Human papilloma virus( abbreviated abbreviation - HPV) is a microorganism having various types. According to statistics, almost 90% of the world's population are carriers of this virus. In the human body, viral particles can exist for months and years without causing any external symptoms.
However, when infected with certain types of papillomavirus on the human body can not only appear benign skin growths, as a result of the rapid growth of the reproduction of epithelial cells. Sometimes the infection of HPV leads to the development of cancer - tumorous neoplasms.
Therefore, to assume the possible behavior of infection in the body, you can only know exactly what type of papillomavirus is infected by a particular person.
Looking ahead, I will say that types of the papilloma virus - 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 59, 68 - have high oncogenic activity.
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Types of human papillomavirus
Studies conducted in recent decades have made it possible to establish that the papilloma virus is transmitted only from one person to another. An infection transporter or a patient with severe clinical signs of papillomatosis may be an infection transmitter.
Scientists have established a division of papillomavirus for more than one hundred types. Depending on the type of virus that has entered the body, all these or other external and internal changes will occur.
Certain types of HPV are not dangerous to health, and their external manifestations on the skin in the form of papillomas and warts are successfully eliminated by methods of aesthetic medicine. Other subspecies of HPV belong to the group with high oncogeneity and they can influence the formation of malignant neoplasms in the body.
Separation of the human papillomavirus by types allowed to work out the tactics of treating patients.
Photo of different types of papillomas
Keep in mind that infection with one type of papilloma is not a guarantee that there are no other subspecies in the body. A person can be simultaneously a carrier of several types of HPV, some of them may not represent any danger, others increase the likelihood of cancer.
I wonder how the virus is transmitted? The most basic way of transmission is sexual, although infection is possible by contact-household( through the towel), through microtrauma on the skin - the use of shaving blades, scissors.
The causative agent of papillomatosis can be transmitted to a child from a woman giving birth to it. Even self-infection is possible by transferring the virus from one part of the body to another.
The microorganism is microscopic, able to penetrate freely through the slightest cracks on the skin, scratches and scratches. According to the latest data, different types of the virus are infected every 9 people out of 10 on our planet. That is, only one in ten people may not have a virus in their body.
The virus does not always activate immediately, it can be in the body for a long time in a "dormant" state, from which a number of provoking factors produce it.
Oncogene classification: three groups of papillomavirus
An oncogenic classification is such a division of virus types that takes into account the probability of development of cancer tumors depending on the subspecies. In all practical medicine, all types of papillomavirus are divided into three groups.
- The first group of .This is a non-cancerous group, which includes HPV 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 .If one of these subspecies is exposed in the analyzes, then we can assume that the development of cancer from this microorganism does not threaten the infected person. But one should not forget that in the future, infection with other types is possible.
- The second group is .HPV 6, 11, 42, 43, 44 belong to the group with a low probability of developing cancer cells. Under the influence of some provoking factors, these types of pathogen of papillomatosis can lead to cell mutations, which in turn pushes them to develop a malignant tumor.
- The third group is .HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 59, 68 this group of viruses with high oncogenic activity. It is proved that if they are present in the body of a woman, the risk of a possible cancerous process in the cervix and mammary glands increases manyfold. It was found that in men oncogenic subtypes of HPV can cause bladder cancer.
Naturally, not always the presence of these stamps indicates that there will be a cancer. But with the slightest change in the state of health and when there are various sprouting on the mucous membranes and skin, a complete examination should be carried out in a short time.
16 and 18 type of virus: what is the danger?
If a person has two types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, the risk of developing oncogenic diseases increases manifold.
A study of women with cervical cancer has made it possible to establish that in more than 50% of cases the direct cause of cell mutation is a type 16 virus.
For a long time after infection, a woman may not assume that she is carrying a dangerous microorganism for her health. And only under the influence of some external and internal influences the virus activates and begins its work in cells, changing their DNA.
As a result, cells begin to intensively divide and on the skin, genitalia, mucous membranes of the mouth, the inner surface of the thighs, papillomas and genital warts are formed. The type 16 virus also affects the development of a woman in the body, such a precancerous condition as cervical dysplasia.
Genital warts, caused by the virus 16 and less than 18 types, grow very fast. Individual elements can merge with each other, and then a large, cauliflower-like growth occurs. The presence of such tumors in the vagina leads to their trauma and inflammation, which is manifested by the corresponding symptomatology.
Infection of men with 16 and 18 types of papillomavirus also does not pass without a trace. This microorganism may be inactive for a long time, but when it develops, men face infertility and impotence. Type 16 virus also leads to the formation on the skin of the genitals of bovine papulosis - spots, erythema, plaques.
Virus numbers 16 and 18 are capable of causing Bowen's disease in men, it is manifested by the formation of a red plaque on the skin of the penis, which eventually coarsens and becomes covered with scales. Bovenoid papulosis and Bowen's disease are considered precancerous changes on the skin.
Type 18 virus occurs less often than 16, but at the same time it develops much faster. Treatment consists in using methods to remove external manifestations of the virus - papillomas, condylomas and in systemic antiviral treatment. It is also necessary to increase immunity with immunomodulators and vitamin complexes.
After the course, it is necessary to re-take tests in order to make sure that the main goal of therapy is achieved, that is, transferring the virus into an inactive state. In the presence of the virus, the analysis must be repeated at all times, this will allow us to seize the relapse of the disease at the very beginning.
31 and 33 HPV type
These two types of the virus belong to the group with a high degree of oncogenic risk, most often lead to such diseases as bovenoid papulosis and intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix.
Bovenoid papulosis in most cases is detected in men, and the risk of developing this disease is increased with an excessive number of sexual partners. Sometimes self-healing is revealed.
Cervical neoplasia can be mild, moderate and severe. In the first case, all changes are detected only in the cytological examination of the smear. Expressed neoplasia is already considered an intraepithelial cancer. Neoplasia in women is often combined with the formation of genital warts, arising under the influence of the virus of types 6 and 11.
51, 52 and 56 HPV type
The strains of the virus with numbers 51, 52 and 56 also belong to the group with high on-care, they are transmitted through sexual contact. These types of virus mainly cause the formation of genital warts.
In women, type 52 and 56 viruses often lead to cervical dysplasia and to erosion. HPV type 52 leads to the formation of genital warts near the anus and inside the rectum. In the future, a change in the structure and division of cells in these areas can cause cancer.
Type 51 HPV is found in women with cervical carcinoma, vulvar cancer, in men with oncological diseases of the penis and anus.
What diagnostic methods are used?
There are several ways to detect the presence of the human papilloma virus in the body, the two methods are most widely used:
PCR analysis .This analysis allows to detect the presence or absence of a virus in the body, its type and the number of virus particles. For diagnostics, a smear taken from women with gynecological examination and blood is used.
The or Daydin test for the HPV DNA .To perform this test, scraping from the cervical canal is taken. The analysis determines the concentration of the virus in the tissues and typifies HPV, that is, it detects the strains.
If necessary, a biopsy of the material taken from the spiked papillomas is assigned. The data of all the examinations are evaluated by the oncologist, and only after that the decision is made to choose the most effective method of treatment.
Treatment of papillomavirus
First, the treatment of a detected HPV in the human body depends on how it manifests itself and to which group of viruses with oncogenic activity belongs.
In the presence of genital warts on the genital organs and papillomas on the body, one of the ways to remove them is selected. Cutting off of growths is carried out by usual surgical way, by means of the laser, an electric current, under the influence of a cold.
When detecting a high concentration in the tissues of oncogenic viruses, antiviral treatment is prescribed. Immunomodulatory therapy is necessarily chosen, since only strengthening the protective forces will avoid a repeated exacerbation and prevent the transformation of normal cells into atypical ones.
In the case of detection of precancerous diseases, a course of therapy corresponding to manifestations and changes is selected. Cervical cancer, combined with viruses of 16 and 18 types, is treated surgically, chemotherapy. Antiviral treatment is optional.
Prevention of HPV infection
See video on whether the papilloma virus can cause cancer and who should be vaccinated:
Preventing HPV infection is difficult, because some strains can be transmitted when visiting swimming pools, baths, beauty salons and even hospitals. But it is possible to minimize the risk of infection by types of HPV that are sexually transmitted.
The probability of their penetration into the body decreases, if you follow such conditions:
- Have a single sexual partner. Because often even a condom does not guarantee full protection against the virus. You need to be sure of the absence of HPV from your partner.
- After unprotected and protected sexual intercourse with unverified partner, it is necessary to carefully intimate hygiene and use aseptic drugs.
- To begin sexual activity not earlier than 18 years. Until that time, the girls are forming a protective layer of the vagina, and any infection during sexual intercourse quickly penetrates into the body.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
- Treat acute and exacerbating chronic diseases.
The methods of prevention include periodic visits to gynecologists by women and the urologist by men. Conducting surveys will allow time to capture changes that develop under the influence of HPV.
Source: edition of the publication of the site http: //gidmed.com/onkologiya/ lokalizatsiya-opuholej / kozhnyj-pokrov / tipy-virusa-papillomy-cheloveka.html