Inflammation of the lungs is an antibiotic which

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Treatment of any form of pneumonia is almost impossible without the appointment of antibiotics. Thanks to the fact that today you can see a fairly wide range of this type of drug, doctors can choose the right medicine for each individual case. But antibiotics for inflammation of the lungs sometimes bring a negative effect on the body, especially if it is wrong to take them.

Indications for use of antibiotics for pneumonia

To cure pneumonia, doctors often prescribe antibiotics with an antimicrobial effect. But it is worth noting that the use of such drugs should be under the supervision of a specialist. It is also necessary to remember some important rules for the use of antibiotics. First, if you have already started the course, it must be completed. It is important to observe exactly the dose that the doctor prescribed for you. Indications for the use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lungs completely depend on the severity of the disease, as well as on what kind of microbes or bacteria caused it. Today, antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action are very popular. They can be divided into these types:

1. Penicillin: oxacillin, penicillin, augmentin, ampicillin, amoxicillin).
2. Cephalosporin type: cefexim, cephalexin, cephilim.
3. Macrolide: clarithromycin, erythromycin.
4. Aminoklikozid: azithromycin, kanamycin, gentamicin.
5. Tetracycline: minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline.
6. Fluoroquinol: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin.

Only after the cause of infection has been established, a specialist can prescribe a course of treatment.

Form of issue

The form of release of antibiotics for pneumonia can be completely different. To date, produce antibiotics in the form of powder, tablets, capsules, solutions for injection. Depending on the severity of pneumonia, as well as what caused this inflammation, prescribe different medications. The most popular in recent years are injection solutions, which are not very pleasing to the patients themselves. The latter can be explained by the fact that courses of antibiotic treatment are usually seven days. Powders are quickly absorbed by the body, therefore within the first 24 hours after admission the patient can feel considerable relief, but do not interrupt treatment or reduce the dose of powder prescribed doctor. Tablets and capsules do not have such a rapid action as solutions and powders. They are prescribed for mild stages of pneumonia, when the patient is treated at home.

Pharmacodynamics

Antibiotics for pneumonia are various drugs that are prescribed in a variety of cases. Farmakodinamika them can differ from each other. We decided to show you the basic properties of preparations of this kind on the example of the popular antibiotic "Ceftriaxone".

This drug belongs to the semi-synthetic antibiotic cephalosporins from the third generation. Due to its chemical structure, it is highly effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The antibiotic quickly inhibits the synthesis of membranes in cells.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of different antibiotics, which are used for inflammation of the lungs, can be completely different. Therefore, we consider it using the example of the popular preparation "Ceftriaxone".

This antibiotic is injected intramuscularly rather quickly after absorption by the body. The largest amount in the blood plasma is seen after 90 minutes after administration. Half-excreted from the body after eight hours. This period increases in infants and reaches the day. During the next 24 hours, the blood retains a high bactericidal concentration of the drug. Very quickly and without problems penetrates into the tissues, in small amounts is visible on the mucous membranes. Two days after the injection, partially (50%) is excreted along with the urine.

Use of antibiotics for pneumonia during pregnancy

Despite the fact that this is a rather serious disease, with the proper selection of antibiotics and other drugs, pneumonia is treated quickly and without complications during pregnancy. It is very important to remember that not all antibiotics can be safely used by future mothers. Of course, light drugs that treat the first stages of the disease do not harm pregnant women. They usually do not even have side effects. In severe pneumonia, antibiotics can be prescribed only when there is a risk to the life of the mother.

Contraindications for use

Some types of antibiotics that are used to treat pneumonia may have contraindications to the use. That is why it is very important to talk about this with your doctor before he appoints a course. Typically, antibiotics for inflammation of the lung have such contraindications as: an allergic reaction to the components of the drug, renal or hepatic insufficiency, a child's age, pregnancy. More specific information can always be read in the leaflet.

Side effects

Some antibiotics do not have serious side effects. Sometimes patients report skin rashes, facial puffiness, headache, dizziness, panic attacks, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. If you feel yourself in one of the above, you should immediately stop taking antibiotics and go to your doctor to change the course of treatment.

Names of antibiotics for pneumonia

Here everything depends on the degree of pneumonia. When hospitalized with pneumonia, when a patient simply has to stay in the hospital under the supervision of doctors, the following antibiotics are usually prescribed.

Amoxicillin. Antibiotic with antibacterial effect, which is a semi-synthetic penicillin. It is indicated for use in severe pneumonia. Due to its high acid resistance, it is absorbed in the intestines quite quickly and without consequences. Before you prescribe the drug, the doctor must find out if a person is sensitive to it. A special analysis is carried out for this purpose. The dose is usually set individually and depends on many factors. Assign to adults and children after ten years. Among the main side effects is possible to identify possible allergic reactions (mainly urticaria), rhinitis, Quincke's edema, fever, conjunctivitis. The drug is contraindicated in patients with erythema, infectious mononucleosis. Also not recommended for pregnant women.

Ticarcillin. This antibiotic is also a semi-synthetic penicillin. Has an antibacterial effect against a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The drug is not recommended during pregnancy, as well as those who have impaired renal function. An antibiotic is usually sold in the form of a solution for injection. The course of treatment depends on the patient. Among the side effects are the following: hypokalemia, vomiting with nausea, diarrhea, allergic reactions to the skin. During the introduction of the drug into the body feels burning, pain, and redness may appear.

If the original scheme did not bring the expected results, use such antibiotics for pneumonia.

Cefepime. It is a highly effective antibacterial agent. Helps cure pneumonia, which was caused by gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, as well as those that already have resistance to third-generation drugs. Very quickly enters the affected cell. Effective fights with many infectious diseases. It is usually released as a solution for injection and is administered intravenously or intramuscularly (depending on the individual situation). The main feature of the drug is the fact that it can be prescribed to young children and even infants from two months. The course of treatment is usually seven to ten days. There were practically no side effects from the drug, as it is well tolerated. Do not prescribe to patients with allergic reactions to the main substances of the antibiotic.

With community-acquired pneumonia, when the patient can be treated at home, such antibiotics are prescribed.

Azithromycin. The drug has a wide spectrum of action. As a rule, it is prescribed to patients for non-severe forms of pneumonia. Before the doctor prescribes an antibiotic for you, you need to analyze the sensitivity of your body. It is taken on an empty stomach (it is possible before meals or two hours after eating). Produced in the form of tablets. The drug can be given to children with a body weight of at least 10 kg. Among the main side effects, it is worth highlighting possible diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, allergic rashes. The drug should not be taken during pregnancy and during lactation. Be wary appoint patients with malfunctioning kidneys.

Clarithromycin. Quite a strong antibacterial drug. Usually it is prescribed in order to cure the various infectious processes that were caused by bacteria. Produced in the form of tablets, which can be taken regardless of the use of food. It is very important to go through the entire course of treatment, prescribed by the doctor. Usually the duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and is 4-12 days. Among the main side effects should be distinguished: skin rashes allergic type, stomatitis, nausea and vomiting, glossitis, changes in taste, dizziness, headache, insomnia, tachycardia, hypoglycemia. Do not take children under 12 years old, as well as those who may have allergies to the drug.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in tablets

Among the main antibiotics for pneumonia in tablets is:

1. Ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic in the form of tablets, which acts on a fairly wide range of different bacteria. It is often prescribed for pneumonia. Quickly absorbed if taken on an empty stomach. The standard course of treatment is five to fifteen days, depending on the severity of the disease. The antibiotic is well tolerated. In some cases, allergic reactions, abdominal pain, swelling of the face, voice change, nausea, and lack of appetite are possible. The drug is contraindicated in patients with epilepsy, during pregnancy and lactation, in childhood.
2. Doxycycline. Antibacterial drug, which refers to semisynthetic tetracyclines. It has a wide spectrum of action. Used to treat infections that were caused by those bacteria that are sensitive to the components of the drug. Produced in the form of tablets or capsules, which must be drunk after eating. It is very important to drink the product with plenty of liquid. Usually the course of taking the drug lasts up to fourteen days. After taking the antibiotic in some patients, nausea, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, allergies, swelling, and itching were seen. The drug should not be taken in the second half of pregnancy, with breastfeeding. It is forbidden to appoint children under the age of nine, patients with leukopenia, liver failure and porphyria.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in the form of injections

Among the main antibiotics in the form of injections, which are used to treat pneumonia, we can distinguish:

1. Benzylpenicillin. An antibiotic, which is often prescribed for pneumonia. Has a wide range of effects on most bacteria that can cause pneumonia. Usually it is prescribed for severe disease. It is produced in the form of a powder, with which a solution for injections is made. During pregnancy, it is prescribed only if the life of the mother is threatened by a severe form of pneumonia. Among the side effects are allergic reactions, eosinophilia, rashes, swelling, vomiting and nausea, headache. The course of treatment is strictly individual.
2. Ceftriaxone. The antibiotic is available in the form of a powder, which is used to prepare a solution for injections. It is usually administered intramuscularly, after which it is very well absorbed. Sometimes in individual cases, injected intravenously. Side effects are not always evident, as the drug is very well tolerated by patients. In some cases, there may be vomiting, nausea, headache, or diarrhea. Allergic skin reactions also appear. The course of admission is prescribed depending on the severity of the disease. Sometimes candidiasis can develop. The drug should not be taken during pregnancy or with liver failure.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

The basis of any treatment of pneumonia is the appointment of antibiotics. Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults is treated, approximately, seven to ten days. It is very important to take exactly the amount of medicine that the doctor prescribed for you. The duration of the course usually depends on many factors: the form of the disease, how weak the immune system is in the patient, what its general condition is. Typically, in order to cure pneumonia in adults, the following treatment regimen is used:

1. At first, antibiotics are prescribed, which have a fairly large range of action on different bacteria (ceftriaxone or suprax). Until the time when the exact causative agent of infection is detected, it is very important that a small amount of these antibacterial drugs is constantly present in the body. In accordance with this, an individual course is selected.
2. If the patient has symptoms similar to the so-called atypical infections, you should immediately write out special antibiotics (clarithromycin, sumamed). At the same time, drugs that were prescribed earlier should not be refused.
3. To achieve an effective result, whole combinations of different drugs are often prescribed. The most popular recently are: sumamed and suprax, ceftriaxone and clarithromycin (or vice versa).
4. Sometimes the inflammation begins to progress, moving to other segments of the lungs. In this case, the best option would be such combinations: amikacin and ceftriaxone or augmentin with suprax.
5. At the same time, adults are prescribed antibiotics that help to bring out sputum faster, eliminate alveolar inflammation (eg, ambroxol).
6. If pneumonia is accompanied by fever, antipyretic agents should also be used.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children

Bacterial pneumonia in children requires mandatory use of antibiotics. Before the results of tests for the types of bacteria that caused the disease are used, antibiotics of a wider scope (sumamed, augmentin, cefazolinum, ceftriaxone) are used. In addition, it is important to determine the clinical type of the disease in order to prescribe another drug, depending on it (immunal or ferocious). Before prescribing drugs, you need to make sure that the child does not have allergies to their ingredients. Antibiotics for pneumonia in children are taken no more than ten days. Even if wheezing and fever have disappeared, it is necessary to continue taking medications for another two to three days.

Methods and dosages of antibiotics for pneumonia

Usually, the methods of administration and doses of antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed individually, depending on the patient's condition, the severity of the disease and the attendant symptoms. Sometimes the course can last even up to 15 days. But, remember, if you did not see improvement in the state after three to four for after the beginning of the admission, it is better to change the course of treatment.

Overdose

Since the course of taking antibiotics for pneumonia is prescribed strictly by a doctor, an overdose is practically not possible. Do not try to increase or decrease the dose, this can lead to serious consequences.

Interactions with other drugs

Most antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed in combination with other drugs (antipyretic, relieving inflammation, from sputum). Therefore, we can say that they interact well with other means.

Storage conditions

The storage conditions for antibiotics depend on the form in which they are manufactured. Usually injectable solutions and powders are used in a shorter time. Also it is worth remembering that an open drug with a solution can not be reused, even if there is a drug left there. For more information, see the instructions that always come with the product.

Shelf life

First of all, it is worthwhile to understand that taking antibiotics with expired shelf life is unacceptable. This can lead to serious consequences. Overdue drugs most often cause side effects. No doctor can accurately predict how exactly this drug will behave in the body. That's why always check the expiration date of antibiotics, which are usually written on the drug package.

The best antibiotic for pneumonia

It is difficult to say that a single drug is better than the rest for the treatment of pneumonia. But recently the following antibiotics have proved to be well: tavanik, avelox, loxof. Usually they are taken one tablet once a day. It is best to combine antibiotics with other drugs (for example, with augmentin or amoxiclav). Within ten to fourteen days with this course of treatment, you can completely overcome pneumonia. In the event that even on the fourth day of antibiotics you do not see an improvement in your condition, and the body temperature keeps at a high level, you should consult your doctor. In such cases, azitro-sandoz or sumamed is often prescribed instead of augmentin.

ilive.com.ua

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory process in the lungs, often a consequence or complication of bronchitis. Treatment of pneumonia is carried out with antibiotics on a mandatory basis, because the causative agents of the disease are bacteriological infections.

Types of disease

There are pneumonia:

1. Hospital.
2. Community-acquired.

Depending on the treatment regime, different regimens for antibiotics are selected.

Rules for prescribing:

1. Choose a wide-spectrum antibiotic. This will be first line antibiotic therapy. The cause of the disease is assumed based on the color of sputum separated from the lungs and the nature of the course of pneumonia.
2. Conduct an analysis to identify the bacteria that caused the disease, as well as their sensitivity to antibiotics.
3. Correct the treatment scheme according to the results of the smear analysis of the sputum to be separated.

When choosing which antibiotics to drink in acute bronchitis and pneumonia, you should also consider:

• severity of the disease;
• contraindications;
• possible allergic reactions;
• toxicity of drugs;
• the tendency of development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics;
• the speed of penetration of the drug in body fluids;
• the speed at which the therapeutic dosage is reached in the foci of inflammation;
• spectrum of action of the drug.

Ineffectiveness of antibiotic in pneumonia

Such situations are quite a rarity. Basically they arise because of previous self-treatment of the patient with the help of bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents. Causes of lack of effectiveness of drugs can also be:

• frequent use and change of antibiotics;
• development of resistance of microorganisms to the selected drug;
• incorrect choice of dosage and duration of treatment.

The solution to the problem is replacing the drug with another, or combining several drugs.

What antibiotics to treat hospital pneumonia?

Hospital type of pneumonia involves a constant finding of a patient in a hospital hospital and supervision by a doctor.

First line.The following drugs are used:

1. Amoxicillin.
2. Penicillin.
3. Cefepime.
4. Ceftazidime.
5. Cefoperazone.

When intolerance of the above antibiotics or the occurrence of allergic reactions, it is possible to use alternative agents:

1. Ticarcillin.
2. Piperacillin.
3. Cefotaxime.
4. Ceftriaxone.
5. Ciprofloxacin.

In some cases, a combination of antibiotics is required to quickly improve the patient's condition and achieve the necessary concentration of the active substance in the body.

The basis for its use are:

• severe course of the disease;
• mixed infection;
• rapid development of microbial resistance to a single form of antibiotic;
• inflammatory process occurs against the background of oppressed immunity;
• The causative agent of infection is a combination of microorganisms that do not fall within the spectrum of exposure of any drug.

Antibiotics used together:

1. Cefuroxime and gentamicin;
2. Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
3. Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
4. Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
5. Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

The second line.If the initial treatment regimen is ineffective or in accordance with the correction according to the results of the pathogen analysis:

1. Cefepime.
2. Ticarcillin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Imipenem.
5. Meropenem.

Antibiotics against community-acquired pneumonia

At a mild and moderate stage of the disease, such antibiotics are used:

1. Clartromycin.
2. Azithromycin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Doxycycline.
5. Aminopenicillin.
6. Benzylpenicillin.

Names of antibiotics in the severe stage of pneumonia:

1. Cefotaxime.
2. Ceftriaxone.
3. Clarithromycin.
4. Azithromycin.
5. Fluoroquinolone.

Combinations of the above drugs can be used.

To choose the best suitable antibiotic for pneumonia, certainly, should the doctor. This will prevent the aggravation of the course of the disease and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the body.

WomanAdvice.ru

Antibiotics for pneumonia - which medications are effective. Treatment of pneumonia in adults and children with antibiotics.

Inflammation begins immediately with pain in the chest with breathing, a strong cough with sputum, a fever. The disease urgently requires hospitalization. The patient is shown bed rest, a special vitamin nutrition, and the main component of the therapeutic process is the treatment with antibiotics.

What is pneumonia?

Inflammation of the lungs in people called pneumonia. It is an infection of the lower respiratory tract with an incubation period of 2 to 10 days, in which pulmonary tissues are involved. There are several types of disease:

1. Atypical. Called chlamydia, legionella, mycoplasmas, that is, an atypical microflora.
2. Aspiration. It arises from the ingress of water, food or foreign objects into the respiratory tract.
3. Hospital. The disease develops while the patient is in the hospital.
4. Community-acquired. Occurs as a complication after a viral infection. Often is the cause of mortality due to a strong decrease in immunity.

New generation antibiotics help to avoid the complication of pneumonia, in which lung abscess, empyema of the pleura, pneumothorax and other serious diseases can develop. The most serious consequence of pneumonia is respiratory failure. This pathology develops in patients with other chronic diseases or in elderly patients who do not receive adequate antibiotic treatment. Often, failure leads to death.

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Given the acute course of the disease, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are prescribed without waiting for laboratory tests. Doctors distinguish three degrees of severity of inflammation of the lungs. At the mildest stage, the organism becomes intoxicated (weakly expressed), the patient's body temperature does not exceed 38 ° C, the heart beats in a normal rhythm. Consciousness of the patient remains clear, and with the X-ray study, a small focus of inflammation is seen localizing in the upper lobe of the lung.

At a severe stage, the body temperature immediately increases to 39 ° C, tachycardia (moderate), intoxication, on X-ray pronounced infiltration. The heaviest degree of pneumonia (pleuropneumonia) is characterized by a body temperature of 40 ° C, the patient raves, suffers from shortness of breath, intoxication is pronounced. Prescribe antibiotics for pneumonia, given the following factors:

• stage and severity of the disease;
• toxicity of drugs;
• contraindications;
• a possible manifestation of allergy;
• spectrum of antibiotic action;
• speed of penetration into the body of the medicine;
• the rate of development of bacterial resistance to this drug.

Penicillins

The first antibacterial drugs that quickly penetrate into tissues and liquids, so they are used for congestive pneumonia. If the causative agent of inflammation are staphylococci or streptococci, then treatment with drugs of this type is effective. When pathology occurs for a different reason, then other antibiotics are prescribed. Penicillins are administered orally (tablets, suspensions) and through injections (injections). Penicillins include:

• Amoxicillin;
• Mesocillin;
• Flemoxin.

Tetracyclines

A group of drugs used in the treatment of pneumonia is becoming less common. Their instability to the action of microorganisms and the ability to accumulate in tissues is the cause. Tetracyclines have many contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, age under 7 years, kidney disease. Famous representatives of this group of antibiotics:

• Tetracycline;
• Doxycycline.

Cephalosporins

Actively act on all the bacteria of the cocci group, have excellent antibacterial properties to gram-negative and gram-positive flora, affect microorganisms that are resistant to drugs penicillin group. Among the adverse reactions, allergy is evident. Intravenous or intramuscular route of administration is used. The antibiotics of this group include drugs:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Cefonucid;
• Ceftithoxime.

Macrolides

This group of antibiotics for pneumonia is used to neutralize chlamydia, legionella, cocci. Macrolides are well absorbed, but food can slow down the process. Side effects and allergic manifestations are extremely rare. Contraindications include liver disease in patients. Representatives of this category of drugs:

• Sumamed;
• Erythromycin;
• Clarithromycin.

Aminoglycosides

They act on gram-negative aerobic microorganisms. They are used when the inflammation of the lungs is caused by several kinds of bacteria, so therapy is prescribed together with antibacterial or antiviral drugs. For example, the action of antibiotic Amikatsina in atypical pneumonia will strengthen antibacterial Metronidazole. When joint admission should be observed at the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidneys (excretory capacity). Representatives of the group are:

• Gentamicin;
• Iepamycin;
• Neomycin.

Fluoroquinols

Medicines actively affect the E. coli, Legionella. To date, fluoroquinolones are one of the leading places in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. These are broad-spectrum drugs with the ability to penetrate deeply into tissues. Resistance of microorganisms to fluoroquinols rarely develops due to structural changes in DNA and permeability of the bacterial wall. Known antibiotics of this group:

• Ofloxacin;
• Pefloxacin;
• Chlamploploxacin.

How to treat pneumonia with antibiotics

What to take antibacterial drugs solves only the doctor. Self-treatment of pneumonia in the home can lead to death. Antibiotic therapy is conducted no more than 10 days, since many drugs are toxic. With bilateral pneumonia, treatment can be prolonged for a longer period. The specialist takes into account the general condition of the patient, his age and the dosage form of the drug. You need this dosage of antibiotic in the blood so that it is effective at a given degree of the disease.

In adults

After 18 years of age, antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia in a dosage calculated individually. An adult doctor can prescribe the use of both a single drug and antibacterial agents in several groups. Most drugs are used in ampoules, because some modern drugs, for example, Ceftriaxone, are not available in tablets. In addition, experts argue that antibiotics are more effective if they are stabbed, not consumed.

If there is no therapeutic effect after 3 days, the doctor should replace the medicine with another group of antibiotics. It is often not recommended to change preparations too, so as not to develop the resistance of microorganisms to them. When the cause of inflammation is the virus, then immunomodulators are additionally prescribed:

• Grogrinosine;
• Amiksin;
• Arbidol.

Children

Especially dangerous is the child's pneumonia, because it arises hidden after the transferred ARVI, and not as an independent disease. The child becomes sluggish, loses appetite, there are coughing, wheezing, high fever. The basis of children's therapy, too, are antibiotics, which are administered parenterally. Kids are prescribed natural and semi-synthetic penicillins or macrolides, in which the duration of treatment lasts no more than 5 days. Pre-pediatricians make a test for sensitivity to a child's prescribed antibiotic.

Video: Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics

sovets.net

Treatment with antibiotics for pneumonia

A disease like pneumonia is a serious threat to health and even to a person's life. Antibiotics for pneumonia were and still are the saving agent.

Of course, medicine has made great strides. However, the main methods of treatment are still based on antibacterial drugs, and antibiotics are used for pneumonia. Advances in medicine in recent years are that new more effective and safe antibacterial agents have been developed.

Due to such funds, it is possible to quickly and easily stop the development of pneumonia and start treatment. This is very important, because inflammation of the lung is in the first place among the causes of death from inflammatory diseases.

Pneumonia - general information

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs, which is of infectious origin. In pneumonia, inflammation, as a rule, affects the lower respiratory tract, bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles. Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics is a common practice. Pneumonia in its origin can be fungal, viral and bacterial. The last type of pneumonia is most common, and we will discuss it exactly.

For the diagnosis in the laboratory, X-rays and sputum analysis data are used. It is treated pneumonia, as already mentioned, antibacterial drugs, that is antibiotics.

Late diagnosis and untimely initiation of antibiotic use are very likely to lead to death. There are disappointing statistics. She says that out of 450 million patients - this is the total average number of diseases in one year - almost 4 million lethal cases. This means that pneumonia takes 4 million people a year.

The medicine is struggling with this disease, new drugs, treatment methods and preventive measures appear, but experts admit that it is still impossible to reduce the incidence rate. Only in Russia, the number of diseases is fixed at an annual value of 400 thousand - this is official data, but many experienced experts give another indicator - 1 million. Once again it is worth noting that timely treatment to the doctor is the key to success in treatment and a guarantee of recovery. After all, only the neglected forms lead to death.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The onset of pneumonia can be determined promptly by the following indications:

• chills or fever with a sudden jump in temperature to 39-40 degrees;
• moist cough with abundant sputum discharge;
• manifested in dyspnea feeling that there is not enough air;
• palpable pain in the chest with a cough or deep breath.

Weakness, loss of strength, rapid fatigue, increased sweating, poor sleep, lack of appetite, intoxication are all calls for action to begin treatment of pneumonia. X-ray examination is carried out in all cases of suspicion of pneumonia - this is mandatory. Bronchoscopy can be performed with a lack of information. For example, wheezing in the lungs and spots on the X-ray images are signs by which one can make an unambiguous conclusion about the presence of pneumonia. Microbiology, however, will come to the rescue to establish the causative agent of the disease on the basis of data on the study of sputum.

Mandatory in the diagnosis is also the production of a blood test. On the basis of such an analysis, one can easily judge the presence of an inflammatory process and even the nature of its course. In those rare cases when X-rays do not provide complete information, resort to an additional, more modern and accurate method of investigation - computer magnetic resonance tomography of the lungs.

In the case of pediatric pneumonia, the symptoms do not differ from adults. The most common pneumonia manifests itself as dyspnea on the background of ARI. For children, atypical forms of pneumonia are most typical - they require the use of antibiotics that are part of the macrolide group. Pediatric pneumonia gives complications more likely than adults, so treatment should be done only in the hospital.

Rules for prescribing antibiotics

The general rule of prescribing antibiotics for any diseases, even with bronchitis, is from simple to complex.That is, first the weakest drug is prescribed, for example ampicillin, and, in the absence of tangible shifts, the next one is stronger.And so on, until the desired effect is achieved. Efficacy is checked, usually based on a clinical blood test.

This formula is also true for pneumonia, but everything depends on the causative agent of the disease. Conclusion on the ineffectiveness of this drug can be made after a minimum of 48 hours from the beginning of its use. Take into account the possibility of undesirable side effects of the drug. The reason for changing the remedy can also be its high toxicity, which limits the period of application.

Only by achieving a pronounced reduction in inflammatory processes, which should be judged by the analysis of blood, you can decide to cancel the course of antibiotics and start rehabilitation. Antibiotics are divided into groups that determine their activity against specific pathogens. Let us consider in detail the pathogens of the infection and the preparations corresponding to them.

Pneumococci. Against them are considered effective benzylpenicillin and aminopenicillin, in addition, according to many experts, these drugs are considered the gold standard. Haemophilus influenzae. Here aminopenicillins are suitable. Representatives of this group are amoxicillin and ampicillin. Against the hemophilic rod, fluoroquinolones are also effective.

Staphylococcus aureus. With this pathogen, oxacillin, aminopenicillins, cephalosporins are used. This is a fairly common pathogen, and in the fight against it, good results have been achieved.

Pneumonia caused by chlamydia is treated with macrolides or drugs that are part of the tetracycline group. Well manifested themselves in the fight and fluoroquinolones. Legionella. The panacea against it is erythromycin. Fluoroquinolones, macrolides and rifampicin may be the drugs of choice in treatment correction.

Cephalosporins are used to treat pneumonia caused by the causative agent of Escherichia coli. This causative agent does not play a very definite role in the development of pneumonia. Therefore, the fight against it may not bring the desired results.

Treatment of the disease

Patients with pneumonia are hospitalized. Of course, the patient can and refuse hospitalization under his own responsibility, but this does not help to avoid risk of serious complications - suppuration in the lungs, respiratory failure, toxic shock, pleurisy.

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On what grounds can you judge the need for hospitalization:

• dizziness, increased respiration, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate;
• lower body temperature less than nominal;
• the presence of inflammatory processes in other organs
• or simply if the home conditions do not allow full-time treatment at home (there may be different social indicators).

Treatment is carried out in a complex. The first component of the complex is medical treatment: the main treatment with antibiotics, drugs that prevent the development of inflammation, expectorants, inhalation.

The second component of complex treatment is physiotherapy. Its influence is important, and allows you to make treatment more effective, and reliably fix the result. Warming, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, massage, therapeutic gymnastics for breathing - these are the components of physiotherapy. With all this it is useful to drink a lot of warm liquid, best of all medicinal broths on herbs.

The main and integral part of the treatment, as already mentioned, is the treatment with antibiotics. The choice of the treatment regimen is carried out individually for each patient on the basis of an accurate diagnosis, individual characteristics of the organism, the presence or absence of contraindications to the components of the drugs. The age, general condition of the organism is taken into account.

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The treatment regimen includes one or more specific antibiotic drugs, the frequency and duration of their administration, dosage. Most often, the scheme includes two drugs, thus providing the possibility of making adjustments based on a blood test to improve the quality of treatment.

Methods of treatment

These are the modern antibiotic drugs our medicine offers today:

• group of macrolides - clarithromycin, macropen, freomylid, azithromycin, sumamed, chemomycin, vilprafen;
• penicillin group - clarithromycin, macropen, freomylid, azithromycin, sumamed, chemomycin, vilprafen;
• cephalosporin group - cefazolin, suprax, rocefin, zinnate, fortum, cefixime, cephalexin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cloforan, cefepime, ceftriaxone;
• group of fluoroquinolones - levofloxacin, sparfloxacin.

Antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is an average of 8-9 days.

Drugs can be given in tablets, capsules or as injections. Of course, it is most effective to do injections, but it all depends on the patient's condition and the results of the research. Treatment can be accompanied by immunomodulatory therapy.

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Treatment of pneumonia in adults with antibiotics is usually accompanied by drugs that normalize the intestinal microflora, in order to avoid dysbiosis. It is very useful to appoint a patient multivitamins. Folk remedies can only complement antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia. It is impossible to completely replace traditional methods with folk remedies.

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Antibiotics for bronchitis

The thunderstorm of the autumn-spring period is bronchitis. Often it begins with a common cold and other respiratory diseases - sore throat or sinusitis. How to treat bronchitis correctly, only the doctor will say. Many people avoid using strong medicines and are treated with folk remedies. Often this is the reason for the transition of manifestations of bronchitis in the chronic course of the disease. Antibiotics for bronchitis should not be taken alone - be sure to contact your doctor.

Scheme of treatment of bronchitis and pneumonia with antibiotics

Treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract is carried out in a hospital or outpatient. Light bronchitis is successfully eliminated at home, chronic or acute manifestations require hospitalization. Bronchitis and pneumonia are insidious diseases, so do not self-medicate. For adults and children, doctors prescribe different antibiotics and apply different healing procedures. Thus, antibiotics for bronchitis and the treatment regimen depend on:

• age;
• having a tendency to allergies;
• the nature of the disease (acute, chronic);
• type of pathogen;
• parameters of the drugs used (speed and spectrum of action, toxicity).

Antibiotics powerfully affect the human body, and their thoughtless use can harm, not help. For example, the use of strong drugs in the prevention of bronchitis can have the opposite effect. The constant intake of antibiotics inhibits immunity, promotes the emergence of dysbiosis, adaptation of strains of the disease to the drugs used. Therefore, it can not be said that antibiotics are the best remedy for bronchitis. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics is prescribed in the case of:

• if there is a high temperature (more than 38 degrees), which lasts longer than 3 days;
• purulent sputum;
• protracted nature of the disease - treatment for longer than a month does not bring recovery.
• manifesting severe symptoms during exacerbation.
• if the analysis of sputum revealed pathogens, bacterial or atypical nature.

In adults

What antibiotics to drink in adults with bronchitis? A specific treatment regimen is used based on the severity of the disease, its course and the age of the patient. With bronchitis of acute type, drugs of penicillin group are prescribed - Amoxicillin, Erythromycin. With chronic it is possible to use Amoxiclav, Augmentin. If this group of drugs does not help, they switch to the use of Rovamycin, Sumamed and others.

For the elderly, Flemoxin, Azithromycin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone are prescribed. If sputum analysis was not performed, then a wide range of antibiotics are preferred: Ampicillin, Streptocillin, Tetracycin, etc. After the analysis, the doctor prescribes directed drugs. The decision on what antibiotics to take when bronchitis in adults is taken by the attending physician. In any case, the following treatment principles should be adhered to:

1. Drugs are taken strictly according to the instructions (dosage, schedule) at regular intervals.
2. It is unacceptable to skip the reception of tablets.
3. If the symptoms of bronchitis have disappeared - you can not arbitrarily stop treatment.

Children

Unlike adults, the treatment of bronchitis in children with antibiotics is extremely undesirable and dangerous. It is allowed to use drugs only if there is a suspicion of an infectious type of disease. Children should take penicillin group drugs. For children with asthma, the use of azithromycin, erythromycin is allowed. In the rest the treatment scheme of the child is standard and is aimed at eliminating symptoms. Assign:

• bed rest, child care;
• drugs to reduce temperature;
• means for eliminating cough and sore throat;
• application of traditional medicine.

Groups of antibacterials of new generation

Penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin). The group of drugs includes such as "Amoxiclav "Augmentin "Panklav etc. They have a bactericidal effect, they affect the formation of the protein wall of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it dies. Preparations with it are considered the safest. The only negative is the ability to excite allergic reactions. If the disease is started and the drugs with penicillin do not have the proper effect, then they switch to strong drugs.

Macrolides. An extensive group of drugs, which include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. The brightest representatives of macrolides on the pharmacological market are preparations "Erythromycin "Claricin "Sumamed". The mechanism of action is directed to the disturbance of the vital activity of the microbial cell. In terms of safety, macrolides are less harmful than tetracyclines, fluoroquinols, more dangerous than penicillins, but they are good for people who are allergic. In combination with penicillins reduce their effectiveness.

Fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, hemifloxacin, moxifloxacin). On the market, the drugs are presented by "Afelox "Afenoxin and medications that are of the same name with the main active substance, for example, "Moxifloxacin". This group is used as a medicine for bronchitis. It is prescribed only if the previous two groups of antibiotics did not affect the causative agent of the disease.

Cephalosporins (active substances - cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime). According to the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed "Cefalexin "Cefuroxime axetil "Cefotaxime". Limited to the effect on some pathogens. For example, such antibiotics absolutely do not affect pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasmas, listeria. Preparations of the first generation are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are administered in the form of injections.

Which antibiotics are the most effective?

Amoxicillin. Form release - capsules and granules. Adults take 500 mg (1-2 capsules) 3 times a day, if the bronchitis in severe form is doubled to 1000 mg. The child is prescribed from 100 to 250 mg per day, depending on the age. To facilitate admission for children, a suspension is prepared - in half a glass of water, the antibiotic is diluted and shaken. The method of intake is only oral, by injection the drug is not administered.

Sumamed. It is used for bronchitis and pneumonia. It is not used by patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Produced by tablets, capsules, powder for suspensions. Dosage for adults - 500 mg per day, course 3-5 days. Children dose determined by weight - 5-30 mg of medicine per 1 kg. More accurate and correct dosage will be told only by a specialist, do not neglect medical opinion.

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. They are positioned as antibiotics for chronic bronchitis in adults (over 18 years of age). Highly effective in pneumonia, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, infections of various etiologies. The use of this antibiotic is accompanied by a plentiful drink. Avoid direct contact with ultraviolet light of any origin. The form of release - tablets. Dosage - 1-2 times a day for 500 mg.

Cefazolin. Produced by powder for the preparation of infusions and injections. Methods of administration - only intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults, 3-4 injections per day on, 5-1 g. Therapeutic course - 7-10 days. The child's dose is determined proportionally to the weight of the child - 25-50 mg per 1 kg. Stabbing - 3-4 times a day. If patients have renal dysfunction, dosage adjustment is performed.

Side effects

Antibiotics because of their nature have an extensive list of side effects. From the gastrointestinal tract - is diarrhea, vomiting, dysbiosis, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dry mouth. From the urogenital organs - itching, impotence, kidney failure, blood in the urine. On the part of the locomotor system - dizziness, arthritis, muscle weakness, numbness of the limbs, paralysis. Skin reactions are hives, itching, allergic reactions.

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