From this article you will learn: all possible causes of nosebleeds in adults and children.
Contents of the article:
- Reasons for adults
- Causes in children
- When nosebleeds are single, and when recurrent
The causes of nasal bleeding are large. It is important to determine the cause of bleeding in a particular person to prevent repeated episodes.
| most common causes | Rarer |
|---|---|
| Injuries | cocaine Inhalation |
| clotting disorder | Lack of vitamin C or K |
| High blood pressure | Acute colds and viral diseases |
| hormonal failure | |
| Thermal effects( more sunstroke) | |
| capillary fragility | |
| Some diseases,for example, rhinitis |
Comparative diagram of the prevalence of causes of nosebleeds( in percent) In children from the nose, blood flows due to polyps or adenoids, inozrastnoy unformed vessels, the presence of a foreign body in the nasal passage, anemia, prolonged use of a vasoconstrictor spray, etc.
If the blood flows from the nose repeatedly, you can not ignore this. This may be a sign of a serious illness of the blood, internal organs or the manifestation of oncology. First you need to try to understand yourself, why can there be blood from the nose, is there a periodicity, whether bleeding is tied to a certain time of day or not, how intense they are, how often they go, whether there are clots or the scarlet liquid blood flows.
Then necessarily to address to the otolaryngologist. All these observations will help him to quickly understand why the blood from the nose is coming from you. Of course, an additional examination will be required. The list of diagnostic methods will be selected by the doctor, in accordance with the intended cause. It is possible that after receiving the results of the study, consultation or treatment with another specialist - cardiologist, endocrinologist, surgeon, oncologist - will be necessary. In case of trauma to the face with damage to the nasal passages, the cause of bleeding is obvious, in this case, you should immediately contact a traumatologist.
Only by eliminating the provoking factor, you will get rid of bleeding.
Reasons for adults
Two groups of causes of bleeding:
- local( local) - affect only the nose;
- systemic( general) - arise due to the internal effects of the body, for example, in various diseases.
Local factors provocateurs
- Injury of the nose. Often occur during a fight because of strikes on the face or in serious accidents.
- Allergy. The walls of the vessels are ruptured by an allergic reaction and blood flow.
- Dry hot indoor air. Often the cause of nocturnal bleeding is the drying of the mucosa due to inhalation of too dry air currents during hot batteries in the winter.
- Polyp in the nose or deformation of the nasal septum. This complicates the nasal breathing, which is why the load between the nostrils is not distributed correctly. The polyp squeezes the blood vessels, which often results in a red liquid from the nose, especially in the morning.
- Atrophy of the mucosa. It develops with various inflammatory diseases, for example, chronic rhinitis. It can be a consequence of hereditary disease or occupational hazard - dustiness of the room, air dryness, work in the frost. Insufficient excretion of mucus, drying and thinning of the mucosa causes fragility of the vessels, and as a result, nosebleeds.
- Inflammation of the nasal mucosa( rhinitis) may be accompanied by a slight nosebleed. Blood clots are visible together with the mucus that appears in the rhinitis.
- Prolonged use of hormonal or vasoconstrictive spray( drops).
- The sunstroke is one of the main factors causing nasal bleeding in the hot summer. Often the general overheating of the body, which occurs due to prolonged exposure to the scorching sun, is accompanied by nasal bleeding. Vessels of the mucosa become brittle and burst.
- Inhalation of cocaine. It has long been noted that addicts using cocaine through the nose, thinning mucous, losing the sense of smell, there are nosebleeds.
General pathology of the body
- Arterial hypertension is the most common cause of epistaxis in adults, especially the elderly. This "natural bleeding" reduces the risk of brain stroke. Usually, after him, the condition of a person does not worsen, but improves. It develops against the background of noise in the ears, cephalgia( headache) and other symptoms of the crisis. Vessels burst, unable to withstand pressure, because of which the blood from the nose goes a thin trickle without clots.
- Acute infections affecting the nasal mucosa. This is sinusitis, sinusitis, frontalitis, rhinitis, SARS and others. Inflamed vessels are more fragile and burst more often, provoking a course of blood with the nose. Similar changes in vascular walls happen at an allergic rhinitis.
- Diseases of the blood or other pathologies, accompanied by a violation of its coagulation. Because of what does the blood flow from the nose in this case? For example, in hemophilia, the deficiency of clotting factors of blood plasma leads not only to nasal and other external heavy bleeding, but also serious internal. The rest pathologies include hemorrhagic diathesis, vasculitis, coagulopathy, hypo-and vitamin deficiency with a deficiency of vit. K, S.
- Hormonal restructuring or malfunction during puberty, menopause, or pregnancy.
- Taking medications that dilute blood. Heparin, warfarin, aspirin can cause nasal bleeding.
- Pheochromocytoma is a hormone-dependent adrenal tumor of a malignant or benign nature. Its main symptom is hypertension with frequent crises, during which nosebleeds are not ruled out. The stable form of the disease is characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure and, correspondingly, frequent episodes of nasal bleeding.
- Malignant neoplasm in the nasal cavity. Various cancers lead to ulceration of the mucous membrane, disruption of nasal breathing, and bleeding. Barometric Pressure Differential. This is faced by divers, climbers or pilots.
Why the blood comes from the nose - also for other reasons:
- Inhalation of chemical irritants.
- Flight.
- Intensive sneezing.
Causes in children
Why does the nose bleed from babies? Factors, as in adults, a lot. Very frequent:
- Foreign body in nasal passage.
- Falling with damage to the nose.
- Mechanical injury to the mucous toy or finger.
The cause, when the blood comes from the nose in children at night, may be increased pressure or overdried air in the room. If this is an isolated case, the blood is easy to stop, there are no other symptoms, then there is no cause for concern. If bleeding occurs repeatedly, stops badly, the child complains of weakness, various pains, then one must always go to the pediatrician and be examined. In such cases, blood from the nose can go due to a serious illness, for example, anemia, leukemia, hemophilia or other illness associated with poor blood coagulability. When
nosebleeds once, and when periodic
Single nosebleed
- Injury mucous foreign object that is especially true for young children.
- Severe fatigue or transferred stress.
- Fever in ARI or other infections.
- Overheating of the body while visiting the sauna, sauna, long exposure to the sun.
If a child has nose blood after applying drops with vasoconstrictive action, it is worth stopping their use. The mucous membrane is so dry that the nasal capillaries burst.
Single bleeding without massive blood loss is usually harmless. But at repeated repetition of episodes it is necessary to be on guard and it is obligatory to consult with the expert.
Special attention should be paid to "signaling" bleeding. It starts suddenly, quickly ends, but blood loss is significant, and the color of the blood may be unusual - dark, curdled with flakes and large clots, or red foamy.. This may indicate an aneurysm, rupture of a large vessel, the decay of cancer, lung, stomach bleeding and other
Causes periodic nosebleeds
If the blood is flowing regularly, accompanied by other symptoms - uterine bleeding, bleeding gums, bruising, fever, painjoints, it is worthwhile to be alerted and it is necessary to consult first with an ENT doctor or therapist. Perhaps you have a system or a malignant disease, such as anemia, pheochromocytoma, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia and others.
hypertensive prone to nosebleeds usually themselves point out that the blood flowing from his nose during a hypertensive crisis. After normalizing the pressure, it stops.
If you can not stop the blood from the child yourself, bruises are noted on different parts of the body, then immediately it is necessary to call an ambulance, and then pass the examination in order to exclude hemophilia.
If repeated cases of nasal bleeding, a duration longer than 20 minutes, the presence of accompanying symptoms, it is necessary to visit a specialist to determine and eliminate the cause of the pathological condition.
