Internal otitis symptoms and treatment

Signs and treatment of internal otitis media

Internal otitis is a lesion that carries the inflammatory nature of the structures that make up the inner ear, which arises as a result of infection.Defeat is also capable of provoking the resulting trauma to ear structures. Otitis of the inner ear is called labyrinthitis. The clinical picture of the disease includes disturbances in the work of the vestibular apparatus, consisting in the appearance of dizziness, balance disorder and coordination, symptoms of hearing disorder, manifested in the occurrence of noise and a decrease in the level hearing.

The structure of the inner ear

The inner ear is one of the parts of the hearing organ.

Has the most complex structure among the departments that make up the human hearing aid. This department of the auditory organ is called the labyrinth.

The labyrinth of labyrinths consists of the following departments:

• vestibule;
• snails;
• semicircular canals.

In a person in an upright position, the cochlea is in front, and the semicircular canals behind, between these structures is a cavity, which is called the vestibule. Inside the labyrinth is a webbed labyrinth, which in its composition has similar parts, only on a smaller scale. The space between the two labyrinths is filled with a fluid of special composition - perilymph.

The snail is a component of the inner structure of the ear, which is part of the hearing organ that senses the sonic oscillations coming from the outer passage, in the form of vibrations transmitted to the liquid filling snail. Inside the cochlea, the main membrane is located, on which there is a cluster of cellular structures with hairs that sense sound vibrations.

The vestibule and semicircular canals play the role of an organ providing control of equilibrium and position in space. The work of the body determines the ability of the body to navigate in space.

Causes and classification of internal otitis media

Since the labyrinth is located inside the skull, infection of this department occurs only when microorganisms and their products of vital activity spread from other infectious sources.

The most common cause of development of labyrinthitis is the occurrence of otitis media. Inflammation of the structures of the middle ear shows swelling and infiltration of membranes that close the windows in bone structures, and the result of this process is an increase in the permeability of connective tissue membranes. Increased permeability provokes the development of serous ear inflammation. Serous otitis leads to an increase in the pressure index inside the labyrinth, which is accompanied by the breakthrough of the membranes of the windows into the cavity of the tympanic membrane. Through these windows, penetration of pathogenic microbes that provoke purulent labyrinthitis occurs.

Infection is able to penetrate into the inner structures of the ear from the cavity of the skull. In this case, the cause of the inflammatory process in the inner ear is meningitis, the development of which is caused by meningococcal and pneumococcal infections. The presence in the body of common infectious ailments can provoke the development of hematogenous infection in the internal structure of the ear.

The appearance of infection is possible due to damage to the tympanic membrane, which occurs as a result of trauma to the hearing organ.

In medicine, a wide classification of the disease is used:

• by type of pathogen;
• depending on the mechanism of occurrence;
• by type of inflammation;
• for dissemination;
• by the nature of the course of the disease.

Depending on the classification used, various types of labyrinthite are distinguished.

Complications, diagnosis and treatment of internal otitis media

In general, complications of otitis are associated with the transition of inflammatory processes to the structures adjacent to the labyrinth. Transition of inflammation to the fallopian canal provokes the development of neuritis of the facial nerve. Inflammation of the mastoid process provokes the development of mastoiditis and spreading to the region of the temporal bone. Penetration of the processes of inflammation in the skull leads to the development of pathogenic complications, such as meningitis, encephalitis and abscess.

Depending on the etiology of the disease, its diagnosis is carried out in complex with physicians of different specializations. To diagnose the disease, otoscopy and microscopy are performed. As a result of the research, changes in the tympanic membrane are found. In addition, when diagnosing an ailment, targeted radiography and computed tomography are performed. The presence of trauma requires mandatory X-ray examination. If there is a suspicion of infection in the cranial cavity, an MRI of the brain is performed. In addition, the hearing of a person and the work of the vestibular apparatus are investigated. When determining the causes of an illness, the patient's body is examined to identify specific pathogens.

Treatment of the disease is carried out in the form of complex therapy. The course of treatment includes antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs that improve blood circulation in the inner ear area. In addition, the treatment of otitis requires the use of neuroprotectors and hyposensitizing agents. With the development of purulent otitis surgical treatment is required. If necessary, mastoidotomy or opening of the pyramid is performed.

Hearing disorders that occur with the development of otitis media, in the case of their persistent nature, require hearing aids. The choice of methods of hearing restoration is made in accordance with the conducted studies.

Symptomatics of human labyrinthitis

Labyrinthite has symptoms, the manifestation of which depends on the degree of development of the disease and its form.

Disorders of the vestibular apparatus manifest themselves in the form of dizziness, coordination and balance disorders, various vegetative disorders. Vertigo in otitis is permanent. As a rule, the patient complains of the appearance of a sense of rotation of objects or the body. Sometimes there is dizziness in combination with a disorder of stability and confidence in there are cases when a person in a fall is unable to determine the direction body movements.

When the patient develops acute or at the time of exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease, dizziness may be in the the form of attacks, the duration of which can fluctuate in the interval from several minutes to several hours. As a rule, dizziness is accompanied by such signs as bouts of nausea and vomiting, which are greatly enhanced by movement. At moments of exacerbation of the disease, there is an increase in sweating, the appearance of pale skin of the face. With the development of the chronic form of the disease in the periods between exacerbations, dizziness lasts several minutes.

Labyrinthitis is characterized by the appearance of spontaneous nystagmus, which changes its direction throughout the disease.

The frustration of a sense of balance in otitis patients can manifest themselves in varying degrees depending on the stage of the development of the disease. Violations are detected in the palcenosal test.

Vegetative abnormalities, which are revealed during the development of an ailment, are manifested by a change in the color of the skin of the body, there is reddening and pale skin, in addition, there is a feeling of vomiting and nausea, as well as bradycardia or tachycardia. Symptoms can occur during periods between exacerbations of the disease.

Hearing impairment is associated with irritation and dying of the sound-receiving nerve receptors. When irritated, there are noises in the ear, and in case of death of the receptors - a decrease or loss of hearing. In the case of the development of serous labyrinthitis, the hearing loss is reversible. With the development of a purulent labyrinthitis in humans, mass dying of receptors occurs, which can lead to complete loss of hearing.

lor03.ru

Symptoms and treatment of otitis in adults

Content:

• Ear anatomy
• Causes of otitis media
• Pathogens of the disease
• The clinical picture is the symptoms of otitis
• General principles of diagnosis
• Treatment of external otitis media
• Treatment of otitis media and labyrinthitis in adults
• Prevention of otitis

Otitis is an ear inflammation, a general term for any infectious processes in the hearing organ. Depending on the affected area of ​​the ear, the outer, middle and inner otitis (labyrinthitis) are secreted. Otitis occurs frequently. Ten per cent of the world's population suffered from external otitis during their lifetime.

Annually in the world 709 million new cases of acute otitis media are registered. More than half of these episodes occur in children under 5 years of age, but adults also suffer from inflammation of the middle ear. Labyrinthitis, as a rule, is a complication of otitis media and is relatively rare.

Ear anatomy

For a better understanding of the subject, it is necessary to briefly recall the anatomy of the organ of hearing.
The components of the outer ear are the auricle and auditory canal. The role of the external ear is to trap the sound wave and carry it to the eardrum.

The middle ear is the tympanic membrane, the drum cavity containing the chain of auditory ossicles, and the auditory tube.

In the tympanic cavity, there is an increase in the sound vibrations, after which the sound wave follows the inner ear. The function of the auditory tube connecting the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the ventilation of the tympanum.

The inner ear contains the so-called "cochlea" - a complex sensory organ in which sound vibrations are converted into an electrical signal. An electrical impulse follows the auditory nerve into the brain, carrying coded information about the sound.

External otitis media

Otitis externa is an inflammation of the auditory canal. It can be diffuse, and can proceed in the form of a furuncle. When diffuse external otitis affects the skin of the entire ear canal. Furuncle is a limited inflammation of the skin of the external ear.

Average otitis media

With an average otitis inflammation occurs in the tympanum. There are many forms and variants of the course of this disease. It can be catarrhal and purulent, perforative and non-perforative, acute and chronic. When otitis can develop complications.

The most common complications of otitis media include mastoiditis (inflammation of the occipital bone of the temporal bone), meningitis (inflammation of the brain membranes), abscess (abscess) of the brain, labyrinthitis.

Labyrinthite

Internal otitis almost never is an independent disease. Almost always it is a complication of the inflammation of the middle ear. Unlike other types of otitis, its main symptom is not pain, but hearing loss and dizziness.

Causes of otitis media

• After getting contaminated water - most often the external otitis occurs after the ingestion of water containing the causative agent of the disease into the ear. That is why the second name of this disease is "swimmer's ear".
• Injury of the skin of the external auditory canal - in addition to the presence of infection in the water, there must also be local conditions predisposing to the development of inflammation: microcracks of the skin, etc. Otherwise, each of our contact with unboiled water would result in the development of inflammation in ear.
• Complication of SARS, sinusitis - in this case, the causative agent of middle otitis penetrates into the tympanum completely from the other side, the so-called rhinotubar path, that is, through the auditory tube. Usually, the infection gets into the ear from the nose, when a person is sick with ARVI, runny nose or sinusitis. In case of a serious inflammation of the middle ear, the infection can spread to the inner ear.
• With infectious diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypothermia against a background of reduced immunity, the risk of inflammation in the middle ear increases. Bruising through 2 nostrils (wrong), coughing and sneezing increase the pressure in the nasopharynx, which leads to the ingress of infected mucus into the middle ear cavity.
• Mechanical removal of earwax - it is a protective barrier against infections.
• High air temperature and high humidity.
• Contact with foreign objects in the ear.
• Use of hearing aids.
• Such diseases as seborrheic dermatitis on the face, eczema, psoriasis.
• The causes of development of acute otitis media are also genetic location, immunodeficiency states, HIV infection.

Pathogens of the disease

Pathogens of external otitis can be bacteria or fungi. Especially often found in the ear canal are microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. For the fungi of the genus Candida and Aspergillus, the skin of the ear canal is one of the favorite places in the body: it's dark, and after bathing it's still wet.

The causative agents of otitis media, and therefore internal, can be viruses and bacteria. Fungal infection of the middle ear is also found, but much less often than the external one. The most common bacterial pathogens of otitis media are pneumococcus, hemophilic rod, moraxella.

The clinical picture is the symptoms of otitis

• Pain is the main symptom of otitis media. The intensity of pain can be different:
  • from barely perceptible to unbearable
  • character - pulsing, shooting

  It is very difficult, it is often impossible to independently distinguish painful sensations with external otitis from painful sensations with inflammation of the middle ear. The only clue can be the fact that with external otitis pain should be felt when touching the skin at the entrance to the ear canal.

• Hearing loss is a fickle symptom. It can be present with both external otitis media, and with an average, may be absent in both these forms of ear inflammation.
• Increase in temperature - most often there is an increase in body temperature, however, this is also an optional feature.
• Discharge from the ear with external otitis occur almost always. After all, nothing prevents the inflammatory fluid from escaping outward.

With the average otitis, if the perforation (hole) is not formed in the tympanic membrane, there is no secretion of their ear. The suppuration from the ear canal begins after the appearance of a communication between the middle ear and the auditory meatus.

I emphasize that perforation can not be formed even with purulent otitis. Patients suffering from otitis media often ask where pus will go if it does not break out. It's very simple - he will go out through the auditory tube.

• Ear noise (see Fig. causes of noise in the ears), ear congestion is possible with any form of the disease.
• When the inflammation of the inner ear develops, dizziness (causes) may appear.

Acute otitis media occurs in 3 stages:

Acute catarrhal otitis - the patient experiences severe pain, worse by night, with coughing, sneezing, she can give in temple, teeth, be stabbing, pulsating, drilling, hearing loss, appetite, weakness and high fever 39C.

Acute purulent otitis - there is accumulation of pus in the middle ear cavity, followed by perforation and suppuration, which may be on day 2-3 of the disease. In this period, the temperature drops, the pain decreases, the doctor can make a small puncture (paracentesis), if there is no independent rupture of the tympanic membrane.

Restorative stage - suppuration stops, the defect of the tympanic membrane closes (fusion of the edges), the hearing is restored within 2-3 weeks.

General principles of diagnosis

In most cases, the diagnosis of acute otitis media does not cause difficulties. High-tech research methods are needed infrequently, the ear is well visible to the eye. The doctor examines the tympanic membrane with a head reflector (a mirror with a hole in the middle) through the ear funnel or a special optical device - the otoscope.

An interesting device for the diagnosis of otitis was developed by the famous corporation Apple. It is an oscopic attachment for the camera phone. It is assumed that with the help of this gadget, parents will be able to photograph the baby's eardrum (or their own) and send photos for consultation to their doctor.

Diagnosis of external otitis media

Examining the ear of a patient suffering from external otitis, the doctor sees redness of the skin, narrowing of the auditory canal and the presence of liquid secretions in its lumen. The degree of narrowing of the ear canal is such that the tympanic membrane is not visible at all. When inflammation of the external ear of other examinations except for the inspection is usually not necessary.

Diagnosis of otitis media and labyrinthitis

In acute inflammation of the middle ear, the main way to establish a diagnosis is also an examination. The main signs that make it possible to diagnose "acute otitis media" are reddening of the tympanic membrane, limitation of its mobility, and the presence of perforation.

• How is the mobility of the tympanic membrane checked?

People are asked to inflate their cheeks without opening their mouths, that is, "blowing their ears". This reception is called the maneuver of Valsalva, named after the Italian anatomist, who lived at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. It is widely used by divers and divers to equalize the pressure in the drum cavity in deep water descent.

When a jet of air enters the middle ear cavity, the eardrum moves slightly and this is noticeable with the eye. If the drum cavity is filled with inflammatory fluid, no air will enter it and the eardrum will not move. After the appearance of suppuration from the ear, the doctor can observe the presence of perforation in the tympanic membrane.

• Audiometry

Sometimes to determine the nature of the disease may need audiometry (hearing on the apparatus) or tympanometry (measurement of pressure inside the ear). However, these methods of hearing tests are more often used in chronic otitis media.

The diagnosis of the labyrinthitis is usually made when the acuteness of the middle otitis suddenly sharply decreases acuteness of the hearing and dizziness appears. Audiometry in this situation is mandatory. You also need an examination of a neurologist and an oculist.

• CT and X-ray

The need for X-ray studies occurs when there is a suspicion of complications of the disease - mastoiditis or intracranial infection. Fortunately, such cases are rare. In a situation where complications are suspected, a computer tomography of the temporal bones and brain is usually performed.

• Bacterial sowing

Do I need a smear to determine the bacterial flora? A unequivocal answer to this question is not easy. The problem is that, due to the peculiarities of bacterial culture, the response of this examination will be received 6-7 days after the removal of the smear, that is, by the time when the otitis is almost gone. Moreover, with a medium otitis without a perforation, a smear is useless, since the microbes are behind the tympanic membrane.

And yet a smear is better to do. In the event that the application of the first-line drug does not bring recovery, after receiving the results of a bacterial study, treatment can be adjusted.

Treatment of external otitis media

The main treatment for external otitis media in adults is ear drops. If a person does not have immunodeficiency (HIV infection, diabetes mellitus), antibiotics in tablets are usually not needed.

Ear drops can contain only an antibacterial drug or be combined - have an antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory substance. The course of treatment takes 5-7 days. Most often for the therapy of external otitis media apply:

Antibiotics:

• Ciprofarm (Ukraine, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride)
• Normax (100-140 rubles, norfloxacin)
• Otofa (170-220 rubles, rifamycin)

Corticosteroids + antibiotics:

• Sophradex (170-220 rub., Dexamethasone, Framicetin, gramicidin)
• Candybiotic (210-280 rub., Beclomethasone, lidocaine, clotrimazole, Chloramphenicol)

Antiseptic:

• Miramistin (250-280 rubles, with a nebulizer)

The last two drugs also have antifungal properties. If the external otitis has a fungal origin, antifungal ointments are actively used: clotrimazole (Candide), natamycin (Pimafucin, Pimafucort).

In addition to ear drops, the doctor can recommend an ointment with the active substance Mupirocin (Bactroban 500-600 rub, Supirocin 300 rubles) for the treatment of external otitis media. It is important that the drug does not have a negative effect on the normal skin microflora, and there are data on the activity of mupirocin against fungi.

Treatment of otitis media and labyrinthitis in adults

Antibiotic therapy

The main treatment for middle otitis media is an antibiotic. However, the treatment of otitis antibiotics in adults is another controversial issue of modern medicine. The fact is that with this disease is very high percentage of self-recovery - more than 90%.

There was a period of time in the late 20th century, when on a wave of enthusiasm antibiotics were prescribed to almost all patients with otitis. However, it is now considered permissible the first two days after the onset of pain to dispense with antibiotics. If after two days there is no tendency to improve, then an antibacterial drug is already prescribed. For all types of otitis media may be required for oral administration.

In this case, of course, the patient must be under medical supervision. The decision on the need for antibiotics is very responsible and should only be taken by a doctor. On the scales on the one hand, the possible side effects of antibiotic therapy, on the other - the fact that every year in the world of complications of otitis deaths of 28 thousand people.

The main antibiotics, which are used in the treatment of otitis media in adults:

• Amoxicillin - Ospamox, Flemoxin, Amosin, Ecobol, Flemoxin solute
• Aamoxicillin with clavulanic acid - Augmentin, Flemoclav, Ecoclav
• Cefuroxime - Zinnat, Aksetin, Zinacef, Cefurus and other drugs.

The course of antibiotic therapy should be 7-10 days.

Ear drops

Ear drops are also widely prescribed for inflammation of the middle ear. It is important to remember that there is a fundamental difference between drops, which are prescribed before the perforation of the tympanic membrane and after its appearance. Let me remind you, the sign of perforation is the appearance of suppuration.

Before the appearance of perforation, droplets with an analgesic effect are prescribed. These include drugs such as:

• Otinum - (150-190 rub) - choline salicylate
• Otipaks (220 rubles), Otirelaks (140 rubles) - lidocaine and phenazone
• Otizol - phenazone, benzocaine, phenylephrine hydrochloride

Drops with an antibiotic does not make any sense to dig in this phase, as the inflammation goes behind the impenetrable eardrum for them.

After the appearance of the perforation, the pain passes and it is no longer possible to drip painkillers, as they can damage the sensitive cells of the cochlea. When a perforation occurs, access for drops inside the middle ear appears, so you can instill drops containing an antibiotic. However, ototoxic antibiotics (gentamicin, Framicetinum, Neomycin, Polymyxin B), preparations containing phenazone, alcohols or choline salicylate can not be used.

Drops with an antibiotic, the use of which is acceptable in the treatment of otitis in adults: "Tsiprofarm "Normaks "Otofa "Miramistin" and others.

Paracentesis or tympanotomy

In some situations with inflammation of the middle ear may need a small surgical intervention - paracentesis (or tympanotomy) of the tympanic membrane. It is believed that the need for paracentesis arises, if the background of antibiotic therapy for three days, the pain still continues to bother the person. Paracentesis is performed under local anesthesia: a special incision in the tympanic membrane makes a small incision through which pus begins to exit. This incision is beautifully overgrown after the cessation of suppuration.

Treatment of labyrinthitis is a complex medical problem and is conducted in a hospital under the control of an ENT doctor and neurologist. In addition to antibiotic therapy, funds are needed to improve microcirculation inside the cochlea, neuroprotective drugs (protecting the nervous tissue from damage).

Prevention of otitis

Preventive measures for external otitis are the thorough drying of the ear canal after bathing. Also, avoid traumatizing the ear canal - do not use keys and pins as an ear instrument.

For people who often suffer from inflammation of the external ear, there are drops based on olive oil, which protect the skin when swimming in a pond, for example, "Vaxol".

Prevention of otitis media consists of general strengthening measures - hardening, vitamin therapy, administration of immunomodulators (drugs that improve immunity). It is also important to treat diseases of the nose in a timely manner, which are the main causative factor in inflammation of the middle ear.

zdravotvet.ru

Internal otitis media: symptoms characteristic of the disease

Internal otitis (another name is labyrinthitis) is a disorder that occurs as a result of an infection that affects the tissues of the inner ear. Inflammation of the inner ear disrupts the transmission of sensory information from the ear to the brain.

• Often a labyrinth appears due to viral diseases such as sinusitis, influenza, etc. Less often - against the background of measles, mumps or glandular fever. Viral labyrinthitis affects women more often than men.
• Sometimes the cause is a bacterial infection or ear damage due to a head injury.

The labyrinth is in the depth of the ear, where it joins the skull. It includes the so-called "snail responsible for hearing and a fluid-filled vestibular apparatus responsible for the balance.

If internal otitis occurs, the symptoms can be as follows:

• Light or severe dizziness.
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Sensation of instability.
• Noise in ears.
• Partial or total hearing loss in the patient ear.
• "Flicker" in the eyes.
• Violation of concentration of attention.

Sometimes the symptoms can be so severe that it affects the ability to climb or walk. These symptoms are often provoked or worse when a person moves his head, sits down, lies down, or looks up.

Symptoms of internal otitis may continue for several days or even weeks, depending on the cause and severity of the disease. Sometimes within a week after recovery, the symptoms of the disease still appear. So, people who have undergone the labyrinthine should be attentive while driving, working at a height or performing other responsible and hard work.

It is worth noting

Very rarely, the disease of the inner ear can last a lifetime, as in the case of Meniere's disease. In this case, the patient is concerned about tinnitus and hearing loss with dizziness.

If the bacterial infection was the cause of the disease, the risk of constant hearing loss is high enough. The injured body can not recover, but the brain compensates for the damage by learning to "tune" the conflicting information received from both ears.

If the symptoms of otitis media have been caused by a viral infection, a full recovery is more likely.

Chronic otitis media of the inner ear and its symptoms

After a period of gradual recovery, which can last several weeks, some people are completely cured of the labyrinthitis.

However, some people suffer from chronic dizziness if the virus has damaged the vestibular nerve.

Many people with chronic labyrinthitis find it difficult to describe their symptoms and often appear to look healthy, while feeling ill.

Not knowing the symptoms of the otitis of the inner ear, they can observe that everyday activities become tedious or uncomfortable.

For example, patients with chronic labyrinthitis are difficult:

• go shopping;
• work on computer;
• be in the crowd;
• stand in the shower with closed eyes;
• Turn your head to talk with another person at the dinner table.

Symptoms of chronic labyrinthitis include:

• Abnormal movement sensation (dizziness). In contrast to acute labyrinthitis, dizziness occurs after a few minutes.
• The difficulty of focusing the eye due to involuntary movements by them.
• Hearing loss in one ear.
• Loss of balance.
• Illness and vomiting.
• Pinging or other noises in the ears.

Some people find it difficult to work because of a constant sense of disorientation, as well as difficulties with concentration and thinking.

If due to otitis media of the inner ear symptoms such as dizziness or instability persist for several months, the doctor may suggest vestibular exercises (a form of physical therapy) for evaluation and retraining of the ability of the brain to adapt to the vestibular instability. As a rule, thanks to such exercises, the brain can adapt to the changed signals coming to it from the ear as a result of the labyrinthite.

Diagnosis of internal ear disease in children and its symptoms

Labyrinthitis, though rare, but still found in children. Disease, as a rule, reaches the inner ear with the help of one of three ways:

• Bacteria can penetrate from the middle ear or from the meninges.
• Viruses, such as those that cause mumps, measles and signs of angina in a child, can reach the inner ear. The rubella virus can also cause labyrinthitis in children.
• The disease can provoke toxins, swelling in the ear, excessively high doses of medication or allergies.

When the disease of the inner ear symptoms in children are as follows:

• Dizziness and hearing loss, along with a sensation of ringing in the ears. Dizziness is due to the fact that the inner ear controls a sense of balance, as well as hearing.
• Some children complain of vestibular disorders (nausea, vomiting) and spontaneous eye movements in the direction unaffected by the ear disease.
• Bacterial labyrinthitis can cause secretions from the infected ear.

If any of the above symptoms occur, you should consult a specialist.

Diagnosis of labyrinthitis is based on a combination of symptoms of the internal ear disease and medical history, especially the history of recent infection of the upper respiratory tract. The doctor will check the child's hearing and, possibly, will prescribe tests such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to exclude other possible causes of dizziness (for example, tumor).

If it is assumed that the bacterium is the cause of the labyrinthitis, a blood test or any fluid that flows from the ear will be assigned. This is necessary to determine which type of bacteria is present.

gajmorit.com

Otitis of the ear: types of otitis and causes of development

• Otitis in children
• Otitis in adults
• Treatment

Ear Otitis is an ENT disease of the hearing organ, characterized by an inflammation of one of the ear sections connected together.

The reasons for the development of otitis media can be very different, ranging from mechanical damage and improper personal hygiene, to serious complications arising from acute respiratory infections, influenza and colds.

Few people know, but even a common runny nose in neglected form can become the beginning not only of maxillary sinusitis, but also of otitis media.

Let us consider in more detail what otitis media are and what types of this disease are encountered.

The structure of the human ear is divided into three interconnected parts, which bear the following names:

• external ear;
• middle ear;
• inner ear.

Depending on the specific part of the body the inflammatory process is taking place, in medicine it is customary to distinguish three types of otitis:

• outer;
• average;
• interior.

Ear canitis: symptoms of the disease in children

Otitis in children (see the photo on the left) occurs much more often than otitis in adults whose symptoms are identical. First of all, this is due to the not fully developed structure of individual tissues and parts of the hearing organ.

Also, the symptoms of otitis media (also called inflammation of the middle ear) are observed in children with reduced immunity or due to complications of viral, colds, flu.

As already noted above, the disease is divided into three types. For each type of otitis, adults and children have their own symptoms and signs.

Whenexternal otitis media, the causes of which are often violations of the rules of personal hygiene of the child, microtrauma of the shell of the ear, internal boils, observed:

• elevated body temperature (up to 39 ° C);
• chills;
• the child's refusal to eat;
• capriciousness and irritability;
• poor sleep;
• unreasonable crying;
• puffiness and redness of the auricle;
• the appearance of small bubbles on the skin around the ear;
• pain in ear is constant or when touching;
• an increase in parotid lymph nodes.

Medication

Amoxicillin Otipax Ceftriaxone Azithromycin Dioxydin Protargol Polidexa Dimexide Levomecol Flemoxin Solutab Sumamed Otofa Miramistin Otipax

Whenaverage otitis, which most often occurs against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, as well as in children with low immunity, the following symptomatic pattern is observed:

• earache;
• continuous crying;
• lack of sleep;
• the child's desire to rub or scratch his ear (rub on the pillow);
• refusal of food;
• painful reaction when pressing on the tragus (outer cartilage of the auricle);
• elevated temperature;
• lethargy;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• purulent discharge from the ear, possibly with an admixture of blood (with a purulent form of acute otitis media).

Wheninternal otitis, manifested much less frequently than the two previous forms, but it is much more dangerous than them as a result complications of otitis media or against the background of a general serious infectious disease are characterized by the following symptoms:

• elevated temperature;
• noise in ears;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• loss of balance;
• hearing loss.

Diagnosis of the symptoms of the disease will be helped by the characteristic symptoms of otitis of the ear, but this does not give the right to self-medicate. At the first manifestations of inflammation of the middle ear, it is necessary to seek help from an otolaryngologist, who, based on a real clinical picture, will prescribe the right treatment.

Symptoms of a cold in the ear in adults

Unlike children, otic otitis, the symptoms of which are known to many of us since childhood, in adulthood happen much less often and is mainly the result of hypothermia, violations of personal hygiene and complications after a viral cold diseases.

Species of otitis

Middle ear External Sharp Bilateral Allergic Outward diffuse Perforating Inside Child Eustachyte

It is much easier to diagnose an individual's disease in an adult than a child in the first place, because he can describe in detail the whole picture, including the power of pain in the ears. This will help determine the severity of the disease.

However, only the doctor can make a final verdict and prescribe the appropriate treatment for otitis media of the middle ear, after having undergone proper examination with the help of special ENT instruments.

Characterize the adult otitis as a cold of the ear, its symptoms are similar to children's:

• congestion of the ears and hearing loss;
• acute or aching pain in the ears;
• elevated temperature (not mandatory);
• headaches and dizziness;
• pains that give to the neck, teeth, whiskey, forehead;
• weakness and general malaise;
• nausea and vomiting.

In order to avoid the occurrence of such diseases of the ear, proper preventive maintenance should be carried out, and then the pain in the ears will not bother you or your children.

How and how to treat otitis media - doctor's prescriptions and recipes of folk medicine

How to treat an otitis of an ear the doctor the otolaryngologist defines, having established a kind and a degree of disease.

Treatment of otitis media

Treatment of otitis externa Treatment of otitis media of the middle ear Treatment of purulent otitis Ear drops Ear pills Antibiotics Ear wax Ear candles In adults In children In pregnant women

In any case, first of all, drug therapy is aimed at the destruction of bacteria that contribute to the development of otitis media. It is done with the help of antibiotics, and selected such drugs that can not only to eliminate the bacterial damage of the body, but also easily penetrate into the ear drum cavity to the hearth disease.

The most commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of otitis media- Tsifran, Flemoklav, Solyutab.

As a local treatment, special ear drops-antiseptics are used, most often in the ENT practice, the old-fashioned method uses a solution of boric acid.

However, there are a number of other similar drugs of a new generation that can easily cope with infections.

In addition, such drops often include anesthesia, which helps to significantly reduce and eliminate pain.

Some of the best ear drops from otitis are Sophradex, Otipax, Otinum, Garazon.

In combination with ear drops in otitis, otolaryngologists often prescribe vasoconstrictive drops in the nose (Naphthyzine, Nazol, Galazolin, Otrivin and etc.), thanks to which it is possible to remove swelling of the mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube and thereby reduce the load on the eardrum.

In addition to drops in the nose in the complex can be appointed and antihistamines (antiallergic) funds, pursuing the same goal - removing the edema of the mucosa. These can be tablets of Suprastin, Diazolinum, Loratadina, etc.

If there is an increased body temperature, which often causes otitis media, mandatory prescribed antipyretic drugs, which are also able to partially relieve or reduce pain in the ears. The most safe and effective remedy for temperature is Paracetamol.

Attention!

All of the above drugs used to treat otitis media can not be regarded as a guide to action. The question, than to treat an ear otitis independently, should not stand at all. Treatment of this disease, like most other things, can only take place under the guidance of a qualified doctor.

With a timely visit to the otolaryngologist and the exact observance of all prescriptions, the ear otitis passes quickly enough without leaving any consequences.

How to treat otitis with folk remedies

In addition to drug therapy, there are many ways of alternative treatment of otitis media. I must say that such methods are acceptable for use and are mostly of an auxiliary nature. However, it should not be forgotten that people's prescriptions can be used only after consulting a doctor and in no case should they self-medicate to avoid complications and irreversible consequences.

Folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies Home treatment Camphor alcohol Geranium Hydrogen peroxide Tincture of propolis Tincture Calendula Furacil Alcohol Washing the Ear Aloe Boric Acid Warming Up the Compress on the Ear Blowing the Hearing Pipes

Depending on the form and degree of the disease, otitis symptoms are accompanied by different symptoms, on the basis of which various recipes of folk medicine are applied.

Recipe number 1.For example, to reduce tinnitus and prevent the development of otitis, it is recommended to chew buds of fragrant cloves or cook on based on the broth, observing the proportions of 15 grams of cloves 100 grams of hot water and take it on a teaspoon 2-3 times throughout day.

Recipe number 2.With hearing loss after otitis, it is recommended to brew and drink tea from rose petals (red) for two weeks, which will help restore hearing in a short time.

Recipe number 3.To cure otitis externa, one should take the root of elecampane, incinerate it on fire, and then grind it in a coffee grinder and mix it with a small amount of lamb fat. Lubricate the prepared earwax with otitis shell to complete recovery.

Recipe number 4.To reduce the symptoms of acute otitis will help tincture of nightshade sweet and bitter. To make it, you need to take 2 tablespoons of chopped grass and pour 100 grams of vodka. Insist for a week, then inject into your ear soaked in a means of cotton turuns 2-3 times a day.

You can also cook the infusion. To do this, pour a tablespoon of herbs with a glass of boiling water. Insist for an hour and apply as in the case of tincture, in the form of embedded turundas.

Recipe number 5.To reduce severe pain in the ears with otitis will help glycerin with alcohol. It is necessary to combine the two ingredients in equal proportions (:), moisten the turunda in this mixture and lay it in the diseased ear.

The recipe number 6.When asked how and how to treat ear inflammation, many will give an unambiguous answer - dry heat.

This is really an effective method for acute otitis, which is widely used in medicine (blue lamp, UHF).

It can also be used in the home if the ear is inflamed. To do this, take ordinary table salt, heat it in a clean dry frying pan and fill it in a linen bag.

Through an additional folded in several times the tissue, the patient's ear should be heated for 30 minutes.

It is important to know

You can not heat your ears with the help of dry heat at an elevated body temperature and purulent secretions from the auricles.

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gajmorit.com

Treatment of otitis in adults. Effective treatment of otitis

Otitis is an inflammatory ear disease. In order to understand why the disease occurs and what processes are taking place, consider the anatomical structure of the hearing organ and the process by which it perceives information.

Ear structure

The human ear has a very complex structure, which can be divided into three sections: the outer, middle and inner ear. The outer ear is the auricle, which perceives sound waves, directing them into the external auditory canal. The outer and middle ear are separated by a tympanic membrane, which conditionally represents a hymen or a film.

The middle ear is a cavity, a space in the temporal bone with three hearing bones located in it - a hammer, an anvil and a staple. It should be noted that the middle ear is closely related to the nasopharynx. Functionally, bones strengthen the received sound vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear. The inner ear is a labyrinth of membranes in the stony section of the temporal bone with many bends filled with liquid. The vibrations coming from the middle ear are transferred to a liquid that already affects the receptors. So information is transmitted to the brain in the form of nerve impulses.

The concept, types of otitis. Causes

Otitis is a disease that can develop in any of the three parts of the ear, depending on the place in which the inflammatory process occurs, distinguish:

1. Otitis of the external ear.
2. Otitis of the middle ear.
3. Inflammation of the inner ear (or labyrinthitis).

Causes that contribute to the onset of the disease or aggravate its course, many, but the main ones include:

• diseases of the nasopharynx, leading to swelling and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the middle ear;
• diseases that suppress and weaken the immune system (influenza, measles);
• supercooling;
• getting into the ear of cold water;
• trauma and various injuries of the tympanic membrane, which may cause infection in the middle ear cavity;
• genetic predisposition.

By nature, the causative agent causing the disease, otitis is divided into:

1. Viral.
2. Bacterial.
3. Fungal.

Let us consider in more detail the inflammatory processes that occur in each of the three parts of the human ear, the symptoms and possible complications of otitis.

External otitis media. Classification. Symptoms

External otitis is an inflammation of the skin of the auricle along with the external auditory canal, which is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. There are two types of external otitis media: limited and diffuse.

In most cases, limited inflammation is represented by furunculosis - the formation of boils. Furuncle - acute purulent process of the sebaceous gland or hair follicle, caused by pyogenic bacteria. If there are favorable factors in the human body, including chronic infection, diabetes mellitus, local trauma and skin contamination, insect bites, staphylococcal microflora begins to actively provoke the inflammatory process.

Sometimes the disease is a complication of a previous flu or may be caused by an allergic reaction to medications. Signs of external otitis are itching; pain that occurs when touching an inflamed ear; redness and swelling of the skin of the external auditory canal, or auricle; sometimes the temperature may rise body. Hearing, as a rule, while not suffering.

Spilled otitis externa is an inflammation of the external ear, which very often can spread to the eardrum.

According to the duration of the disease, the external otitis is classified into acute and chronic. The latter is a consequence of the lack of treatment or incorrect treatment of the acute form of the disease.

Otitis of the external ear is considered to be the mildest type of disease in comparison with otitis media of the middle ear and internal otitis media and often does not lead to serious complications, although sometimes it can cause an increase in the lymph nodes system. Inflammation of the mucosa grows into a malignant form (tissue necrosis) in the presence of a person associated with severe functional diseases (diabetes) or the virus of immunodeficiency. But such cases, fortunately, are rare.

Otitis media. Classification and symptoms

Of all forms of otitis, both in children and adults, inflammation of the middle ear is most common. As noted earlier, the nature of the disease can be bacterial and viral. Among the bacteria, the main pathogens are streptococci or a hemophilic rod. To viruses that cause inflammation, you can include rhinovirus, influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus.

The first signs of inflammation of the middle ear are pulsating, shooting or aching pains in the organ, which are intensified by swallowing, sneezing or coughing. Characteristic for this disease is also noise in the ear, weakness, sleep disorder, lack of appetite, severe deterioration of hearing.

In general, the inflammation of the middle ear is the result of a previous cold or flu, in which the immunity decreases and the number of bacteria in the nasal cavity increases. The nasal cavity is connected with the middle ear by the auditory tube, in which liquid and various microorganisms accumulate, which trigger the onset of the inflammatory process. The tympanic membrane undergoes pressure and expands in volumes to the outside, which causes pain.

The course of the disease can be different in speed of development, as well as in duration, according to what distinguish:

1. Acute otitis media (the ear accumulates fluid). This is the reason for the audibility of your own voice in your head.
2. Chronic otitis (the ear is filled with pus).

Acute otitis media. Forms

If the inflammatory process is classified according to the nature of the course (clinical picture), then the otitis can be catarrhal or purulent, thus, the development of the disease undergoes three stages - acute catarrhal otitis, acute purulent otitis and stage recovery.

Acute catarrhal otitis is an inflammatory process associated with the localization of fluid in the middle ear cavity. For this form of the disease, in addition to pain and increased body temperature (38-39 ° C), reddening and swelling of the tympanic membrane, ear congestion are characteristic. The patients note that they hear their own voice in the head during the conversation.

The appearance of foci of pus and its accumulation in the cavity of the middle ear is acute purulent otitis. Treatment for the first 2-3 days is not carried out, because as usual during this period, the eardrum ruptures and the pus outward. In this case, the patient becomes better, the body temperature returns to normal, the pain stops. In addition to pus, blood and serous discharge can be observed. If the course of the disease passes without complications, then the third stage comes in - a recovery stage.

With the onset of the reconstructive stage, the inflammatory process decreases, the suppression stops and a progressive tightening of the damaged membrane occurs. If the treatment of otitis in adults passes in accordance with the appointments and under the supervision of a specialist, then recovery occurs in 2-3 weeks. By this time, the rumor, as a rule, is fully restored.

Chronic otitis media. Stages of

If untimely or insufficient treatment, acute otitis becomes chronic. Otitis chronic is an inflammatory process, which is characterized by a permanent or recurrent suppuration from the ear. This type of otitis, in addition to already known symptoms, such as: high fever, itching, deterioration of the general condition, there are inherent complications in the form of hearing loss and persistent perforation of the drum webbeds. Usually the chronic course of the disease is a consequence of previous sinusitis or acute purulent otitis media. In some cases, this form of otitis occurs as a result of rupture (or perforation) of the tympanic membrane or curvature of the nasal septum after the injury. Depending on the localization of the perforation, and also on its size, three stages of chronic otitis are distinguished:

1. Tubotympanal otitis (mesotympanitis).
2. Epimezotimpanit.
3. Epitimpanitis.

With tubotimponal form of otitis, the violation of the tympanic membrane occurs, as a rule, in the central part, and the pathology is manifested by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the tympanic cavity. Inflammation does not affect bone tissue.

Epimezotimpanit - a stage of chronic otitis, in which there is extensive perforation of the tympanic membrane, the damage affects its upper and middle divisions.

Epitimpanoanthral form of otitis is characterized by rupture of the upper, most pliable and fragile areas of the membrane. This stage of the disease, as well as epimezotimpanit, is dangerous by the occurrence of pathological processes associated with the formation of granulomas, polyps and cholesteatoma - a capsule filled and surrounded purulent particles of the epidermis, which, constantly expanding, presses on the tympanic membrane, destroys the bone component of the middle ear and opens the "road" to the purulent process in the inner ear.

In addition, there is another form of inflammatory process - bilateral otitis - a disease that simultaneously affects the hearing organ from both sides.

If we consider the existing complications of the disease, the perforation of the tympanic membrane is the most common. With prolonged accumulation of pus there is an increase in pressure in the middle ear, resulting in the membrane becoming thinner. There is a risk of its rupture (perforation). To prevent the transition of the inflammatory process to the stage of internal otitis and to avoid subsequent development of serious pathologies, it is necessary to resort to the puncture of the tympanic membrane surgically, and not to wait for the moment when this happens spontaneously.

Inflammation of the inner ear. Symptoms

Internal otitis has another name - labyrinthitis is a disease that occurs less frequently in comparison with otitis of the external and middle ear, but is the most dangerous in terms of the threat to health and life rights. Purulent processes that affect bone tissue can cause severe complications, for example, meningitis (inflammatory process in the brain envelopes) or sepsis (blood infection due to falling into the her pus). As a rule, the internal otitis media is the result of complications of previous otitis media, or the consequences of a serious infectious disease. High body temperature, severe headache and vomiting, loss of balance - these are all symptoms of internal otitis, in which it is necessary to seek help from a specialist as soon as possible. In addition, with such forms of the disease, there is a sharp deterioration of the hearing until its complete loss.

In order to make an accurate diagnosis and, consequently, to prescribe the correct treatment regimen for the patient, doctors resort to otorhinolaryngological examination and laboratory tests.

Diagnosis of otitis. Surveys and studies

Laboratory diagnostics is carried out mainly in order to establish the nature of the origin of otitis - bacteriological or virologic. With the serological reaction of blood serum and polymerase chain reaction, antibodies to pathogens are detected. Also, the results of a general blood test will show the presence or absence of an inflammatory process in the body.

The basic instrumental methods of otitis diagnosis:

• Tympanocenosis is the study of fluid obtained by surgical puncture of the membrane. The procedure allows you to determine the antibiotic needed to fight a particular type of infection, but in practice it is not often used.
• Tympanometry - checking the mobility of the tympanic membrane.
• Otoscopy - examination of the tympanic membrane and auditory passage by means of an otoscope.
• Audiometry is the definition of hearing acuity when suspected of reducing it.
• Computer tomography of the brain and skull structure (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - are used in case of suspicion of suppurative inflammatory processes and intracranial complications, help to diagnose the formation of various pathologies - polyps, cholesteanomas and so on.

Conservative treatment of otitis in adults

To avoid the development of complications and to achieve recovery with minimal waste of time and effort, otitis should be treated in a timely manner, in fact, like any other disease. For each form of the inflammatory process, a special treatment is provided, with its own procedures and medical preparations.

Otitis of the external ear is treated out-patient, with the use of drops, which contain an antibiotic. Sometimes antibiotics can be prescribed together with corticosteroids or antihistamines, if the disease is caused by an allergic reaction. There are also procedures for washing the ear canal with an antiseptic solution. If this therapy does not lead to recovery or is not possible due to severe edema of the ear canal and face cellulite, oral medications are prescribed. At elevated body temperature, antipyretic agents are used, as well as analgesics if pain syndrome is present. In rare cases, with the formation of purulent inflammation of the external ear tissues, surgical intervention can be indicated.

Elimination of inflammation in the middle ear in the normal course of the disease is outpatient. Treatment of otitis in adults is performed with the appointment of antibiotics, antiseptics and bed rest. To reduce the painful syndrome, a warm 96% alcohol is used as a drop (this procedure is contraindicated in suppuration). For topical administration, physiotherapy is prescribed, it is also possible to use a blue lamp. It will be superfluous and warming the compress in otitis (alcohol, vodka or based on camphor oil), which should be kept no more than 3-4 hours. It must also be remembered that you can not put a compress at an elevated body temperature.

If the disease does not go without complications, then the patient will show signs of acute otitis - the purulent otitis will develop. Treatment can be continued with the help of antibiotics or by surgical intervention.

Surgical intervention

Sometimes it happens that conservative treatment of otitis in adults does not lead to an improvement in the patient's condition. In such situations, a surgical dissection of the tympanostomy is performed. This manipulation makes it possible to avoid complications, since the puncture is done at a favorable and correct point, pus goes out through a specially installed tube, and the pain syndrome decreases, and recovery comes faster. In addition, the biomaterial (festering isolates) is subject to a laboratory bacteriological study for sensitivity to antibiotics. If, after the performed procedures, the acuity of hearing is not restored, purges and pneumatic massage can be prescribed.

There are cases when there is a natural rupture of the tympanic membrane. This is observed mainly with inflammation of the middle ear and requires immediate surgical intervention.

With tubotimponal form of otitis, the task of surgical treatment is restoring the integrity of the tympanoplasty using tympanoplasty using its own cartilage.

Epitimpanoanthral form of otitis is associated with destruction of bone tissue. In such a course of the disease, the goal of surgical intervention is to remove bone pathology and restore the tympanic membrane using prostheses made of inert materials (titanium).

Internal otitis is the result of ineffective treatment of otitis media and is dangerous due to purulent complications with damage to the membranes of the brain. Therefore, in such forms of the disease, hospitalization of the patient with further surgical care is necessary.

It should be remembered that prevention is always better than treatment. Prevention of otitis can be the timely elimination of foci of infection within the body (caries, sinusitis), as well as the elimination of hypothermia. When the first signs of the disease appear, it is important to immediately seek medical help from specialists.

syl.ru

How does otitis media in the middle ear?

Ear pain can bother a person if they have otitis media. What is otitis media, what are the main symptoms and causes of the disease?

One of the main symptoms in otitis is acute pain in the ears. It can be so strong that the patient can not do without fast therapy. The age category of this disease is not defined, it occurs in both adults and children. The effect of treatment will depend entirely on the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to consult the otolaryngologist at the first signs of illness in order to avoid serious complications.

Types of otitis and signs

What is the nature of this disease? Osteitis develops ear inflammation. Since the ear consists of the outer, middle and inner ear, then the otitis can also be external, middle and inner. The otolaryngologist will determine the localization of the inflammation and will prescribe an emergency and qualitative treatment. Self-medication of otitis is inadmissible.

The later the patient begins treatment, the higher the likelihood that the otitis will go to a chronic form.For acute otitis characterized by rapid development of the disease with pronounced signs. With a chronic ailment, the symptoms are not as pronounced as when acute, but sometimes there are exacerbations.

Depending on the type (external, middle or internal otitis), the disease has various symptoms.

Acute otitis externa is not as common as the chronic form of the disease, and is characterized by the following symptoms:

• strong pain;
• obstruction of the ear;
• feeling of squeezing;
• noise in ears;
• itching;
• partial hearing loss.

External otitis can not be attributed to very dangerous diseases, since inflammation of the ear tissue or external auditory canal is easily treatable, and serious complications are occurs.

Symptoms and treatment of otitis media

The most common is otitis media. Inflammation in this case is localized in the central ear cavity. Symptoms of otitis media are almost identical to those of the external otitis. It is characterized by severe pain, partial loss of hearing, fever, sometimes from the ear can be allocated blood, which will indicate the rupture of the tympanic membrane.

Internal otitis is characterized by the defeat of some structures of the inner ear. Call such a form of otitis labyrinth. This form of the disease provokes a number of complications. The initial symptoms of the labyrinth appear no more than a week and a half after the transferred virus infection.

Symptoms that indicate the presence of a labyrinth:

• partial or complete hearing loss;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• rhythm of eye movements;
• loss or partial imbalance.

After an inflammation of the middle ear or due to pathological nasopharyngeal and auditory disorders, adhesive otitis may occur. It is also called cohesive. Adhesive disease of the middle ear does not provide for antibiotic therapy due to possible adhesive processes in the tympanum. When the tympanic membrane is perforated, dry perforated otitis develops.

With adhesive middle ear disease, there is a partial loss of hearing, this is one of the main symptoms, which is often added to the noise in the ears. The study of otoscopy allows to detect the thinning of the tympanic membrane, its scarring and the presence of calcareous deposits in it. At the same time, its mobility is significantly impaired.

At the initial stage of therapy, conservative treatment is performed in the form of pneumomassage, vibromassage, purging, diathermy, mud therapy and the introduction of proteolytic enzymes.

In more advanced cases, stapedoplastic or tympanoplastic surgery is required.

Causes of otitis media

The main causes of otitis are bacterial skin infections. Protection of the ear from the effects of microbes is promoted by a layer of sulfur secret. In conditions of its lack or excess, the pathogens of otitis multiply. Otitis develops due to trauma to the external passage when cleaning the ears with various objects. Inflammatory processes also develop due to microorganisms that have got into the body through damaged skin areas. Thus, external otitis develops.

Pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria provoke inflammation of the middle ear. These include staphylococci, pneumococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They penetrate through the auditory tube by airborne droplets or in more rare cases - hematogenous. The damaged eardrum also causes otitis media.

The causes of internal otitis (called labyrinth) have not yet been accurately established. Specialists only suggest that exposure to bacteria and infections, trauma and inflammation are the cause of the development of internal otitis media.

In infants, otitis develops due to a short and wide auditory tube, and this is facilitated by frequent horizontal positioning and regurgitation. Sometimes an otitis can occur in a child due to measles, scarlet fever, nasal mucosa pathologies and nasopharynx in the form of adenoid outgrowths, which contribute to the development of inflammation and transition to chronic stage.

How is treatment performed?

When otitis, the otolaryngologist appoints an individual complex therapy under his supervision. Treatment is carried out taking into account the severity of inflammation and complications. Moreover, the otolaryngologist takes into account the location of otitis for the purpose of appropriate treatment.

Thus, external otitis is treated by opening and removing pus using local anesthesia. For further treatment, the use of Normak drops, Levomecol ointments and other preparations is prescribed. If diffuse inflammation is detected, the ear is washed using disinfectant solutions. To reduce swelling, prescribe antihistamines, and to reduce the pain - Nurofen, Diclofenac and other means. Also, the doctor prescribes special ear drops to eliminate the causative agents of otitis media. It is mandatory to drink medicines that strengthen immunity.

If the patient is diagnosed with an inflammation of the middle ear, to prevent complications, he must be given complete rest. Depending on the severity of the disease and the number of lesions in the middle ear, either conservative therapy or operative therapy is used. For treatment use antibiotics, antipyretic and pain medications. It is necessary to periodically clean the ear of pus and rinse with special solutions for disinfection. Severe cases require hospitalization and surgical intervention. In the most difficult cases of internal otitis labyrinectomy is performed, in which a labyrinth from the inner ear is surgically removed. For further therapy, antibiotics are prescribed.

Additional recommendations and possible complications of the disease

When otitis patient should take a sick leave and comply with bed rest. Psychological and physical peace will help you recover faster. Self-medication can not be done, always follow only the recommendations of a doctor who will choose the right treatment tactics. Before addressing a doctor, you can only drink anesthetic and antipyretic medicine. Zinc allows to reduce the effect of inflammatory processes, and therefore it is desirable to include nuts and soy products in the diet. When otitis, you should not drink alcohol and it is undesirable - fatty and fried foods.

Before treatment with folk remedies, it is necessary to consult a doctor about their effectiveness. So, clove oil (1-2 drops) in some patients reduces swelling and pain syndrome. Often people use a decoction of bay leaves to dig in a few drops 3 times a day. Instructions are sometimes given to patients with aloe juice or garlic butter.

Incorrect or untimely therapy can lead to complications. Due to neglected otitis, the patient experiences hearing impairment, he periodically or constantly pus out of the ear. Having launched the disease, you can get such complications as:

• rupture of the tympanic membrane or its proliferation;
• abscess of the brain;
• disturbance of the auditory anvil, stapes or malleus;
• focal encephalitis;
• meningitis;
• defeat of the mastoid bone of the temple due to the effects of inflammation.

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These types of complications are dangerous not only for impaired functioning of the hearing system, but also can lead to a fatal outcome due to emerging brain diseases.

Prevention of ear inflammation

In order to prevent ear inflammation, prevention is necessary. The main recommendation here is the mandatory wearing of the headdress in cold weather. You can not overcool the body, inject deeply earthen wands into your ears and injure their ear canals. When swimming, you should try to protect your ears from getting water in them.

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Otitis is not always an independent disease, it occurs most often due to inflammations occurring in the nasopharynx. With constant sniffing of the nose, mucus passes through the eustachian tube into the tympanum. However, you can not blow your nose too, because the infection can get from nose to ear due to high blood pressure. Observing such recommendations and periodically visiting the otolaryngologist, it is possible to prevent the development of this unpleasant disease.

lor03.ru

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