Rupture of the retina - why it happens and whether it is serious

Any pathologies and diseases that are associated with human eyes are, as a rule, very dangerous.After all, the risk of loss of vision is very critical for modern people - the vast majority of the surrounding information we perceive with the help of the eyes.But the pathologies are different - and in the case of some of them, people do not fully understand what harm they do and in principle bear. An example of this is the retinal rupture of the eye.

What it is

Due to the retina, a very delicate sensitive tissue, a person perceives light.It consists of cones and rods that constantly convert light pulses into signals intended for the brain, helping to perceive the surrounding reality.The retina is located close to the special vitreous body and is attached to it along the dentate line.If a violation occurs, the destruction of the vitreous body, which can lead to blindness.Sometimes, under the influence of various factors, ruptures can form in the retina.

Methods of treatment

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Causes

To understand the reasons, it is necessary to know what kinds of retinal ruptures people can have.

Because the basic classification is carried out precisely on the basis of what exactly caused the problem in a particular case.

Anatomic structure of the eyeball for visual representation of the retina and how it processes light

• A hole hole.Occurs in places where the retina is especially thin. Usually it is a zone of peripheral vision. In this case, the main cause is the so-called retinal dystrophy, as well as the type of dystrophy, which is called the "trace of the cochlea." Often, this cause is accompanied by a fusion of the vitreous and retina, as well as detachment of the retina.
• Detachment of the retina, passing through the dentate line, can occur when a person has severe concussions or head injuries, as well as eye injuries.
• Valve rupture.It is provoked by a fusion that occurs between the retina and the vitreous body. The older the person, the more likely that gradually the posterior detachment of his vitreous body will occur. As a result, the gel contained in the vitreous body enters the middle region between the retina and the vitreous membrane. The membrane begins to move away from the inner shell, gradually leading to the fact that the retina detaches and begins to flake off.
• Macular rupture.Occurs in the area of ​​central vision, when the vitreous body and retina tightly coalesce in the zone of the macula. As a result, this creates a hole. This is the most severe type of pathology, requiring immediate intervention. There is also macular degeneration.

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When the problem has already arisen, some factors may further exacerbate it:

• Sharp jumps and inclines.
• Increased physical activity.
• Strong stress.
• Head injuries.

External manifestation of retinal rupture

Symptoms

Often the symptoms that arise in this pathology can be confused with the symptoms of other eye diseases, so if you find the signs mentioned below, you should contact a specialist for a detailed examination.

A larger plan for the structure of the eye

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The main symptoms are:

• Flies before the eyes.They appear when there is either a hemorrhage in the vitreous humor, when the blood vessel is damaged, or with a posterior detachment of the vitreous.
• Sudden flashes of light.And they occur, including in dark rooms where there is no light. The problem arises when the inner shell is tensioned, which occurs in the rupture area.
• Deterioration of vision.Visible objects begin to distort, or the field of vision narrows. This usually occurs as a result of the progression of retinal detachment, which has reached the area of ​​central vision, therefore, causes similar problems.
• Veil before your eyes.What is important, this effect is formed only on one side. This means that, because of the rupture, retinal detachment begins and there is a risk of complete loss of vision. This symptom indicates that the problem is in a neglected stage.

Many write off such symptoms for fatigue or fatigue, but in practice, when they repeatedly appear, you must by all means undergo a survey.

Diagnostics

The most common symptoms that could show that there is a retinal rupture are either absent or not clearly pronounced. Therefore, you can identify the occurrence of this problem only with a full ophthalmological examination.

During this examination, the doctor can fix both the quantity and the size of the ruptures, and also determine how to carry out further treatment.

Macular retinal rupture of the eye

Treatment

It is necessary to promptly seek medical help in order to avoid potential negative consequences.There are several ways to solve the problem.

• If the rupture occurs without retinal detachment, then laser coagulation is performed.Using a laser, a special barrier is created that blocks the development of pathology. At the same time the retina is pressed against the vitreous body, under it no effusion is formed, the procedure is sufficiently safe and effective.
• If there is a central / macular laceration, then a vitrectomy is necessary.In this procedure, three small punctures are carried out. In the hole from the first, liquid is supplied, which allows you to increase the size of the eye, not allowing it to contract. The second puncture is for a lighting fixture. The third is necessary for the supply of instruments through which the procedure is performed. A lens is put on the eye, which helps the surgeon enlarge the image. With the help of a special tool, vacuum tweezers, the membrane of the vitreous body of the eye is removed - in this form of pathology this membrane is the cause of the rupture. When the procedure is carried out, the damaged area of ​​the eye is fixed with perfluorodecalin, which presses the retina, spreading over its surface, but without harming it.
• You can also perform cryosurgery, which can also stop the process of detachment of the retina.Its principle is similar to laser coagulation (although the laser is no longer being used), only this results in a freezing of the posterior wall of the eye beyond the place where the rupture occurs. The procedure is performed using local anesthesia.

Complications

Complications from untimely treatment can be significant.Gaps, no matter what kind they are, are very dangerous, because they can potentially lead to detachment of the retina - and then serious problems start to be sighted. In extreme cases, complete loss of vision is possible.Therefore, treatment in any case can not be postponed, it is necessary to pay attention to the first of the symptoms mentioned above.

Complications of treatment are unlikely, but constant monitoring by the ophthalmologist is necessary, otherwise the person may experience new discontinuities with time.

Prevention

To prevent the development of this pathology or, if it has already arisen, its aggravation, it is necessary to observe a number of precautions.It is necessary to keep a sparing lifestyle in relation to the eyes, do not overload them unnecessarily, and avoid prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light.You should also try to protect your eyes as much as possible from various injuries.

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conclusions

Rupture of the retina is a serious enough problem, which, when neglected, can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, at the very first signs it is necessary to take appropriate measures.The same applies to retinal detachment. In any case, if you notice any symptoms do not necessarily this disease, then in any case you need to contact the clinic. What is characteristic of the elderly is the appearance of such diseases as presbyopia.This disease can be a consequence of the initial stage of rupture of the retina.