Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin is a substance with antimicrobial activity. On bacteria, it acts bactericidal (pernicious), which is achieved due to the inhibition of the synthesis of their DNA.

Ciprofloxacin has a wide spectrum of action, therefore it is used to treat diseases of various organ systems. The highest activity is manifested in aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella and others. In addition, it is active against staphylococci, mycoplasmas, chlamydia.

The effectiveness of the action is maintained against bacteria that produce beta-lactamase and those that are resistant to the action of other groups of antibiotics.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Antimicrobial agent of a broad spectrum of action of a group of fluoroquinolones.

Terms of sale from pharmacies

Can buyby prescription.

Price

How much is ciprofloxacin 500 mg in pharmacies? The average price is at the level of40 rubles.

Composition and form of release

Ciprofloxacin tablets are covered with a film intestine-soluble film. They have a white color and a smooth surface.

• One tablet contains the active ingredient: ciprofloxacin 250 mg or 500 mg; auxiliary substances: povidone, silicon dioxide colloidal anhydrous, talc, croscarmellose sodium, corn starch, magnesium stearate, opadrai II (contains - polyvinyl alcohol, talc, macrogol 3350, lecithin, titanium dioxide).

Tablets are packaged in a blister for 10 pieces. Cardboard pack contains 1 blister with tablets, as well as instructions for use.

Pharmacological effect

The main active component of tablets Ciprofloxacin belongs to the antibacterial agents of the fluoroquinolones group. It has a bactericidal effect, leading to the death of sensitive bacteria. Such an effect is realized by suppressing the catalytic activity of the enzyme of a bacterial DNA-gyrase cell. This leads to a disruption in the replication (doubling) of DNA and the death of the bacterial cell.

The drug has sufficient activity against active (dividing) and inactive bacterial cells. It has a bactericidal effect against a significant number of gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, Gonococcus) bacteria. Also, the drug leads to the death of specific bacteria, which are intracellular parasites (mycobacterium tuberculosis, legionella, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia). Activity of tablets Ciprofloxacin against pale treponema (syphilis causative agent) remains unclear.

After taking the Ciprofloxacin pill inside the active ingredient is well absorbed into the systemic bloodstream and evenly distributed in the tissues where it has a therapeutic effect.

Indications for use

Its wide application Ciprofloxacin found in the treatment of the following diseases:

1. Diseases of the respiratory system that occur in acute or chronic form: bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy.
2. Otolaryngological diseases (ENT organs): otitis media, sinusitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis.
3. Diseases of the pelvic organs: cystitis, pyelonephritis, adnexitis, oophoritis, prostatitis.
4. In addition to the main fields of application, Ciprofloxacin is used for diarrhea of ​​infectious origin, dysentery and salmonellosis.

In the surgical practice of physicians, this drug is used in the postoperative period to reduce the risks of surgical complications.

Due to the bactericidal action of the drug, it is often used to stop soft tissue infections, as well as in diseases musculoskeletal system, peritonitis and other conditions, which are caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Contraindications

Refuse to take Ciprofloxacin in the following conditions and diseases:

• hypersensitivity to the composition of the drug;
• pregnancy;
• breast-feeding;
• children's age till 18 years;
• lactose intolerance;
• epilepsy.

Intended use for pregnancy and lactation

Safety of use and efficacy of the drug in pregnancy are not established.

Experiments on animals showed that in young animals the drug caused arthropathy. The use of doses exceeding 6 times the average daily for humans in pregnant female rats and mice did not provoke any abnormalities in fetal development.

In rabbits who received 30 and 100 mg / kg of ciprofloxacin inside, violations of the function of the gastrointestinal tract were recorded and, as a consequence, weight loss and an increase in the incidence of miscarriage. There was no teratogenic effect in this case.

When administered to the vein of the drug at a dose of 20 mg / kg, there was also no teratogenic effect and toxic effect on the embryo and the mother's body.

Use in pregnancy Ciprofloxacin for topical use is possible in the presence of indications and provided that the benefit to the maternal organism will exceed the risks to the fetus.

According to the FDA classification, the drug belongs to the category C.

Ciprofloxacin excreted in milk, so lactating women need to be resolved (given the importance of the application drug for the mother), stop breastfeeding or stop treatment with ciprofloxacin.

Local forms during lactation are used with caution. it is not known whether the medication penetrates into breast milk in this case.

Dosage and route of administration

As indicated in the instructions for use of the tablet, Ciprofloxacin is taken orally after ingestion, swallowing whole, with a small amount of liquid. The intake of fasting tablets accelerates the absorption of the active substance.

Recommended dosing: 250 mg 2-3 times a day, with severe infections - 500-750 mg 2 times a day (once every 12 hours).

Dosing depending on the disease / condition:

• chronic carrier of salmonella: twice a day for 500 mg (if necessary, increase to 750 mg) by a course of up to 28 days;
• severe infections (recurrent cystic fibrosis, infections of the abdominal cavity, bones, joints) caused by pseudomonas or staphylococci, acute pneumonia caused by streptococci, chlamydial infections of the urinary tract: twice a day (once every 12 hours) at a dose of 750 mg (the course of therapy of osteomyelitis can last up to 60 days);
• urinary tract infection: twice a day for 250-500 mg with a course of 7 to 10 days;
• chronic prostatitis: twice a day for 500 mg with a course of 28 days;
• uncomplicated gonorrhea: 250-500 mg once;
• gonococcal infection in combination with chlamydia and mycoplasmosis: twice a day (once every 12 hours) 750 mg for 7 to 10 days;
• chancroid: twice daily for 500 mg for several days;
• meningococcal carriage in the nasopharynx: 500-750 mg once;
• infections of the gastrointestinal tract caused by Staphylococcus aureus: twice a day (once every 12 hours) at a dose of 750 mg by a course of 7 to 28 days;
• complications caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children 5-17 years of age with cystic fibrosis of the lungs: twice a day for 20 mg / kg (maximum daily dose - 1500 mg) by a course of 10 to 14 days;
• pulmonary form of anthrax (treatment and prevention): twice a day for children 15 mg / kg, adults - 500 mg (maximum dose: single dose - 500 mg, daily - 1000 mg), the course of treatment - up to 60 days, start taking the drug should be immediately after infection (alleged or confirmed).

The maximum daily dose of ciprofloxacin in renal failure:

• Creatinine clearance (CK) 31-60 ml / min / 1.73 m2 or serum creatinine concentration of 1.4-1.9 mg / 100 ml - 1000 mg;
• CK <30 ml / min / 1.73 m2 or serum creatinine concentration> 2 mg / 100 ml - 500 mg.

Patients on hemo- or peritoneal dialysis should take the pill after a dialysis session.

Patients in old age require a dose reduction of 30%.

Adverse Reactions

Very often, as a side effect, there are fungal superinfections. Candidiasis can have different localization - on the skin, internal organs, vagina, oral cavity. A dangerous adverse reaction is antibiotic-associated colitis, which can result in death.

Undesirable reactions can arise from many systems of organs:

1. Respiratory organs: respiratory failure, nosebleeds, bronchospasm, pulmonary embolism.
2. Gastrointestinal tract: dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
3. Bones and muscles: inflammatory processes, tenderness, the likelihood of seizures and rupture of tendons.
4. Hemopoiesis: a decrease in the level of leukocytes and platelets, anemia, an increase in the level of eosinophils.
5. Immune: allergic reactions, including immediate type.
6. Mental disorders: migraine, dizziness, insomnia, depression, confusion, hallucinations.
7. Organs of the senses: hearing and vision impairment, double vision or pain in the eyes, change in taste.
8. Heart and blood vessels: tachycardia, stenocardia, arrhythmia, vasculitis, hemorrhagic diathesis, vasodilation and pressure drop.
9. Skin: dermatitis, itching, photosensitivity, erythema.
10. The urinary system: the appearance in the urine of blood and uncharacteristic inclusions, the change in its daily amount.

In addition, there may be increased sweating, general malaise, swelling, a violation of gait.

The most frequent side effects in children are pathological processes in the joints.

Overdose Symptoms

Symptoms of an overdose of ciprofloxacin with oral intake or intravenous administration are nausea, vomiting, mental agitation, a clouded consciousness.

The specific antidote is unknown. When taking the drug inside, it is recommended to do a gastric lavage. Also, carefully monitor the patient's condition, if necessary, resort to emergency measures and ensure the flow of large amounts of fluid into the body. By means of hemo- or peritoneal dialysis, only a small (less than 10%) amount of Ciprofloxacin is excreted.

Cases of overdose of ciprofloxacin in topical application are not recorded. If the medication is accidentally taken orally, the appearance of overdose symptoms is unlikely, since the ciprofloxacin content in 1 bottle of drops is negligible and is only 15 mg with a maximum daily dose for adult patients of 1000 mg, for children - 500 mg. However, if the product is not intentionally ingested, consult a physician.

special instructions

Before you start using the drug, read the special instructions:

1. In case of persistent diarrhea, ciprofloxacin should be discontinued.
2. During treatment, patients should receive a sufficient amount of fluid.
3. Do not administer ciprofloxacin subconjunctivalally or directly into the anterior chamber of the eye.
4. During the treatment period, a decrease in the reactivity is possible (especially when used simultaneously with alcohol).
5. With simultaneous intravenous administration of ciprofloxacin and barbiturates, it is necessary to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG. During the treatment, it is necessary to control the concentration in the blood of urea, creatinine, hepatic transaminases.
6. Patients with impaired renal function require a correction of the dosing regimen. They are used with caution in elderly patients, with atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, cerebral circulation disorders, epilepsy, convulsive syndrome of unclear etiology.

Compatibility with other drugs

When using the drug, it is necessary to take into account the interaction with other drugs:

1. With simultaneous use with warfarin, the risk of bleeding increases.
2. With the simultaneous use of ciprofloxacin with didanosine, ciprofloxacin absorption decreases due to the formation of ciprofloxacin complexons with aluminum and magnesium buffers contained in didanosine.
3. Simultaneous reception of antacids, as well as preparations containing ions of aluminum, zinc, iron or magnesium, can cause decrease in absorption of ciprofloxacin, therefore the interval between the appointment of these drugs should be at least 4 hours.
4. With the simultaneous use of ciprofloxacin and theophylline, an increase in the concentration of theophylline in the blood plasma, an increase T1 / 2 theophylline, which leads to an increased risk of toxic action associated with theophylline.

Patient Reviews

We offer you to read reviews of people who used Ciprofloxacin:

1. Inna. And I was discharged from cystitis Ciprofloxacin. But some antibiotics could not cope with the problem and in the complex I started drinking Monorel. This drug is recommended by the leading urologists in the treatment of cystitis, so I bought it without hesitation. A year has passed, but I do not remember the problem)
2. Marina. I used ciprofloxacin in the treatment of meibomite (barley) in a daughter on the recommendation of an ophthalmologist. The medicine really helped - on the 2nd day the purulent contents began to flow away. The only drawback is that if ciprofloxacin hits the skin, itching and red rashes appear, so you need to use with an island (wash your face after instillation, if necessary, give an antiallergic agent).
3. Elena. The doctor prescribed me ciprofloxacin for the treatment of inflammation of the bladder. The course of 10 days for 2 tablets. The drug helped me, with repeated tests, inflammation was not found. During the reception on the third day, I had a side effect in the form of abdominal pain and indigestion. But then these symptoms disappeared. As I understand it, ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic of a new generation, quite effective and reliable.

Analogues

Synonyms of Ciprofloxacin are Ciprodox, Basigen, Procipro, Promed, Iphipro, Eco-fitsol, Ceprova. Similar to it on the principle of action drugs are the following:

• Nolycin;
• Gatispan;
• Zanotsin;
• Abaktal;
• Levotech;
• Levofloxacin;
• Eleflox;
• Ivacin;
• Mossimak;
• Oflocid.

Before buying an analogue, consult your doctor.

Shelf life and storage conditions

The shelf life of the ciprofloxacin tablets is 2 years from the date of manufacture. They should be stored in intact packaging, dark, dry, inaccessible to children at an air temperature of not more than 25 ° C.

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