Drops for treatment of otitis media in adults

Ear drops in otitis: how to choose a drop?

• Varieties
• How to instill

Ear drops in otitis are an effective treatment for an inflamed ear in the home.

However, first of all, the effectiveness of the drug depends on its correct choice and reasonable application. Not every medication can provide an invaluable local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory effect.

There is such an opinion that the treatment of otitis with drops of ear pain is completely harmless and safe. But it is not so.

Each drug has its own pharmacological features and actions that must be taken into account when treating a specific disease. A person far from medicine will find it difficult to independently, and most importantly, to understand. To avoid a positive effect instead of obtaining the directly opposite reaction, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

First, the otolaryngologist will need to establish an accurate diagnosis and determine the degree of neglect of the disease. And then the doctor will be able to give you the right treatment.

It is important to know

When untimely or incorrect treatment, otitis can easily go into a chronic form, and then without surgery can not do.

Treat inflammation of the middle ear most often in a complex, combining physiotherapy, the use of antibiotics, various ear-drops and ointments.

Especially effective in the treatment of otitis are special drops in the ears for children and adults. It is to the ear drops that doctors and patients prefer, hoping for a quick effect of removing pain and reducing inflammation in the ear. Read also "Sinuforte at Otitis".

Many immediately have a question: how to choose ear drops, because the pharmaceutical market is literally full of various drugs. If you did not contact a specialist, and decided to heal yourself (which is not very desirable), then always carefully study the instructions to the drug, or at least, if possible, consult a pharmacy with pharmacists. This will help you to properly determine the medication needed to treat an inflamed ear.

Remember

Choosing ear drops for otitis, in the first place, you need to know what kind of ear inflammation you have: external, middle or internal.

Ear drops from otitis come in several forms, depending on their action:

• antibacterial(for example, Tsipromed, Otofa, Normaks, etc.);
• drops with a combined component, containing glucocorticoids ("Dexon "Anauran "Sofraks etc.);
• monopreparations, having anti-inflammatory non-steroid agents ("Otipax "Otinum") in their composition.

Given all of the above factors, listed in the list, you can safely go to the pharmacy to pick up drops in your ears when you take otitis. Being at least minimally aware of the disease and the ways of its treatment, you will quickly recover and return to a full life without pain and discomfort.

Try to start treatment of otitis even in the early stages of its course. The main thing - always correctly choose and use drugs for inflammation of the ear, including ear drops for otitis. This will help you to achieve a speedy recovery without complications and other all kinds of negative processes in the body.

Drops in the ears with otitis for children and adults: which drops are most effective?

With regard directly to the choice of the drug, the benefits should be given to those medicines that have proved themselves as the most effective and safe for health.

Quite often the ENT doctor appoints to his patients such drops in the ears at the otitis, like "Otofa "Anauran" or "Otipaks "Otofa" and many others.

These medicines have positively proven themselves in the fight against otitis media. Therefore, we will consider in more detail the instruction for the use of each of the three above mentioned preparations.

Treatment of otitis Otipaksom

Drops Otypaks are a drug with a double effect: analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The pharmacological agent is administered only topically.

Bury Otypaks in the ears should be 3-4 drops twice or thrice a day. If the bottle with droplets is cold, then just warm it in your hands. The course of treatment with this drug is 10 days.

Drops from Otipaks otitis are safe enough if they are applied correctly: do not exceed the dosage and do not use at the end of the expiration date. Even pregnant women and women can apply the drug during lactation, only if they have no signs of damage to the tympanic membrane. To everyone who has a perforation of the tympanic membrane, the drug is contraindicated. It is not recommended to use Otipax also in case of hypersensitivity to the components of the medication.

Of the side effects of the drug sometimes observed hyperemia and irritation of the auditory canal, as well as allergic reactions.

It is worth noting

Information on the interaction of Otipax with other drugs at the moment there, therefore, without consulting an otolaryngologist, use the drug in combination with other drugs not recommended.

Anauran in otitis media: dosage and method of administration

The drug Anauran has a pronounced local anesthetic and antiviral effect. Such ear drops are prescribed for inflammation of the ear and only for topical application. The most effective Anauran in the treatment of acute and chronic forms of external otitis media, with chronic exudative otitis media, as well as with average otitis without signs of perforation of the tympanic membrane.

Sometimes drops in the ears of Anauran are prescribed to patients with complications after surgery, as well as to people who have suffered anthotomy, tympanoplasty, fenestratsiyu and mastoidectomy.

How correctly to drip drops from an otitis in ears? It is necessary to dig in them with the help of a special pipette and only in the external ear canal. It is advisable that immediately after instilling the head for a while was slightly inclined. Duration of the course and dosage of the drug should be determined only by a doctor, depending on the severity of the disease.

However, classically the drug is used as follows: children drip 2-3 drops of Anauran at least 3-4 times a day, the dosage for adults is 4-5 drops 2-3 times a day. Usually, the auricle is not recommended for longer than a week. However, an increase in the duration of the course is possible if the doctor sees this as a necessity.

As for the side effects of Anauran, they are:

• hyperemia;
• itching and flaking of the skin of the auditory external passage.

If the drug is used for a long time, then other side effects are possible, for example, increasing the systemic absorption of active components, and also development of nephrotoxic and ototoxic action of neomycin (antibiotic in otitis of a wide spectrum of action contained in the composition preparation).

Such drops from otitis for children are not provided if the child is under 1 year old. It is also not recommended to use a pharmaceutical agent for people with hypersensitivity to the components of ear drops Anauran.

It is important to know

With extreme caution, the drug should be taken during pregnancy and during lactation. The use of drops during this period is possible only after consulting a specialist.

You can not combine drops of Anauran otitis with medication such as netilmicin, gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin and monomycin. They only increase the ototoxic effect of the drug.

Otoze ear drops: how to use

This drug (antibiotic), like many other drops from otitis, is used exclusively locally. Drops in the ears of Otofa act on the areas of the sore ear as an antibacterial agent.

Bury children need no more than 3 drops 3 times a day (or you can pour a drop of a minute into the 2 in the ear canal). Drops from otitis in adults have their own dosage. Adults used to dig in 5 drops three times a day (or pour the medicine for a couple of minutes in the ear).

Both for adults and children, the treatment course for Otofo is 7 days. It is possible that the duration of the course of treatment will vary depending on the severity of the course of the disease. Otofu can be attributed to the relatively inexpensive pediatric ear drops used for otitis.

However, this recommendation can only give an experienced otolaryngologist.

It is worth noting

Before instillation the bottle must be warmed in the hands, so that the drops are not cold.

The drug in use is safe enough and practically does not cause side effects. The only negative consequence after the application of drops may be an allergy, but this symptom is very rare.

The drug has only one contraindication - increased sensitivity to the component of ear drops rifamycin. As for the period of pregnancy and lactation, then say about the effect of the drug on the body women in these periods is quite difficult, because no special clinical studies of the drug was conducted.

It is important to know

Any of the drugs should be prescribed only by a specialist. Drops in the ears with otitis alone is not recommended, because one treatment at home may not be enough. A prolonged course of the disease with the reception of the wrong drugs can only promote the rooting of the disease in the human body.

Drops from otitis: how correctly to dig in a sick ear?

Drops from otitis - an effective and effective way to treat the inflammatory process in the ear. However, if you use ear drops incorrectly, the effect can be directly opposite. To avoid this, it is necessary to devote only a little time to studying the rules of instilling a patient ear. And then a positive result can not be avoided.

Rules of instillation of the ear in otitis:

• It is necessary to lie on one side so that the sick ear is up.
• Bury the drops in the ear, pulled by the lobes down and back.
• The drug is strongly recommended to be warm, but not hot (ideal temperature will be the temperature of drops at normal body temperature).
• Before dropping the drops from the otitis into the ear, the dropper should be lowered into boiling water to make it warm.
• It is not advisable to heat the whole bottle with drops, since the drug can quickly deteriorate.
• The instillation of drops into the ear should be indirect, that is, it is necessary to drip as follows: first insert into the ear a cotton turunda, then carefully put it into the ear external passage and only after that you can start digging in the ear. Direct instillation can be very dangerous, especially if the tympanic membrane is damaged. In the future, such imprudence can lead to deafness.

To treat otitis was the most successful, you need to consider a variety of factors, ranging from the degree of neglect of the disease and ending with the rules of instillation of the ears.

The use of droplets from otitis for topical use is considered by ENT doctors as an additional treatment, so it is not necessary to rely on adults or children's drops in the ears. Only their combination with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs will help you, in the end, get rid of otitis.

gajmorit.com

Effective treatment of otitis in adults

Inflammation of the middle ear or otitis is most often attributed to childhood diseases, but it often occurs in adults. Treatment of otitis in adults is not much different from the treatment of otitis media. This disease may appear due to the activity of streptococci or pneumococci, as well as otitis media can be viral in nature or appear as a complication of hypertrophic processes in nasopharynx. At the same time, the function of the Eustachian tube is disrupted and resistance is reduced.

Course of the disease

1. The onset and development of inflammation in the middle ear. Symptoms of otitis - pain in the ear, a slight increase in temperature, sleep, appetite decreases, there is a general malaise. The tympanic membrane is hyperemic and protrudes into the region of the auditory canal.
2. Perforation of the tympanic membrane, excretion of pus. Symptoms at this time: shooting pain in the ear. Pain can last for 5-7 days, after which it subsides and reduces inflammation.
3. Reconservation, i.e. Gradually, the excretion of pus stops. There is an overgrowth of the tympanic membrane, and all the physiological processes in the ear are restored.

Healing measures

Treatment of otitis in adults is carried out depending on the pathogen and the severity of the disease. If the inflammation is caused by the activity of bacteria, then antibiotic therapy is used. With viral otitis treatment will take time and will be more difficult.

In some cases, myringotomy is performed - this is a minimally invasive operation. In this case, a small plastic tube is inserted into the tympanic membrane. With its help, the remainder of the liquid is removed at this point, thereby reducing the pressure. The tube remains for some time in the ear and after a certain period falls out of the ear on its own, without bringing discomfort to the patient.

Sometimes the cause of otitis may be the proliferation of adenoid tissue, in this case, an operation is performed to remove adenoids, but this condition is typical of childhood.

In general, otitis treatment can proceed according to the following scheme:

• drops from inflammation;
• antibacterial therapy;
• sulfonamides;
• if necessary, antipyretics;
• painkillers;
• vitamin complex;
• the use of compresses, they are usually alternated: first warming, and then for a few minutes a cold compress;
• Locally you can dig in boric acid, but it is better to consult a doctor beforehand.

Drops in the ears with otitis

Ear drops in otitis in its effect and composition are divided into three groups:

1. Combined preparations. They contain glucocorticoids. This is Sofraks, Anauran, Garazon, Polidex, Dexona, and others.
2. Monopreparations. They include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such drops as Otinum, Otipax.
3. Preparations with antibiotic content: Otofa, Normaks, Tsipromed, Fugentin.

Combined ear drops are used for inflammation of the middle and outer ear, with acute or chronic disease. Most often instilled with a pipette. But it should be noted that drugs containing glucocorticoids, children and pregnant women are rarely prescribed and only in the most extreme moments.

Side effects:

• peeling of the skin in the ear;
• itching and burning in the place of instillation.

But such conditions are considered a rarity, since the combined drops are discharged in small doses and for a short time.

These drugs, for example, Sophradex, are intended for instillation into the eye. In addition to anti-inflammatory action, Sofrax has antibacterial and anti-allergic properties. Apply it on 3-4 drops 2 times a day, not more. Like any other drug, Sofradex can have side effects of a local allergic nature - burning, itching, redness, and the like. Monopreparations are also anti-inflammatory, apply them 3-4 drops 2 times in day. Virtually no side effects.If the patient has a damage to the tympanic membrane, droplets containing salicylic acid are not prescribed, since there is a high probability of hearing loss.

Drops with antibiotic content are used for microbial infections of the external and middle ear, with purulent otitis and chronic disease. Antibacterial drops, for example Normax, can have side effects, such as:

• a small rash on the skin;
• itching and burning at the site of the drop;
• angioedema.

If these manifestations are present, stop taking the medication immediately and seek medical help. Only the attending physician will be able to correctly assign the necessary funds.

Antibacterial drugs

The doctor can prescribe, in addition to drops, also antimicrobials for oral administration. But these drugs are prescribed only after the correct diagnosis. Also, the place of inflammation plays an important role. With inflammation of the middle ear, the following antibiotics are recommended:

1. Amoccicillin. This antibiotic struggles with the inflammatory process and the bacteria it caused. Adults are given capsules three times a day after meals. Usually the course of admission is 7 days.
2. Ampicillin trihydrate. Form release - powder, tablets or capsules. Contraindications - pregnancy, lactation, renal or hepatic insufficiency. Of adverse reactions, allergic reactions, diarrhea, in rare cases anaphylactic shock, headaches and dysbiosis.

Chronic otitis is characterized by a protracted manifestation of the disease, so another group of antibiotics is prescribed here.

Ciprofloxacin. This drug is used in many inflammations. Ciprofloxacin is not prescribed for pregnant women and people under the age of 18 years. If the drug is prescribed to a nursing woman, then you should stop feeding for the period of treatment. Adverse Reactions:

• diarrhea;
• nausea and swelling;
• dizziness;
• fatigue;
• sleep disturbance;
• tachycardia;
• skin rash;
• candidiasis.

If an overdose occurs, then an emergency gastric lavage is prescribed.

Nethylmycin. Apply it in injections. The injection is done 2 times a day in the ear area. The course of use depends on the severity of otitis media and lasts up to 14 days. Of the side effects can occur local allergic reactions, and then very rarely. Do not use Netilmitsin pregnant and lactating women, newborns and old people.

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http://www.youtube.com/watc? = gQ4Mw7IUgR0

Applying all preparations of antibacterial action, remember about adverse reactions of any antibacterial agent - it is a dysbacteriosis; To treat otitis in adults is necessary in conjunction with probiotics.

A number of complications that may occur with otitis media

1. Mastoiditis. Inflammatory process in the cells of the mastoid process. This complication occurs after 6 years of age.
2. The penetration of pus into the area of ​​the skull through the passage between the pyramidal and temporal bone.
3. Chronic course of the disease.
4. The emergence of adhesions and scars, from which the hearing in a person decreases.
5. Persistent dry perforation of the tympanic membrane.
6. Inflammation of the pyramidal bone (petrosite).
7. Paresis of the facial nerve.

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http://www.youtube.com/watc? = gvTN8dLxyjE

Prevention of otitis includes simple rules that can be easily observed without visiting a doctor. Regularly flush your nose, you can use ordinary boiled water or special nasal sprays to remove bacteria. These sprays contain xylitol, which fights bacteria. Doctors advise using gum with xylitol.

lor03.ru

Ear drops in otitis

For self-treatment of pain in the ears, people use the most effective and affordable means - drops. They are convenient to use, easy to buy without a prescription. Let's find out which children's ear drops are safe in otitis, which will help to cope with the illness of adults. We will try to understand the names and composition of the medicines offered, find out which drops to use from pain in the ears, what to give preference to, being treated with antibiotics.

Drops in the ears with inflammation

All drops of the ear during otitis are conventionally divided into four types:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• medicines with antibacterial action;
• combined preparations with glucocorticosteroid hormones;
• drugs against the fungus.

Anti-inflammatory

At the initial stage of inflammation, an inexpensive and safe "Albucid" (sodium sulfacil) is effective. When the disease is protracted or complicated, prescribe combined anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs based on non-steroid. The latter are based on alcohol and include phenazone and anesthetic lidocaine. Drops in the ears with inflammation have a drying and anti-inflammatory effect:

• "Otinum" (analogues - "Brotinum "Holikaps");
• "Otipaks
• "Ototon
• "Dropleks
• Otosporin;
• "Otikain."

List of combined preparations for effective treatment of purulent inflammations:

• "Garazon
• "Dexona
• "Dexa
• "Софрадекс
• Anauran;
• "Otipol
• "Polidex
• "Combined Duo
• "Jenodex
• "Pledrex
• "Dexon
• "Aprolat".

With antibiotic

Ear antibiotics - drugs, which include antibacterials of a wide spectrum of action (rifampicin, levomycetin, etc.). The use of such medicines quickly stops the spread of the inflammatory infection. Antibiotics for otitis in adults and toddlers prevent the secretion of pus and the possible perforation of the tympanic membrane. Effective preparations:

• "Otofa
• "Tsipromed
• "Ciprofloxacin
• "Normaks
• Norfloxacin (analogue of Normax);
• Fugentin;
• "Ofloxacin
• "Danzil
• Rifonat.

Separately it is necessary to note the combined preparation "Kandibiotic" with an active antimycotic component clotrimazole. Specialists consider this medicine to be the only effective treatment for inflammation of the ear caused by a fungus. The drug is effective for the treatment of allergic, infectious inflammation, due to its constituent antibiotic chloramphenicol and glucocorticosteroid hormone beclomethasone.

Than to drip an ear at a pain

Is it possible to drip hydrogen peroxide into the ear when it hurts? Yes, but the solution will only help to clear the ear canal from the pus, dissolve the sulfur plug. Long-lasting analgesic effect it does not possess, therefore it is necessary to apply medicines with anesthetic (lidocaine). Using medicines, you need to pay attention to contraindications, because not all medicines are allowed to children, and have restrictions for adults.

Adults

For adults, there are no contraindications in the use of ear drops. A number of drugs are prohibited for use by pregnant women, with breastfeeding and intolerance to individual components of the medication. For example, lidocaine can cause an allergic reaction. Of the popular pain medication should be given preference to such ear drops in otitis:

• "Candybiotic
• "Otipaks" (allowed during pregnancy);
• Anauran;
• "The Violet."

To kid

Not all drops of ear can be applied to children. They are suitable only for drugs with local effects, which do not enter the blood under the condition of an intact tympanic membrane. Pediatricians recommend using such ear drops in otitis in children:

1. "Otipaks "Otirelaks" are effective pain medications that are allowed to children from birth.
2. "Otofa" is a remedy with a pronounced antimicrobial effect, but not capable of removing pain. It is possible to be used even for babies.
3. "Отинум" - to children from 1 year.
4. "Kandibiotic" is a combined preparation with anti-inflammatory effect. Do not use for babies under 6 years old and with a damaged eardrum.
5. "Garazon" - means with an antibiotic, are allowed from 8 years.

Video: how to drip into your ears

Look at the video instruction on how to correctly inject the medicine into the external ear canal. An experienced nurse shows the order and peculiarities of the instillation procedure on the dummy, accompanying her actions with detailed comments. Find out what additional tools you might need, what mistakes are often made, using ear drops with inflammation, how to do so as not to harm yourself or another.

Reviews of drops in the ears with otitis

Elizaveta, 30 years old: I had to use the "Otof" tool once. Was on a business trip, when my ear ached. I could not get to the doctor, I asked something in the pharmacy. Very effective tool! To drip only three times. But it's uncomfortable to do it yourself, although there is a dispenser. And they are of intense orange color, they are badly washed off from the skin, so you need to use them carefully.

Tatyana, 28 years old: I have two small children, and my ears often ache for colds. We use otipax droplets. The pediatrician said that this is the safest medicine for otitis in children, it will be allowed to drip it from a month old. Very help to cope with the pain, and the therapeutic effect they have wonderful.

Tatiana, 41: Longly suffered from chronic otitis with dull plaques. Means tried expensive and cheap. Everything helped, but not for long. Then in a drugstore I was advised by "Tsipromed". There's a very detailed instruction for use - it's written how to dig in, what temperature there must be a remedy. The pain passes after the third application.

sovets.net

Antibiotics for otitis

Otitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process in various ear zones (external, middle or inner). Antibiotics in otitis are prescribed necessarily, based on the severity and stage of the process, the sensitivity of microorganisms, the degree of development of clinical symptoms, the age of the patient.

Untreated ear infections require the appointment of stronger antibiotics. Sometimes it is necessary to use not one, but several types of antibacterial agents, if the pathological process is in a neglected stage.

Consider the advisability of antibiotic therapy for inflammatory diseases of the ear.

Do you need antibiotics for otitis?

Antibiotic therapy is very important in the development of inflammatory processes. However, many experts are of the opinion that before the spontaneous perforation of the ear membrane and the exit of the exudative fluid, there is no need to prescribe antibiotics. The acute stage of uncomplicated otitis usually lasts for 5 days. Antimicrobial therapy is used in cases when symptomatic treatment of catarrhal otitis does not bring relief to the patient: the ear pain does not pass, the severity of the hearing worsens, there are signs of general intoxication organism.

When purulent discharge appears, an analysis is made of the content of microflora and the determination of its sensitivity to antibiotics. If there is no way to gain access to exudate, they make a puncture for taking samples of the intra-oral contents, or dispense with the prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobials.

Prevention of complications, especially in patients with low immune defense, can also serve as an indication for the prescription of antibiotic therapy.

What antibiotics to drink when otitis?

The most popular remedy, amoxicillin, has an excellent antimicrobial and antiseptic effect. In the absence of a patient's allergy to semisynthetic penicillins, it can be successfully administered at any stage of the inflammatory process. However, this drug is contraindicated in patients with impaired functional ability of the liver, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Aminoglycoside, netilmicin, is a drug for local injection use, used for no more than 14 consecutive days. Has good therapeutic parameters and a minimum of side effects.

The question about the appointment of medications is taken by the doctor individually after the results of the tests for the microflora of secretions.

If it is not possible to test the sensitivity of microflora to the action of antimicrobial agents, broad-spectrum drugs are prescribed:

• levomycetin, alcohol solution. Used on 2-3 drops with purulent otitis;
• amoxicillin 3 gram per day;
• augmentin 375 mg 3 times a day;
• cefuroxime IM injection;
• ceftriaxone 1 time per day;
• ampicillin in / m injection.

The connection of antibiotics to the otitis treatment schedule significantly reduces the likelihood of complications and improves the prognosis of the disease.

Antibiotics for otitis in children

Immediately before prescribing any medications, the child needs to assess his general condition and determine the further treatment tactics.

If a child has signs of otitis, it should not be rushed to prescribe antibiotics. They are used only in severe, moderate and complicated cases, especially in children under 2 years old, when the immune system is still in its infancy.

With an easy course of the inflammatory process, older children are usually treated with the elimination of clinical manifestations of the disease, using analgesics, ear drops, compresses, ointments, lotions. But if there is a characteristic picture of the general intoxication of the body, there is an increased temperature, persistent headaches - you can not do without antibiotics. In such cases, the sick child is hospitalized in the hospital, where the doctor decides on the further use of the drugs. Typically, preference is given to the known and effective antibiotic amoxicillin. However, if within two days after taking the child's well-being did not improve, another drug, for example, from the cephalosporin series, is prescribed.

During the treatment with antibiotics, the prescribed dosage should be strictly observed throughout the entire prescribed course, even in cases of persistent improvement in the general condition of the patient. Because of the unmotivated dose reduction, weakened, but living bacteria can gain new strength, and then the inflammatory process will flash again.

Antibiotics for otitis in adults

Otitis in adults often has an infectious etiology. Therefore, antibacterial drugs are used quite often, along with analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, with warming procedures and washing with antiseptic.

The type of antibiotic administered is determined depending on the infection present in the ear. In severe cases, several types of antibiotics can be used concomitantly, for example, orally and as intramuscular injections.

In acute otitis media, antibiotics are prescribed without fail: amoxicillin, amoxiclav, doxycycline, rovamycin. The drugs are administered in the form of tablets and capsules for internal use, and for severe and unfavorable course of the disease, intramuscular or intravenous injections are used.

Antibiotic therapy with caution is prescribed to elderly people and is categorically contraindicated in women during gestation and breastfeeding of a child.

Antibiotics for acute otitis media

The acute course of otitis is characterized by a sharp increase in symptoms, a rapid deterioration in the overall well-being of the patient - worried painful pain in the ear, giving away the entire half of the head and teeth, a rapid rise in body temperature to 39 degrees.

Very effective in such situations antibacterial agents, applied topically, in the form of drops and ointments. But in many cases there is a need for taking systemic drugs. Combined antibiotics have a wider range of effects, high functional activity. Such combinations of drugs as neomycin + bacitracin, polymyxin + hydrocortisone have high performance indicators.

For the treatment of acute otitis can be used any of the antibiotics of a wide range of applications that have a pronounced bactericidal action and restore the natural weakly acidic environment of the auditory passage. The most suitable are semi-synthetic penicillins, resistant to beta-lactamases (dicloxacillin orally or oxacillin intravenously, and also a group of cephalosporins).

Antibiotics for chronic otitis media

Chronic otitis develops, as a rule, with improper or untimely treatment of acute inflammation.

In chronic otitis, a wide variety of pathogens is characteristic, mixing various types of bacteria in the exudate, which greatly complicates the choice of antibiotic and the appointment of a general scheme treatment. Destruction of the polymicrobial flora requires the use of more powerful drugs, and sometimes their combinations.

In the case of long-standing and hard-to-treat chronic forms of otitis, medications such as sparflof (400 mg orally at first, on subsequent days, 200 mg daily), avelox 400 mg daily for one reception. The course of treatment should last from 10 to 14 days, with mandatory background reception of antifungal and normalizing microflora drugs and vitamin complexes.

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is very popular in medical institutions in Europe. This drug is good in that it has a harmful effect on both active bacteria and immobile ones. It is taken on an empty stomach three times a day, the maximum daily dose of 750 mg.

Antibiotics for medium otitis media

Otitis media, the most common form of otitis media, is an inflammatory process in the middle ear region.

Antibiotic therapy is prescribed, as a rule, with the development of complications, a protracted course of the disease and the presence of fluid in the ear canal. The most suitable drug is selected based on the patient's allergic sensitivity, his condition and age. If it is impossible to clarify which specific pathogen caused the disease, a systemic antibiotic is prescribed, on a wide spectrum of the most typical pathogens of otitis media (pneumococcal infection, hemophilic rod, moraxella and other).

Most often in the treatment of otitis media preference is given to amoxicillin. The usual dosage for adults is 3 g daily, three times a day. Children take 85 mg per kg of body weight per day.

If after 2-3 days the clinical picture does not improve, it is necessary to replace this antibiotic with a stronger combination drug - for example, amoxiclav, cefuroxime.

Antibiotics for purulent otitis

The development of purulent otitis is characterized by the breakthrough of the internal membrane and the release of purulent contents outwards.

During this period it is advisable to designate rinses with antimicrobial agents (not having ototoxic action, that is, not depressing the auditory function), the introduction of combined solutions into the ear cavity antibiotics. Such procedures are carried out exclusively in a hospital or clinic by an otolaryngologist.

General therapeutic methods for purulent otitis do not differ from those in the standard inflammatory process. Antibacterial therapy is carried out by complex preparations erythromycin, clarithromycin, amoxiclav, ceftriaxone. With the development of complications and long-term course of the disease, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, olfen) are connected. The well-known drug of the first generation ampicillin remains popular, although more rational use of newer drugs - amoxicillin (flemoxin, ospamox).

Antibiotics for external otitis

External otitis affects the skin of the ear, the outer zone of the auditory canal and the periosteum, which is located just under the skin. If it is not possible to examine the state of the tympanic membrane and to exclude a deeper spread of the process, the treatment is prescribed simultaneously for both external and internal otitis media.

The main point in the treatment of external otitis media is the use of antibiotics in the form of ear drops (ofloxacin, neomycin). You can also use a cotton swab with an antimicrobial ointment or antibiotic solution, injected deep into the ear canal. Such a tampon should be changed every, hour during the day.

It is necessary to connect additional methods of treatment, such as warming compresses, vitamin therapy, support of intestinal microflora.

Most often, in the treatment of external otitis media, there is no need to prescribe antimicrobial agents. Antibiotic therapy is carried out only in cases of complications, or in patients with critically weakened immune forces of the body.

Drops from otitis with antibiotic

Drops used to treat ear inflammatory processes are usually very effective, since they are injected directly into the inflammatory focus. They can be of several types:

• hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (otinum, otypaks);
• solutions of antibiotics (levomitsetin, noraks, tsipromed, fugentin);
• Combined solutions combining the action of an antibiotic and a glucocorticoid (sfradex, anauran, polydex, garazon).

The drug anauran is applicable for all types of acute and chronic forms of otitis, used by adults and children 3-5 drops three times a day.

Drops of sfradex can be used for medicinal purposes with otitis and conjunctivitis, have a strong anti-inflammatory and antiallergic local effect.

Drops, as a rule, have a fairly wide range of action. Used topically 4 drops twice a day in the affected ear, children 2-3 drops three times a day.

Ear drops, which contain corticosteroids, are cautiously prescribed to young children and pregnant women.

If you suspect a possible allergic reaction (swelling of the ear, the appearance of rash, itching) The use of drops is stopped, and the doctor reviews the treatment regimen and replaces the drug for more suitable.

The best antibiotic for otitis

The best antibiotic for otitis is determined by the results of the analysis for the microflora. As for preparations of a wide spectrum of action, it should be especially noted amoxicillin, which is most often used in medical practice with various types of otitis and in most cases has a positive therapeutic effect in all age groups.

Amoxicillin belongs to the penicillin series of antibiotics, it oppresses the action of most harmful microorganisms: streptococci, staphylococcus, E. coli, etc.

The drug is administered separately from food intake, g, g 3 times a day, with a complicated disease up to 3 grams per day. The duration of taking amoxicillin, like any other antibiotic, is at least 8-10 days. Even with a marked improvement in the patient's well-being and the disappearance of clinical symptoms, treatment continues until the indicated time. Untimely cancellation of antimicrobial agents can trigger a relapse of the inflammatory process, and in a more severe form.

How to cure otitis without antibiotics?

Therapeutic actions in uncomplicated otitis media may not include antibiotics. Sometimes there is more than enough conservative complex treatment of the inflammatory process:

• if necessary, prescribe antipyretics (aspirin, paracetamol);
• three times a day otipax preparation - 2 drops per diseased ear;
• application of a nasal spray to remove the edema of mucous membranes (nasivin, noxprey, etc.);
• at regular intervals, change ear pads with the drug substance (boric alcohol, vodka, onion juice);
• with external otitis, apply antibacterial agent to the ear and the adjacent zone;
• when inflammation should drink a lot of fluids, as with colds (tea made from raspberries, currants, dogrose, linden);
• provide the patient with peace, monitor the absence of drafts.

At the first signs of otitis, you can try to use folk methods of treating the disease. Even those plants that grow directly in the house, on the window: aloe, colanchoe, agave, geranium, can be useful. A freshly cut leaf or a portion of it is folded into a turunda and inserted into a sore ear. You can squeeze out the juice from the plants and dig it in 3-5 drops into the diseased ear.

As a drop, you can also use a warm solution of honey, celandine juice, mint tincture, boric alcohol.

During treatment, you should drink a lot of liquid, it is not superfluous to take multivitamin complexes, as well as funds that strengthen immunity.

With a clear deterioration of the patient's condition, it is still necessary to consult a doctor to prevent further progression of the disease and the development of complications.

To avoid inflammation in the ear, remember that during the cold season it is not permissible to go out to street without a headdress, the more you should not do this immediately after showering or taking bath. After visiting the pool or swimming on the beach, you need to wipe your ears well, not allowing a long time of water, especially dirty, in the ear canals.

If the disease still comes up, treatment is best conducted under the supervision of a specialist who will prescribe the appropriate treatment and the necessary antibiotics for otitis.

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Treatment of otitis in adults. Effective treatment of otitis

Otitis is an inflammatory ear disease. In order to understand why the disease occurs and what processes are taking place, consider the anatomical structure of the hearing organ and the process by which it perceives information.

Ear structure

The human ear has a very complex structure, which can be divided into three sections: the outer, middle and inner ear. The outer ear is the auricle, which perceives sound waves, directing them into the external auditory canal. The outer and middle ear are separated by a tympanic membrane, which conditionally represents a hymen or a film.

The middle ear is a cavity, a space in the temporal bone with three hearing bones located in it - a hammer, an anvil and a staple. It should be noted that the middle ear is closely related to the nasopharynx. Functionally, bones strengthen the received sound vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear. The inner ear is a labyrinth of membranes in the stony section of the temporal bone with many bends filled with liquid. The vibrations coming from the middle ear are transferred to a liquid that already affects the receptors. So information is transmitted to the brain in the form of nerve impulses.

The concept, types of otitis. Causes

Otitis is a disease that can develop in any of the three parts of the ear, depending on the place in which the inflammatory process occurs, distinguish:

1. Otitis of the external ear.
2. Otitis of the middle ear.
3. Inflammation of the inner ear (or labyrinthitis).

Causes that contribute to the onset of the disease or aggravate its course, many, but the main ones include:

• diseases of the nasopharynx, leading to swelling and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the middle ear;
• diseases that suppress and weaken the immune system (influenza, measles);
• supercooling;
• getting into the ear of cold water;
• trauma and various injuries of the tympanic membrane, which may cause infection in the middle ear cavity;
• genetic predisposition.

By nature, the causative agent causing the disease, otitis is divided into:

1. Viral.
2. Bacterial.
3. Fungal.

Let us consider in more detail the inflammatory processes that occur in each of the three parts of the human ear, the symptoms and possible complications of otitis.

External otitis media. Classification. Symptoms

External otitis is an inflammation of the skin of the auricle along with the external auditory canal, which is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. There are two types of external otitis media: limited and diffuse.

In most cases, limited inflammation is represented by furunculosis - the formation of boils. Furuncle - acute purulent process of the sebaceous gland or hair follicle, caused by pyogenic bacteria. If there are favorable factors in the human body, including chronic infection, diabetes mellitus, local trauma and skin contamination, insect bites, staphylococcal microflora begins to actively provoke the inflammatory process.

Sometimes the disease is a complication of a previous flu or may be caused by an allergic reaction to medications. Signs of external otitis are itching; pain that occurs when touching an inflamed ear; redness and swelling of the skin of the external auditory canal, or auricle; sometimes the temperature may rise body. Hearing, as a rule, while not suffering.

Spilled otitis externa is an inflammation of the external ear, which very often can spread to the eardrum.

According to the duration of the disease, the external otitis is classified into acute and chronic. The latter is a consequence of the lack of treatment or incorrect treatment of the acute form of the disease.

Otitis of the external ear is considered to be the mildest type of disease in comparison with otitis media of the middle ear and internal otitis media and often does not lead to serious complications, although sometimes it can cause an increase in the lymph nodes system. Inflammation of the mucosa grows into a malignant form (tissue necrosis) in the presence of a person associated with severe functional diseases (diabetes) or the virus of immunodeficiency. But such cases, fortunately, are rare.

Otitis media. Classification and symptoms

Of all forms of otitis, both in children and adults, inflammation of the middle ear is most common. As noted earlier, the nature of the disease can be bacterial and viral. Among the bacteria, the main pathogens are streptococci or a hemophilic rod. To viruses that cause inflammation, you can include rhinovirus, influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus.

The first signs of inflammation of the middle ear are pulsating, shooting or aching pains in the organ, which are intensified by swallowing, sneezing or coughing. Characteristic for this disease is also noise in the ear, weakness, sleep disorder, lack of appetite, severe deterioration of hearing.

In general, the inflammation of the middle ear is the result of a previous cold or flu, in which the immunity decreases and the number of bacteria in the nasal cavity increases. The nasal cavity is connected with the middle ear by the auditory tube, in which liquid and various microorganisms accumulate, which trigger the onset of the inflammatory process. The tympanic membrane undergoes pressure and expands in volumes to the outside, which causes pain.

The course of the disease can be different in speed of development, as well as in duration, according to what distinguish:

1. Acute otitis media (the ear accumulates fluid). This is the reason for the audibility of your own voice in your head.
2. Chronic otitis (the ear is filled with pus).

Acute otitis media. Forms

If the inflammatory process is classified according to the nature of the course (clinical picture), then the otitis can be catarrhal or purulent, thus, the development of the disease undergoes three stages - acute catarrhal otitis, acute purulent otitis and stage recovery.

Acute catarrhal otitis is an inflammatory process associated with the localization of fluid in the middle ear cavity. For this form of the disease, in addition to pain and increased body temperature (38-39 ° C), reddening and swelling of the tympanic membrane, ear congestion are characteristic. The patients note that they hear their own voice in the head during the conversation.

The appearance of foci of pus and its accumulation in the cavity of the middle ear is acute purulent otitis. Treatment for the first 2-3 days is not carried out, because as usual during this period, the eardrum ruptures and the pus outward. In this case, the patient becomes better, the body temperature returns to normal, the pain stops. In addition to pus, blood and serous discharge can be observed. If the course of the disease passes without complications, then the third stage comes in - a recovery stage.

With the onset of the reconstructive stage, the inflammatory process decreases, the suppression stops and a progressive tightening of the damaged membrane occurs. If the treatment of otitis in adults passes in accordance with the appointments and under the supervision of a specialist, then recovery occurs in 2-3 weeks. By this time, the rumor, as a rule, is fully restored.

Chronic otitis media. Stages of

If untimely or insufficient treatment, acute otitis becomes chronic. Otitis chronic is an inflammatory process, which is characterized by a permanent or recurrent suppuration from the ear. This type of otitis, in addition to already known symptoms, such as: high fever, itching, deterioration of the general condition, there are inherent complications in the form of hearing loss and persistent perforation of the drum webbeds. Usually the chronic course of the disease is a consequence of previous sinusitis or acute purulent otitis media. In some cases, this form of otitis occurs as a result of rupture (or perforation) of the tympanic membrane or curvature of the nasal septum after the injury. Depending on the localization of the perforation, and also on its size, three stages of chronic otitis are distinguished:

1. Tubotympanal otitis (mesotympanitis).
2. Epimezotimpanit.
3. Epitimpanitis.

With tubotimponal form of otitis, the violation of the tympanic membrane occurs, as a rule, in the central part, and the pathology is manifested by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the tympanic cavity. Inflammation does not affect bone tissue.

Epimezotimpanit - a stage of chronic otitis, in which there is extensive perforation of the tympanic membrane, the damage affects its upper and middle divisions.

Epitimpanoanthral form of otitis is characterized by rupture of the upper, most pliable and fragile areas of the membrane. This stage of the disease, as well as epimezotimpanit, is dangerous by the occurrence of pathological processes associated with the formation of granulomas, polyps and cholesteatoma - a capsule filled and surrounded purulent particles of the epidermis, which, constantly expanding, presses on the tympanic membrane, destroys the bone component of the middle ear and opens the "road" to the purulent process in the inner ear.

In addition, there is another form of inflammatory process - bilateral otitis - a disease that simultaneously affects the hearing organ from both sides.

If we consider the existing complications of the disease, the perforation of the tympanic membrane is the most common. With prolonged accumulation of pus there is an increase in pressure in the middle ear, resulting in the membrane becoming thinner. There is a risk of its rupture (perforation). To prevent the transition of the inflammatory process to the stage of internal otitis and to avoid subsequent development of serious pathologies, it is necessary to resort to the puncture of the tympanic membrane surgically, and not to wait for the moment when this happens spontaneously.

Inflammation of the inner ear. Symptoms

Internal otitis has another name - labyrinthitis is a disease that occurs less frequently in comparison with otitis of the external and middle ear, but is the most dangerous in terms of the threat to health and life rights. Purulent processes that affect bone tissue can cause severe complications, for example, meningitis (inflammatory process in the brain envelopes) or sepsis (blood infection due to falling into the her pus). As a rule, the internal otitis media is the result of complications of previous otitis media, or the consequences of a serious infectious disease. High body temperature, severe headache and vomiting, loss of balance - these are all symptoms of internal otitis, in which it is necessary to seek help from a specialist as soon as possible. In addition, with such forms of the disease, there is a sharp deterioration of the hearing until its complete loss.

In order to make an accurate diagnosis and, consequently, to prescribe the correct treatment regimen for the patient, doctors resort to otorhinolaryngological examination and laboratory tests.

Diagnosis of otitis. Surveys and studies

Laboratory diagnostics is carried out mainly in order to establish the nature of the origin of otitis - bacteriological or virologic. With the serological reaction of blood serum and polymerase chain reaction, antibodies to pathogens are detected. Also, the results of a general blood test will show the presence or absence of an inflammatory process in the body.

The basic instrumental methods of otitis diagnosis:

• Tympanocenosis is the study of fluid obtained by surgical puncture of the membrane. The procedure allows you to determine the antibiotic needed to fight a particular type of infection, but in practice it is not often used.
• Tympanometry - checking the mobility of the tympanic membrane.
• Otoscopy - examination of the tympanic membrane and auditory passage by means of an otoscope.
• Audiometry is the definition of hearing acuity when suspected of reducing it.
• Computer tomography of the brain and skull structure (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - are used in case of suspicion of suppurative inflammatory processes and intracranial complications, help to diagnose the formation of various pathologies - polyps, cholesteanomas and so on.

Conservative treatment of otitis in adults

To avoid the development of complications and to achieve recovery with minimal waste of time and effort, otitis should be treated in a timely manner, in fact, like any other disease. For each form of the inflammatory process, a special treatment is provided, with its own procedures and medical preparations.

Otitis of the external ear is treated out-patient, with the use of drops, which contain an antibiotic. Sometimes antibiotics can be prescribed together with corticosteroids or antihistamines, if the disease is caused by an allergic reaction. There are also procedures for washing the ear canal with an antiseptic solution. If this therapy does not lead to recovery or is not possible due to severe edema of the ear canal and face cellulite, oral medications are prescribed. At elevated body temperature, antipyretic agents are used, as well as analgesics if pain syndrome is present. In rare cases, with the formation of purulent inflammation of the external ear tissues, surgical intervention can be indicated.

Elimination of inflammation in the middle ear in the normal course of the disease is outpatient. Treatment of otitis in adults is performed with the appointment of antibiotics, antiseptics and bed rest. To reduce the painful syndrome, a warm 96% alcohol is used as a drop (this procedure is contraindicated in suppuration). For topical administration, physiotherapy is prescribed, it is also possible to use a blue lamp. It will be superfluous and warming the compress in otitis (alcohol, vodka or based on camphor oil), which should be kept no more than 3-4 hours. It must also be remembered that you can not put a compress at an elevated body temperature.

If the disease does not go without complications, then the patient will show signs of acute otitis - the purulent otitis will develop. Treatment can be continued with the help of antibiotics or by surgical intervention.

Surgical intervention

Sometimes it happens that conservative treatment of otitis in adults does not lead to an improvement in the patient's condition. In such situations, a surgical dissection of the tympanostomy is performed. This manipulation makes it possible to avoid complications, since the puncture is done at a favorable and correct point, pus goes out through a specially installed tube, and the pain syndrome decreases, and recovery comes faster. In addition, the biomaterial (festering isolates) is subject to a laboratory bacteriological study for sensitivity to antibiotics. If, after the performed procedures, the acuity of hearing is not restored, purges and pneumatic massage can be prescribed.

There are cases when there is a natural rupture of the tympanic membrane. This is observed mainly with inflammation of the middle ear and requires immediate surgical intervention.

With tubotimponal form of otitis, the task of surgical treatment is restoring the integrity of the tympanoplasty using tympanoplasty using its own cartilage.

Epitimpanoanthral form of otitis is associated with destruction of bone tissue. In such a course of the disease, the goal of surgical intervention is to remove bone pathology and restore the tympanic membrane using prostheses made of inert materials (titanium).

Internal otitis is the result of ineffective treatment of otitis media and is dangerous due to purulent complications with damage to the membranes of the brain. Therefore, in such forms of the disease, hospitalization of the patient with further surgical care is necessary.

It should be remembered that prevention is always better than treatment. Prevention of otitis can be the timely elimination of foci of infection within the body (caries, sinusitis), as well as the elimination of hypothermia. When the first signs of the disease appear, it is important to immediately seek medical help from specialists.

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