Antibiotic for bronchitis in adults

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults | What antibiotics to take with bronchitis

Bronchitis itself is a non-infectious disease. This inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, which affects not only the mucosa, but also the wall of the bronchus. Most often bronchitis in adults develops after respiratory diseases. Bronchitis does not require antibiotic treatment. When infected with a viral infection, antibiotics are not effective in adults with bronchitis. Only at the last stage of the disease can a bacterial infection be connected. At attacks of a cough when the phlegm is allocated purulent and with a characteristic smell - only then at the diagnosis a bronchitis appoint antibiotics. What antibiotics to take with bronchitis and when, read further in the article.

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Antibiotics for bronchitis as standard treatment in adults

Most often, in adults with bronchitis, antimicrobials are prescribed. And basically they prescribe drugs of new generations, to which microorganisms have not yet had time to adapt. Or prescribe a combined treatment of bronchitis in adults with two or more antibiotics. Each of the antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis in adults refers to a different group of drugs. It is necessary to take into account and individual intolerance to certain types of antibiotics or allergic reaction is not drugs.

In the diagnosis of bronchitis, bacteriological and microbiological examination of sputum is carried out, which makes it possible to identify microorganisms (their association), which become the cause of the disease and choose a more effective antibiotic that will act on microorganisms, causing their death with minimal concentration in blood.

In the presence of foci of bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed for bronchitis in adults, as well as for prolonged illness and inflammation, which are found in clinical blood tests. Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults is prescribed from five to seven days, and in rare cases up to ten. It all depends on what form the disease has:

• obstructive,
• acute or
• chronic.

Principles of treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics

Antibiotics from bronchitis are taken when symptoms of intoxication are clearly visible, and also if the sputum is purulent. Treatment takes place over a period of two weeks, and if antibiotics do not produce the desired result, sputum analysis should be carried out to determine the causative agent of the disease. During illness the patient should eat well, the diet should contain enough proteins, vitamins and biologically active additives. When performing doctor's appointments, bronchitis is cured without problems.

When it comes to antibiotics, which are necessary for the treatment of bronchitis, the opinions of specialists are divided. Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics is used in cases when bronchitis is in the stage of a relapsing state. Very often the cause of the disease is viruses, and the use of antibiotics is not practiced, as the viruses are treated with antiseptics. The prescribed preparations of the antibacterial group can lead to the development of allergies, dysbacteriosis and resistance of microorganisms to this drug.

Today, for the treatment of bronchitis, antibiotics are prescribed at random. Some species, such as tetracycline, penicillin, erythromycin group preparations, may weaken the immune system. For the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics, it is necessary to conduct a series of tests to determine the sensitivity to a particular drug, and use only an effective drug.

Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics lasts from three to seven days, in rare cases, treatment lasts up to ten days. It depends, most likely on the form of bronchitis. When treatment does not give the desired result, antibiotics of several groups are prescribed. Combining different groups of antibiotics can be done according to special tables.

Indications for prescribing antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis

Experts have not come to a common opinion about the advisability of using antibiotics for the treatment of bronchitis. There is only one opinion with which they are in agreement - the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics, should not be used from the first days of the disease. The use of antibiotics is possible in a number of cases:

1. very high, non-decreasing temperature (above 38 degrees) for more than 2 days;

2. manifestation of toxic poisoning (toxicosis);

3. in the absence of bronchial obstruction, the appearance of dyspnea;

4. high level of ESR in the blood;

5. sizzling breath without bronchial obstruction.

The basis for prescribing antibiotics for bronchitis in adults is the prolonged course of the disease, when in the laboratory analysis of blood the inflammatory process of the upper respiratory organs is detected. Assign medications in the presence of bacterial infection.

What antibiotics and other drugs should I take with bronchitis?

In the treatment of bronchitis in adults, the most effective are:

1. antibiotics Hemomycin, Flemoxin, Macropen, Rovamycin, Azithromycin, Frolimid - which represent the first group of drugs.

2. The second group includes cephalosporins: Suprax, Cephalosoline, Ceftriaxone, Claforan, Cephalexin, Fortum, Cefepime, Rocefin. Preparations are administered orally in mild to moderate forms of the disease.

3. In severe bronchitis, antibiotics are more effective in the form of injections. Sometimes a doctor combines medicines, simultaneously appoints both injections and tablets.

4. At a virus infection at a bronchitis accept antiviral preparations: Kipferon, Genferon, Viferon.

5. Also, for bronchitis in adults, expectorants are prescribed: Lazolvan, Bromhexin, Ambroxol, Fljuditek, ACTS.

6. When shortness of breath apply effective bronchodilator drugs: Teopek, Euphyllin, Berodual, Teotard, Salbutamol. Treatment is supplemented with half-vitamin preparations.

In the therapy of bronchitis with medicines, there are different directions. Each of them has its own way to treat bronchitis. This article will list the most effective cures for bronchitis, which exist in medical practice.

Drugs for bronchitis for inhalation treatment

The safest method of getting medications in bronchitis in the respiratory tract is inhalation. To achieve the results, various devices are used: metered aerosols and powders in dry form. In some cases, nebulizers are used.

The inhalation method introduces anticholinergic drugs for the treatment of bronchitis. The most popular remedy is Ipratropium bromide. Method of administering drugs using aerosols with dosage. For the basic treatment of bronchitis anticholinergics are used, which have no side effects. When prescribing Beta2 agonists to elderly people, one must be careful, there are contraindications for people with heart diseases. In the form of an aerosol with a dosage find application: Berotek, Berodual, Salbutamol.

Medications for bronchitis of the mucoregulatory and glucosteroid class

Drugs from bronchitis of the class of mucoregulatory drugs take with bronchitis those patients who have broken mucus secretion, and effective in the use of lazolvan and acetylcysteine.

Therapy of bronchitis with glucocorticosteroids has results when basic therapy does not come to the rescue even at large dosages. Apply this therapy with a successful resultant course of corticosteroids (taking pills of prednisolone). It is very important to test the GCS method in the form of inhalations, and only after a bad result, it is possible to treat bronchitis in adults with corticosteroids.

Home treatment and folk remedies as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis

To treat and prevent bronchitis in adults can be folk remedies, but only when the patient is at the stage of recovery.

1. If you get bronchitis, be sure to adhere to bed rest.

2. Take hot tea with bronchitis and honey and lemon from bronchitis.

3. Brew for the bronchitis of a branch of raspberry and lime color.

4. Warm compresses on the chest.

5. Remarkably help in the treatment of bronchitis in adults menthol, eucalyptus inhalation.

6. It is necessary to use cough and antiallergic agents for the treatment of acute forms of bronchitis.

7. Add to your daily intake of food vitamins and supplements, which contain a significant amount of micro and macro elements.

8. Of the drugs that are used to treat bronchitis in adults, it is worth highlighting Bronchipret. It includes natural plant elements that have a complex effect.

Folk remedies in addition to antibiotics for home treatment of bronchitis

1. To improve the separation of sputum in bronchitis, it is recommended to take an apple drink several times a day. To do this, you need to cut several apples into equal pieces, brew them with boiling water, let it brew for 30 minutes and use warm.

2. Good help in treating bronchitis in adults is a simple recipe for cough: mix the juice of black radish, carrots and a tablespoon of honey. Take it every hour for 1 tablespoon.

3. Extremely useful in the treatment of bronchitis in adults is also chicory with honey, a ginger beverage. These foods help your body fight bacteria.

4. It is recommended also to rub the chest for treatment of bronchitis, enough time to spend in the open air, eat well, play sports. Do not overcool in cold and wet weather. In order for you to be always healthy, you need to take time to rest.

One of the causes of chronic bronchitis in adults is smoking. Bronchitis is an infectious disease, so that the treatment has passed quickly, it is necessary to refuse first of all bad habits, and then the treatment of bronchitis in adults will be much more effective.

Treatment of bronchitis in adults gives a positive and quick result when the cause of the disease is eliminated - smoking. When smoking chronic bronchitis is difficult to treat, and for this antibiotic sulfonamides are used. This method of treating bronchitis with the use of antibiotics helps to stop the inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract, improve the patency of the bronchi, and also helps restore immunity.

AstroMeridian.ru

Antibiotics for bronchitis

The thunderstorm of the autumn-spring period is bronchitis. Often it begins with a common cold and other respiratory diseases - sore throat or sinusitis. How to treat bronchitis correctly, only the doctor will say. Many people avoid using strong medicines and are treated with folk remedies. Often this is the reason for the transition of manifestations of bronchitis in the chronic course of the disease. Antibiotics for bronchitis should not be taken alone - be sure to contact your doctor.

Scheme of treatment of bronchitis and pneumonia with antibiotics

Treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract is carried out in a hospital or outpatient. Light bronchitis is successfully eliminated at home, chronic or acute manifestations require hospitalization. Bronchitis and pneumonia are insidious diseases, so do not self-medicate. For adults and children, doctors prescribe different antibiotics and apply different healing procedures. Thus, antibiotics for bronchitis and the treatment regimen depend on:

• age;
• having a tendency to allergies;
• the nature of the disease (acute, chronic);
• type of pathogen;
• parameters of the drugs used (speed and spectrum of action, toxicity).

Antibiotics powerfully affect the human body, and their thoughtless use can harm, not help. For example, the use of strong drugs in the prevention of bronchitis can have the opposite effect. The constant intake of antibiotics inhibits immunity, promotes the emergence of dysbiosis, adaptation of strains of the disease to the drugs used. Therefore, it can not be said that antibiotics are the best remedy for bronchitis. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics is prescribed in the case of:

• if there is a high temperature (more than 38 degrees), which lasts longer than 3 days;
• purulent sputum;
• protracted nature of the disease - treatment for longer than a month does not bring recovery.
• manifesting severe symptoms during exacerbation.
• if the analysis of sputum revealed pathogens, bacterial or atypical nature.

In adults

What antibiotics to drink in adults with bronchitis? A specific treatment regimen is used based on the severity of the disease, its course and the age of the patient. With bronchitis of acute type, drugs of penicillin group are prescribed - Amoxicillin, Erythromycin. With chronic it is possible to use Amoxiclav, Augmentin. If this group of drugs does not help, they switch to the use of Rovamycin, Sumamed and others.

For the elderly, Flemoxin, Azithromycin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone are prescribed. If sputum analysis was not performed, then a wide range of antibiotics are preferred: Ampicillin, Streptocillin, Tetracycin, etc. After the analysis, the doctor prescribes directed drugs. The decision on what antibiotics to take when bronchitis in adults is taken by the attending physician. In any case, the following treatment principles should be adhered to:

1. Drugs are taken strictly according to the instructions (dosage, schedule) at regular intervals.
2. It is unacceptable to skip the reception of tablets.
3. If the symptoms of bronchitis have disappeared - you can not arbitrarily stop treatment.

Children

Unlike adults, the treatment of bronchitis in children with antibiotics is extremely undesirable and dangerous. It is allowed to use drugs only if there is a suspicion of an infectious type of disease. Children should take penicillin group drugs. For children with asthma, the use of azithromycin, erythromycin is allowed. In the rest the treatment scheme of the child is standard and is aimed at eliminating symptoms. Assign:

• bed rest, child care;
• drugs to reduce temperature;
• means for eliminating cough and sore throat;
• application of traditional medicine.

Groups of antibacterials of new generation

Penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin). The group of drugs includes such as "Amoxiclav "Augmentin "Panklav etc. They have a bactericidal effect, they affect the formation of the protein wall of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it dies. Preparations with it are considered the safest. The only negative is the ability to excite allergic reactions. If the disease is started and the drugs with penicillin do not have the proper effect, then they switch to strong drugs.

Macrolides. An extensive group of drugs, which include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. The brightest representatives of macrolides on the pharmacological market are preparations "Erythromycin "Claricin "Sumamed". The mechanism of action is directed to the disturbance of the vital activity of the microbial cell. In terms of safety, macrolides are less harmful than tetracyclines, fluoroquinols, more dangerous than penicillins, but they are good for people who are allergic. In combination with penicillins reduce their effectiveness.

Fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, hemifloxacin, moxifloxacin). On the market, the drugs are presented by "Afelox "Afenoxin and medications that are of the same name with the main active substance, for example, "Moxifloxacin". This group is used as a medicine for bronchitis. It is prescribed only if the previous two groups of antibiotics did not affect the causative agent of the disease.

Cephalosporins (active substances - cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime). According to the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed "Cefalexin "Cefuroxime axetil "Cefotaxime". Limited to the effect on some pathogens. For example, such antibiotics absolutely do not affect pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasmas, listeria. Preparations of the first generation are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are administered in the form of injections.

Which antibiotics are the most effective?

Amoxicillin. Form release - capsules and granules. Adults take 500 mg (1-2 capsules) 3 times a day, if the bronchitis in severe form is doubled to 1000 mg. The child is prescribed from 100 to 250 mg per day, depending on the age. To facilitate admission for children, a suspension is prepared - in half a glass of water, the antibiotic is diluted and shaken. The method of intake is only oral, by injection the drug is not administered.

Sumamed. It is used for bronchitis and pneumonia. It is not used by patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Produced by tablets, capsules, powder for suspensions. Dosage for adults - 500 mg per day, course 3-5 days. Children dose determined by weight - 5-30 mg of medicine per 1 kg. More accurate and correct dosage will be told only by a specialist, do not neglect medical opinion.

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. They are positioned as antibiotics for chronic bronchitis in adults (over 18 years of age). Highly effective in pneumonia, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, infections of various etiologies. The use of this antibiotic is accompanied by a plentiful drink. Avoid direct contact with ultraviolet light of any origin. The form of release - tablets. Dosage - 1-2 times a day for 500 mg.

Cefazolin. Produced by powder for the preparation of infusions and injections. Methods of administration - only intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults, 3-4 injections per day on, 5-1 g. Therapeutic course - 7-10 days. The child's dose is determined proportionally to the weight of the child - 25-50 mg per 1 kg. Stabbing - 3-4 times a day. If patients have renal dysfunction, dosage adjustment is performed.

Side effects

Antibiotics because of their nature have an extensive list of side effects. From the gastrointestinal tract - is diarrhea, vomiting, dysbiosis, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dry mouth. From the urogenital organs - itching, impotence, kidney failure, blood in the urine. On the part of the locomotor system - dizziness, arthritis, muscle weakness, numbness of the limbs, paralysis. Skin reactions are hives, itching, allergic reactions.

sovets.net

How to cure bronchitis with antibiotics: a list of the best drugs

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process that develops in the bronchi. There may be several types, each of which has a distinctive symptomatology and specific treatment that the doctor should appoint. Remember that self-medication of such a serious disease as bronchitis, at home is just dangerous!

Types and symptoms

The considered inflammatory process can proceed in the following forms:

• purulent- The sputum, allocated at a cough, contains in itself an admixture of pus; For more information on how to treat purulent bronchitis in adults, read the article.
• purulent-serous- characterized by the release of specific sputum, differing in gray and the presence of "fibers" / inclusions of pus;
• fibrinous- phlegm in the patient is very viscous and dense, poorly separated, which provokes a narrowing of the lumen of the bronchus and, as a consequence, attacks of bronchospasm;
• hemorrhagic- The inflammatory process affects the blood vessels, thinens their walls and the blood gets into the sputum;
• catarrhal- the most common form of bronchitis, characterized by the accumulation of a large amount of mucus in the upper parts of the bronchi.

How is treatment with modern means of chronic obstructive bronchitis indicated in the article.

As the treatment of chronic bronchitis with antibiotics is worth reading for information in this article.

Whether it is possible to breathe over a potato at a bronchitis it is specified in clause here: http://prolor.ru/g/lechenie/stoit-dyshat-nad-kartoshkoj-pri-prostude-kashle.html

This disease can have a different course:

• acute bronchitis- always begins suddenly, accompanied by pain in the chest (even with deep breathing), paroxysmal coughing and fever;
• Chronical bronchitis- is a consequence of an untreated acute form, has all of the above main symptoms bronchitis, but in a less pronounced form, and hyperthermia (fever) can and does absent.

When examining the patient and carrying out the diagnosis, the doctor necessarily differentiates the bronchitis according to the functional sign:

• non-obstructive- narrowing of bronchi, sudden bronchospasm and stifling is not observed;
• obstructive- due to a large amount of viscous sputum or because of the anatomical features of the patient's body, there is a significant narrowing of the bronchial lumen. In this case, the patient complains of shortness of breath, attacks of suffocation, accompanied by a strained dry cough. And here's how to treat obstructive bronchitis in children, you can find out by reading this article.

Antibiotics for bronchitis

Only antibiotics contribute to the cure of bronchitis, the remaining funds only facilitate the patient's condition

Many, who noted the first symptoms of the disease in question, begin treatment of bronchitis propolis, soda, garlic and other folk remedies and usual tablets from a cough - it's in the bud wrong!Only antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) can relieve directly from inflammation and pathogenic microorganisms(bronchitis has an infectious etiology), and all other methods of treatment and remedies will only alleviate the condition of the patient. This does not mean that you need to immediately and unconditionally go through a course of antibiotic therapy - consultation a doctor will still be needed, but the antibiotic used most often for children with bronchitis is indicated in the article.

Important: with acute bronchitis antibiotics are not prescribed at all - this form of inflammation has viral etiology, and the drugs in question are absolutely useless in the fight for viruses.

Antibiotics can be prescribed in tablets and injections, but most often the tablet form is used medicines - it allows you to go through the entire course of treatment on an outpatient basis, without the need to find hospital. Doctors may prescribe injections with antibacterial drugs in the following cases:

• the body temperature reaches the highest boundaries and keeps at this level for more than a day;
• there is pus in the phlegm;
• bronchospasm and severe dyspnea are observed.

In addition, antibiotics can also be used in inhalations with a nebulizer - this is generally considered to be the most effective method of treatment: the drug falls directly on the walls of the bronchi, affected by the inflammatory process and acts localized.

Antibiotics of the old generation

Augmentin - one of the popular means of the old generation

Most often in the treatment of bronchitis of different forms and types of doctors appointed penicillins - drugs of the old generation, but this did not become less effective. Recommended preparations:

• Augmentin;
• Panklav;
• Amoxiclav.

R

Recommended dosage: 625 mg per treatment. Such receptions per day should be 3 (every 8 hours).Importantly: penicillins give a very good effect, but more often the resistance of pathogenic bacteria that provoked bronchitis to these drugs is revealed.Therefore, the patient is prescribed a medicine, followed by monitoring the dynamics of the disease for 3 days) and in the absence of positive "shifts" the antibiotic is replaced by another, more effective.

Macrolides

If the patient has an individual intolerance and / or hypersensitivity to antibiotics of the penicillin series, macrolides are assigned to him. To such it is possible to carry:

• Clarithromycin;
• Erythromycin.

They are produced most often in tablet form, so the dosage is calculated as follows: 1 tablet per reception, use should be done every 6-8 hours.

Modern antibiotics

In obstructive bronchitis, antibiotics of a new generation are appointed - cephalosporins, which are injected into the body only by injection - intramuscularly or intravenously (in especially severe cases). These include:

• Levofloxacin;
• Ceftriaxone;
• Ciprofloxacin;
• Cefuroxime.

Please note: the exact dosage should be prescribed by the attending physician - it will depend on the severity of the course of the disease, the general condition of the patient, the "neglect" of the inflammatory process.

Fluoroquinolones

If a patient has previously been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, then at the first signs of his exacerbation take fluoroquinolones - broad-spectrum antibiotics, identical to cephalosporins, but more soft / gentle. The most commonly prescribed are:

• Moxifloxacin;
• Lefofloxacin;
• Ciprofloxacin.

It is recommended to treat with a short seven-day course, injecting any of the above medications intramuscularly twice a day.What amount of the drug is needed for one injection, only a doctor can determine - in this case, it is unreasonable to make a decision independently.

The chronic form of bronchitis is always and certainly treated with antibiotics - they will help "drive" the inflammatory process into the stage of long-term remission.

Antibiotics and nebulizer

Inhalation nebulizer is especially effective in bronchitis

To conduct inhalations with a nebulizer, antibiotics can also be used - the effect will be rendered almost immediately, because in this case the drug will act directed / localized and immediately after it hits the organism.Most often for this type of treatment is appointed Fluimucil - a drug that in its composition contains both antibacterial agent, and special for liquefaction of sputum.Produced antibiotic in the form of a powder - you need to take one package and dissolve in a small amount of sodium chloride (maximum 5 ml), and the resulting liquid is divided into two inhalations per day.

Inhalation Fluimutsilom most effective in purulent bronchitis, but can be prescribed for other types of inflammatory disease.

Indication / contraindications

Antibiotics are quite powerful medications that have categorical indications and contraindications.You can not thinklessly take antibacterial drugs - in most cases they are absolutely useless, but their negative effect on the work of the intestines, liver and kidneys can already have(the so-called side effects). For those who want to know in more detail how many days to drink antibiotics for bronchitis, you can learn from the article. Therefore, one should know clear indications for the appointment / use of antibiotics for the treatment of various forms / types of bronchitis:

• borderline high body temperature, which can not be reduced by usual antipyretic;
• purulent sputum content;
• developing bronchospasm;
• previously diagnosed chronic bronchitis.

It is strictly forbidden to prescribe to doctors or take antibiotics on their own:

• diseases of urinary system of severe course - renal failure / nephropathy;
• violations of the functionality of the liver - selectively, for example, with certain forms of hepatitis;
• ulcerative disease of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach / duodenum).

Important: it is necessary to exclude an allergic reaction to antibiotics - it can develop rapidly, which leads to anaphylactic shock and edema Quincke.

And notice: if the patient has already undergone treatment shortly before the development of bronchitis antibacterial drugs of any group, then these funds will be absolutely useless in the treatment any type of bronchitis.

Possible complications

If you ignore the symptoms of bronchitis, self-treatment, the abandonment of antibacterial drugs can develop quite serious complications of bronchitis:

• pneumonia and pneumothorax;
• bronchial asthma - especially dangerous in this regard, obstructive bronchitis;
• pulmonary hypertension;
• emphysema of the lungs;
• bronchiectatic disease.

Please note: acute bronchitis with properly conducted treatment is cured quickly enough, otherwise the form of the disease will certainly be replaced by a chronic one.

Video

From this video you will learn about the proper treatment of chronic bronchitis:

Frequent recurrences of chronic bronchitis, prolonged obstructive, purulent and / or catarrhal appearance of the disease in question can lead to the development inflammation in other organs and body systems - as complications are considered otitis (acute / chronic), tonsillitis (compensated / decompensated).

ProLor.ru

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults: when appointed, the names

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are used in the presence of a bacterial pathogen in the human body, as a result of which an inflammatory reaction in the bronchi develops.

Bronchitis refers to one of the most common pathology of the respiratory system.

The cause of the disease can become viruses, so before using antibacterial agents, one should be convinced of the etiology of the disease. There is a possibility that the disease can begin with an acute respiratory viral infection with typical clinical manifestations - chills, small fever, weakness, nasal congestion and possibly sore throat. However, as it progresses, the trachea and bronchi may be involved in the pathological process.

At this stage, it is rational to use antiviral drugs to combat the causative factor. In some cases, with inadequate treatment, it is possible to attach a secondary infection, which in most cases is caused by bacteria. Only at this stage should take antibacterial drugs.

Among them, macrolides, penicillins, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and tetracyclines can be identified, however, in each case, the degree of intoxication and the state of the overall human health should be considered.

Indications for the use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults

Indications for the use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are based on the presence of a bacterial pathogen in the body, as well as the clinical picture of the disease.

In the case of viral origin of bronchitis, the use of antibacterial drugs not only can not to relieve the pathogen and alleviate the condition, but also negatively affect the state of the organism in whole. Adverse reactions can be expressed in changes in the microflora of the intestine with a violation of its functioning and the development of diarrhea.

In addition, antibacterial drugs have an immunosuppressive effect on the body that prevents the manifestation of an adequate level of human immune defense in response to toxic damage to the bronchi the causative agent.

Indications for the use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults also take into account clinical manifestations of the disease. Among them, the most important is the temperature, especially exceeding 38 degrees, a cough with sputum secretion with a green tinge, as well as severe weakness and malaise.

Form of issue

The form of release of antibacterial drugs is a tablet form or as a powder for the preparation of solution and suspension. The latest form of release is used mainly in childhood, since babies can not take the pill.

A tablet is a dosage form of a drug substance of a solid consistency. In the process of its production is the pressing of medicinal and auxiliary substances, for example, sugar, talc, starch, sodium chloride.

Some tablets are covered with a protective coating. It is necessary to prevent its premature dissolution along the digestive tract.

Each tablet contains a certain amount of the main active substance and excipients. Based on these data, the tablet is characterized by its dosage, so that it is possible to clearly observe the recommended doses.

For adults, a tablet and powder form is used for intramuscular or intravenous administration of a different dosage, which is selected taking into account the intensity of clinical manifestations, the duration of the pathological process and the presence of accompanying diseases.

Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults

Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults is due to reactions that arise from direct contact of the drug with a bacterial pathogen. This interaction is observed after the antibacterial drug enters the common bloodstream and takes a certain form, through which it can circulate in the blood and enter the foci of maximum congestion bacteria.

The success of the interaction of a medicinal antibacterial agent with a bacterial agent depends on the activity and life cycle of the latter. This phase can last from a couple of hours to several days, given the fact that some antibacterial drugs characterized by a modified release, which ensures the maintenance of a certain concentration of the main active substance in blood.

The pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in adults with bronchitis determines the effect on the bacterial pathogen. In addition, it should take into account the method of administration of the drug, which determines the time of antibiotic entry into the blood and the beginning of its action, as well as dosage.

Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults

The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in adults with bronchitis is divided into a phase of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug. During these periods, the preparation and exposure of the main active substance to the bacterial pathogen is provided. Duration of pharmacokinetics consists of a period of time - from the moment the antibacterial drug enters the blood before it is excreted from the body.

Intravenous administration of the drug provides direct contact of the antibacterial agent with the causative agent that circulates in the blood, which ensures the fastest possible entry of the substance into the blood pathological focus.

The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults with intramuscular injection depends on its ability to dissolve in water and fats. Also, it is necessary to take into account the presence of barriers in the body, for example, blood-brain, which inhibits the activation of the antibacterial drug.

An obstacle to the effects of these drugs on the pathological focus may be the formed capsule due to the presence of a prolonged inflammatory process that has passed into the chronic stage.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults concern individual intolerance due to the development of a different genesis of adverse reactions from organs and systems. These features are laid at the genetic level and do not depend on a person.

Any antibacterial drug can cause the development of an allergic reaction, the clinical manifestations of which have different symptoms. The time of their appearance and intensity depends on the method of administration of the antibacterial drug, as well as on the dose.

So, a slight itch of skin, a rash, redness, swelling up to anaphylactic shock is possible. When the first symptoms of an allergy to an antibacterial agent appear, discontinue its administration immediately. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of the drug in the blood and speed up its elimination.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults with prolonged use can provoke a change in the intestinal microflora with further disruption of its activity. The manifestation can be a dysbacteriosis with a diarrhea or a candidiasis of various prevalence.

Some antibacterial drugs are not allowed for use during pregnancy, lactation, as well as liver, kidney and other systemic lesions.

Side effects of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults

Side effects of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults may differ depending on the dose and group of antibacterial agents. Next, a list of adverse reactions that occur most often and is characteristic of all types of antibiotics will be given.

In addition, it is worth considering the reactions caused by a particular antibiotic. Among the most common adverse reactions should be allergic manifestations with the appearance of rashes, itching and swelling of the skin. The digestive system can respond to antibacterial drugs with pain syndrome, nausea, diarrhea and dyspepsia.

Side effects of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults can be observed in laboratory tests: increased levels of eosinophils, cellular composition and decreased blood clotting. According to biochemical analysis, the degree of disruption of the liver, pancreas and kidneys is assessed.

Some groups of antibacterial agents have neurotoxicity, have a negative effect on auditory function and the immune system.

Use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults

The use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults is justified only if there is a bacterial pathogen in the body. A significant percentage of bronchitis is viral etiology, which determines the use of antiviral drugs. In this case, the use of antibacterial agents will not only be unnecessary, but also harmful.

The fact is that antibacterial drugs have a negative effect on the microflora of the intestine, which leads to its dysfunction and diarrhea. In addition, drugs depress the body's immune defense, which makes it even harder to cope with the infection.

The use of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults is necessary only in the case of a temperature rise above 38 degrees, expressed clinical manifestations of intoxication, prolonged course (more than 3 weeks), severe cough with sputum and pain in thorax.

From laboratory studies it is necessary to pay attention to the ESR indices exceeding 20 mm / h, the presence of leukocytosis and other signs of bacterial infection.

Dosing and Administration

The way of administration and dose of each antibiotic is selected individually, taking into account the severity of the process, age and the presence of concomitant pathology.

Thus, the daily dosage of protected penicillins (Amoxiclav, Flemoclav) to adults weighing 40 kg calculated on the basis of the mass of a person, according to the formula from 20-60 mg / 5-15 mg per 1 kg of weight, depending on the severity of bronchitis. This dose should be taken three times.

Of the macrolide group, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin with a dosage of 250 mg and 500 mg is used. Given the severity of bronchitis, the daily dose can be 500 mg or 1000 mg, divided into 2 doses.

As for fluoroquinolones, they are reserve drugs, since they are used in severe stages. Ciprofloxacin is used in a dosage of 250 mg to 750 mg at a time. Thus, the daily dose is 500-1500 mg for 2 times.

The way of application and dose of cephalosporins is to use Ceftriaxone, Loraxon in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections. Calculation of the dose is carried out taking into account the stage of bronchitis and can be 1-2 g per day for single use or twice a day for 1 g.

Overdose

Overdose is manifested by adverse reactions in a more pronounced degree. Thus, allergic reactions can achieve anaphylactic shock, the clinical manifestations of which is a reduction in blood pressure, cold sweat, shortness of breath, vomiting, and swelling of the larynx and loss consciousness.

Treatment includes symptomatic therapy with the maintenance of the heart and respiratory organs, antihistamines, hormones, and if necessary, ventilation or tracheostomy.

Overdose can be manifested by kidney damage under the condition of taking a large dose of the drug in the presence of diseases of the urinary system. Therapeutic tactics in severe cases involve the use of hemodialysis.

Hepatic insufficiency develops as a result of damage to the liver cells with an increase in the level of transaminases. Clinically, pathology can be suspected by the beginning of jaundice and the biochemical blood test.

In some cases, hematopoietic oppression and teratogenic effects are observed. The digestive system reacts to large doses of an antibacterial agent with a disorder of the intestine, pain syndrome, nausea and vomiting.

Interaction of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults with other drugs

The interaction of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults with other drugs is based on the effect of the main antibacterial component on concurrently taken drugs. In the case of co-administration of anticoagulants and some antibacterial agents, there is an increase in the probability of bleeding.

When taking ACE inhibitors, diuretics with a potassium-sparing mechanism of action and other drugs that contain potassium, hyperkalemia can be noted.

Interaction of antibiotics in bronchitis in adults with other drugs, for example, oral contraceptives, provides a decrease in the effectiveness of the latter in connection with which the risk increases pregnancy.

Anticonvulsants are more effective and therefore have side effects when taken with antibacterial agents at the same time.

The same happens with the intake of cardiac glycosides and antiarrhythmic drugs, as a result of which their enhanced effect is observed. Means used for anesthesia also increase the likelihood of oppression of the respiratory center and enhance neuromuscular blockade.

Conditions for storage of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults

The storage conditions of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are characterized by certain parameters that must be observed to ensure normal storage of the drug.

So, should keep the room temperature not above 25 degrees, humidity at a certain level and ensure that no direct sunlight gets on the antibacterial agent.

Conditions of storage of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults ensure the safety of the medicinal product during the indicated shelf life. During this period, the drug has medicinal properties up to a certain date.

If the recommendations are not followed, the medicinal antibacterial agent is more likely to lose therapeutic abilities and to have a negative effect on the body after it is taken.

In addition, it is necessary to store the drug in a place where children do not have access, since the high risk of overdose is in childhood. Also, tablet preparations can close the lumen of the bronchus, which leads to the development of an acute condition that threatens life.

Shelf life

Shelf life is the period during which the manufacturer guarantees the availability of the medicinal properties specified in the instruction. Shelf life can have two dates: the first - the time of manufacture, and the second - the last reception of antibacterial agent.

In some cases, one date is indicated on the outer or inner packaging - the last use. After the expiration of this period, it is prohibited to use the medicine in order to avoid the development of side effects.

Most antibacterial drugs have a shelf life of 2 years, however, under the conditions of storage. If the temperature regime or the integrity of the product package is not violated, its further use is not recommended.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are used quite often, because in the beginning people try to be cured home methods, but only after a few weeks of unsuccessful therapy, they turn to the doctor. In addition, sometimes antibacterial drugs are used for viral infection, which not only does not bring the desired result, but also prevents the body from coping with the viral agent.

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What antibiotics should I take with bronchitis?

Bronchitis can appear in children and adults, most often it is chronic. Only with the help of antibiotics can the disease be cured and recover faster. Viral bronchitis is treated without antibiotics, because with the help of them you can not kill the virus. If antibiotics are ascribed, you should remember that they can depress the immune system, lead to dysbiosis, allergic reactions, bacteria can develop resistance to the drug.

Features of treatment of different forms of bronchitis

Acute bronchitis, which appeared due to an infectious disease, the virus, it does not need to be treated with antibiotics. When a person has strong immunity, pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci can be destroyed in two weeks.

When the body is weak, it is necessary to use antibacterial drugs. In acute bronchitis a person has a strong cough, severe pain in the chest, the body temperature rises, everything can end with severe complications - pneumonia or bronchial asthma.

The use of antibiotics in bronchitis

The most commonly assigned groups are:

1. Aminopenicillin, for example, Arlet, Amoxiclav. With the help of them you can get rid of bacteria that have settled on the walls of the bronchi, they are practical, they have no side effects. Caution to the penicillin group should be treated with allergies, often they may have different reactions.

2. Macrolides, they include Sumamed, Macropenus. They do not allow the reproduction of microbes, stop the production of protein.

3. Fluoroquinolones group - Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin. They act quickly, but negatively affect the work of the gastrointestinal tract, dysbiosis may appear.

4. Cephalosporins - in this group are popular Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone. With the help of them you can destroy those microorganisms that can not destroy the antibiotics of the penicillin group. Very rarely can cause allergies, are normally tolerated by the patient.

The use of antibiotics in adults with bronchitis

First, it is recommended to use antibiotics, which actively fight infectious disease, this is the best antibacterial agent, they include - Azithromycin, Flemoxin.

Often adults are prescribed antibiotics of the cephalasporin group - Cefepim, Suprax. The mild stages of the disease are treated with the help of tablets, the neglected form of bronchitis is treated with injections.

If a person has bronchitis caused by a virus, you need to use Kipferon, Vifron with expectorants-Lazolvanom, ACTS. In cases of dyspnea, antibiotics are combined with drugs that will help extend the bronchi - Euphyllinum, Salbutamol. It is advised to take vitamins, so you can strengthen the body.

If previously does not conduct a special analysis for sensitivity to antibiotics, drugs of the penicillin group, most often Augmentin, are prescribed. It is important to pass bacterial culture, so it will be possible to cure the disease more quickly.

Sumamed can quickly be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, it can immediately destroy the bacteria. This antibiotic is drunk no more than three days. This type of antibiotic patient normally tolerates, seldom can there be pain in the abdomen, vomiting, nausea. Care must be taken for it, because it can provoke activation of Candida fungus, because of this, thrush of the oral cavity, intestines, external genital organs may develop. Sumamed negatively affects the hepatic work, negatively affects the nervous system.

Often appointed Augmentin, it does not allow bacteria to actively develop, you can use it in the form of suspension, powder, tablets. With the help of it you can stop the inflammatory process. Please note that often the side effect of this drug is dysbiosis, liver disease, urticaria, nausea, in severe cases, Quincke's edema.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children

Children are often advised to take the drug from allergies, in addition to antibiotics, to strengthen the immune system. Especially effective and safe is Umkalor. With the help of it it is possible to cure the disease to the end, it is recommended to take it after taking a strong antibiotic, with the help of Umcalor it is possible to increase immunity and to protect in the future from relapse.

After the child has drunk a course of antibiotics, it is necessary to clear the intestinal microflora, so you can protect yourself from dysbiosis.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with bronchitis

Often during pregnancy, a woman can develop bronchitis. This is due to the fact that the immune system is weakened, it can not fully protect a woman from viruses, infections. First, the woman weakens, then the body temperature rises. After, her begins to disturb the dry cough, a large amount of sputum is released. Pay attention that you need to treat the disease as soon as possible, it can negatively affect the health of the child.

Often during pregnancy, sputum is not practically eliminated from the pulmonary system, the diaphragm does not move fully, it is elevated. When a large amount of sputum accumulates in the bronchi, the disease can worsen, it harms the child.

If the bronchitis is acute, it does not affect the condition of the fetus, and the chronic can infect it. Therefore, during pregnancy, bronchitis is treated with antibiotics. The most commonly chosen penicillin, they do not harm the future child, like other groups. From the second trimester, bronchitis can be treated with cephalosporin.

It is allowed in case of acute bronchitis of a pregnant woman to use Bioporox, it is often used for inhalations. With the help of it, it is possible to remove the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract, while it does not affect the placenta.

Thus, bronchitis does not always need to be treated with antibiotics, so use them only when necessary. Self-medication can not be dealt with, only a doctor can prescribe antibiotics. Consider your individual tolerability to avoid side effects.

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