Medications for Pneumonia in Adults List

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Antibiotics for pneumonia - the main component of the healing process. Lung inflammation begins acutely, with fever, a strong cough with brown or yellowish sputum, chest pains with coughing and breathing.

Treatment of pneumonia requires an urgent hospitalization of the patient in the therapeutic or resuscitation department (depending on the severity of the condition). Indicated bed rest, vitamin nutrition, and it is also important to consume a large amount of liquid - tea, juice, milk, mineral water.

Since inflammation of the lung tissue most often occurs due to specific microorganisms, the most correct way to fight the pathogen is the introduction of antibiotics intramuscularly and intravenously. This method of administration makes it possible to keep a high concentration of antibiotic in the blood, which contributes to the fight against bacteria. Most often, pneumonia is prescribed antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, since it is impossible to identify the pathogen immediately, and the slightest delay can cost lives.

In general, for the treatment of pneumonia, macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, spiramycin) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin). To increase the effectiveness of treatment, antibiotics are administered according to a special scheme. At the first stage, the antibiotic is administered parenterally - intramuscularly or intravenously, and then antibiotics are given in tablets.

Despite the wide choice of antibiotics in pharmacies, you should not self-medicate, but it is better to seek help from an experienced specialist, since antibiotics are selected strictly individually, based on the analysis of the causative agent of pneumonia. In addition, the treatment of pneumonia is based not only on antibiotic therapy, but includes several stages in the general treatment regimen.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be most effective is established laboratory. To do this, bacterial culture of sputum is done on a special medium, and depending on which colony of bacteria begins to develop, the causative agent is established. Then they make a test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics, and based on these results, the patient is assigned a specific group of antibacterial drugs. But, as the process of identifying the pathogen can take up to 10 days or more, at the initial stage of treatment of pneumonia, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics. To maintain the concentration of the drug in the blood, it is administered intravenously and intramuscularly, combining with anti-inflammatory, resorptive agents, vitamins, etc., for example:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae. In antipnevmokokkovoy therapy prescribed benzylpenicillin and aminopenicillin, derivatives of cephalosporins of the third generation, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone, macrolides.
• Haemophilus influenzae. With the detected hemophilic rod, aminopenicillins or amoxicillin are prescribed.
• Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics effective against Staphylococcus aureus - oxacillin, protected aminopenicillins, cephalosporins I and II generations.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antibiotics for the treatment of mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia are macrolides and tetracycline antibiotics, as well as fluoroquinolones.
• Legionella pneumophila. Antibiotic, effective against legionella - erythromycin, rifampicin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.
• Enterobacteriaceae spp. Antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia caused by klibsiella or E. coli are cephalosporins of the third generation.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics can be the reason for the selection of ineffective drugs or if the intake of antibacterial agents is not taken properly - an incorrect dosage, a violation of the regimen. In normal course, antibiotics are taken to normalize the temperature and then after 3 more days. In severe cases of pneumonia, treatment may take up to 4-6 weeks. If during this period the positive dynamics of the disease is not fixed, then the cause is in the wrong antibacterial treatment. In this case, a second analysis is performed on the bacteria, after which a course of correct antibacterial therapy is conducted. After full recovery and positive results of radiography, spa treatment, smoking cessation, and increased vitamin nutrition are indicated.

In the additional treatment with antibiotics after pneumonia, the patient may need to:

• Wrongly chosen antibiotic for treatment.
• Frequent change of antibiotics.

Also, antibiotic treatment after pneumonia may be necessary in the event of a recurrence of the disease. The reason for this - long-term treatment with antibiotics, depressing the defenses of the body. Also, a similar result arises from self-medication and uncontrolled administration of antibiotics at unidentified doses.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics should be carried out in a hospital, by systematic radiographic monitoring. If after 72 hours the clinical picture does not change or if during the treatment termination the focus of inflammation on the x-ray image does not decrease, a repeated course of treatment is shown, but already with another antibiotic, consultation of the phthisiatrician is also necessary.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults are prescribed depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the condition. Pneumonia is most often caused by a variety of bacteria, less often fungi and protozoa. At the first stage of treatment, up to the final results, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed, and also the patient, whether he had previously had pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic bronchitis, is not a smoker. In addition, in elderly patients, pathogens differ from similar cases in younger patients.

If the prescribed drug is ineffective and until the bacteriological analysis of sputum is obtained, the recommended antibiotic should not be changed within 3 days. This is the minimum time frame for the antibiotic concentration in the blood to reach its maximum, and it began to act on the lesion site.

• Inflammation of the lungs in patients under 60 years with a mild course appoint Avelox 400 mg per day (or Tavanik 500 mg per day) - 5 days, with him Doxycycline (2 tablets per day - the first day, the rest days - 1 tablet) - 10-14 days. You can take Avelox 400 mg and Amoxiclav 625 mg * 2 times a day - 10-14 days.
• A patient under 60 years old, with a major illness and other chronic diseases, also a patient over 60 years old appoint Avelox 400 mg plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram 2 times a day for at least 10 days.
• Severe course of pneumonia at any age. A combination of Levofloxacin or Tavanic, intravenously plus Ceftriaxone 2 grams twice a day or Fortum, Cefepime in the same doses intramuscularly or intravenously is recommended. It is possible to administer Sumamed intravenously plus Fortum intramuscularly.
• In extremely severe pneumonia, when the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit, appoint: combination of Sumamed and Tavanik (Leflotsin), Fortum and Tavanik, Targotsida and Meronem, Sumamed and Meronem.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children begin to enter immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis. Obligatory admission to therapy or in a complex current in the intensive care unit are children, if:

• The child's age is less than two months, regardless of the degree of severity and localization of the inflammatory process in the lungs.
• A child up to three years old, diagnosed with lobar pneumonia.
• The child is up to five years old, the diagnosis is the loss of more than one lobe of the lung.
• Children with a history of encephalopathy.
• A child up to a year old, a confirmed fact of intrauterine infection.
• Children with congenital defects of the heart muscle and circulatory system.
• Children with chronic diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, with diabetes mellitus and malignant blood diseases.
• Children from families who are registered with social services.
• Children from orphanages, from families with insufficient social and living conditions.
• The hospitalization of children with non-compliance with medical recommendations and treatment at home is indicated.
• Children with severe pneumonia.

With mild bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics from the penicillin group, both natural and synthetic, are indicated. Natural antibiotics: benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and others. Semisynthetic penicillins are commonly divided into isoxazolylpenicillins (oxacillin), aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin), carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin), ureidopenicillins (azlocillin, piperacillin).

The described scheme of antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in children is prescribed until the results of bacterial analysis and detection of the pathogen. After identifying the pathogen further treatment is prescribed by the doctor strictly individually.

Names of antibiotics for pneumonia

The names of antibiotics for pneumonia indicate which group the drug belongs to: ampicillin - oxacillin, ampiox, piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cephalosporins - claforan, cephobid, etc. For the treatment of pneumonia in modern medicine are used as synthetic and semi-synthetic, and natural antibiotics. Some types of antibiotics act selectively, only on a certain type of bacteria, and some on a fairly wide range of pathogens. It is with antibiotics of a wide spectrum and it is customary to start antibacterial treatment of pneumonia.

Rules for prescribing antibiotics for pneumonia:

An antibacterial preparation with a wide spectrum of action is prescribed, proceeding from the course of the disease, the color of expectorated sputum.

• Conduct BAC sputum analysis to identify the pathogen, put the test on the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics.
• Prescribe a scheme of antibiotic therapy based on the results of the analysis. In this case, take into account the severity of the disease, the effectiveness, the likelihood of complications and allergies, possible contraindications, the rate of absorption of the drug in the blood, the time of excretion from the body. Most often, two antibacterial drugs are prescribed, for example, an antibiotic group of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Hospital pneumonia is treated with amoxicillin, ceftazidime, with inefficiency - ticarcillin, cefotaxime. Also a combination of antibiotics is possible, especially in severe conditions, mixed infection, weak immunity. In such cases, appoint:

• Cefuroxime and gentamicin.
• Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
• Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
• Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
• Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

With community-acquired pneumonia, azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, fluoroquinolone are prescribed, in severe conditions - cefotaxime, clarithromycin. Combinations of the listed antibiotics are possible.

Independently to change a line of treatment by antibiotics it is not necessary, so it can lead to development of stability of microorganisms to certain groups of drugs, as a result - the ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapy.

Course of antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotics for pneumonia is prescribed by the attending physician, based on the patient's age, severity of the disease, the nature of the pathogen and the body's response to antibacterial therapy.

In severe community-acquired pneumonia, the following treatment is prescribed:

1. Aminopenicillins - amoxicillin / clavulanate. Children at an early age are prescribed with aminoglycosides.
2. Possible treatment options:
   • Ticarcillin antibiotics
   • Cephalosporins of II-IV generations.
   • Fluoroquinolones

With aspiration bacterial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. Amoxicillin or clavulanate (Augmentin) intravenously + aminoglycoside.
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen, purpose:
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III n-y + aminoglycosides.
   • Lincosamides + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Carbapenem + vancomycin.

With nosocomial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. With an easy course of pneumonia, the use of protected aminopenicillins (Augmentin).
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen are the appointment of cephalosporins II-III n-th.
3. In severe cases, combined treatment is required:
   • inhibitor-protected carboxypenicillins (ticarcillin / clavulanate) and aminoglycosides;
   • cephalosporins III n-i, cephalosporins IV n-y with aminoglycosides.

Treatment of pneumonia, a long and serious process and attempts at self-medication with antibiotics not only can lead to complications, but also to cause the impossibility of correct antibacterial therapy due to the low sensitivity of the pathogen to the drug.

Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics caused by Klebsiella

When found in sputum Klibsiella pneumonia treatment with antibiotics is the main method of pathogenic therapy. Klebsiella - a pathogenic microorganism, normally occurs in the human intestine, and with high concentration and a decrease in immunity can cause lung infections. Approximately 1% of cases of bacterial pneumonia are caused by Klebsiella. Most often, such cases are recorded in men over 40, patients with alcoholism, with diabetes, chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

The clinical course of pneumonia caused by klibsiella is similar to pneumococcal pneumonia, often the focus of inflammation is localized in the right upper lobe of the lung, it can spread to other lobes. Develops cyanosis, shortness of breath, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea. Often, pneumonia is complicated by abscess and empyema lung, the reason is that the klibsiella are the cause of tissue destruction. With community-acquired pneumonia, Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter are found in sputum.

Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter have a different degree of sensitivity to antibiotics, so treatment begins with the appointment aminoglycosides and cephalosporins of the third generation, mezlocillin, amikacin is effective against the Serratia strain.

With proper and timely treatment, pneumonia caused by klibsiella, without complications, is completely cured in 2-3 weeks.

Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g per day. Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g per day.

Treatment with antibiotics mycoplasmal pneumonia

If a mycroplasma is detected in the sputum, pneumonia is treated to fight a particular pathogen. Getting into the body, mycoplasma is introduced into the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, where secreting a special secret causes a strong inflammation, and then begins the destruction of intercellular membranes, epithelial tissues, which ends with necrotic tissue degeneration.

In the pulmonary vesicles, mycoplasma rapidly multiply, the alveoli increase, and possibly the interalveolar septa. Mycoplasmal pneumonia develops slowly, the onset of the disease looks like a cold, then the temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, a violent cough begins. The temperature lasts about 5 days, then sharply decreases, fixing at around 37-37.6 degrees and lasts for a long time. On the X-ray image clearly visible darkened foci, degeneration in connective tissue septums.

The difficulty of treating mycoplasmal pneumonia is that the pathogen is inside neutrophils, and this makes penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides ineffective. First of all, macrolides are prescribed: azithromycin (sumamed), spiromycin (rovamycin), clarithromycin, applied 2 times a day, no more than 2 weeks, with a smaller rate of relapse.

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia appoint a course of at least 2 weeks. Congestive pneumonia develops with prolonged bed rest, in elderly people, weakened, as well as complication after complicated operations. The flow of congestive pneumonia is slow, asymptomatic, there is no chill, fever, cough. The patient can be disturbed only by shortness of breath and weakness, drowsiness, later there is a coughing.

To treat congestive pneumonia it is possible and at home, but adhering to all prescriptions, and only under the control of a doctor, so most often the patient is hospitalized in a hospital. If a bacterial infection is found in the sputum (congestive pneumonia does not always have a bacterial character), antibiotics - cefazolin, digitum or protected penicillin - are prescribed. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

With congestive pneumonia, developing against the background of heart failure, additionally prescribed glycosides and diuretic medicinal complexes, along with antibacterial, bronchodilators, expectorants. In addition, therapeutic exercise is shown, a diet rich in vitamins. With aspiration pneumonia, bronchoscopy is mandatory.

In general, with a timely diagnosis and antibiotic therapy, quality prevention and maintenance organism of the patient, complications with congestive pneumonia do not develop, and recovery occurs 3-4 weeks later.

Combination of antibiotics in pneumonia

The combination of antibiotics in pneumonia is introduced by the doctor into the treatment regimen under certain conditions that aggravate the clinic. In the clinic, the use of two or more antibiotics is not approved, due to the high burden on the body - the liver and kidneys of a weakened person can not cope with so many toxins. Therefore, in practice, the treatment of pneumonia with a single antibiotic, whose effect on the pathogenic flora is very high, is acceptable.

Combinations of antibiotics for pneumonia are acceptable when:

• Severe course of pneumonia, with secondary pneumonia.
• Mixed infection.
• Infections with oppressed immunity (with cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, use of cytostatics).
• Dangers or development of resistance to the selected antibiotic.

In such cases, a treatment regimen is developed, based on the administration of antibiotics that affect gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms - penicillins + aminoglycosides or cephalosporins + aminoglycosides.

Do not engage in self-medication, as the necessary dosage of the drug may be prescribed only by a doctor, and if insufficient doses of the antibiotic simply develop resistance of microorganisms to the drug, and at too high a dose, cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, dysbiosis, severe anemia can develop. In addition, some antibiotics for pneumonia, when combined, simply reduce the effectiveness of each other (for example, antibiotics + bacteriostatic drugs).

Best antibiotic for pneumonia

The best antibiotic for pneumonia is one to which the bacteria are most sensitive. For this purpose, special laboratory tests are carried out - bacteriological sprouting of the sputum is done to determine the pathogen and then put the test on sensitivity to antibiotics.

The main direction in the treatment of pneumonia is antibacterial therapy. Until the pathogen is identified, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. In case of community-acquired pneumonia, penicillin with clavulanic acid (amoxiclav, etc.), macrolides (rulid, rovamycin, etc.), cephalosporins of the 1st generation (kefzon, cefazolinum, tsoufalexin, etc.) are prescribed.

When hospital pneumonia is prescribed: penicillin in clavulanic acid, cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (klaforan, cefobid, fortum, etc.), fluoroquinolones (peflacin, ciprobai, taravid, etc.), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), carbapenems (thienam).

The full complex of therapy consists not only of a combination of antibiotics (2-3 species), but also aimed at restoring drainage of bronchi (the introduction of euphyllinum, beroduala), for liquefaction and excretion of sputum from the bronchi. Also inject anti-inflammatory, absorbable drugs, vitamins and components that stimulate the immune system - freshly frozen plasma intravenously, antistaphylococcal and anti-influenza immunoglobulin, interferon, etc.

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed according to a special scheme:

• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, intravenous and intramuscular injections of penicillin or cephalosporin preparations of the 1 st, 2 nd generation - cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxine.
• With the predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are prescribed.
• Atypical course of pneumonia appoint macrolides - azithromycin, midekamycin, as well as cephalosporins of the third generation - ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc.
• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci or enterococci, cephalosporins of the 4th generation - cefipin, carbapines - to thienes, meronem, etc., are prescribed.
• With the predominance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation-cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are additionally prescribed aminoglycosides.
• With the prevalence of fungal infection, cephalosporins of the third generation plus fluconazole are prescribed.
• With the predominance of intracellular organisms - mycoplasma, legionella, etc. appoint macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, etc.
• In case of anaerobic infection, inhibitor-protected penicillins-lincomycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and others-are prescribed.
• With penvmotsistnoy pneumonia appoint cotrimoxazole and macrolides.
• With cytomegalovirus pneumonia, ganciclovir, aciclovir, and cytotect are prescribed.

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Antibiotics for pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory process in the lungs, often a consequence or complication of bronchitis. Treatment of pneumonia is carried out with antibiotics on a mandatory basis, because the causative agents of the disease are bacteriological infections.

Types of disease

There are pneumonia:

1. Hospital.
2. Community-acquired.

Depending on the treatment regime, different regimens for antibiotics are selected.

Rules for prescribing:

1. Choose a wide-spectrum antibiotic. This will be first line antibiotic therapy. The cause of the disease is assumed based on the color of sputum separated from the lungs and the nature of the course of pneumonia.
2. Conduct an analysis to identify the bacteria that caused the disease, as well as their sensitivity to antibiotics.
3. Correct the treatment scheme according to the results of the smear analysis of the sputum to be separated.

When choosing which antibiotics to drink in acute bronchitis and pneumonia, you should also consider:

• severity of the disease;
• contraindications;
• possible allergic reactions;
• toxicity of drugs;
• the tendency of development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics;
• the speed of penetration of the drug in body fluids;
• the speed at which the therapeutic dosage is reached in the foci of inflammation;
• spectrum of action of the drug.

Ineffectiveness of antibiotic in pneumonia

Such situations are quite a rarity. Basically they arise because of previous self-treatment of the patient with the help of bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents. Causes of lack of effectiveness of drugs can also be:

• frequent use and change of antibiotics;
• development of resistance of microorganisms to the selected drug;
• incorrect choice of dosage and duration of treatment.

The solution to the problem is replacing the drug with another, or combining several drugs.

What antibiotics to treat hospital pneumonia?

Hospital type of pneumonia involves a constant finding of a patient in a hospital hospital and supervision by a doctor.

First line.The following drugs are used:

1. Amoxicillin.
2. Penicillin.
3. Cefepime.
4. Ceftazidime.
5. Cefoperazone.

When intolerance of the above antibiotics or the occurrence of allergic reactions, it is possible to use alternative agents:

1. Ticarcillin.
2. Piperacillin.
3. Cefotaxime.
4. Ceftriaxone.
5. Ciprofloxacin.

In some cases, a combination of antibiotics is required to quickly improve the patient's condition and achieve the necessary concentration of the active substance in the body.

The basis for its use are:

• severe course of the disease;
• mixed infection;
• rapid development of microbial resistance to a single form of antibiotic;
• inflammatory process occurs against the background of oppressed immunity;
• The causative agent of infection is a combination of microorganisms that do not fall within the spectrum of exposure of any drug.

Antibiotics used together:

1. Cefuroxime and gentamicin;
2. Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
3. Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
4. Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
5. Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

The second line.If the initial treatment regimen is ineffective or in accordance with the correction according to the results of the pathogen analysis:

1. Cefepime.
2. Ticarcillin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Imipenem.
5. Meropenem.

Antibiotics against community-acquired pneumonia

At a mild and moderate stage of the disease, such antibiotics are used:

1. Clartromycin.
2. Azithromycin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Doxycycline.
5. Aminopenicillin.
6. Benzylpenicillin.

Names of antibiotics in the severe stage of pneumonia:

1. Cefotaxime.
2. Ceftriaxone.
3. Clarithromycin.
4. Azithromycin.
5. Fluoroquinolone.

Combinations of the above drugs can be used.

To choose the best suitable antibiotic for pneumonia, certainly, should the doctor. This will prevent the aggravation of the course of the disease and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the body.

WomanAdvice.ru

Antibiotics for bronchitis

The thunderstorm of the autumn-spring period is bronchitis. Often it begins with a common cold and other respiratory diseases - sore throat or sinusitis. How to treat bronchitis correctly, only the doctor will say. Many people avoid using strong medicines and are treated with folk remedies. Often this is the reason for the transition of manifestations of bronchitis in the chronic course of the disease. Antibiotics for bronchitis should not be taken alone - be sure to contact your doctor.

Scheme of treatment of bronchitis and pneumonia with antibiotics

Treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract is carried out in a hospital or outpatient. Light bronchitis is successfully eliminated at home, chronic or acute manifestations require hospitalization. Bronchitis and pneumonia are insidious diseases, so do not self-medicate. For adults and children, doctors prescribe different antibiotics and apply different healing procedures. Thus, antibiotics for bronchitis and the treatment regimen depend on:

• age;
• having a tendency to allergies;
• the nature of the disease (acute, chronic);
• type of pathogen;
• parameters of the drugs used (speed and spectrum of action, toxicity).

Antibiotics powerfully affect the human body, and their thoughtless use can harm, not help. For example, the use of strong drugs in the prevention of bronchitis can have the opposite effect. The constant intake of antibiotics inhibits immunity, promotes the emergence of dysbiosis, adaptation of strains of the disease to the drugs used. Therefore, it can not be said that antibiotics are the best remedy for bronchitis. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics is prescribed in the case of:

• if there is a high temperature (more than 38 degrees), which lasts longer than 3 days;
• purulent sputum;
• protracted nature of the disease - treatment for longer than a month does not bring recovery.
• manifesting severe symptoms during exacerbation.
• if the analysis of sputum revealed pathogens, bacterial or atypical nature.

In adults

What antibiotics to drink in adults with bronchitis? A specific treatment regimen is used based on the severity of the disease, its course and the age of the patient. With bronchitis of acute type, drugs of penicillin group are prescribed - Amoxicillin, Erythromycin. With chronic it is possible to use Amoxiclav, Augmentin. If this group of drugs does not help, they switch to the use of Rovamycin, Sumamed and others.

For the elderly, Flemoxin, Azithromycin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone are prescribed. If sputum analysis was not performed, then a wide range of antibiotics are preferred: Ampicillin, Streptocillin, Tetracycin, etc. After the analysis, the doctor prescribes directed drugs. The decision on what antibiotics to take when bronchitis in adults is taken by the attending physician. In any case, the following treatment principles should be adhered to:

1. Drugs are taken strictly according to the instructions (dosage, schedule) at regular intervals.
2. It is unacceptable to skip the reception of tablets.
3. If the symptoms of bronchitis have disappeared - you can not arbitrarily stop treatment.

Children

Unlike adults, the treatment of bronchitis in children with antibiotics is extremely undesirable and dangerous. It is allowed to use drugs only if there is a suspicion of an infectious type of disease. Children should take penicillin group drugs. For children with asthma, the use of azithromycin, erythromycin is allowed. In the rest the treatment scheme of the child is standard and is aimed at eliminating symptoms. Assign:

• bed rest, child care;
• drugs to reduce temperature;
• means for eliminating cough and sore throat;
• application of traditional medicine.

Groups of antibacterials of new generation

Penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin). The group of drugs includes such as "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin", "Panklav", etc. They have a bactericidal effect, they affect the formation of the protein wall of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it dies. Preparations with it are considered the safest. The only negative is the ability to excite allergic reactions. If the disease is started and the drugs with penicillin do not have the proper effect, then they switch to strong drugs.

Macrolides. An extensive group of drugs, which include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. The brightest representatives of macrolides on the pharmacological market are preparations "Erythromycin", "Claricin", "Sumamed". The mechanism of action is directed to the disturbance of the vital activity of the microbial cell. In terms of safety, macrolides are less harmful than tetracyclines, fluoroquinols, more dangerous than penicillins, but they are good for people who are allergic. In combination with penicillins reduce their effectiveness.

Fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, hemifloxacin, moxifloxacin). On the market, the drugs are presented by "Afelox", "Afenoxin", and medications that are of the same name with the main active substance, for example, "Moxifloxacin". This group is used as a medicine for bronchitis. It is prescribed only if the previous two groups of antibiotics did not affect the causative agent of the disease.

Cephalosporins (active substances - cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime). According to the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed "Cefalexin", "Cefuroxime axetil", "Cefotaxime". Limited to the effect on some pathogens. For example, such antibiotics absolutely do not affect pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasmas, listeria. Preparations of the first generation are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are administered in the form of injections.

Which antibiotics are the most effective?

Amoxicillin. Form release - capsules and granules. Adults take 500 mg (1-2 capsules) 3 times a day, if the bronchitis in severe form is doubled to 1000 mg. The child is prescribed from 100 to 250 mg per day, depending on the age. To facilitate admission for children, a suspension is prepared - in half a glass of water, the antibiotic is diluted and shaken. The method of intake is only oral, by injection the drug is not administered.

Sumamed. It is used for bronchitis and pneumonia. It is not used by patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Produced by tablets, capsules, powder for suspensions. Dosage for adults - 500 mg per day, course 3-5 days. Children dose determined by weight - 5-30 mg of medicine per 1 kg. More accurate and correct dosage will be told only by a specialist, do not neglect medical opinion.

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. They are positioned as antibiotics for chronic bronchitis in adults (over 18 years of age). Highly effective in pneumonia, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, infections of various etiologies. The use of this antibiotic is accompanied by a plentiful drink. Avoid direct contact with ultraviolet light of any origin. The form of release - tablets. Dosage - 1-2 times a day for 500 mg.

Cefazolin. Produced by powder for the preparation of infusions and injections. Methods of administration - only intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults, 3-4 injections per day for 0.25-1 g Therapeutic course - 7-10 days. The child's dose is determined proportionally to the weight of the child - 25-50 mg per 1 kg. Stabbing - 3-4 times a day. If patients have renal dysfunction, dosage adjustment is performed.

Side effects

Antibiotics because of their nature have an extensive list of side effects. From the gastrointestinal tract - is diarrhea, vomiting, dysbiosis, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dry mouth. From the urogenital organs - itching, impotence, kidney failure, blood in the urine. On the part of the locomotor system - dizziness, arthritis, muscle weakness, numbness of the limbs, paralysis. Skin reactions are hives, itching, allergic reactions.

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What antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia?

Antibiotics - this is a group of drugs, which you have to face in this or that case, almost every person. Despite the fact that these drugs are considered serious, unfortunately, it is impossible to do without them, in particular, in the treatment of pneumonia. Which antibiotics for pneumonia are used especially often and why they are the most effective means to combat this disease, we will discuss in the article.

What factors influence the choice of a particular medication for pneumonia?

In medicine, pneumonia refers to a group of severe and life-threatening ailments. The causative agents of this disease can be both viruses and fungi. But most often the disease is caused by infection with bacteria - pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, etc. The area of ​​the lung at the same time stops functioning normally, causing many severe consequences for the body.

Not so long ago, the main antibiotics for fighting lung inflammation were easy to identify, since this ailment was treated only with penicillin drugs. But, as it turned out, bacteria are able to develop resistance to drugs. Now these antibiotics may not be so effective, researchers had to develop new drugs. Nowadays, a huge number of them appeared, which is good, and at the same time it is difficult for the doctor, since now he has to take into account a lot of factors in order to find an adequate treatment.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be prescribed, now depends on many factors: takes into account not only the form of the disease, but also its causes, the susceptibility of the body to this drug, as well as what preparations of this group have already been used by patients previously.

How is the treatment prescribed for pneumonia?

In order to make the diagnosis as accurate as possible, the composition of the sputum of the patient determines the laboratory type of bacteria that triggered the disease. In the analysis of the analysis, as a rule, the pharmacological group is indicated, and among its preparations the doctor selects the one that has the least contraindications and side effects. This is mainly about the following groups of antibiotics:

• cephalosporins (Aksetin, Supraks, Cefixim, Zinat, etc.);
• fluoroquinolones ("Levofloxacin", "Avelox", "Moximak", "Moxifloxacin", etc.);
• macrolides ("Azithromycin", "Chemomycetin", "Sumamed", etc.),
• group of tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride, etc.).

Each of them contains active substances that allow the specialist to choose the most precisely what to treat pneumonia. Antibiotics are selected on the basis of a specific case, and in order to expand the scope of drugs, it is often necessary to designate funds from two groups at once.

The use of antibiotics depending on the pathogen

It is not so difficult to guess that each of the listed series best copes with certain types of pathogens of pneumonia. Thus, macrolides act best on the activity of pneumococci, which provoked pneumonia. Treatment with antibiotics from the group of fluoroquinolones in this case is ineffective, and to the preparations of the tetracycline series, these microorganisms are practically insensitive.

For the hemophilic rod, the most active drugs are fluoroquinolones, and if the disease is caused by enterobacteria - drugs from the group of third-generation cephalosporins. In the treatment of mycoplasmal or chlamydial pneumonia, as a rule, macrolides and antibiotics from the tetracycline group are chosen.

What antibiotics are used most often

Of course, in medical practice, there are antibiotics, with pneumonia the doctors are most popular. So, if the patient is under 60 years old, he does not have diabetes or cardiovascular pathologies, then specialists prefer to treat segmental or focal pneumonia well-proven drugs "Avelox" and "Tavanik" (which, by the way, is preferable to its cheaper analogue "Loksof" or "Levofloxacin"). If they are taken in combination with the tablets "Amoxiclav" or "Augmentin", then a positive effect can be achieved within two weeks after the beginning of the reception.

If the patient's condition does not improve and the temperature does not drop even on the fourth day, then other antibiotics should be selected against pneumonia. As a rule, in such cases, drugs "Azitro-Sandoz" or "Sumamed" instead of "Augmentin" are prescribed.

A good combination is also the use of "Sumamed" tablets (1 table. 1 time per day) in combination with intramuscular or intravenous injections of Fortum (2 mg 2 times a day).

Popular injections: antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotic injection for pneumonia usually takes seven to ten days. But in no case this treatment can not be carried out independently, without the appointment and supervision of a doctor, or to interrupt the prescribed course, having decided that the state of health has already improved. All this in the end will provoke the resistance of the surviving bacteria to the drugs, and the untreated or returned pathology will be more complicated, and it will be worse to treat.

Most often in the form of injections, the following antibiotics are used for pneumonia:

• "Ceftriaxone" (it is injected every 12 hours, diluting previously in a solution of novocaine).
• "Amoxicillin" in combination with the drug "Sulbaktam" (3 r. in a day).
• "Azithromycin" is administered intravenously. This is done slowly, drip, because this drug can not be injected intramuscularly.

By the way, it should be noted that with the appointment of antibiotics, there are several features. So, the conclusion that you need to replace this drug, you can do it only 2-3 days after the start of treatment. The reason for this decision may be the risk of serious side effects or excessive toxicity of any antibiotic that will not allow them to take them for a long time.

Basic rules for injection from pneumonia

Effective antibiotics for pneumonia can be selected only by a doctor. But if the patient is shown out-patient treatment, then someone will have to inject him. In this case, in order not to cause unnecessary complications, several rules should be observed.

1. Remember that the course of antibiotic treatment for pneumonia can not be less than 10 days.
2. When prescribing drugs for injection, which are available in the form of powders, remember: they can be diluted only immediately before the procedure. Do not do this in advance!
3. To dilute antibiotics use saline, novocaine, lidocaine or water for injection. They are taken in the standard proportion: 1 g of the drug - 1 ml of liquid.
4. Before the first injection, make a skin test. To do this, scratch with a sterile disposable needle from the syringe skin and apply a few drops of the prescribed remedy on the wound. If after 15 minutes she did not blush and began to itch, then there is no allergy to this medicine. Otherwise, it must be replaced.
5. If after the injections remains a painful infiltration - it is applied to the iodine grid to accelerate resorption.

What antibiotics are considered to be reserve

In the case of severe pneumonia, the patient is assigned the so-called reserve drugs. That is, potent antibiotics, which are "left" by doctors for an extreme case (all this is done because of the easily developed resistance of bacteria to drugs).

Therefore, it is worth remembering their name. Antibiotics for pneumonia with severe course are "Ceftazidime", "Timentine", "Sparfloxacin", "Tientam", "Grimipenem". They are not prescribed in the case of mild or moderate severity of the disease, because no one is insured in the future from operational interventions and similar health problems, when their application will be especially necessary.

What antibiotics should not be used

In view of the previously mentioned high resistance to drugs of microorganisms that caused pneumonia, treatment with antibiotics listed below will not give the desired effect. To such means carry:

• simple penicillins ("Bicellin", "Ampicillin", "Oxacillin", etc.),
• cephalosporins of the first and second generation ("Cefazolin", "Cefalexin", "Cefamizin"),
• fluoroquinolones of the first and second generation ("Nalidixic acid", "Norfloxacin", "Ofloxacin" and "Ciprofloxacin").

Do not prescribe antibacterial therapy!

Finally, I want to emphasize that self-administration of antibiotics is very dangerous, but not only because they can cause serious side effects.

Regardless of what antibiotics are treated for pneumonia, microorganisms very quickly develop drug resistance to them. So, every new case, which will have to take these drugs, threatens that the expected action will not happen. This, of course, will prolong the course of the disease and cause various difficulties. Therefore, in order not to put yourself in the future in a difficult situation, do not engage in self-medication. And be healthy!

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