Bilateral otitis in the child

Bilateral otitis media - a characteristic and stages of the development of the disease

• Symptoms, treatment
• Causes

Bilateral otitis is one of the most common infectious ENT diseases of the ears, resulting from the penetration of bacteria or infections into the ear cavity. It is characterized by rapid inflammation of the ear tissues, which in the process quickly spreads to surrounding tissues.

Therefore it is extremely important to recognize bilateral otitis in the early stages, which will allow timely treatment of otitis in adults, prevent complications and adverse effects.

Otitis, like sinusitis, develops against the background of catarrhal and viral diseases and is most often a consequence of neglected forms of influenza and acute respiratory disease.

In the classic clinical picture, bilateral otitis occurs in five stages, replacing each other. It is based on them that the choice of treatment is based, which contributes to the speedy recovery and prevention of complications.

• The first stage
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  The disease begins with a noise in the ears, a feeling of stuffiness, dizziness, a mild general malaise. There may also be a slight elevated body temperature. According to these characteristics it is extremely difficult to identify bilateral otitis media and often at the first stage it is confused with the usual flu.
• The second stage
  In the second stage, a sharp, shooting pain in the ears, caused by catarrh of the middle ear and mucous membrane, is added to the picture described above. The temperature rises.
• The third stage
  The third stage of bilateral otitis is called preoperative. It is characterized by strong, unbearable pain sensations not only in the ear, but also in the neck, eyes, teeth and throat. The body temperature at this stage rises very high and sometimes reaches a boundary value (39-40 ° C). There is a decrease in hearing, there is a chill, nausea, vomiting.
• Fourth stage
  The fourth post-perforative stage of bilateral otitis media, especially in acute form, is caused by the weakening of pain and the simultaneous appearance of purulent discharge from the auricles. This stage is considered extremely dangerous, there are risks of getting pus in the cranial cavity and there is a real threat of development of meningitis and abscess of brain tissue.
• Fifth stage
  The final, fifth stage of the disease is called reparative. At this time, the inflammatory processes stop and the healing process begins.

It is important to know!

Bilateral otitis can occur in an atypical form, in which case the above steps will not replace each other, but will manifest all at once or in a different sequence. Therefore, the first suspicion of the disease should be urgently addressed to a doctor otolaryngologist.

Bilateral otitis in the child - symptoms, treatment and prevention

Bilateral otitis in a child develops much more often than in an adult, first of all it is due not to the end of the developed structure in children of certain organs and tissues of the middle ear. Also, the disease leads to reduced immunity and complication after catarrhal and viral diseases.

Characteristic symptoms of otitis in a child are the following:

• elevated temperature (up to 39-40 ºС);
• crying and irritability;
• complaints of pain in the ears (if the child can speak);
• restless sleep;
• involuntary touching of the sick ears with hands;
• purulent discharge from the ears;
• nausea and vomiting;
• Continuous tossing his head and throwing it back.

In small infants, to identify some of the symptoms of the disease, especially in the early stages, enough difficult, therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor the behavior of the child, especially when applying it to breasts. With possible pain in the ears, the baby refuses to eat immediately after the first sips.

Also, you can determine the bilateral otitis in the child by gently pressing your finger on the small cartilage in the auricle (tragus). If this procedure causes the child a sharp pain, he is pulled back and begins to cry, it follows immediately To address to the doctor who by means of special ENT-equipment will establish the definitive diagnosis and will appoint or nominate correct treatment.

Important to remember!

It is strictly forbidden to engage in self-medication of bilateral otitis media in children at home both with medications and with traditional medicine methods. This disease occurs in certain stages, specifically to identify and prescribe the correct therapy can only a qualified specialist.

The medicinal treatment of bilateral otitis media in children is determined by the following criteria:

• decrease in temperature;
• withdrawal of pain syndrome;
• antibiotic therapy to improve the general condition;
• burying of ears;
• burying the nose;
• warming compresses (in the absence of fever and purulent discharge).

Bilateral otitis in adults - causes of the disease, treatment and prevention

Unlike children, bilateral otitis in adults develops much less often, and often the cause of its appearance are hypothermia, violations of personal hygiene or complications after colds and viral diseases.

Symptoms of bilateral otitis media in adults differ little from children's ones, in the first place:

• noise in ears;
• hearing impairment;
• general weakness and malaise;
• temperature.

In order to prescribe the correct treatment of otitis in adults, it is necessary first of all to establish its true cause.

If the otitis is a consequence of a certain disease and is of the nature of a complication, then it is first necessary to fight the underlying illness, but at the same time do not forget about the treatment of the ears.

At the initial occurrence of the inflammatory process directly in the area of ​​the Eustachian tube, local therapy is prescribed in the form of ear drops and vasoconstrictive drops in the nose.

If the disease is experiencing an elevated temperature, it is necessary to fight it with the help of the corresponding antipyretic drugs and only after its normalization to appoint warming therapy (UHF).

Attention!

When purulent discharge from the auricles occurs, warming compresses and UHF procedures are strictly forbidden!

Bilateral otitis in adults and children is the type of disease that can be avoided with preventive measures.

• At first,immunity and the body as a whole should be strengthened, to lead a healthy lifestyle, to observe the diet and sleep, exercise, to conduct the procedures of hardening.
• Secondly,adhere to personal hygiene standards, try not to let water get into your ears when bathing at home, and in public places, reservoirs.
• Thirdly, in the case of the location of ENT diseases,conduct timely treatmentand not even run an elementary runny nose.
• Fourthly, in damp, windy and frosty weather,wear head warmersProtecting both the ears and the entire head.

Summarizing all of the above, I want to note that bilateral otitis is a serious enough and complex disease, therefore when any pain in the ears should be immediately consulted to the doctor, and also to observe exactly all the prescriptions specialist.

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Symptoms and treatment of bilateral otitis media in adults

Bilateral otitis in adults is one of the most common infectious ENT diseases. The disease is characterized by the rapid development of inflammation of the ear tissue, as well as the rapid spread of inflammation to the surrounding tissue sites.As a rule, bilateral otitis media occurs due to the penetration of bacteria or infections into the ear cavity and entails a number of different complications.

During the period of acute inflammation development, serious complications can be prevented. If you choose the right method and begin timely treatment, you can avoid the most unpleasant consequences. That is why it is very important to recognize bilateral otitis in the first stages.

To not miss the moment when the disease can be cured, you can not ignore the following symptoms, which will accurately say about the presence of inflammation:

• feeling of stuffiness;
• pain, shooting in both ears;
• dizziness;
• acute pain, which can give in the temple, jaw or neck;
• in advanced cases, hearing loss is observed.

Stages of development of bilateral otitis media in adults

In the classic scenario of inflammatory processes, this disease has 5 stages of development, which consistently pass from one to another. But, as practice shows, bilateral otitis can develop in a different sequence or manifest in all stages simultaneously. In any case, the optimal method of treatment is selected precisely on the basis of symptoms characteristic of a certain stage:

1. The first stage is very similar in appearance to common influenza, where the patient feels weak with a slight increase in body temperature. Against the background of general malaise, noise and stuffiness in the ears.
2. The second stage of the disease involves the addition of acute shooting pain, resulting from catarrh of the middle ear. The patient has a fever.
3. The third (preperforative) stage of bilateral otitis is caused by the spread of severe pain in the eyes, neck, pharynx and teeth. The temperature rises to 38-40 °, there is severe nausea and a significant decrease in hearing.
4. The fourth stage is very dangerous and entails a great chance of developing meningitis and accumulation of pus in the brain tissues. At this stage, the pain subsides, but purulent discharge from the ears begins.
5. The fifth (reparative) stage is the last one. She is characterized by a sharp cessation of pus from the ear cavity. As a rule, most patients during this stage begin self-scarring of the hole formed due to rupture of the tympanic membrane, and also the hearing is restored.

Average bilateral otitis media in children

Unfortunately, every second child under 1 year suffers an average bilateral otitis media. The development of the disease is facilitated by such reasons:

1. Features of the structure of the mucosa in the middle ear. Unlike adults, the mucous membrane of a newborn has a loose texture with a small number of blood vessels. That is why the mucous environment of a small child is more vulnerable to attack by bacteria and viruses.
2. The key moment that affects the frequency of cases of bilateral otitis media in children is sufficiently weak immunity, which is not able to fight the infection on its own.
3. In young children, the risk of complications is significantly increased, because the eardrum is thicker, so spontaneous rupture is rare.
4. Often a child can not tell about his state of health, and parents do not always manage to understand the cause of the ailment on time.

As a rule, otitis in children is expressed by high fever and acute pain that occurs when trying to swallow. If the child is naughty, and his attempts to eat end unsuccessfully, it is worth pressing the ear cartilage in front of the auricle. If otitis is present, this action will cause severe pain in the baby, thereby indicating the presence of inflammation.

In this case, you need to urgently consult an otolaryngologist. Any attempts to treat otitis in the home are excluded.

Why it is undesirable to self-treat otitis

Bilateral or otitis media is a serious enough disease that can lead to various complications. That is why with treatment it is not necessary to delay, approach to this business costs with all responsibility. Since the treatment involves a set of different procedures, the number and direction of which the specialist assigns, it is important to seek qualified help in time. After a detailed examination and carrying out the necessary tests, the doctor prescribes treatment that will correspond to the degree of complication of the disease. Otherwise, there is a high probability of the transition of the disease into a chronic form, which means that under any conditions favorable for the disease, it will remind of itself.

General principles of otitis treatment:

1. If the otitis has reached the stage of inflammation with purulent discharge and a significantly increased body temperature, one can not resort to the use of thermal procedures. Any warming manipulations are allowed only after reduced inflammation.
2. In the course of treatment, general therapy is prescribed, which includes the use of agents fighting inflammatory processes and drugs that destroy bacteria.
3. If the development of otitis occurs in a child and has a prolonged course, there is often a need for removal of adenoids. Surgery is usually necessary in cases where the source of the spread of a chronic infection is on the tonsils or in the area of ​​the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. If the specialist offers reasonable surgical intervention, do not neglect this method, because in the future there can be more serious complications.
4. To obtain the maximum effect during treatment of bilateral otitis media, it is very important to follow all the recommendations a qualified specialist in the duration of the course of treatment and in no case do not shy away from general methods treatment.
5. As a rule, the otitis caused by bacteria, easily enough and quickly passes at the reference to antibiotics.
6. If the inflammation is caused by the presence of a viral infection, otitis is more difficult to treat, often there is a need for the surgical intervention, during which a small tube is inserted into the tympanic membrane for the removal of the remains of pus or blood.

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Preventative measures to prevent otitis in adults and children

Bilateral otitis media can be avoided by carrying out measures that have a preventive effect. To reduce the risk of otitis media, it is sufficient to adhere to several recommendations:

1. First of all, do not neglect the headdresses protecting the head and ears from the effects of weather. Even if the sun is outside, a strong wind can be enough to cause inflammation.
2. It is important to remember the methods of strengthening the body's immunity. Admission of vitamins, compliance with sleep patterns and proper diet, active image management life will never be superfluous for general health and will only positively affect the condition immunity.
3. Personal hygiene also plays an important role in this matter. Water entering the ear canals is extremely undesirable for the health of the ears. And if the terrain is open, even a slight gust of wind can lead to the disease.
4. It is important to monitor your health in general and in case of predisposition to ENT diseases to contact to timely treatment, because, according to statistics, most often the disease is a consequence of a flu or ARI.

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Based on the information provided, we can draw conclusions about the severity of such a disease as bilateral otitis, which is widespread both among adults and among children. Timely access to a specialist will help to quickly overcome the disease and prevent the transition of the disease in chronic form, and a number of preventive measures will avoid a collision with such an unpleasant disease.

lor03.ru

Otitis - medium, acute, purulent, in children, symptoms and treatment

Otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear, which is the most common disease of ENT organs. At the heart of otitis is inflammatory processes in the mucosa that occur in the middle ear. In general, the outer ear consists of parts such as the auricle, external ear canal and tympanic membrane, which divides the outer ear with the middle ear. The middle ear is a tiny cavity where the bone mechanism is located, which transmits sound waves into the inner ear canal.

And the middle ear also transforms incoming sound waves into special nerve impulses that enter the brain. Otitis is external, that is, when there is inflammation of the auricle or inflammation of the ear canal. And also there is an average otitis, that is there is an inflammation of an average ear. Usually otitis media occurs after complications of infectious diseases such as influenza, tonsillitis and others.

Acute otitis media

Acute otitis is a common disease of the body, where the local manifestation are inflammatory-infectious processes, covering all three anatomical airborne components of the middle ear, this is the tympanum, auditory tube and mastoid outgrowth. According to the statistics, the average otitis occurs in 25-30% of people who have ear diseases and this indicates that acute otitis is a widespread disease. In the first place in terms of the frequency of acute otitis media are children under 5 years old, and elderly people are on the second place, and in the third place there are teenagers under 14 years old. Acute otitis does not have a specific pathogen, nor can it be caused by pathogenic microorganisms of different species, which include viruses, microbes and fungal flora or their associations.

The trigger mechanism for the development of acute otitis media is acute respiratory viral infections or influenza. In addition, the general assumptions and risk factors that favor the emergence and further development of acute otitis play a great role in the development of the disease.

Symptoms of otitis

It is worth noting that the easiest form of otitis is external otitis, but apart from it there is internal otitis and an otitis media of the middle ear. Concerning the symptoms of otitis, it is usually aching pain with a periodic

character, as well as possible swelling of the auricle and the temperature of the human body rises. The causes of external otitis may be mechanical damage to the tissue of the outer ear, that is, microtraumas with improper cleaning or trauma to the auricle. And the inflammation of the mucosa in the middle ear is called the otitis media of the middle ear. The danger of this type of otitis is that it leads to very serious consequences. For example, full or partial hearing loss may occur, and inflammation may spread further, even on the brain envelope.

In addition, the otitis media of the middle ear is usually accompanied by severe pain in the ear, a decrease in hearing, a sense of ear congestion, and noise from the transfusion water, and in severe forms of otitis is accompanied by secretions from the ear canal and an increase in body temperature, which may be more than 38 degrees. And if there is no wrong and untimely treatment of otitis media of the middle ear, then in the future it can lead to the development of internal otitis media.

Symptoms of internal otitis are very similar to the symptoms of otitis media of the middle ear, but in this case there is a large risk of complications, therefore hospitalization is necessary and even operative treatment of otitis in hospital. In addition, otitis, like many other diseases, can occur in chronic and acute forms.

If it is an acute form of otitis, then very quickly there is a strong pain, which with every hour or even minutes even more increases. If it is a chronic form of otitis, it proceeds more slowly, and its symptoms are less pronounced, like other forms, but this does not eliminate the danger after the onset of this disease.

Acute otitis media

As for acute otitis, it proceeds in stages. For example, first there is inflammation of the mucosa of the middle ear, then there is a suppuration and perforation of the tympanic membrane occurs. In general, acute otitis can take place quite easily, if there is no noticeable general reaction of the body. In some cases this form of otitis can take a severe course, which has sharp reactive phenomena on the part of the body. The causes of acute otitis media are penetrated into the tympanic cavity of infection. This can happen due to a sharp weakening or hypothermia of the body.

Even acute otitis media can occur again, and become a consequence of complications of infections and as a result of upper respiratory tract infection or after a transferred flu. In childhood, the disease can occur after suffering from scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles and other childhood infectious diseases. Another acute inflammation of the middle ear can occur after chronic or acute inflammation of the nose and pharynx. Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, there are general and local symptoms of otitis media of the middle ear. For example, with the usual course of acute otitis, recovery and complete restoration of auditory functions quite often occur. If there are unfavorable conditions of treatment, the course of the disease may acquire a prolonged languid character or it will pass into a chronic form.

With a typical course of acute purulent otitis, three periods of development are distinguished. For example, in the first period occurs the emergence and development of inflammatory processes in the middle ear. In this case, the pain in the ear is very strong and gradually increasing, and in more severe cases it becomes simply intolerable and painful, which can take away peace. Most often, the pain is felt in the depth of the ear, and by its nature it can be pulsating, vomiting, aching or shooting. Quite often, with acute otitis media, pain can be given to the teeth, the back of the head, to the temple or spread all over the head, and also increases with sneezing, sneezing, swallowing, with coughing, since in this case the pressure in the drum cavity.

At the next stage of development of otitis, the perforation of the tympanic membrane occurs and the result of inflammation is a purulence. Then, after suppuration, the temperature usually decreases, but this painful process can last 4-7 days. With inflammation, suppuration is first observed abundantly, and then significantly reduced and pus gets a thick consistency. If there is an average acute otitis in the ear, then pus in this case has no smell. If in this case there is no external otitis.

As for the third period of acute otitis media, a gradual cessation of inflammatory processes, then the suppuration disappears, the work of the middle ear normalizes and the perforation of the tympanic membrane recovers. And the duration of each of these periods can range from a few days to two weeks.

Acute catarrhal otitis

This form of otitis is accompanied by inflammation of the middle ear cavities, which cause streptococci, staphylococci and other pathogens. To provoke acute catarrhal otitis can lowered the body's resistance, diabetes, hypothermia, beriberi, kidney disease, rickets, various infectious diseases and so on. Most often, bacteria penetrate into the middle ear from the nasal cavity, through the auditory tube and this occurs when acute inflammation of the mucous membrane during acute rhinitis, acute respiratory infections, influenza, or acute Otitis.

Factors that accelerate the spread of infection are coughing, adenoid growths, sneezing or improper blowing, because it is necessary to clean each nostril in turn. Symptoms of ductal otitis media include ear noise, pain, a feeling of congestion, and hearing loss. And usually the pain in this case is growing, it can also give in the teeth, felt deep in the ear or give to the parietal-temporal or occipital area. In addition, they can observe unpleasant sensations when coughing, sneezing and swallowing, which very often deprives the patient of appetite and sleep. And when the disease occurs against the background of a common infectious disease, the temperature can rise sharply.

When the patient is examined, the doctor discovers the redness of the tympanic membrane, and touching it is very painful. Regarding treatment, then with catarrhal otitis, bed rest is necessary, and in case of complications, hospitalization is required. To eliminate pain, you need to instill carbolic glycerin and alcohol into the hearing aid by 70% for 5-6 drops in each ear. Next enter into each ear a cotton wick at night. In addition, physiotherapy, warmers and vodka compresses are used. And in the nose instilled vasoconstrictive and bactericidal drops. If the temperature is high, the doctor prescribes antipyretic drugs.

Acute exudative otitis media

This form of otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear with the formation of transudate and its long-term retention in the tympanic cavity. In its prevalence, acute exudative otitis in children is more common than in adults. A diagnosis of acute exudative otitis in 60% of children aged 3-7 years and 10% of children aged 12-15 years. The causes of exudative acute otitis are quite diverse and can be divided into local and general. For example, common causes include allergies, decreased overall immune reactivity, environmental factors, specific diseases that reduce immunity, as well as frequent infectious disease.

If these are local causes of exudative otitis media, then this may be a violation of the ventilation function of the auditory tube, as a result of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, as well as a slow inflammatory-allergic process in the pharyngeal tonsil. In children, the clinical symptoms of this disease are not very pronounced. Quite often the main symptom in the disease is a decrease in hearing or a strong noise in the ear. But since children aged 2-5 years do not usually complain about hearing loss, exudative otitis media is more common and complicates in this case. And if a child with this form of otitis is not treated, then after 3-4 years he may develop persistent and irreversible hearing loss, which is caused by cicatricial adhesive process in the middle ear, formation of eardrums in the tympanic membrane, atrophy of the tympanic membrane or its perforation. In addition, the sound-receiving apparatus may suffer in part.

Acute purulent otitis media

This form of otitis is a purulent acute inflammation of the mucous membrane on the tympanic membrane. With this form of the disease, all parts of the middle ear are also involved in the catalytic inflammation. Acute purulent otitis is a widespread middle ear disease, which is very common proceeds in a mild form, and then it can develop violently and cause a severe inflammatory reaction organism. But in both cases quite often the acute purulent otitis leaves in the future an adhesive process, which is accompanied by a hard-to-treat deafness, and also can pass into a chronic and often progressive form, which leads to hearing loss and to other severe complications.

The most common acute purulent otitis occurs in children under 3 years old. And its distinctive feature is an acute onset and a rather lingering course, but in childhood increases the tendency to recurrence of the disease. The main factors that provoke this disease are a combination of a decrease in total and local resistance, as well as getting into the tympanic cavity of the infection. Quite often, through the auditory tube, a microflora directly enters the tympanic cavity, which saprophytes in the pharynx. But this can not cause inflammation if the general and local reactivity is normal. And if the supply of microflora was massive or the microflora was highly virulent, then in this case acute otitis media appears.

The main pathogens of acute otitis in children and adults are the main infections or associations of microorganisms. Most often, viral otitis is observed in epidemics of viral diseases.

The most frequent way to penetrate the infection is through the auditory tube. And since there is no flora with microbes in the middle ear cavity, the barrier function of the mucous membrane in the auditory tube comes into play. As a result, mucus is produced here, which has an antimicrobial effect. Inflammatory epithelium of the auditory tube moves the mucous secret to the nasopharynx. Therefore, with different common infectious diseases, with local acute exacerbations, and also with inflammatory, chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract function of protecting the epithelium in the auditory tube is violated. As a result, the microflora immediately penetrates into the tympanum.

In some rare cases, the infection can enter the middle ear through a damaged eardrum during a trauma or through the wound of the mastoid process. In this case, there is a traumatic otitis media. The most rare way of penetrating infections in the middle ear is the hematogenous way. And it is possible if there are such infectious diseases as measles, influenza, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and others in the body. In extremely rare cases, acute purulent otitis can develop as a result of retrograde spread of infection directly from the cranial cavity or from the labyrinth.

Acute Otitis in Children

Usually acute otitis in children begins with sharp pain in the ear and high fever. And most often it starts after a flu or cold. The most important thing that needs to be done in this situation is to put a warm sink behind the auricle vodka compress and it is best to do it with camphor alcohol, which must be diluted by half with water. Most often, the compress reduces pain and the child calms down, but you do not need to stop. Since the child immediately needs to be shown immediately to the doctor. It is worth noting that otitis is terrible with its complications, which can occur if the child is not treated in time. In addition, otitis can pass into a chronic form or can lead to a partial hearing loss.

To the occurrence of complications, otitis predisposes the structure of the organ of hearing. After all, children have a more sinuous hearing aid than adults, and at the end of the passage there is a tympanic membrane, which is a barrier covering the middle ear. And behind this very thin film there is a tympanic cavity, which has a sound instrument - these are auditory ossicles, nerves, muscles and vessels. The drum cavity consists of an auditory tube, which connects it with the nasopharynx, which you should pay attention to. After all, with various respiratory or other infections that are most common in children, the inflammatory process begins, which most often affects the nasopharynx. Therefore, through the auditory tube, which in children is shorter and wider than in adults, the microbes immediately enter the tympanum.

Acute otitis media of the middle ear

This disease is a manifestation of inflammation in the tissues of the tympanic cavity, mastoid process and auditory tube. Most often, acute otitis media of the middle ear occurs in childhood, but people of any age can be ill. Inflammatory process in the middle ear can be caused by different microorganisms, these are streptococci, staphylococci, fungi and viruses. Most often, microorganisms enter the middle ear directly through the auditory tube and this is usually contribute to this process in the nose, nasopharynx, in the paranasal sinuses or in the presence of adenoids in children. A more rare way of penetrating infections in the middle ear is to hit it through the external auditory wire during a tympanic injury. Another occurrence of acute otitis can occur with infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, influenza or measles, and there is another way of penetrating the infection-it's through the blood.

In addition, a decrease in the body's resistance to various infectious diseases, kidney diseases, with diabetes and hypothermia can contribute to the development of inflammatory processes on average ear. In the course of the disease, acute otitis media of the middle ear is purulent and catarrhal. And during the acute otitis media, three stages are distinguished. The first stage is acute catarrhal otitis, that is, the onset and development of inflammatory processes in middle ear and further increase in the symptoms of the disease, which are associated with the accumulation of exudate - this fluid on average ear.

The second stage is purulent otitis, that is, the formation and accumulation of pus in the middle ear cavity, which leads to rupture of the tympanic membrane and to suppuration. The third stage of development of acute otitis media of the middle ear is the fading of the inflammatory process, which significantly decreases and gradually stops suppuration, and then there is a fusion of the edges of the drum webbeds.

Acute otitis externa

This form of otitis is an inflammation of the skin of the cartilaginous part of the auditory external passageway. Symptoms of acute external otitis are ear pain, chewing pain, when pressing on a tragus, pain while sipping the auricle. Naturally, with this disease there may be swelling near the auricle on either side or with one of them. Another possible pain when pressing the mastoid process, and the pain itself is amplified towards the ear folds. Still observed with acute external otitis narrowing of the external auditory canal with varying degrees of severity. In addition, lymphadenitis of the pre-limb lymph nodes is possible.

When the eardrum is not inflamed, the hearing may not be affected. And in differential diagnosis, skin cholesteatoma can be detached from the back of the external auditory canal. For the treatment of acute external otitis in the external auditory canal is introduced turundas with Burov's fluid or with boric alcohol, and also prescribed for the treatment of UHF therapy in the ear area. And with severe pain and high body temperature, antibiotics are prescribed - oletetrin, doxycycline, vibramycin or erythromycin for 6-7 days. Such treatment is also carried out with purulent discharge.

If the disease is prolonged. The doctor prescribes intramuscular injections of antibiotics, prescribes autohemotherapy and locally prescribes staphylococcal anatoxin. If a recurrent furunculosis develops, then autohemotherapy is required, a blood test for sugar is performed to exclude diabetes, and vitamin therapy is necessary.

Acute bilateral otitis media

Acute bilateral otitis is an inflammation in the tissues of the tympanic membrane or auditory tube. In addition, the inflammatory process can affect the surrounding tissues. Most often acute otitis does not lead to hearing loss, but there are exceptions, if it is a purulent otitis, in which the destruction of the tissues of the middle ear. Acute bilateral otitis develops from five stages. The very first stage is characterized by stuffy ears, noise in the ears, and fever may be absent. In the second stage, there may be acute catarrhal inflammation in the middle ear, which is characterized by the symptoms of the first stage. There may be shooting pain in the ear, rise in temperature and inflammation of the mucous membranes. The next stage of the disease is the preperforative stage, which is characterized by intolerable pain passing into the neck, eyes, teeth and into the pharynx. Body temperature at this stage can rise to a risky figure.

At the next postperforative stage of acute bilateral otitis media, the pain weakens, but suppuration begins from the ears. The last stage is the reparative stage, that is, the arrest of inflammation and the beginning of recovery. The most important danger during suppuration is the threat that pus will enter the cranial cavity and cause a brain abscess or meningitis. In addition, you need to remember about the obligatory visit to the doctor at the very first manifestations of pain in the ears or if the ears pawned. And if these symptoms do not pass for two or three weeks, then there is a danger of the disease.

If treatment is performed only by unconventional means, then this can cause complications, since similar methods are used only under the supervision of a doctor. And the therapy must necessarily be carried out, taking into account all aspects of the disease, for example, to take into account the extent of the inflammatory reaction, to take into account all complications and other concomitant diseases. In addition, it is very important to take into account the general condition of the patient, as well as his individual characteristics. And depending on the nature and form of the defeat of the middle ear, choose a method of treatment that can be operational or conservative. According to statistics, acute bilateral otitis media can manifest in 80% of children under 3 years old. Quite often, otitis develops after hypothermia or after a cold. And in order to prevent it, it is necessary to treat the mucous membrane of the throat and nose in a timely manner.

Treatment of otitis media

Concerning the treatment of otitis, it is worth noting that this is a very serious disease that must be treated. Therefore, the first symptoms should immediately contact the otolaryngologist. After all only the doctor can correctly establish the form of an otitis and on the basis of it or this to appoint or nominate correct treatment. And even if a person is an adherent of treatment with folk methods, then without treatment otitis treatment is impossible. Otitis is usually treated for about 10 days, but in more severe forms, treatment can be delayed. In any case, you need a timely call to the doctor.

It is worth noting that the treatment of otitis is complex and for the patient to start it is necessary to ensure complete rest, so as not to provoke the occurrence of complications. Then it is necessary to appoint specialized antibiotics to carry out an operational fight with the causative agent of otitis media. Antibiotics can be in tablets, it's Solutab, Flemoclav, Cyphran or antibiotics in droplets, it's Otypax and Sofrax, but they must be at room temperature before burying. However, only a doctor should prescribe antibiotics.

Sometimes it happens that otitis takes a person by surprise, for example, on a day off. And in this case it is necessary not to start the situation. That is why, when there is pain in the ear, with lumbago or with twitchings, it is necessary to buy drops of Sophadex for adults, and for children Otipaks drops will help. In this case, it is necessary to observe the dosage, which is indicated in the instructions, and then bury in each ear. If very severe pain has occurred, then in this case, you can take an analgesic. However, if the ear has already ceased to hurt, it is still necessary to consult a doctor. Because there is a high probability of complications.

With external otitis treatment should consist of heating, from washing the ear canal and using warming compresses. If an abscess has already formed, then there is a need for its dissection. With otitis media, antibiotics and antipyretics are prescribed. When the suppuration has already come, the doctor in the hospital makes an incision of the tympanic membrane to drain the pus from the ear, as quickly as possible. Still need to mix in equal parts 70% alcohol and glycerin and in this solution you should wet the turunda from the cotton wool, and then insert it into the ear. Then you need to put a cotton ball moistened with an ordinary baby cream, and after 2 hours to remove it. After several procedures, the swelling will disappear.

To eliminate ear pain, it is necessary to take painkillers. For example, adults are prescribed Coldrex, and children are prescribed Nurofen, as a result, relief will come just at once. But it is very important to know that any warming compresses can not be used at high temperature. And also take otitis treatment very seriously.

Prevention of otitis

To prevent any inflammation, you need those tools that help strengthen the body, for example, the correct mode of work, nutrition and recreation, systematic exercise and physical education and hardening. In addition, those people who suffer from chronic otitis should be well treated and observe all necessary precautions. For example, during bathing or washing your head, you need to protect your ears from dirty water, usually using ear plugs or cotton swabs, which should be moistened with vegetable oil. When pus comes out of the ear, then on the instructions of the doctor you need to clear the ears from the accumulation of pus, and also to apply the procedures and medicines prescribed by the doctor.

Those people who are predisposed to diseases of the throat or nose, must necessarily consult a doctor about their treatment and prevention of the disease. In addition, you need to treat the tonsils systematically, and in advanced cases, they need to be removed. In addition, it is necessary to treat a runny nose and especially if it is a chronic form. In addition, each person should gently blow his nose, as with increased blowing through Eustachian tube slime with microbes can get into the tympanum, which causes inflammation in it, then there is an otitis.

It should be noted that with exacerbations of otitis, it is undesirable to carry out any hard physical work, and you can not leave the house with wind and strong cold, and it is advisable to avoid talking. Even with exacerbations, the ear is covered with a warm bandage. If the patient has severe pain in the ear, then you can use painkillers, which are prescribed only by the doctor. In general, in most cases, preventive measures do not allow inflammation in the ear to those people who fall into the risk zone.

medportal.su

Catarrhal otitis in children is an insidious disease

Catarrhal otitis is the most common ENT disease, for which a characteristic inflammatory process of the mucosa of the middle ear. Very often this form of the disease precedes purulent otitis, their symptoms are so similar that only the otolaryngologist can distinguish between two ear diseases. Catarrhal otitis in children occurs much more often than in adults, which is due to the lack of formation of the auditory tube.

Causes of the disease

The occurrence of catarrhal otitis in a child can be caused by the following factors:

• frequent respiratory infections, influenza;
• chronic diseases of the nose;
• adenoids;
• sneezing and coughing.

In addition to the reasons that contribute to the formation of the inflammatory process in the middle ear, do not forget about the child's predisposition to the disease. In children, the auditory tube is shorter and wider than in adults, so they are more likely to penetrate the infection from the nasal cavity to the middle ear. Determining the causes of inflammation of the mucous membrane is very important, because only so the expert will be able to assign the right patient to the small patient. The causative agent of the infection are bacteria - streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci and others.

When the otitis occurs, the Eustachian tube is clogged and the ear cavity filled with fluid, which, depending on the stage of the disease, thickens and contains impurities of pus.Most often, parents turn to specialists with children under the age of 5, in older children the Eustachian tube is shifted to the vertical, so the process of penetration of the infection into the ear is difficult.

The location of the eustachian tube in a child and an adult

Under the influence of pathogenic microorganisms that cause otitis, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed, swells, the lumen inevitably narrows, and as a result - a violation of the ventilation function of the hearing organ. Such a process creates a favorable environment for penetration into the body of a secondary infection that worsens the child's condition.

Children are prone to allergic diseases, namely - to rhinitis, when they have increased mucus secretion, are especially prone to the development of catarrhal otitis. The danger of acute catarrhal otitis media is that under pressure, the eardrum can burst, resulting in total deafness.

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptom, clearly indicating the development of the inflammatory process in the middle ear cavity, is severe ear pain. It can give to the temporal part of the head, jaw, teeth or crown. Painful sensations are greatly enhanced by sneezing, coughing, swallowing. Often in children against the background of inflammation the body temperature rises, there is a noise in the ears, often the parents find secretions.Such an unpleasant sign as ear noise, in the absence of proper treatment can lead to irreversible consequences - first to hearing loss, and then to deafness. Dangerous consequences are caused by the inflammation of the mucous membrane leading to its deformation, after which it is already impossible to restore the lost functions.

When examined by an otolaryngologist in the cavity of the middle ear, a specialist can not help but notice reddening of the tympanic membrane. Touching it, the patient has severe pain. In the case when catarrhal otitis in children appears against the background of another infectious disease, there is an increase in its symptoms:

• increased body temperature;
• deterioration of appetite;
• the appearance of painful sensations when swallowing;
• general malaise of the child.

The presence of these symptoms indicates the need for effective treatment. If the child is not assisted by an experienced otolaryngologist at this stage of development of the inflammatory process, the fluid in the middle ear cavity quickly accumulates, thickens and removes it from there will not so easy.

The next stage of secondary catarrhal otitis in children is the development of a purulent process or the chronic form of this inflammatory disease. Unfortunately, not always the disease manifests itself with pronounced symptoms, often a child can not complain of pain and other unpleasant sensations. This greatly complicates the diagnosis, as a rule, in such situations, the disease is found quite accidentally, when the otitis is already at a late stage of the course.

Treatment

To cure acute catarrhal otitis in a child is impossible in a few days, usually the therapy is delayed for several weeks. The initial stage of treatment should be the provision of free nasal breathing. To remove mucus from the nasopharynx, you can use a special aspirator or a small syringe with a rubber tip. It is important to avoid hypothermia of the child, if the baby is sick, it is better to put on a hat. For the entire period of treatment should be excluded from washing the head.Antibiotics are usually prescribed in the form of tablets and injections. Also, doctors prescribe nasal vasoconstrictive drops, their instillation will remove puffiness, which will ensure the patency of the auditory tube. Reduce the intensity of manifestations of acute otitis media can be done with the help of thermal procedures. You can also warm your ears with catarrhal bilateral otitis in children using a blue lamp or vodka compresses. These procedures can only be carried out according to the doctor's prescription.

If the catarrhal otitis has already acquired a purulent form, it is necessary to make of turmeric wool, moisten them in alcohol and insert into the ears. The treatment of the ear cavity helps to free it from pus. Sometimes, as an additional procedure, children are assigned:

• thermal physiotherapy;
• UFO;
• mud treatment.

Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial ear drops are used against otitis media, but they are not prescribed to babies for up to a year.

It is much easier to prevent the disease than to treat it later. That is why timely treatment of all colds and infectious respiratory diseases is so important. Pediatricians recommend that as long as possible to feed the baby with breast milk, because so it is produced immunity, which can withstand catarrhal otitis.

NasmorkuNet.ru

Development of bilateral otitis media in the child and ways to treat it

Inflammatory process of the ears or bilateral otitis in the child is quite common. It can become a complication of acute respiratory infection or angina of bacterial nature. But sometimes inflammation can develop completely for no apparent reason.The disease, as a rule, is severe and is accompanied by an earache and symptoms of acute intoxication.

Where otitis is located

Depending on the place of development of inflammation, the bilateral, as well as one-sided, form of the disease can be of the following types:

1. External otitis media. It is caused by inflammation in the area of ​​the external ear, that is, in the region of the auricle or external auditory canal. Most often the disease manifests itself in the form of furunculosis of staphylococcal or candidal origin.
2. Middle otitis develops in the middle ear region, that is, in the cavity of the tympanic membrane, the eustachian tube, the mastoid process or antrum. It is here that the inflammatory process in children is most often localized.
3. Internal otitis develops in the region of the inner ear with a predominant lesion of the vestibule or the snail itself. This inflammation is called labyrinthitis.

Why does otitis develop?

Bilateral otitis often develops in childhood. This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the ear in the child. At a young age, the Eustachian tube is quite wide and short. In addition, its almost horizontal location creates favorable conditions for the development of an ascending infection from the nasopharynx.

The next factor contributing to the development of inflammation in infants is the ingestion of milk when fed from the mouth to the Eustachian tube. It is for this reason that it is not recommended that the infant immediately after feeding be placed in a crib. It is better to hold it in your hands vertically, in order to get out the air that has accumulated during feeding in the intestines of the baby.

In addition, in a child, the mucosal tissue lining the auditory passageways is significantly different in structure from that of older people. In an adult, it is smooth, and in childhood more mucous and gelatinous, therefore, less protected from the aggressive effects of pathogenic microflora.

The release of accumulating pus in the development of the inflammatory process is also difficult, since the tympanic membrane in babies is quite thick. This is precisely what explains the more severe otitis media in childhood.

When the child grows up, the hearing organ undergoes significant changes. At the same time, the Eustachian tube becomes much thinner, in addition, its angle of inclination also changes. This helps to reduce the risk of ear inflammation in people at an older age.

However, bilateral otitis occurs in adult patients. But the cause in this case is banal hypothermia or non-compliance with personal hygiene.

Sometimes otitis media become a complication of an infectious disease unrelated to ENT pathology. In this case, the cause of the inflammatory process may be diphtheria, scarlet fever, or measles.

Symptoms of inflammation in the ear

The clinical picture of the development of otitis is quite bright. It is almost impossible to confuse it with another pathological process. How is otitis manifested?

1. Children have complaints of sore throat and runny nose.
2. Gradually, the algia grows. One of the diagnostic features in this case will be a significant increase in pain with slight palpation of the ear lobe.
3. Any movement associated with swallowing or chewing food causes pain. This is the reason for refusing to eat.
4. The child is listless and moody.
5. Increases the symptoms of acute intoxication with an increase in body temperature to 40 ° C. The child complains of pain in the ear.

At the same time, the first purulent discharge from the auricle appears. Most often they are accompanied by an increase in intoxication manifestations, for example, a patient may have diarrhea and vomiting. The last symptoms are quite unfavorable. If they occur, you should consult a doctor.

At this stage, the first initial stage of the disease ends. In the second stage, bilateral otitis manifests itself as a breakthrough purulent discharge through the tympanic membrane. Due to the decrease in pressure in the ear cavity, the intensity of pain sensations decreases, as well as the body temperature decreases.

The third stage is actually the cessation of the inflammatory process. During this period, the intensity of discharge from the auricles decreases and a gradual restoration of the integrity of the tympanic membrane occurs. However, a new symptom appears - the hearing decreases. The outcome of the disease will depend on the ability of the tympanic membrane to regenerate. If it is fully restored, then gradually the hearing is restored. Otherwise, the acute inflammatory process becomes chronic, sluggish. In addition, such children are partly unable to hear.

How to make a diagnosis yourself

It is easy to determine that your child has bilateral otitis, in the event that he is more or less an adult. He can complain about the pain in his ear, tell how strong she is. But what if the baby is not two years old and he can not talk yet. What symptoms will help indicate the onset of inflammation in the ears of these children?

1. The kid becomes restless, capricious.
2. The baby can refuse to eat, do not take the breast.
3. Such children constantly climb with their fingers into the aching ear, scratch it. And if you push a little on the tragus of this ear, then the child's restless behavior intensifies.

If such symptoms are detected in children, it is worth immediately contacting the hospital. The kid needs qualified help from an otolaryngologist. And all care for children in a serious condition will lie on their shoulders.

Therapy of bilateral otitis

After the ENT doctor diagnoses, he immediately prescribes the necessary treatment.

The tactics of the therapeutic effect and the list of recommended medications depends on the phase of the disease in which the patient is.

If the child has only the beginning of bilateral otitis, then he is prescribed strict bed rest and antibiotic therapy. Ideally, antibiotics are prescribed according to the results of bacterial analysis, but it is performed for a long time. Therefore, a broad-spectrum antibiotic with subsequent correction is prescribed. Most often used Amoxiclav or Ceftriaxone.

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If the patient's condition is severe, non-steroidal hormonal preparations are added to the list of prescriptions, for example, Diclofenac. As a local therapy, it is advisable to use boric alcohol or camphor oil. After each instillation, the ears are covered with cotton swabs.

In the second stage, drug treatment remains virtually unchanged. It is possible to replace the antibacterial drug after obtaining the result of an antibioticogram. However, during this period, special attention should be paid to hygienic cleaning of the ears, in which it is necessary to carefully remove the purulent discharge. Otolaryngologists are advised in the second phase of otitis to inject the antimicrobial drug into the tympanum. However, at home it is impracticable. Such treatment is possible only when the patient is in hospital.

In the event that the tympanic membrane is not opened by itself, then in order to avoid complications the doctor in the conditions of the hospital makes her opening surgically. Such manipulation is most often done by small children, because at this age the tympanic membrane is strong enough. In more adult patients, there is no need to treat this condition. Their tympanic membrane opens spontaneously.

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In the third stage of the disease, in the absence of a purulent discharge and damping of the inflammatory process, antibiotics are abolished and ear drops cease to drip. During this period, special attention is given to restoring the integrity of the tympanic membrane and hearing. The treatment of otitis will be mainly with the help of physiotherapy procedures: UHF, laser therapy or applications with therapeutic mud in the region of the mastoid process.

lor03.ru

Otitis in the child: symptoms, treatment, prevention

When the ears begin to ache, even experienced parents can lose self-control from whims and tears. In order to effectively combat the disease, it is necessary to know the enemy, which is called "in person warned - means armed.

What is otitis media?

Under otitis means any inflammation of the ear. Distinguish:

• The external ear (the auricle and the external ear canal to the tympanic membrane) whose inflammation will be external otitis. Here, the first place is played by furuncles caused by staphylococci and fungal lesions of the auditory canal.
• The middle ear that begins behind the tympanic membrane and includes the tympanum, the Eustachian tube, the cells of the mastoid process and the antrum. Inflammations in this department are called otitis media. This is the most common ear pathology in children.
• Internal otitis is also called labyrinthitis. In this inflammation affects the cochlea, its vestibule or semicircular canals.

Who is guilty?

The average otitis develops against a bacterial (less often viral) infection. The most common cause of its development is aggressive streptococcal or staphylococcal flora. Most often, it enters the ear cavity through the Eustachian tube, balancing the pressure between the ear and the nasal cavity. Therefore very often otitis is the outcome of the common cold.

A prerequisite for the development of otitis media is a significant decrease in local immunity in the child's body, more prone to ear infections:

• suffering from rickets (see p. symptoms and treatment of rickets in infants)
• anemia
• lack of weight
• chronic pathologies of ENT organs
• exudative diathesis
• extreme forms of immunodeficiency takes with diabetes, AIDS and leukemia.

But even a child without severe somatic diseases can become a victim of otitis with trivial hypothermia. The fact is that the external ear canal of a child, unlike an adult, does not have an S-shaped curvature. Therefore, any flow of cold air can provoke otitis in a child, the symptoms of otitis will directly depend on the location of the inflammation.

Manifestations of otitis media

With external otitis, the symptoms in children may vary depending on the severity of the process.

• A furuncle of the ear or auditory canal will manifest reddening, swelling, the appearance of an inflammatory tubercle, which gradually will change color from red to bluish. In the center of inflammatory education a purulent stem will form. Until the tissues melt to pus, the pain will be very intense. After the death of the receptors, it will become a little less. After the boil opens and the necrotic stem leaves, there will be a deep wound that will heal with the formation of a hem.
• Fungal otitis externa is characterized by the appearance of crusts and scaling in the ear passage against the background of a fungal infection. There is also itching.
• The average otitis can be divided into catarrhal otitis and purulent. Qatar is when inflammation caused by microbes is manifested in the form of redness, swelling and inconstant pain of a stabbing or shooting character. Depending on the severity of the inflammation, the intensity of pain varies, from weak to unbearable. The pain may be located inside the ear or be given to the cheek, temple, throat. This is due to the common nerve, which supplies the tympanum and oropharynx. Pain can be combined with ear congestion.
• Since the formation of the abscess on the tympanic membrane, they speak of a purulent otitis. In addition to the pain for him is typical of hearing loss. If the abscess breaks, a purulent effusion with an admixture of blood follows from the ear. Later, the eardrum heals with the formation of a scar, after which the hearing is restored. With a significant defect, the membrane can not completely heal, and then there will be hearing problems.

Also, the child will be disturbed by temperature rises and intoxication (muscle, joint and headaches, weakness and weakness).

• In addition to acute otitis media, a chronic inflammatory process can develop, which is divided into exudative otitis media, purulent or adhesive. Exudative and adhesive otitis variants have mild manifestations in the form of noise in the ears (causes) and hearing loss. Adhesive (adhesive) otitis is the result of the proliferation of connective tissue and fibrosis of the tympanum and tympanic membrane.
• In chronic purulent process, there is a periodic leakage from the ear and a persistent decrease in hearing due to the perforating perforation of the tympanic membrane.
• The labyrinthitis is manifested by pain, hearing loss and dizziness (cause), since the body involved in the process is an organ of balance that is conjugated to the inner ear.

How to suspect an otitis at home?

Older children may well complain of pain in the ear and even talk about what kind of pain and where it gives. It is much harder with kids up to two years old who can not really talk and just cry in response to pain (including, and on otitis). Symptoms in infants at this pathology are not specific:

• on the thought of inflammation of the middle ear can push the child's anxiety
• his unmotivated crying
• abandonment of a breast or bottle
• also children can grasp handles for a sore ear
• to turn one's head from side to side
• if you press on a tragus of a sick ear, a child's anxiety or crying is aggravated by the intensification of pain

For any suspected otitis, the child should immediately be shown to a pediatrician or an ENT doctor.

How does a doctor determine otitis?

The otolaryngologist has such a simple and convenient device as an ear mirror. With its help, you can see changes in the external ear canal, the tympanic membrane. Thus, the average otitis corresponds to changes in the light cone in the eardrum. With the same purpose the doctor can use the otoscope.

First aid for otitis

If the visit to the doctor is postponed for objective reasons (although it is not possible to delay it), and the child is worried and crying, the first thing to do if you suspect otitis anesthetize the ear.

For this purpose, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used that have the property of suppressing inflammation, temperature and pain. Children are allowed paracetamol derivatives (tayled, kalpol, efferalgan, panadol, tylenol), ibuprofen (nurofen, ibuklin) and naproxen (cefecon) Review of all antipyretics for children, with dosages and prices. You can use syrup, tablets or rectal suppositories.

The second remedy for otitis media is ear drops Otypaks (170-250 rub), Otirelaks (140 rub) This a combined preparation containing anti-inflammatory phenazone and a local anesthetic of lidocaine hydrochloride. It must be remembered that otipaksom can be used only if the tympanic membrane has not been damaged (the ear did not flow). In infants instilled by 2 drops, and in children older than two years, 3-4 drops in each ear.

How correctly to drip drops?

• Before burying drops, the bottle should be warmed to room temperature. In infants, the temperature can be up to 36 degrees. Alternatively, the drops are poured from the vial into a warm spoon, and then pipetted.
• The child must be placed with the ear up and pull the auricle back and down to spread the auditory canal.
• After the drops are dipped, the child is kept up in his ear for at least ten minutes, so that the medicine does not leak.
• In children, drops are buried in both ears, since the process is usually two-sided.
• A baby sucking a pacifier needs to be removed before dropping drops. In combination with a stuffy nose, a pacifier can cause a barotrauma of the tympanic membrane.

Treatment of external otitis media

Furuncle of the external ear (purulent otitis) is treated according to the classical scheme. At the stage of infiltration (before the formation of the rod) with anti-inflammatory agents and alcohol compresses for the purpose of resorption. After the rod is formed - surgical opening of the abscess with drainage of the cavity, washing Hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine, Miramistin and subsequent ointment dressings with levomekolom to the full wound healing. When intoxication, high temperature, lymphadenitis, antibiotics are connected.

Fungal lesions of the auditory canal are treated with antifungal ointments (clotrimazole, candid, flucanazole) at need to designate systemic antifungal agents in tablets (amphotericin, griseofulvin, mycosyst). As a rule, in children up to two years of age, systemic antifungal agents are not used.

Treatment of otitis media

The smallest preference is given to local treatment. For them, systemic antibiotics - too heavy a load on the immune system and intestines (see. list of probiotics, analogues of Linex). Therefore, very strict indications are given for antibiotics:

• Hyperthermia within three days of the onset of local therapy
• severe intoxication
• poorly docked pain that prevents a child from sleeping and eating normally

Drops in the ears are used by the course for seven to ten days. During this period, the child is necessarily examined by an otolaryngologist to be sure of the positive dynamics of the inflammation or to correct the treatment if the result is unsatisfactory.

In older (from two years) children, therapy also begins with ear drops, supplemented with anti-inflammatory drugs (see. First aid for otitis).

A prerequisite for the treatment of otitis media is getting rid of the common cold. With untreated rhinitis, there are risks of re-development of middle ear inflammation. For this purpose, antiviral (interferon), antibacterial (drops - isofra, polidex, protorgol) and combined (vibrocil) drops are used.

• Drops in the ears

- Otypaxcombines anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
- Sulfacil sodium (albucid) - a universal antimicrobial and antiviral agent.
- Otofa- antibacterial drug based on antibiotic rifamycin.
Albucid and otofa are not contraindicated in the case of perforation of the tympanic membrane.
- Polidex- children older than two and a half years have the opportunity to use polydix (a combination of antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin with the addition of hormonal anti-inflammatory dexamethasone).

Course treatment is carried out from seven to ten days. During this time, it is quite possible to cure uncomplicated catarrhal otitis in a child. Treatment should be prescribed and monitored by an ENT doctor.

• Antibiotics in tablets, suspensions or injections

Requirements for these drugs: safety, non-toxicity, achieving sufficient concentrations at the site of inflammation, Preservation of therapeutic doses for a long time (no less than eight hours for a comfortable multiplicity of receptions for day). The duration of antibiotic therapy is seven days, except for drugs that are able to accumulate and retain therapeutic concentrations in the blood for a week or ten days (for example, azithromycin, which is prescribed for three to five days).

• Penicillins. Preferred semisynthetic (oxacillin, amoxicillin, flemoxin, ampicillin, carbenicillin) and inhibitor-protected, allowing to resist resistant strains of microbes (amoksiklav, flemoklav, augmentin, unazin, sultamitsillin, ampaksid).
• Cephalosporins of the second (cefuroxime, cefaclor) of the third (ceftibutene, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefazidime) and the fourth (cefepime) generations.
• Macrolides now displace cephalosporins. More convenient in dosing, the duration of the course and the forms of administration (tablets, suspension). Treatment of otitis media in children is carried out with azithromycin (azitral, sumamed, chemomycin), clarithromycin.
• Aminoglycosides are the drugs of choice if there is staphylococcal purulent otitis in a child. Treatment with kanamycin, gentamycin, sizomycin, amikacin is carried out mainly permanently due to nephrotoxicity.

To the peculiarities of antibiotic therapy in children it is necessary to include the refusal to use fluoroquinolones, since they are contraindicated for children under 18 years old, as well as to reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant infections.

To the question of antihistamines

Classic treatment regimens for otitis media suggest prescribing antihistamines to reduce the allergic component of inflammation and reduce edema. Recommended second and third generation drugs that do not cause drowsiness or have a minimal sedative effect: claritin, desloratadine, loratadine, clarixens, cetirizine, ketotifen (see. medicines for allergies).

However, today a number of specialists (primarily American, conducting selective clinical studies involving children-children) believe that the use of this group of drugs in otitis is inappropriate, since there is no direct relationship between their use and the rate of cure disease. To date, the issue remains open, as there are still no full standards for the treatment of acute otitis in children.

Treatment of labyrinthitis

Since the process can easily be complicated by meningeal inflammation, sepsis and even disorders of cerebral circulation, the treatment is carried out under stationary conditions. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and dehydrating drugs are used. If necessary, surgical intervention is performed.

Treatment of otitis media folk remedies

Traditional methods of treating otitis in children are quite diverse, but it should be noted that turning a child into a testing ground is not humane and reckless. Of course, in the field, when a doctor and a pharmacy are unavailable, a person will resort to any improvised means to alleviate the pain, suffering of the child. Therefore, we will focus on the most appropriate and less harmful for children's health folk remedies against otitis (ear inflammation).

External otitis, flowing in the form of a furuncle in the stage of infiltration (with reddened tubercle without a purulent stem), as well as the average catarrhal otitis in children is susceptible to folk remedies. You can use a vodka or alcoholic compress or lotion:

• boric, camphor alcohol or vodka are applied to a gauze pad that is applied to the ear area
• Polyethylene film or wax paper is placed on top
• the dressing is strengthened with a scarf or scarf
• exposure time from 15 to 30 minutes (the younger the child, the shorter the procedure time)
• Decently resolves infiltrates and iodine
• Also apply and leaves of an aloe, cutting them in half and applying to an abscess a cut of a leaf

No heating procedures for otitis are allowed. Treatment with alcohol-containing solutions is strictly prohibited in children up to a year, even for external use. In older children it is also not desirable, especially it is contraindicated to use for medical purposes with medical alcohol in undiluted form. It is better to use camphor, boric spirits or vodka. Burying boric or camphor alcohol in the ear is acceptable, but only in children older than 6 years - not more than 2 drops.

In fungal lesions of the auditory canal, people rub it with a solution of soda (not to be confused with instillation or washing). Soda creates an alkaline environment in which mushrooms do not breed well, but can not completely cure the fungal infection.

Sollux (blue lamp) is a thermal procedure, shown with a noggin otitis. However, in everyday life, nocturnal otitis from purulent is difficult to distinguish, especially since a bacterial infection can not be heated. Therefore, any folk methods should be coordinated with the treating pediatrician.

Prevention of otitis

• Rational ear hygiene. It is inadmissible to clean the ears of a child with improvised means, to penetrate deep into the ear canal.
• After bathing, the baby needs to shake out or get wet from the ear.
• Children under one year should not be in drafts without head covers covering their ears.
• It is necessary to treat all diseases of ENT organs (sore throats, tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis) in time and fully. Bilateral otitis in the child often develops against the background of the common cold.

zdravotvet.ru

Exudative otitis in children and adults: treatment with medications and folk remedies

Exudative otitis is a common disease. It is accompanied by noninfectious inflammation of the middle ear, in which there is an accumulation of exudate in its cavity. This disease affects both adults and children. And in the absence of timely therapy, the inflammatory process can lead to a mass of irreversible complications. Therefore, information about the causes, symptoms and treatment of the disease will be useful to many readers.

What is the disease?

Exudative otitis media in no case should not be confused with the catarrhal form. In this case, infectious tissue damage is absent, and the inflammatory process is sluggish. The main difference of this form of the disease is the accumulation of exudative fluid in the middle ear cavity. By the way, when examining the ear, you can observe both a thin layer of serous fluid and the formation of a fairly thick layer of viscous exudate. In the people such a disease is often called a "sticky ear".

According to statistical data, exudative otitis in children is diagnosed much more often than in adult patients, which is associated with some anatomical features of a growing child's body. Most often, children of preschool age (from two to five years) are prone to this disease. With proper treatment, the disease is not dangerous, but the lack of timely therapy is fraught with a mass of negative consequences, including hearing loss.

The main causes of exudative otitis media development

Exudative otitis media can develop under the influence of various factors. Normally, a small amount of fluid is constantly formed in the middle ear cavity - this is perfectly normal, as it is removed from the cavity naturally.

But in some cases, outflow of fluid is difficult, which leads to its accumulation in the middle ear. What is the cause of this pathology? First of all, it should be noted that the disease can be associated with a violation of the normal patency of the auditory canal or Eustachian tubes. This is often observed against a background of sinusitis, persistent allergic rhinitis, acute catarrhal otitis. The causes of violation of patency can be adenoids. Some anatomical features are also important - for example, the risk of developing the disease increases with the curvature of the nasal septum, the increase in nasal concha, and the splitting of the palate.

Risk factors include the presence of tumors in the nasal passages or sinuses. Exudative otitis can develop as a result of trauma, including barotrauma in divers and pilots. Sometimes the disease develops against a background of a sharp decrease in immunity, hypothermia.

Classification of the disease

To date, there are several classification schemes for this disease. For example, depending on the current, it is customary to allocate:

• acute form of the disease lasts up to 3 weeks;
• with subacute otitis, the duration of the process is 3-8 weeks;
• if the disease is present in the patient for more than eight weeks, it is advisable to talk about the chronic form of the disease.

It is worth noting that the disease can affect both one and both ears. By the way, bilateral exudative otitis in children is diagnosed more often than unilateral.

What symptoms are accompanied by the disease?

It is worth noting that the clinical picture with this disease is slightly blurred - there is no pain, no increase in body temperature, nor the standard symptoms of intoxication, which significantly complicates the process diagnostics. Moreover, in the absence of disturbing factors, many patients simply do not consult a doctor, especially when it comes to a small child.

So, what is worth paying attention to? Perhaps the only symptom in most cases is hearing loss. Some patients complain of a feeling of permanent stuffiness of the ears or nose (there is no allocation at the same time). Symptoms include autophony - during the conversation the patient can hear the echo of his own voice. In the presence of such violations should consult a doctor.

The most dangerous is exudative otitis in children, since a small child simply may not notice the presence of symptoms. In turn, the lack of treatment leads to the development of persistent deafness. In early childhood, hearing loss can disrupt the normal development of speech.

What diagnostic methods are used?

If there is a suspicion of exudative otitis it is worth to go to an otolaryngologist. To begin with, the doctor will perform a primary examination and collect a complete medical history (including information on previously transferred diseases). In many cases, changes can be noticed already during the usual otoscopy - the doctor has the opportunity to study the changes in the tympanic membrane.

In the future, additional tests are prescribed to help determine the reason for the occurrence of exudative otitis - treatment depends on it. For example, the ventilation function of the auditory tubes is studied. In addition, the doctor determines the level of mobility of the tympanic membrane. Sufficiently informative is also considered acoustic tubometry, which helps to determine the level of hearing loss, even if it is a question of the smallest patients.

X-ray can be used as an additional study. In disputable cases, the patient is advised to undergo a CT scan. Sometimes during the diagnosis the doctor examines the cavity of the middle ear with a flexible endoscope.

Exudative otitis media: treatment with drugs

Only a doctor can prescribe the right therapy, since the scheme in this case is made individually. Treatment of exudative otitis in children and adults is carried out in several directions at once.

In particular, it is extremely important to determine the cause of disturbance of the patency of the auditory tubes and restore it. Carry out treatment of cold and colds, if necessary, prescribe a procedure for removing adenoids or correcting the nasal septum.

As for medicines, their choice depends on the condition of the patient and the stage of the development of the disease. In some cases it is advisable to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Also, patients are prescribed mucolytic drugs that dilute exudate and promote its rapid elimination. In particular, the most effective drugs are considered active components of which are acetylcysteine ​​("ACTS") or carbocysteine. The course of mucolytics takes about two weeks.

The expediency of taking antibiotics by many doctors is called into question, since most often the inflammatory process with exudative otitis is aseptic. Nevertheless, if the infection was detected during the diagnosis, then the treatment course includes taking antibacterial drugs, for example "Amoxicillin". It is necessary to take antihistamines, which, on the one hand, hamper the development process vaccine immunity, and on the other - reduce the likelihood of developing an allergic reaction to the sick medication. Quite often, patients are recommended "Suprastin "Tavegil" and other means.

To facilitate nasal breathing, it is possible to use vasoconstrictive nasal drops (for example "Otrivin"), but such therapy should not last more than five days.

Other conservative treatments

Of course, drug therapy is not enough. Since exudative otitis is associated with impaired patency of the auditory tubes, one of the tasks of the doctor is to restore it. To this end, a variety of methods are used. For example, blowing on Politzer is considered quite effective. This procedure is nothing more than a pneumomassage of the tympanic membrane. This treatment allows you to restore the tone of the muscles of the auditory tube, improve its patency, and also remove the exudate from the tympanum.

In addition, the therapy includes a variety of physiotherapy procedures, for example, magnetotherapy, ultrasound and laser therapy. Energetic electrophoresis is also considered to be effective, in which steroid hormones and proteolytic enzymes (mucolytics) are used.

When is surgery necessary?

Unfortunately, not always conservative drugs help to eliminate exudative otitis media. Treatment in such cases is performed with the help of surgical intervention. To date, there are many therapeutic methods, ranging from a one-time removal of exudate from the ear cavity and ending with an extensive operation involving neurosurgeons.

Nevertheless, most often the patient is bypassed by the bypass of the middle ear cavity. The tympanic membrane is dissected and a special shunt is inserted through it, which remains in the ear for several months. This procedure facilitates the aeration and excretion of the exudate, and also allows the rapid and painless introduction of drugs directly into the tympanum.

Exudative otitis: how to treat with the help of traditional medicine?

Of course, there are many unconventional ways of treating inflammatory processes in the ear. So how to eliminate exudative otitis media? Treatment with folk remedies is possible only with the destruction of the doctor, as inept use of medicines can lead to the development of complications.

Some healers recommend using a decoction of chamomile, in which you need to moisten a cotton swab and then insert into the ear canal. It is advisable to carry out the procedure at night. Such a remedy helps to relieve the inflammatory process and to facilitate the departure of the exudate.

You can prepare ear drops from mint. Two tablespoons of fresh crushed leaves of peppermint should be poured a glass of vodka and insist for a week. Then you need to strain the tincture. Bury three drops in each ear several times a day (at intervals of three hours).

Chronic otitis media

Most often, the chronic form develops against the background of acute exudative otitis. The chronic process is indicated if the disease has not been resolved within the first eight weeks. The causes and symptoms of chronic aseptic inflammation are approximately the same as in acute forms. It is worth noting that not every case can completely restore the hearing of a patient with a similar diagnosis - some changes are irreversible.

What are the complications of the disease?

Unfortunately, the lack of therapy leads to extremely unpleasant complications:

1. The tympanic membrane can be retracted - in medicine this condition is called atelectasis.
2. A common complication is atrophy of the tympanic membrane, in which it becomes very thin and loses its basic functions.
3. Much less often the disease is associated with the perforation of the membrane, which, of course, leads to disruption of the normal operation of the hearing aid.
4. As a complication, the patient may develop adhesive otitis media, which is accompanied by scarring tympanic membrane, atrophic changes in the auditory ossicles, and proliferation of fibrous tissue inside the drum cavity.
5. As mentioned before, the disease often ends with the development of hearing loss.

Are there effective methods of prevention?

Unfortunately, there are no effective means that can protect a child or an adult from developing a similar disease. Nevertheless, doctors recommend that all inflammatory diseases of the ears and upper respiratory tract be treated on time, and also use appropriate means to stop allergic reactions - this will help reduce the risk of developing such a ailment.

In addition, after suffering a cold or catarrhal otitis, you need to carefully monitor changes in the behavior of the child. If you notice a decrease in hearing (for example, the baby begins to add volume when watching TV or listening to music), it is necessary to undergo an examination with an otolaryngologist. Exudative otitis media of the middle ear can be extremely dangerous.

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