Tips for parents: pediatrician L.Sh. Anikeeva

What is the motherhood of

Do you have a child? Congratulations! Of course, it will be the best kid in the world and you are ready to do everything to make him born and grow up healthy. In iridescent dreams, you represent a family idyll: a rosy-cheeked little chapel surrounded by loving parents and happy grandparents, racing to offer their services for the care of an infant.

Do you already have a child? Then you know firsthand what colic, regurgitation, diarrhea and diathesis are. Sleepless nights with a baby screaming for an unknown reason and fatiguing fatigue have undermined the belief in a happy motherhood, and you are tormented by doubts: "I guess I'm a bad mother. I do not understand my child. Maybe he is not healthy or crying from hunger?

Maternity is not only joy and happiness from communicating with precious crumbs, it's sleepless nights, and diseases that lie in wait for the baby at every turn, and worry for his fragile life, and the despair that sometimes arises from the inabilityto alleviate his suffering.

Responsibility for the child

The highest responsibility for the health and well-being of the child is borne by the parents. A sensible mother, undividedly belonging to the baby, should be extremely attentive to his mood, behavior, desires and whims. Then she will not miss the onset of any disease, but if she sees something wrong, she will go to the doctor and if necessary she will give the sick child first aid in order to alleviate his suffering.

These tips and recommendations will help you understand the structure of children's healthcare, get acquainted with the tasks and opportunities of each stage of medical care, so that at the right time, do not ask "whom to call?", But be guided by certain rules and common sense.

From the onset of the illness to the medical examination, there is always some time when mom remains alone with a sick child who needs first aid. To the great regret of pediatricians, modern young women, confidently handling complex electronic equipment, feel utterly bewildered and helpless in caring for a sick child.

Stages of rendering medical care to children

The main content of Russian pediatrics has always been and still is its preventive focus. Strengthening and maintaining the health of the child and preventing disease are the leading health strategy.

This important and responsible work must begin before the birth of the child, with the acquaintance of the local pediatrician with the future mother, the features of her health, the presence or absence of aggravating factors, the material and cultural level of the family and the quality of living conditions. At this stage the doctor can advise a woman on the preparation of a dowry for a newborn, choose the best place for a baby cot, convince a future mother of the advantage of breastfeeding, adjust it for breastfeeding, help prepare the breast for feeding, etc.

Since the birth of the child is under the supervision of neonatologists of the maternity hospital, which monitor the health of the baby before his discharge.

At home, the toddler will be under the supervision of the district pediatrician, who should be your friend for many years, because your goal is the health of the child, to which you will strive together.

If a child grows healthy, then in the first year of life, he is examined by a doctor 1 time per month, usually on a "baby" day with a simultaneous vaccination.

If a rickets, anemia, anemia, hypotrophy, diathesis or other pathology is detected in the first year of life, the doctor takes the child to the dispensary register, performs a dynamic monitoring of the health status, and in conjunction with the "narrow" specialists appoints medical and recreational measures and analyzes the effectiveness of the medical examination. These efforts are not in vain, regular observation and careful implementation of all medical recommendations helps to eliminate the problem in the early stages, until it caused significant harm to the health of the child.

Healthy children come to see a doctor in a polyclinic, and the care of sick children occurs only at home.

This requirement limits the contacts of a sick child with healthy ones, and also provides the patient with a sparing treatment regimen. In any clinic there is an opportunity to call a doctor at home, which must be performed on the same day. At the primary visit of the sick child, the doctor examines him, prescribes treatment, gives recommendations on nutrition, care, treatment, the necessary procedures, and further supervises the course of the disease, visiting the patient without a repeated call( "active" visit).If the patient's condition requires an injection at home, the nurse is connected to the treatment process. If necessary, the doctor appoints an additional study, consultations of "narrow" specialists, examination of the head of the department and other medical and diagnostic measures.

A doctor is called at home at every clinic every day from 8.00 to 14.00( 16 hours).

Special mention should be made of the word "daily", , since many parents do not even suspect the possibility of calling a pediatrician on weekends and holidays, waiting for Monday, doing self-medication, or requiring an ambulance to "listen to the child."

Remember: there is not a single day in a year when a sick child can be denied a pediatrician from a polyclinic.

Even in the New Year holidays, which in our country last from Catholic Christmas to the old New Year, medical care for children is daily.

If you are late to call a doctor

Is your child sick in the evening when calls to the house are no longer accepted? This is also not a reason for sadness. In each district of the city there are 24-hour medical aid to children at home( OCCP), which are popularly called "children's emergency rooms".Day and night, on holidays and on weekdays, pediatricians of the OCMP go to the sick children and provide them with the necessary help, prescribe treatment and transfer information about it to the district clinic, where on the same or the next day your doctor will come to continue treatment andexamination.

Unfortunately, the child concept of "health" - a state of unstable. He just had fun and danced, when suddenly he suddenly lost consciousness and turned blue. Or against a background of sharply jumped up temperature gave out cramps and ceased to breathe. Or in the middle of the night he began to choke and catch air with his mouth."Scalded with boiling water", "got under the car", "fell out of the window", "does not breathe", "turned blue", "suffocates" - these and some other reasons require immediate assistance to restore health, and often life to the child. In such cases, immediately call an ambulance, whose phone is known to everyone: "03".

The main task of the "First Aid" is to provide emergency medical care to patients and victims at the scene and during transportation to the hospital, as well as to carry out the maximum possible amount of treatment aimed at restoring the vital functions of the body.

"Ambulance" is available at any time to all citizens without exception, regardless of the registration and the presence or absence of an insurance policy.

All medicines, disposable syringes, intravenous drip infusion systems, transport buses, bandages, diagnostic tests( ECG, express blood sugar analysis), use of anesthesia and breathing apparatus and other manipulations conducted by the ambulance team, forall patients are free .( For a more detailed account of the everyday life of the First Aid, see below).

In case of ineffectiveness of outpatient treatment, addition of secondary complications, difficulties with diagnosis, the issue of hospitalization of a sick child in a hospital is being decided. Hospitalization is necessary in case of acute illness in a child of the first year of life, with a serious condition of the patient, with suspected acute surgical pathology, with certain infectious diseases taking into account the state of the child and social conditions.

Hospitalization is a voluntary matter

Of course, no one has the right to hospitalize a child violently, if the parents - the legitimate representatives of his interests - refuse treatment under hospital conditions. The task and duty of the doctor is to convince the parents of the need for this step. The parents take responsibility for the further course of the disease and the fate of the child, which is recorded in the medical records and the parents' signature is placed. The doctor will have to conduct screening, treatment and active supervision at home.

If the state of the child is life-threatening and requires an indispensable hospitalization, and the parents do not want to give it to the hospital due to lack of understanding, mental retardation, chronic alcoholism and other reasons, the guardianship or trusteeship authority or law enforcement agencies should be connected to the issue. In this situation, the actions of parents are contrary to the interests of the child and cause him harm.

What are the tasks of the Children's Hospital

? The Children's Hospital performs the following tasks

1. providing the sick child with inpatient care;
2. treatment of sick children using the latest achievements of medical science and technology;
3. providing emergency medical care for sudden illnesses and accidents to all patients, regardless of age and service area.

At this point it is worthwhile to dwell separately.

Any patient brought to the emergency department by an ambulance crew who has applied there on his own or with a referral from a health center should be examined by a doctor on duty and receive first aid, regardless of the presence or absence of a policy, residence permit, citizenship and indications for hospitalization.

If a refusal to provide medical assistance without a valid reason entailed causing harm to health, this case falls under Article 124 of the Criminal Code "Denial of assistance to the patient".

If you encounter a physician's unwillingness to examine your child and provide first aid to him, you must insist that you record in the journal the fact of your application to the admissions department and get a written refusal in hospitalization. In the interests of the child, it is not worth adjusting to long-term clarification of the relationship, but it is necessary to go to another hospital. Call for an answer to unscrupulous health workers you can later, when the danger to the health of the child passes.

Here you have become acquainted with the main types of medical care that is provided to children free of charge:

1. outpatient care,
2. emergency medical care,
3. inpatient care,

and the order of treatment in these treatment and prophylactic institutions in each case.

Before the birth or the first days after discharge from the maternity hospital , bring the necessary information to the notebook so that in the event of a baby's illness, you do not have to frantically rummage through the phone book, searching for the phone of the clinic, and not finding it, calling an ambulance with a reason"Temperature 37.5" or "diaper rash in the groin".

Recommendations for the safety of the house

With the birth of a child in the heart of every mother, concern for his health and well-being is being settled. Yes, and how not to worry? After all, he seems so weak and helpless. The fragility and vulnerability of a child's life is fully realized when misfortune has already occurred. Then there are questions: "Was it possible to prevent or avoid this?"

Dangers lie in wait for our children everywhere. Every year, like a snowball, a growing number of tragedies, the main participants of which are children.

But if schoolchildren and teenagers go for dangerous adventures on the street, the kids of the first three years receive the most injuries at home in the presence of loving family members.

Dear parents! You simply must create a safe space for the child to develop a healthy and harmonious development. The world in which your baby enters must be kind, and the degree of his kindness largely depends on your foresight and attentiveness.

Even before birth, preparing a dowry for the baby, consider each item in terms of its safety for the child.

The cot in the first months of life will be the main habitat, so it should become a cozy and safe nest. The distance between the slats of the side walls should not be more than 6 cm, so that the child could not put a head between them. On the inner perimeter of the crib, reinforce the gasket that protects the child's head from blows. The gasket can be bought or made by yourself, cutting an old blanket or blanket into strips 50-70 cm wide by combining them into one liner, the length of which is equal to the perimeter of the crib, and placing it in a special cover with ribbons, with which the gasket is attached to the crib.

The mattress should be tight and elastic, not bend under the body of the child, its dimensions should strictly correspond to the size of the crib, there should not be any gaps between the edge of the mattress and the walls of the crib.

A child does not need a feather or a feather pillow, until he is two years old he does well without it. You can slightly raise the head of the mattress, and a comfortable rest your hereditary prince is provided.

The bed must have at least 2 levels to accommodate the mattress.

Until the child starts to sit down, the distance from the top of the crib to the mattress can not be more than 40 cm, which makes it easier for the mother to take care of the child. As the child grows and its activity increases, it is necessary to gradually lower the mattress.

The tilting side panel must be easily lowered and secured securely. When the child starts to sit down and get up on all fours, you need to remove from the crib large toys, climbing on which the baby can fall out of it.

During wakefulness the child spends a lot of time in an arena. Make sure that the arena is installed securely, and a small ranger can not get out of him or turn over, and all dangerous objects are at an unreachable distance from him.

At the age of 7-8 months the child is already confidently sitting and requires his presence for a common family dinner. Move away from it a dish with steaming soup and a cup of hot tea. He also likes to be in the kitchen and watch my mother's culinary creativity. It's time to put him on a children's chair, which has fixing belts around the trunk and between the legs. Do not place a chair near the stove, walls, refrigerator, table, so that the child can not reach and push away from them.

If the child, being alone in the room, crying and requires your presence, you do not have to hurry. But if he has calmed down, throw all your affairs and immediately rush to him.

The child's silence indicates that the baby has reached something new and interesting, possibly dangerous.

It is impossible to foresee and warn against all accidents, but each of his actions for caring for a child, the mother, as a good chess player, should evaluate for several moves forward.

Mom prepared to bathe a two-month-old baby, put it on a washing machine, which she used for a long time as a changing table, and turned away for a second to get a shampoo. This moment was enough for the crumb to be on the tiled floor with a severe head injury.

"How could this happen?- crying young woman."She can not turn over yet."It's very simple: the diaper has moved along a smooth surface under the influence of active movements of the child. Do not leave the kids on the changing tables for a minute, it's dangerous. Yes, he does not yet know how to turn over, but, like perpetuum mobile, "pedals" with his feet and slowly but surely moves along the sliding surface to the edge and slides to the floor.

From 4-5 months, when the baby is already turning from the abdomen on the back and in the opposite direction, the danger of falling from the couch, from the bed, from the changing table increases. Do not leave it unattended. Do you need to go to the kitchen for water or open the front door of a husband returned to work? Place the baby in the crib or in the arena. So more reliable. Even if something detains you on the way, the baby is safe.

As soon as the kid has learned to crawl, and even more so to walk, the probability of accidents increases many times. The desire to quickly learn the world will lead to a small fidget in the most unsuitable places for children's curiosity. From this point on, adult family members must constantly be alert and do not leave objects or medicines that are dangerous to the baby in sight.

"Movable, like mercury" - this is because it is said about your poster. He has an amazing ability to be at the same time in several places. How to keep track of him?

None, even the most caring and attentive, my mother can not permanently be with the child 24 hours a day.

Therefore, parents must foresee the danger that housewares carry in themselves and prevent it.

If the child is playing on the floor, check if there are buttons, coins, needles and other small items that can get into his mouth and respiratory tract. Even better, before releasing the baby to the floor, vacuum all carpets and carpets. But a small ranger can find a button, a pea or a ring, rolled into a corner and inaccessible to a gluttonous vacuum cleaner.

What will the child do with the find? There are many options. First, he will try the object "on the teeth," and perhaps swallow it.

Do not panic. If the object is smooth, with even edges, there is no danger, and in one or two days it will come out naturally. And you will find the loss in the pot.

A foreign body can become stuck in the esophagus, in one of its physiological constrictions. Then the child will feel constrained by the sternum and pain, aggravated with each swallowing movement. For this reason, the baby will stop swallowing saliva, and it will flow out of the mouth. These signs are enough to suspect a foreign body in the esophagus, even if you were not with the child at the time of the experiment with the find. You will have to see a doctor urgently for the "hindrance".

Much more difficult cases of ingress of foreign objects into the respiratory tract. Misfortune can occur even with eating, when the baby with a mouth full talking or crying, taking a breath, and a piece of food falls into the larynx. There is an attack of a strong cough, during which the child turns blue and stops breathing for a few seconds. Stopping breathing, in this situation, is a protective reaction of the body, so he tries to prevent the foreign object from getting into the respiratory tract( see the page devoted to foreign bodies).

If the foreign body has slipped through the larynx and got into the trachea or bronchi, the breathing is restored and, it would seem, everything is terrible behind. But this deceptive well-being. The bronchial mucosa reacts to a foreign object with swelling and inflammation. The child immediately or 1-2 days later will have difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and when the examination reveals purulent bronchitis or pneumonia. It is good, if the mother remembers a sudden coughing with short-term stopping of the breath, which will make it possible to suspect a foreign body of the respiratory tract, and an x-ray examination will confirm the assumption.

A small experimenter can put a seed or pea in the nose or ear. Do not attempt to remove them from there yourself. Without special tools, you risk pushing a foreign body into the depth of the organ. Address to the LOP-doctor, for him this procedure - business usual, and the personal collection of the extracted foreign objects will replenish one more copy.

Electrical wires and cords from household appliances are very attractive material for the growing teeth of a child. Hide them from the "rodent" behind skirting boards, cabinets and sofas. Electric sockets make unavailable or supply them with plugs. After use, unplug all electrical equipment from the outlet.

Even an ordinary plastic bag in the hands of a child can turn into an object dangerous to life. The kid can put it on his head and suffocate. A piece of cellophane, detached from the package and sent to the mouth, is able to get stuck in the throat and block air access, causing death from suffocation.

Do not place chairs near the windows, armchairs, tables, on which the child can climb onto the windowsill. Do not leave the windows open! How many small "parachutists" are picked up from the asphalt by the doctors of the "First Aid" every summer! For many, this flight becomes the last in life.

All cutting, stitching objects should be inaccessible to the baby, as well as the beating dishes.

Matches, lighters, gas burners attract the attention of any child. With what pleasure and pride the kid helps the daddy to light, flicking the lighter! Are you sure that he will not take advantage of the experience in your absence? Do not allow children to play with flammable objects.

Do not hang a nipple on the neck of a baby on a string or a chain - in a dream it can tighten it.

A special attraction for a child is the toilet, bathroom and pantry room. Still! After all, there is collected all the most interesting and, unfortunately, the most dangerous: chemical and technical fluids, washing and cleaning products, insecticides. Yes, it is not enough that necessary( and unnecessary!) Items are stored in the bins of the reserved hostess. These coveted facilities for children should be inaccessible to them, at least without an adult. And the drawers and doors of the lockers should be locked, so that the baby does not get to dangerous substances that even mother's makeup or father's perfume can become.

Pots and pans with boiling contents should be placed on distant burners, and their handles should be turned to the wall so that the child can not pull them off. Do not place on the table, covered with oilcloth or tablecloth, a teapot with hot water or a pot of soup. The kid can pull for the hanging edge and tilt the burning contents.

Do not allow a small researcher to twist the handle of the gas stove( better remove them for a while), open the burning oven, climb into the trash can.

Do not cook while holding the baby. Careless movement can lead to a burn, and boiling oil can splash on a delicate baby skin.

If the child washes in the bathtub, you can not leave it for a second. Enough water to the ankles to slip, drown. Do not leave soaked laundry in the tub. Suddenly the baby will want to wash in your absence.

It is unacceptable to remove the pelvis from the stove in which the laundry is boiling, leave it on the floor in the bathroom or in the kitchen. How many children received severe burns, after being imprudently brought to such "traps".And how many tears were shed by unhappy mothers, guilty in these tragedies!

Each house has stocks of detergents and disinfectants, aerosols and powders for insect control, household chemicals, which are a mortal danger for babies when ingested. And the medicines that have accumulated in the house since time immemorial, with a long-expired shelf life, with worn-out names, used are unknown from which diseases, but kept "just in case"!And now this incident has come, unfortunately, unhappy, when an inquisitive kid has reached this accumulation of dangerous unnecessary things and gets to know them.

Some families still have( and they are working!) Refrigerated 40 years ago with metal locks, which open only from the outside. A non-working refrigerator, which has become a storage for tools or fertilizers, can become an accidental killer. During the game of hide and seek, the child climbs into this secluded place and after a short time suffocates, unable to open the door from the inside.

The child tries all the objects "on the teeth", so he learns the world around him, and with this one must be considered in general and in particular, acquiring toys and baby care items.

What toys to give to children

Toys must have a certificate of quality, confirming that they are made of environmentally friendly materials, and the paints do not contain toxic substances, because from the very first minute the toy will be in your mouth. Are you sure that small parts will not fall off from a rattle or a typewriter, and sharp edges and corners will not cause abrasions and cuts? And a soft teddy bear does not open the eye-button and does not come off a black leather nose? Check the strength of the seams on bunnies and Cheburashki, do not get enough sleep from them to insure that the animals are full for volume. These small particles can get into the esophagus and into the respiratory tract of the baby, causing suffocation.

Generally soft toys are not recommended for children under 2 years old .The baby is sure to put a fluffy bunny in his mouth, oblyunyavit, can choke with hairs."Fuzzy" quickly get dirty, and after washing deform and lose an attractive look.

Pets

Another danger that awaits a child in their native walls is pets. Every year, only in Moscow from the bites of dogs and cats suffer about 10 thousand children. In vain, adults assure that aggression by the dog is the answer to the child's rough treatment of her. How could the Rottweiler offend a 3-month-old baby lying in a crib, from whom he had chewed a pen? At another babe, a pet's favorite bit off the auricle. These terrible examples should make you look differently at the four-legged member of the family. Before the appearance of the baby, he was a universal favorite. Now all the attention is shifted to the newborn, and the dog has receded into the background. So jealousy and the desire to get rid of an opponent leading to tragedy are born.

Do not leave a small child alone with a pet and carefully monitor its behavior. Noticing the slightest aggression directed at the baby, take immediate action.

For a walk

When choosing a wheelchair, pay attention to its stability and patency. Prefer a wheelchair with wide wheels. It is not advisable to use a second-hand stroller, as the operation during the year in the conditions of Russian off-road is very significant for its running gear. Do not hang heavy handbags on the handle of the wheelchair, so as not to turn it over.

Do not trust the stroller with the baby in it to the older five-six-year-old child.

After looking at the beautiful display case with the toys and sweets displayed on it, the young nanny can release the stroller from her hands on an independent journey to the roadway or downhill.

Do not leave the stroller in the entrance. Stray cats will be happy to settle in it for the night and give the baby microsporia and trichophytosis( lichen).If the tightness in the apartment forces you to leave the wheelchair outside the door, protect it from invasion by uninvited guests.

If your baby "walks" on the balcony, locate the stroller so that through the glass you can see the baby's face and hear his crying on waking. A grown-up kid, who knows how to sit down on his own, let alone get up, can not be left in a wheelchair unattended. One grandmother barely managed to grab one by her legs when he woke up and got up in the carriage and leaned over the balcony railing.

Every day, in any weather, a child should walk outdoors.

Having escaped from a cramped apartment in the open space, it gives free rein to its energy. Just keep track of him so that he does not run out onto the road, get into a dirty puddle, fall off the hill, pick up a cigarette butt or a syringe used by addicts.

What baby will refuse to experience the feeling of flying, swinging on a swing? He demands that his mother rock him more and more, "above the sky", to show how brave and fearless he is. Keen on the flight, he often forgets about the danger and lets go of the handle to scratch his nose or fix the handkerchief. And the joyful flight ends in a fall.

Often, the swing that continues to take its toll hits a kid trying to climb on the head, causing additional trauma.

Or the child runs up to the swing on which his friend-friend swings, and flies, thrown back by an unintentional blow to the legs of the latter. In such cases, most often a blow occurs over the face, on the lips, teeth often suffer.

Be careful when you are on the playground. A swing is not the only danger that lies in wait for a baby. Climbing the hill, children sometimes begin to figure out "who will first go" from her, pushing each other, and the weaker falls from a height.

Take care of the baby, when he scrambles onto a Swedish wall or crossbar - caution will not hurt. Take care not to untie your shoelaces, do not hang the long ends of the scarf, with which the child can catch and hang on the ladder or on the fence.

Do not allow the child to run up to rotating carousels. This is another source of increased danger for unwary babies.

Do not allow an older child to roll a baby in the back seat of a bicycle. The leg can get into the wheel between the spokes, and this threatens to get a lacerated wound or fracture.

In general, and on a walk for a child you need an eye and an eye.

A trip to the metro is an event for a small person. It is especially interesting to ride on the ladder-wonder. Do you remember the rules of behavior on the escalator?

Before entering the ladder, take the baby in your arms. Have an older child check if the shoelaces are tied on shoes, the scarf does not hang out, the mitt that hangs from the sleeve of the fur coat does not drag along the floor. These loose ends, falling into the gap between the moving ladder and the side panel, can lead to serious injuries. Hold the child by the hand and stand with both faces in the direction of movement. Before leaving the escalator, take the child in his arms.

From an early age, teach your child to observe the rules of the road, and most importantly, observe them yourself. Cross the street only to the green light of the traffic light, even if there is no transport near the intersection.

The child should see how serious you are about the behavior on the roads, and develop the same attitude.

To travel by car, purchase a special child seat with seat belts that secure the child in a comfortable position. Now you are not afraid of the "distant road", the child will feel comfortable and free. Yes, and my mother, who does not have to keep restless during the whole trip-over the jumper in his arms, will rest and relax.

Helping in emergencies

Justice of the wise sayings can confirm any trauma surgeon, since the number of accidents involving children is increasing in the evening, on weekends and holidays, when the whole family to gather.

It would seem, a paradox. The more adults are near the baby, the safer it should feel, but in life everything is exactly the opposite.

Mother and child spend the whole day together and get tired of each other. Therefore, when other family members come home from work in the evening, the kid reaches out to his father, to his grandmother, to his grandfather. Missed by the small, they are happy to deal with the child, and my mother weakens control, entrusting care of the baby to other family members. But, hoping for each other, adults unwittingly let loose of the sight, who is drawn to feats.

Mom sure that the child with his father reading the book, the Pope thinks that the baby looks cartoons with his grandmother, and he has escaped to freedom, audits in the closet, tasting the shoe polish, or climbing on the window sill, survey the neighborhood of the openwindow.

Can you provide first aid?

If misfortune does happen, do not lose self-control, do not panic. Do not show your child his nervousness and confusion. And the more so do not arrange at this point a family showdown, figuring out the eternal Russian question: who is to blame? This is your common misfortune, and it is necessary to overcome it together, supporting each other.

It is much more important to answer another no less urgent question: what to do? After all, the fate and life of the child often depends on the correct and timely actions of parents. Before the arrival of the ambulance brigade, at best, there will be at least 10 minutes, and in some circumstances, every minute is worth its weight in gold.

Every adult should have the skills of first aid and resuscitation to come to the rescue of a child in distress.

What is the "first aid" for

? Throughout the narrative, the words "Call an ambulance" sounded like a refrain. I will add from myself: but do not expect that she will arrive in a few minutes. And it is not that on "ER" work callous people, indifferent to the suffering of others, and that this unique, recognized worldwide service often misused.

More than a hundred years ago in our country was established emergency medical care, which has no analogues in the world and operates on the principle of "not a patient goes to the doctor, and the doctor is going to the patient."

Its main task - to provide a medical professional and specialized care to patients and survivors as soon as possible after the occurrence of a pathological condition at the scene, during transport and carrying the maximum possible amount of therapeutic measures aimed at restoring the functions of the vital organs and systems.

Foreign doctors call the domestic service of the "First Aid" "the subject of the national pride of the Russians" and envy our population, who has the opportunity at any time of the day and night to receive emergency medical care without leaving a warm bed and not bearing any material costs.

To our deep regret, at present this unique service, whose main purpose is the saving of human lives, is doomed to perform functions unusual for it and solve numerous social problems.

No country in the world will ever think of calling an ambulance to change a diaper to a paralyzed grandmother."And I can not do it alone," her daughter declares without a trace of embarrassment.

And in the next entrance a sick patient fell from the bed. And again they summoned the ambulance, and when they saw the women's brigade, they were indignant: "We asked to send men!"

A drunken neighbor who did not reach his floor collapsed on the stairs and obstructed the passage. Or the homeless man has chosen a place to sleep at your door."We need to call an ambulance," one of the members of the household says, "let them be taken to the hospital."

Who wants to mess with a dirty lousy homeless bum or with a drunken man lying in a puddle? Where to put the street children found in basements and attics? Do not strain the brain gyrus to answer these questions, when you always have an "Ambulance" handy. And what do the numerous officials of social services that are called to solve these problems do at this time?

Only a very rich and extravagant host will allow to direct specialized medical teams to search for and deliver homeless people to hospitals, and clinical hospitals to be used as a shelter for them. Responsibility for the fate of these unfortunate and destitute people should be borne by the state authorities, and not by public health institutions.

The use of "First Aid" as a free taxi deserves a special conversation."Take us to a consultation with the LOP doctor( oculist, dermatologist, allergist, etc.).I'll call the ambulance until then, until they get me where I want to go! "- says mother and calls the phone of the head doctor to immediately complain about the" bad "doctor who dared to object to her.

Have to take, where to go?

And in the reception department of the hospital again there is indignation: "How? Are you already leaving? And who will take us home? "

In the hot summer of 2010, individual individuals demanded from the ambulance teams immediate evacuation from smoky Moscow or an urgent hospitalization of a healthy child" to an air-conditioned hospital. "It would not be more logical to focus on the slogan "Salvation drowning - the handiwork of the drowning themselves", take their family to a safe area or put air conditioning in the apartment?

The child fell and broke his knee, and the house is not green, they call the ambulance. The district nurse did not come to do a shot of the vitamin, cause an ambulance. A patient with chronic gastritis calls an ambulance to find out whether he can take a tablet of analgin from a headache, whether it does not hurt the stomach. Mom does not know how to put an enema in a child, make a compress on the ear, remove a splinter - cause an ambulance, etc., etc. This list can be continued indefinitely. Therefore, round the clock, and especially in winter at peak times, which occurs every evening from 20 to 2 am, calls are given to the teams with a significant delay, and patients are forced to wait for medical care for hours.

The main advantages of the "First Aid", which we once were proud of - free and affordable - have now turned against our service. Yes, and that's true: what to respect her, this "ambulance," can you appreciate what is always at hand and not worth a penny?

Therefore, the ambulance brigades walk at night through dark, crooked entrances in search of the right apartment, and none of the relatives of the patient will take care of them."It's full of hooligans in our yard, it's scary to go out into the street," the young father replies to the rebuke of the brigade, who came to the baby and searched for the right entrance( numbers are not indicated) in the unlit yard. It never occurred to him that women, who mainly work on children's brigades, in a strange yard and a dark entrance are even more terrible.

On the request to prepare a clean towel can answer: wipe with what is hanging.

On the remark that the dog needs to be cleaned before the brigade arrives, an evil reaction and a promise to incite it to the doctors follows.

If there is a need to carry a patient into a stretcher, and relatives need help, anger often arises: where are your porters?

Opening the door to the brigade, they can orderly say: take off your shoes, or you'll dirty the floor. Only this order already testifies to the unreasonableness of the call. Tell me, will you worry about the cleanliness of the floor when the baby's life is in danger?

It does not fit in your head: how can you treat people hurrying to help you at any time of the day, with such disrespect and even disdain?

"Do not bite your hand," says popular wisdom, which is forgotten when it comes to "First Aid".

Doctors and paramedics working for the "First Aid" make up the gold fund of our medicine and deserve high respect, and sometimes admiration for the ability to provide the victim with the necessary help in a few short times in the most incredible conditions, often saving his life.

Try to get into the vein and adjust the dropper to the victim, who is in a twisted car or crushed by the debris of a collapsed building, carry out resuscitation in a speeded ambulance car, take delivery at a market counter and persuade a mentally ill patient to put aside the kitchen knife and "chat fora life".

Special pediatric teams have been set up to provide emergency assistance to children, who endure all the children's suffering and try to facilitate and eliminate them as much as possible.

All the calls for children arriving at the "03" flock to the children's console of the Moscow "Emergency and Emergency Medical Service Station".Hence the challenge is transferred to the nearest substation from the affected, and the children's brigade, consisting of a pediatrician and a paramedic, rushes to the rescue.

Almost every substation has one pediatric team, sometimes two, and they never remain without work. Moreover, almost half of calls to children are performed by physicians-therapists of line teams who do not have experience with sick children. The child is not an adult in miniature. Each age has its anatomical and physiological characteristics, which must be taken into account in the treatment, and even more so when providing emergency care.

Only the children's doctor is able to sort out the little ones who do not know how to speak, but report their ill health with a cry or listlessness and indifferent state.

An ambulance doctor, including a pediatrician, is limited in time and diagnostic capabilities, but a true professional is often helped by intuition, helping in a few minutes to diagnose and provide emergency assistance. According to Napoleon's definition, "intuition is a lightning-fast calculation."But such calculation is possible only when there is knowledge and experience multiplied by careful observation of a sick child, his behavior, the ability to identify the most inconspicuous symptoms and analyze them. That's why the special pediatric brigades of the "First Aid" were created, they saved many children's lives.

It's more unfortunate to realize that a significant part of the calls performed by the pediatric teams end only with giving advice, that is, the child did not need any emergency assistance or hospitalization. And this is good. But why was the ambulance necessary? And do not they pay too much for these councils who really need it?

Alas! Too many mothers reason like this: while you wait for a doctor from the polyclinic, but while you go to the pharmacy for medicines, and the ambulance arrives and immediately does everything.

Such parents create disturbing situations when a call with a terrible reason( "blue", "dies", "gasps", "poisoned") is received, and there is no children's brigade at the nearest or the nearest substations.

A child call can not wait, it is immediately transferred to any brigade, be it cardiological or traumatological.

And the "adult" doctors say: "It is better to go to a complicated heart attack than a child."And almost always they take the baby to the hospital, from where, after examining the pediatrician, he often returns home. The physician-therapist can be understood: having no experience working with children, it is better to be safe than to miss a serious illness.

But how to understand the parents who persistently do not want to call a pediatrician from the polyclinic, do not know the telephone of the children's emergency help of their district, but simply "wanted to consult whether to lead the child to the kindergarten if he vomited yesterday."

Every mother should know the phone where you can call the doctor at home, and the phone of the 24-hour medical aid department( OCCP) for the children of her district, so that you can go there at any time of the day or night, on weekdays and holidays, if necessary.

And leave the ambulance for those who really need it.

"Ambulance" does not prescribe treatment at home, does not inject antibiotics and vitamins, does not write out certificates and does not issue a certificate of incapacity for work. On the "First Aid" do not work otolaryngologists, oculists, surgeons, allergists and other "narrow" specialists.

To make it easier to understand who to call in each specific case, be guided by the slogan: "The ambulance" does not heal but rescues. "Then to the kid, who needs urgent medical help, real professionals will come, render him qualified help and if necessary hospitalize.

But even if your call is passed on to the pediatric team without delay, in many cases it does not arrive as fast as we would like. And there are objective reasons for this.

In recent years in Moscow, almost the main difficulty in the work of the "First Aid" has become traffic jams that occur at any time of the day and in any place, making it difficult to move both to the place of call and transportation of the patient to a hospital.

If among the readers there are motorists, answer, honestly, the question: "Do you always give way to a car with a red cross on the road?" I'm afraid that there will be few positive answers. Now imagine that this car is rushing to a call to your child.

Take a look at your house and the entrance through the eyes of an ambulance doctor: whether there is a number on the house, is there a numbering on the entrances, are the numbers of the apartments in them indicated? Quite often, coming out of the elevator, the doctors look at the door, unknown for what reason they have no identification marks. Which one do you want to call? In the daytime, this does not cause problems: you can turn to any, and the neighbors will indicate the desired. And how to be at night? Do you like it if a call awakens you late at night and someone's voice outside the door asks for your apartment number?

Many unlit entrances and dark staircases poison the lives of emergency workers. Try in the darkness to dial the code of the front door or find the right button in the elevator. In the course are lighters, pocket flashlights. It's good if there are numbers on them( on the buttons).And then our mischievous kids with perseverance, worthy of a better application, like to amuse themselves by erasing all the notations on the doorphones and the signposts of the floors in the elevators.

Did you know that not only can there be "two ninth wagons" described by a humorist on the train, but also the first two entrances in one house? And the arrival to the house located on one street, it is necessary to carry out absolutely with another? And on Krasniye Zory street, for example, immediately after house number 37 is house number 61?And where to find the right 55th? And on the other no less mysterious street house number 9 is located for some reason in the courtyard of the 17th. And in the area of ​​Kutuzovsky Prospekt there are also Kutuzovsky travel, and Kutuzovsky lane, and a little further Kutuzov Street?

Therefore, calling an ambulance, clearly and distinctly state your address, tell me how to get to the house and where the entrance to the entrance is located: from the street or from the yard.

And do not consider it as labor to meet a brigade on the street, because this is your child needs help.

Often doctors are reproached with callousness, callousness, they are used to, say, other people's pain. This is not true! To the pain and suffering of children, to the grief of a mother who has lost a child, one can not get used to. This is a kind of protective reaction, the so-called emotional immunity - and this is included in the category of professional qualities of the ambulance workers. In critical situations, there is no time to gasp and shed tears. It is necessary to immediately orient in the situation, "gather" to save the life of the patient. In some cases, sometimes it is necessary, and shout at relatives, by their behavior interfering with carrying out of emergency actions.

"Ambulance" - this is a special world, in which we constantly have to face negative, sometimes disgusting phenomena, the "underside" of life.

Mothers throw their children at train stations, in trains, throw newborns into the trash. A drunken father, who planned to take revenge on his ex-wife, kills two teenage sons with a kitchen knife. The killer, waiting for the businessman at the entrance, at the same time shoots at his pre-school daughter.

Sexual maniac rapes and kills children in elevators and attics. A twelve-year-old prostitute, who can not read, already has a bouquet of venereal and infectious diseases. All this is also the work of the children's brigade of the First Aid and not the children's problems of our time. Any representative of this difficult profession has the right to say: "In order to love humanity and hate it, we must work on" First Aid. "

Perhaps, after these emotional lines, you will take a different attitude to our "national pride" and treat your servants with great respect.

Responsibility for the health and well-being of children is primarily the responsibility of the parents. You simply have to do everything in your power to protect the baby from accidents and serious illnesses.

Yes, this work is not easy, but the reward will be communication with a strong and cheerful child who will enter adulthood with an assessment of "excellent" for health.

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Source of : "Pediatrics: A complete reference book for parents / L.Sh. Anikeeva ": Moscow: Publishing house" Exmo ".