place already in the hospital and will require considerable financial costs. In addition, nose pain can be associated with oral problems. Perhaps, an odontogenic sinusitis developed.

What is the disease?

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is usually called a sinusitis. Most often the disease develops due to untimely treatment of the common cold. But the focus of infection can also be untimely cured tooth. When the patient does not understand why the ears have laid down and the head is spinning, treatment in a hospital environment can not be avoided. Odontogenic sinusitis is a serious disease that requires the attention of the dentist.

Another typical sign of the disease is loss of smell. This is a very unpleasant symptom. Lays the ears and does not taste the food. The patient may lose his appetite altogether. But full-fledged nutrition during the disease plays an important role. In addition, pain occurs when the jaws contract. Odontogenic purulent maxillary sinusitis can be cured in a number of cases only after tooth extraction.

When the disease can slightly increase body temperature. If in parallel there is pain in the area of ​​the sinuses of the nose, lays the ears, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor. This state of the body is very dangerous. Chronic odontogenic sinusitis in a number of cases can lead to the development of meningitis.

Diagnostics

Despite the fact that the patient can feel the raspiranie in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses and headache, the exact diagnosis is not the therapist, but the dentist. The doctor initially performs a visual inspection. With the help of palpation, you can determine where the infection is located. When you touch the problem area there is a sharp pain. In addition, the patient may develop swelling of the cheeks and redness.

Set a definitive diagnosis will allow a series of analyzes. The doctor can take blood from the patient and smear. If the infection is purulent, antibacterial therapy may be prescribed only after examining the secretions.

Why does the disease occur?

In most cases, the cause of sinusitis is an infection that is transmitted by airborne droplets or through the blood. There are other factors that provoke the disease. This may be untimely cured caries, inflammation of the gums, incorrect bite. Allergy sufferers may also have odontogenic sinusitis. Symptoms of the disease should be studied first. Lays the ears, the temperature rises, the tooth hurts - any of these conditions is a serious reason to contact the therapist.

Violation of the normal functioning of the immune system can trigger the emergence of a number of pathologies. The protective functions of the body in this case decrease, and the person is much more likely to pick up colds and, as a consequence, odontogenic sinusitis. In addition, the disease can develop as a complication after other ailments. Often, sinusitis has to be treated for people who have had the flu, inflammation of the thyroid gland, tuberculosis.

Main symptoms

The patient can take odontogenic sinusitis for a long time in a regular pulpitis. There are a number of symptoms that will reveal the ailment much earlier. The sooner the right treatment is started, the more chances of a positive outcome.

First of all, the patient should understand why a toothache arose. If added to this increased body temperature, pain in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses, a change in the voice, it is worth calling a doctor at home. Often, nasal congestion may not be accompanied by mucous secretions. But it's difficult to breathe. Deterioration of nasal breathing can be caused by mucosal edema due to the inflammatory process.

A patient suffering from a disease quickly becomes fatigued. He can not fully cope with daily duties. Sleep disorder is also often accompanied by odontogenic sinusitis. This may be due to pain and worsening of nasal breathing.

Increased body temperature

A slight change in temperature during the disease is considered absolutely normal. Worry is when the elevation of 38 degrees is exceeded. This temperature can indicate the development of the inflammatory process. And if the head hurts, ears are poured and hearing worsens, there may be a purulent infection.

Strong fever is a serious reason for determining a patient in a hospital. First of all physicians normalize body temperature, and only then they are engaged directly in therapy. Only under the supervision of specialists is treated purulent odontogenic sinusitis. The operation may be unavoidable. A dentist should provide a normal outflow of pus.

Chronic form

The sinusitis in the chronic form can at all be accompanied by temperature. But if your head hurts, ears are poured and there are discharges, it is immediately necessary to consult a therapist. The correct approach will cure odontogenic sinusitis at home.

People who are prone to colds can get a chronic form of odontogenic sinusitis. They need to carefully monitor the oral cavity and do not overcool.

Treatment of odontogenic sinusitis

At home, the disease is cured really, if it is diagnosed in time. The specialist prescribes medicines and determines the scheme of their administration. The disease in mild form can be cured in 5-7 days. The dentist removes the tooth, which became the focus of infection. And to remove an easy inflammatory process will help "Biseptol" in tablets.

Serious approach requires purulent odontogenic sinusitis. Symptoms and treatment of ailment will depend on several factors. First of all, this is the age of the patient and the stage of the disease. This form of sinusitis can not do without the use of antibiotics, such as "Ceftriaxone." But preliminary intervention is required. It is necessary to eliminate the source of infection. It can be a substandard filling or inflammation in the gums.

To ensure the outflow of pus, the dentist makes an incision over the tooth. The operation is performed under local anesthesia. In order for the inflammatory process to be eliminated faster, drainage is installed in the notch. It prevents the healing of the wound before the purulent contents come out.

If the form of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis is not too severe, only a few specialist visits will be required. The doctor must check the healing of the wound and prescribe antibacterial therapy.

Preventive measures

A comprehensive approach and compliance with all the recommendations of the doctor will quickly restore the normal state of the body. In the future, the patient should especially carefully perform all the hygiene procedures in the oral cavity. In addition to brushing your teeth, you will also need to use special rinses for gums. They will be able to strengthen them and make them less vulnerable to various pathogens.

Do not forget about preventive examinations at the dentist. In some cases at an early stage it is possible to diagnose odontogenic sinusitis. Symptoms and treatment will be minimal. The sooner a doctor performs therapy, the less complications there are.

syl.ru

Causes, symptoms and treatment of odontogenic sinusitis

Odontogenic genyantritis is the process of spreading foci of inflammation on the mucous membrane of the sinuses located in the upper jaw, in the region of 4, 5 or 6 teeth.The proximity to the maxillary sinuses of these dental roots causes a rapid penetration of infections from the oral cavity into the nasal region.

The causes of odontogenic sinusitis

Often odontogenic sinusitis is formed under the influence of diplococci, staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci, which are the main pathogens of this disease.

In contrast to ordinary sinusitis, this variety does not occur against the background of a cold or respiratory viral disease.

The causes of the appearance and spread of infection on the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses can be provoked:

• unscrupulous attitude to oral hygiene (regular teeth cleaning, gargling after every meal and planned check-ups at the dentist);
• improper treatment or growth of teeth.

In some cases, after removal of the tooth, which has a significant root size, the septum separating the maxillary sinuses from the upper jaw is destroyed. This can cause further spread of the infection to the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses.

Also, by removing the tooth, the dentist can, during the wrong actions, allow the particles to get into the area close to the maxillary sinuses.

The emergence of inflammatory foci can be caused by inaccurate installation of seals, as a result of which the medicine used can penetrate into the sinus via channels.

Symptoms of odontogenic sinusitis

For odontogenic sinusitis, the symptoms are not characteristic. The main signs of the disease are:

• problems with smell;
• nasal congestion, which is most often manifested in the impossibility of breathing one of the nostrils;
• the appearance of purulent discharge from the nasal cavity;
• occurrence of an unpleasant smell from nasal sinuses that occurs as a result of distribution of a dental infection;
• pain in the area of ​​the root 4, 5 and 6 teeth located in the upper jaw;
• the appearance of swelling and redness of the inflamed part of the face;
• general weakness;
• headaches;
• chills or fever;
• problems with sleep;
• painful sensations in the region of the maxillary sinuses.

Purulent odontogenic sinusitis is characterized by a greater intensity of symptoms. In this case, the patient may be bothered by pain after light pressure on the face or teeth on the teeth.

Perforated maxillary sinusitis is diagnosed in the case of communication of the oral cavity with sinuses and nose. This type of disease includes the sinusitis, which is characterized by the presence in the maxillary sinuses of foreign bodies in the form of filling material, the dental root.

There are also a number of signs on which odontogenic sinusitis can be distinguished from a common disease.

So, the disease is often indicated by the causative tooth. It can be present or be deleted. In medical practice, there are many cases of diagnosis of odontogenic sinus after several months after tooth extraction.

The disease in most cases affects adults, but it also occurs in children. This is due to the underdevelopment of the alveolar process in children.

Odontogenic sinusitis is characterized by a one-way process that develops in the area where the teeth were inflamed.

There are three forms of the disease, each of which is distinguished by flow features. It can be acute or chronic odontogenic sinusitis, as well as exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease.

The disease is quite dangerous and quite often it is completely asymptomatic, which allows to diagnose inflammatory processes many months after infection.

Diagnosis of the disease

With odontogenic sinusitis, timely diagnosis and treatment is important, because this disease can become the cause of the development of serious complications in the form of edema, ophthalmia and development of brain abscesses. Therefore, if you see any of the above symptoms, you should consult a specialist.

Diagnosis of the disease consists of:

• the definition of the tooth, which became the cause of inflammation, and the study of its condition;
• examination of the maxillary sinuses.

Detection of the tooth is possible by means of a cone-ray tomogram, a panoramic or sighting image of the jaw.

To determine the state of the maxillary sinuses, an X-ray method may be needed. But, since this method can not provide a sufficient amount of necessary information, for diagnosis more often use a computer tomography, which allows to detect the presence of foreign bodies in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses.

But similar techniques are sometimes not enough to accurately determine the disease, so the most accurate way to diagnose this form of sinusitis is endoscopy.

This procedure is preceded by the expansion of the anastomosis with a miniature endoscope with a diameter of about 3 mm. If diagnostics of the perforated form of sinusitis are carried out, the device can be inserted by means of a hole that was formed when the root of the tooth was removed.

This method allows the specialist to carefully examine the area of ​​sinuses and sastias.

Treatment of odontogenic sinusitis

Dental sinusitis is difficult to treat with folk remedies, so without the help of a specialist you can not do.

The first step of treatment is aimed at the destruction of the source of inflammation and the subsequent sanation of the oral cavity.

It is important to remove and purulent formations from the nasal sinuses. A specialist can do this directly during an endoscopic examination. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia, but in some cases general anesthesia may be needed.

After eliminating the root causes of the disease, the patient is prescribed vasoconstrictor drugs, which he must use in the next few days. This will allow the mucosa to recover to its natural healthy state.

The patient is recommended to do regular washing of the nasal cavity with special solutions. In some cases, physiotherapy procedures and pain medications may be necessary.

If the patient has purulent discharge, he may be prescribed a course of antibiotic treatment. In the subsequent month of treatment, excessive physical exertion should be avoided.

A special approach requires treatment of the chronic form of odontogenic sinusitis. At the first stage, the tooth is removed, which has become the cause of infection. After a sinus puncture, a drainage tube is inserted into the formed hole for 2 weeks. By means of this tube specialist makes the introduction of a solution of antibiotics, enzymes and antiseptic drugs.

The conservative method of treatment does not always give the desired results. In this case, surgical intervention may be necessary, aimed at cutting off pathological sinuses. These actions expand the anastomoses.

A week after such surgery, the patient can be scheduled regular washing of the nasal cavity. For this purpose, physical and medicinal solutions are used.

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Prevention of disease

To avoid the occurrence of odontogenic sinusitis, you need to follow some elementary rules consisting from regular visits to the dentist, which should be carried out at least twice a year, timely treatment teeth.

It is necessary to carry out all recommendations concerning personal hygiene of the oral cavity, in every possible way to strengthen the body's defenses. It is necessary to treat all diseases in time in case of revealing the first signs.

lor03.ru

The genyantritis happens different: the reasons, treatment, recommendations

Odontogenic sinusitis is a disease that causes inflammation of the maxillary sinus due to infection of the upper molars. As a result, the infection spreads to the walls of the maxillary sinus. This ailment is dangerous because it can cause a number of complications associated with edema, phlegmon - purulent inflammation of the orbit and a violation of cerebral circulation. Therefore, it is very important to diagnose the disease in time and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Gaimorovy sinuses - these cavities near the nose, connected with the nasal passages. They have a large enough volume of their own, but despite this, their outlet holes are joints, are very narrow. However, it is these passages that connect the sinuses with the nose. On the inside, the maxillary cavity is expelled by a layer of mucus, which is designed to kill microbes and to absorb solid particles.As a result, the spent contents are taken out through the mouth into the nose, but if the patient suffers from sinusitis, which invariably causes swelling, a strong narrowing of the hole occurs, which prevents the mucus from escaping.

These changes affect the process of oxygen supply to the maxillary sinuses. They begin to experience its deficiency, which provokes a malfunction in the mucous membrane.The edema grows, pain is attached to it, the mucus stagnates, causing inflammation in the sinus and the multiplication of pathogens.Unlike classic sinusitis, which causes inflammation of the left and right maxillary sinuses, odontogenic sinusitis manifests itself only on one side - in the place where the diseased tooth is localized.

Types and causes of the disease

Odontogenic sinusitis has two stages of its development: serous and purulent. Acute inflammation begins with a serous form of infection of the mucous membrane, while the tissues swell, blood vessels expand, and cells fill with liquid. If this process is ignored, the swollen mucous membrane will block the anastomosis space, stopping the outflow of accumulated fluid, as a result, purulent maxillary sinusitis will develop.At this stage, the patient begins to unpleasantly smell from the mouth, there is weakness and rapid fatigue.Breathing is impossible, inflammation is accompanied by fever.

It must be said that both stages can occur both in acute and chronic forms, and chronic Maxillary sinusitis at any time can become acute due to ingestion of pathogenic bacteria and decreasing immune protection.

Most often, the disease occurs due to unscrupulous care of the oral cavity and untimely treatment of patients with teeth. The greatest danger is the carious caries, which ends with necrosis - the necrosis of the dental nerve. As a result, the surrounding tissues become inflamed with further involvement of the maxillary sinus into the process. Sometimes the disease can provoke and the dentist, accidentally laying the filling material in the maxillary sinus. Often, cases when the root of the tooth penetrated into the maxillary sinus. As a result of its removal after surgery, a fistula was formed, which became the "road" by which the infection along the oral cavity rose into the maxillary sinus.

Symptoms of the disease

Odontogenic sinusitis is accompanied by general weakness, decreased smell, nasal congestion, headache pain, pain in the region of the location of the maxillary sinuses, chills, fever and insomnia.If the disease passes into the second - a purulent stage of its development, then all of the above symptoms are aggravated, in addition, there is a sharp pain during palpation of the inflamed side of the face and tapping on the teeth with a hammer whose roots are in the place of the affected sinuses.

Symptoms of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis are perforated, at which the oral cavity, the maxillary sinus and nose, accompanied by the penetration of liquid food into the nasal cavity in the usual - upright position head. If you turn your head slightly back, the liquid will not flow out, but if you lean slightly forward, it will flow more intensively.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnostic measures of odontogenic sinusitis are carried out in two stages. On the first the doctor examines the sick tooth and determines its condition, and on the second examines the maxillary sinuses. To determine the condition of both the tooth and sinus, an x-ray method can be used. If complete information on the nature of the inflammation can not be obtained, a CT scan can be assigned to help determine if there are extraneous objects in the maxillary sinus. However, all these studies do not allow a complete picture of the changes that have occurred, the most complete and accurate method of diagnosis is endoscopy.

To carry out this procedure, a miniature endoscope is used, which is inserted through a previously expanded anastomosis and a hole formed after the operation to remove the tooth root.As a result, the viewing angle is significantly expanded, and the image is enlarged and it becomes possible to conduct a detailed examination of the condition of the affected organs.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of odontogenic sinusitis should be under the supervision of a doctor, it is impossible to be treated at home by folk methods, this can lead to the most unpredictable and terrible consequences. The first measures carried out by the specialist are connected with the destruction of the source of infection - the filling material and other foreign bodies and the sanitation of the oral cavity. Removal from the sinus purulent contents is already at the stage of endoscopic diagnosis. The procedure is performed using local anesthetics and sedatives. In severe cases, it may be decided to use general anesthesia. Then the patient is hospitalized in a hospital for one day, where he will be under the supervision of doctors.

As soon as the danger of further infection disappears, the patient is prescribed the use of vasoconstrictor and other drugs that help restore the mucosa and restore her healthy state.In addition, physiotherapeutic procedures, pain medications and medicines intended for washing the nose can be recommended.If the disease occurs with complications, in particular, with purulent discharge, the doctor can prescribe antibacterial drugs. Treatment of odontogenic sinusitis with antibiotics is carried out using the following medicines:

• antibiotics of the penicillin series - Agmentin, Amoxicillin and others;
• antibiotics of the cephalosporin series - Tsiftibuten, Tsifepim, Cyfditoren and others;
• antibiotics from the macrolide group - Azithromycin, Tetracycline and others;
• antibiotics of the group of fluoroquinols - Tsyprolet, Ciprofloxacin and others.

With odontogenic sinusitis you can apply antibiotic and topically. Well-proven drugs such as Bioparox and Zofra.

Chronic odontogenic sinusitis is treated by the usual methods, but sometimes it does not do without surgical intervention. Conventional methods include the removal of the "causal" tooth, sinus puncture and the introduction of a drainage tube, which in for 14 days will serve for the supply of solutions of antibiotics, enzymes and aseptic medicinal means. If conservative treatment is not effective, resort to surgical intervention, which consists in cutting off pathological tissues from the sinus and thus expanding the anastomosis. After 5-6 days after the operation, they start washing with physical and medicinal solutions.

Prevention of disease

In order to minimize the risk of development of odontogenic sinusitis, it is necessary to visit the dentist every 6 months and treat the teeth at the first signs of caries.Hygiene of the oral cavity is very important, ideally brushing your teeth three times a day, if this is not possible, then at least twice - in the morning and in the evening. In the period of epidemics of viral infections to take funds to improve immunity and every 2-3 years do a panoramic snapshot of the jaw, which will help the doctor assess the condition and location teeth. This will help increase a person's chances of never encountering odontogenic sinusitis.

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Odontogenic sinusitis, causes, symptoms, treatment

Sinusitis is a disease characterized by severe inflammation of the maxillary sinus of the nose. The adnexal sinuses have the appearance of formations of small caverns that connect with the nasal cavity. In the structure there are two maxillary sinuses, this is left and right and they are called maxillary sinuses. Pain in the head, stuffy nose and rather shortness of breath are the main signs of odontogenic sinusitis. During such a disease, only the area in the upper jaw becomes inflamed.

In this disease in the inflammatory process, those sinuses that are above the teeth and under the eyes are involved. The treatment of odontogenic sinusitis has become the point of intersection of dentistry and otolaryngology.

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis

The main cause of this disease is the caries of the teeth of the upper jaw. And the source of infection may be a gangrenous tooth, but there is a possibility for the development of a latent focus of infection, flowing in the upper jaw, and especially in the gum, which is activated after a decrease in immune reactivity organism. Moreover, the septic focus can hide even under the sealed material of the treated tooth. In some cases, the filling material can penetrate into the maxillary sinus immediately through the dental canals when the dentist works poorly. And in this case, the sealed material in the sinus cavity becomes a foreign body, which causes inflammation.

Causes of the disease

There are several reasons that contribute to the onset of odontogenic sinusitis and one of them is aching teeth. After caries of the upper teeth is able to go into serious inflammation of the sinus mucosa. And this happens during mechanical impact on already aching teeth. And if the tooth canals are damaged, during the cleaning of the teeth, the existing infection enters these channels, and from them it moves into the sinus through a straight path. In addition, the cause of such a sinusitis may be inaccurate work of the dentist, which often happens after the extraction of teeth with infection. The last cause of sinusitis can be anatomical features in the structure of the upper jaw. And in this case, the roots of the upper teeth directly germinate in the sinus. Therefore, in any inflammatory process, the infection gets immediately to the mucosa.

Symptoms of odontogenic sinusitis

Usually, when you see a doctor, all patients complain of symptoms such as purulent discharge from the nose, nasal congestion, pain during touching to the eye area, bad breath from the mouth and nose, constant pain in the upper jaw and in the teeth. It should be noted that odontogenic sinusitis does not take a chronic form, than it differs from purulent sinusitis. In this case, only one sinus is affected. For example, which side will be infected with the infection, depends on exactly where the diseased tooth is located.

Quite often the disease passes asymptomatically, and its first signs can appear only after half a year. This disease affects only adults, but the usual ways to cure the disease can not. But in children, the roots of the teeth are not yet developed, so they are not a threat to the maxillary sinuses. If a person has an unpleasant odor from the nose, then it becomes the result of fluid stagnation in the sinus of the nose. And with a prolonged course of the disease, decomposition of bones is possible. In this situation, fetid smell is felt by people around the mouth of the patient.

Treatment of odontogenic sinusitis

This form of sinusitis is treated only in a clinic. But the most important thing in this case is to remove the underlying cause of the disease. And if the disease is associated with diseased teeth, the doctor prescribes the sanitation of the oral cavity. At the initial stage of development of odontogenic sinusitis, its treatment is performed by vasoconstrictive drugs. And appointed drops in the nose provide a good outflow of fluid from the sinus of the nose, as a result the patient begins to breathe freely. The doctor selects vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory drugs.

If odontogenic sinusitis is not treated for a long time, then in this case a puncture is prescribed, that is, the doctor makes a puncture of a small hole from the sinus already in the nasal passage. This procedure is carried out with a large needle and under the influence of local anesthesia, as a result, it provides a sharp outflow of pus directly from the sinus of the nose. And after punctures, a course of antibiotic therapy is prescribed, and the maxillary sinus is washed with antibiotics through a punctured opening. This procedure allows you to remove inflammation and eliminate the infection. And in particularly difficult situations, surgical intervention may be required. And under general anesthesia, the doctor removes the pathogenic mucosa, cleans the infected sinus and performs antibiotic treatment. As for the rehabilitation period, physiotherapy is mandatory at this time, this is heating, as well as inhalation, which are carried out only after excision of pus from the sinuses and after removal inflammation.

Prophylaxis of sinusitis

You should always follow the rules of personal hygiene, this is regular cleaning of teeth, treatment of sick teeth, as well as regular visits to the dentist, which will prevent the development of infection.

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