Find out what the rate of glycated hemoglobin in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a dangerous disease that requires constant monitoring of blood glucose levels by putting certain tests. One of these types of research is the analysis for glycated hemoglobin, since its norm in diabetes mellitus indicates that the treatment methods are correctly selected. What this analysis is like, how to take it and what results provide for a normal state, should be considered in detail.

• Glycated hemoglobin: what is it
• Norm for a healthy person
• Pregnancy rate
• The norm in diabetes mellitus
• Complications of abnormalities
• Normalization of the indicator

Glycated hemoglobin: what is it

What does the result of this analysis show? Unlike the usual blood sugar test, which shows the concentration of glucose at the time of blood collection, it helps determine the average blood sugar level in the last 3 months. This is one of the most informative research methods. It should be carried out not only for people with diabetes, but also for a healthy person with a suspicion of the disease. The main symptoms in which the patient is sent for such a study are:

• constant thirst;
• frequent and excessive urination;
• rapid fatigue;
• deterioration of the functioning of the visual apparatus;
• decreased immunity;
• increase in body weight.

Advantages of the study for glycated hemoglobin are:

• the analysis can be carried out regardless of time of day, not necessarily on an empty stomach;
• helps to determine the disease at an early stage of its development;
• the procedure does not take much time;
• does not need special preliminary training;
• The accuracy of the result does not depend on irritating factors, such as emotional stress or nervous overexertion;
• Before taking the tests, you can take medication.

As regards the shortcomings of this analysis, these are:

• high cost of the study compared with other types of analyzes;
• anemia can adversely affect the accuracy of the result;
• Not all laboratories carry out this analysis;
• the violation of the hormonal background can give an increased index, even if the glycated hemoglobin in the patient is normal.

Important to remember! In order to obtain the most accurate results, the study is required to be conducted in the same laboratory!

Norm for a healthy person

In a person who does not suffer from diabetes, usually the result of analysis for glycated hemoglobin varies between 4-6.5%. The norm for women is given in the table:

A significant increase in this indicator indicates the development of diabetes mellitus. In such cases, it is required to begin treatment immediately.

Regarding the rate of glycated hemoglobin in men by age, these data are given below:

Men need to carefully monitor the level of glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood after 40 years. Excess weight or obesity also require regular delivery of this analysis.

Pregnancy rate

Pregnancy is a very exciting and joyful period in the life of every woman. In order to tolerate a healthy baby, the expectant mother needs to closely monitor her health, regularly visit a gynecologist and take a series of tests to detect possible pathologies in a timely manner.

The result of the analysis for glycated hemoglobin in pregnant women should be less than 6.5%. In future mothers who are already suffering from diabetes, this study is required to be carried out every 2 months. This will help to affect the disease in a timely manner with a sharp increase in the indicator. When deciphering these figures, it should be taken into account that in women during pregnancy, anemia is often observed, a decline in strength, often nausea, vomiting. These factors can affect the result. Indicators and their decoding usually look like this:

1. Less than 5.7%. This means that metabolic processes do not have disorders, the risk of developing diabetes is minimal.
2. 5,7-6%. The risk of diabetes increases, in such cases it is required to begin to observe a special diet, which consists in using the minimum amount of carbohydrates.
3. 6,1-6,4. The maximum risk of developing diabetes. It is necessary to revise the daily routine and observe a strict low-carb diet.
4. More than 6.5. This indicator provides for the establishment of a preliminary diagnosis - diabetes mellitus. In this situation, a number of additional studies are required.

Analysis for glycated hemoglobin does not always show a reliable result. This is due to the restructuring of the body and its adaptation to new conditions. Regular deviations from the norm of this indicator indicate such violations:

• great weight of the future baby;
• violation of the integrity of blood vessels;
• impaired renal function;
• failures in the functioning of the visual apparatus, in a pregnant woman, then there is short-sightedness, then hyperopia.

In late pregnancy, this analysis can no longer be taken, since the result is usually unreliable.

The norm in diabetes mellitus

This disease involves a blood test for glycated hemoglobin every 3 months. The norm for type 1 diabetes is 6.5-6.9%. This indicates effective treatment. If this indicator increases, it means that the patient develops a type 2 disease.

A significant increase in the indicator indicates that the patient is inadequate treatment or observes an incorrect diet.

Complications of abnormalities

What is dangerous for a decreased or elevated glycosylated hemoglobin? Such deviations gradually cause damage to the internal organs, namely:

1. Blood vessels. Their walls gradually lose their elasticity, the lumen narrows. To the peripheral tissues is not enough oxygen. In addition, the damage to the coronary or cerebral vessels can lead to a heart attack, stroke to other pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
2. Urinary system. The kidneys begin to function improperly, which gradually leads to kidney failure.
3. Skin covers. As a result of poor blood supply, the patient slowly heals even minor wounds, trophic ulcers begin to form. This leads to diseases of the skin of an infectious nature.
4. Central nervous system. The upper and lower limbs lose their sensitivity, there is a constant heaviness and weakness of the arms and legs.

Therefore, for any deviation from the norm of glycated hemoglobin, treatment should be started immediately.

Normalization of the indicator

An elevated index can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus. How to lower glycated hemoglobin. This requires the following activities:

1. Follow the diet. Proper nutrition with high glycohemoglobin provides for the consumption of a large number of fresh vegetables and fruits, legumes, milk and sour-milk products, fish and nuts. Exclude from the diet of fatty foods and snacks.
2. Regular moderate exercise. You should give at least 30 minutes a day to training. Useful will be aerobic exercise, swimming, walking.
3. Avoid stressful situations and emotional stress.
4. Regularly visit the attending physician. He will assess the general condition of the body, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin, if necessary, make adjustments to the treatment regimen.

Reduced glycohemoglobin also adversely affects the health and condition of a person. What can you raise this indicator? To do this, you need to eliminate the reason for its decline. The most common prerequisites for lowering glycated hemoglobin are:

• excessive use of drugs that reduce blood sugar;
• prolonged debilitating low-carb diet;
• regular physical fatigue, which caused chronic fatigue;
• violation of adrenal function.

Eliminating the above problems, this indicator can be normalized. Also, it should not be forgotten that elevated hemoglobin needs to be reduced gradually. In this case, it is necessary to take this analysis once every 3 months. But it should be remembered that its results do not show sharp changes in the level of glycohemoglobin in the blood.