Dislocation of the knee joint is an injury, as a result of which the articular surfaces of the femoral head and the tibia and patella are displaced relative to each other. Such an injury is infrequent, due to the reliable protection provided by the strong ligaments to the knee joint. That is why it is very serious and requires a responsible approach to treatment. Therefore it is important to know what to do to treat a knee injury.
- Symptoms of knee joint dislocation
- First aid for knee injury
- Treatment of knee injury
- Rehabilitation
- Traditional medicine for the treatment of knee dislocation
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As a rule, dislocation of the knee joint occurs due to the following factors:
- playing sports can cause injury;
- Accident - during an accident on the road, it is possible to apply a strong direct impact to the knee area, which leads to dislocation;
- falling from a height leads to damage to the joint and ligaments;
- congenital pathology, due to which even a small mechanical effect on the knee joint leads to dislocation.
Congenital dislocation of the patella occurs rarely, and often - in girls. He is treated promptly. Very often, the congenital dislocation of the knee joint is combined with the shortening of the foot, so parallel use of the extension of the lower limb with the help of the Ilizarov apparatus.
Attention! If you ignore such a problem in the child, then in the future he will lose the ability to walk independently.
Also, the habitual dislocation of the patella is uncommon in medical practice. It develops with regular knee injuries, so it often occurs in athletes. Multiple dislocation of the patella leads to arthrosis of the joint, the treatment of which requires surgery.
Sometimes a slight dislocation of the knee joint is restored without medical intervention. However, even in this case, it is recommended that the specialist see the doctor so that the doctor is convinced of the absence of complications.
Important! The dislocation of the knee joint is listed on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) list under number S83.1.
Symptoms of knee joint dislocation
Knee injury is considered one of the hardest, and also the most painful. This is due to the possible damage to the nerves and blood vessels in the surrounding tissues.
Determine the dislocation of the knee can be on the following grounds:
- severe pain in the injured area;
- deformed form of the knee;
- reduction or loss of sensitivity in the joint region;
- increase of the knee in size and smoothing of the contour of the joint as a result of edema;
- decreased mobility of the joint.
If the victim complains of some of the listed symptoms, then the knee dislocation is most likely the result of the injury.
In some cases, during the displacement of bones in the knee joint, there is a clamping of the vessels, as a result of which the lower part of the foot completely loses sensitivity and becomes cold.
First aid for knee injury
During the first aid should not be wondered how to fix the knee joint on their own. Unskilled actions for self-directed dislocation can lead to a further rupture of the joint bag, damage to nearby vessels and nerve fibers and a serious deterioration in the condition of the victim, and in the long term, weighting of the flow and prolongation of the rehabilitation period after injury.
First of all, you need to call for medical help or go to the emergency room yourself. Before this, it is necessary to completely immobilize the injured leg with a tire or other means. Also, to reduce pain and swelling, ice should be applied. These actions are sufficient to provide first aid in the case of a knee joint dislocation before going to a medical facility.
Treatment of knee injury
In a hospital, a patient with a dislocation of the knee joint, if necessary, is punctured. The doctor uses a syringe to remove the synovial fluid and the blood that has accumulated in the joint cavity. The procedure can be carried out with the help of painkillers.
The next stage of the victim is assisted by a qualified specialist - a traumatologist. The doctor directs the damaged joint and fixes its position using plaster or other means to fix the limb.
If necessary, the patient is diagnosed, which involves the following procedures:
- radiography of the knee;
- ultrasonography;
- check pulse and blood circulation;
- neurological examination.
Based on the results of the examination, the doctor selects the appropriate treatment. In severe cases, there is a need for surgical intervention. The operation is prescribed if during the dislocation the tendons and ligaments were severely damaged or completely ruptured.
It is important to know! The refusal of surgical care can lead to stiffness or even a complete loss of mobility of the leg in the joint.
Rehabilitation
After five days after repositioning the knee joint, physiotherapeutic treatment should be started. It assumes the following recommendations:
- visit the doctor regularly;
- pass physiotherapy sessions;
- Exercise from the course of curative gymnastics;
- make an appointment for a therapeutic massage.
Often there is a problem of absence of traumatologist in local polyclinics. And regular trips to the hospital can only bring harm. In this case, it is important to know which doctor treats the dislocation of the knee joint in addition to the required specialist. As a rule, any surgeon has the necessary knowledge in traumatology and accepts patients with similar problems.
LFK exercises are mandatory in the treatment of the knee joint. Performing exercises need to start gradually, moving from simple to more complex. The main thing is to develop the leg and return the muscle to the muscles of the limb.
Rehabilitation is carried out within 3-4 months. A week after receiving the injury, the patient is advised to start walking under the supervision of a doctor. For this, crutches are used so that the leg is in a fixed position.
Important! Even after discharge, do not immediately try to walk alone. It is necessary to use crutches for at least a month.
And after a significant improvement, you should not give a big load to the damaged joint. This can only worsen the situation and lead to a repeated fracture, as well as cause a dislocation of the knee joint meniscus. It is recommended to faithfully follow the doctor's instructions and only gradually develop a leg: first walking, then register for swimming in the pool or engage in exercise bike.
Treatment in the home of the knee joint can also be performed with the help of ointments. In the first week, it is recommended to use anti-inflammatory drugs (Navtalgin, Ketonal, Ben-Gay). To reduce painful sensations and cool the joint, camphor and menthol ointment are applied to it. Prevent the appearance of blood clots can be done with Doloben and Lyoton 1000.
Traditional medicine for the treatment of knee dislocation
In addition to following the mandatory course of rehabilitation, you can use some recipes of alternative medicine. The following folk remedies will help to treat dislocation of the knee joint:
- Compress with milk. In warmed milk we dip gauze and apply it to the damaged place.
- Porridge from onions. In a gruel from one grated onion add 10 h. l. Sahara. The resulting compress should be applied to the knee and removed only after 6 hours.
- Garlic compress. 3 heads of garlic grate and add 100-150 ml of apple cider vinegar. The received infusion to sustain within 5-6 days, and then to use for rubbing in the damaged knee.
- Compress from cabbage or a noodle leaf. Raw materials are slightly crushed in the hands, and then applied to the damaged area. It is desirable then to wrap a warm scarf or scarf over the sheet.
- Bandage with wormwood. The crushed leaves of the plant are placed on the knee and covered with a bandage.
- Repetextile compress. Stir 3 tbsp. l. pharmacy herbs in a saucepan with 400 ml of boiling water, and then boiled in a water bath. After 20 minutes, the infusion is cooled and filtered. In it, the bandage is soaked and applied to the knee.
These recipes help both treat dislocation, and reduce swelling and relieve pain in the knee.
Attention! It is strictly forbidden to treat the injury only with the help of traditional medicine methods in order to avoid serious consequences.
Thus, the dislocation of the patella requires responsible treatment, due to which the joint will return to its previous state. To do this, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's recommendations, not to strain the injured leg and limit physical exertion for the coming months in order to avoid a repeated dislocation.
