Platelets are small blood plates that form in the cells of the red bone marrow and play an important role in the processes of hemostasis and thrombosis.
It is from the platelets depends on the preservation of blood in the liquid state, the dissolution of blood clots formed and the protection of the walls of blood vessels from damage.
There are established norms of thrombocytes in women, men and children in the analysis of blood. If platelets are raised, it is fraught with the formation of thrombi, and if the number of platelets is below normal, talk about the low blood coagulation ability, which in turn will cause severe bleeding.
Reduced platelets
Decreased platelet count(thrombocytopenia) is observed in the following cases:
- taking a number of medications;
- chronic and acute leukemia;
- aplastic and hypoplastic conditions of unknown cause;
- dysfunction of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism);
- virus diseases (measles, rubella, chicken pox, influenza);
- syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (ICE);
- increased spleen activity in liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic viral hepatitis;
- connective tissue diseases: lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma;
- Werlhof's disease is an autoimmune disease in which a decrease in the number of platelets is due to their increased destruction under the influence of specific antibodies.
- tendency to bruising with minor injuries;
- frequent nasal bleeding;
- hemorrhage in internal organs;
- bleeding gums;
- the appearance of bleeding from the digestive system;
- heavy menstrual bleeding in women.
In some cases, thrombocytopenia may be one of the early manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Elevated platelets
A high level of platelets in the blood is thrombocytosis. It can be primary and secondary.
- The first is a characteristic sign of blood diseases, most often because of too rapid a division of these cellular forms associated with their transformation due to a tumor.
- The second is a consequence of active production of thrombopoietin, which catalyzes mitosis and endomitosis of colony-forming cells and megakaryocytes.
Besides,for increased platelet countsome diseases may be characteristic:
- Myelofibrosis;
- Hemolysis;
- Erythemia;
- Internal bleeding;
- Malignant neoplasms;
- Various inflammatory processes, especially chronic course.
As a reason for raising the level of platelets can also act as a result of prolonged use of corticosteroids. In some cases, the cause of the shift may be hidden in the postoperative state of the patient.
And do not panic, because modern technology and experienced professionals are ready to bring small blood corpuscles back to normal. Treatment appoints a hematologist, he picks up the necessary drug, which reduces the level of platelets in the blood.
Rate of platelets in the blood
If the platelets are normal - this indicates a good hematopoiesis. The norm of platelets in men, women and children is different.
In adults, their level should be:
- for women - 150-400x109 per liter of blood;
- for pregnant women - 100-420Х109;
- for men - 180-320Х109.
Deviations from the norm in the platelet count are a very important signal for the doctor.
The norm of platelets in men
If the level of platelets is increased, then the body can begin to form clots. If the level is lowered, there may be increased bleeding. Both these pathologies are dangerous.
Platelets, the norm of which for men is from 180 to 320 billion / l, can be lowered because of blood loss. It is for this reason that women have lowered their levels during menstruation. However, the reduction associated with blood loss should be temporary.
The pathological condition associated with a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood is called thrombocytopenia. And excess of norm is called thrombocytosis.
The norm of platelets in the blood of women
If we talk about the norm of platelets in the blood, then the level should vary from 200 to 400 thousand / μl.
In women, the indices may be different, for example, with blood loss during menstruation, the indicator can be reduced to 75-220 thousand. U / l, and this too will be a variant of the norm. In pregnancy, the number of platelets in the blood naturally decreases, and therefore the norm for women "in the position" is somewhat lower - 100-420 thousand. Unit / μl.
It would also be superfluous to mention that the norm also depends on the age category of women:
- from 16-80 years - the norm is 180-320 thousand / mkl;
- from 18-15 years - 180-340 thousand / mkl;
- from 1-4 years - 150-300 thousand / mkl;
- up to a year - 120-300 thousand / mkl.
The lowered level of platelets suggests that the walls of the vessels are fragile, the blood is too liquid. With an overestimation of the number of platelets, frequent headaches appear, the condition becomes close to a stroke.
The norm of platelets in the child
At the child from a year the basic borders of normal parameters of thrombocytes in blood are defined at a level from 180 to 320 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter. Children in this case include both male and female individuals - the second before the menstrual cycle begins.
Platelet norm in newborns
The hematopoietic system in newborns and children up to a year is not yet stable: platelets are very actively developing and perishing, values of the concentrations of cellular blood structures in physiological norms are very wide here - from 100 to 420 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter.
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