The heart is a vital organ, therefore any of its pathologies and deviations from normal functioning can provoke various diseases. To such pathological changes can be attributed aneurysm of the aorta of the heart, but what is it?
This disease has its own symptoms, as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment. How to determine the ailment in time and prevent serious consequences of its progression, we learn further.
Features and specificity of the disease
In medicine, this pathology is associated with unnatural aortic wall dilatation, which is provoked by weakening of its musculature. Usually, an aneurysm is noted in a certain area, not exceeding 3-5 cm. Because of this localization, patients can be observed tumoral formations on the heart surface of , which in fact are just an enlarged diametrically aorta.
An aneurysm is a dangerous disease, as increasing the aorta can provoke the squeezing of smaller vessels, which are key in the "nutrition" of the heart. This ailment can to increase the walls of the main vessel in 2, and even 3 times from the normal parameters of the .
If we consider the ailment from the position of localization, then cardiology claims the following statistics: on the abdominal part of the aorta account for 37% of all cases of the disease, the ascending aorta has a 23% likelihood of manifestation. The remaining 40% divert the aneurysm of the arch of the aorta and its descending section.
Causes of development of
Aneurysm develops against a background of dystrophic changes in the aorta, which can provoke the following diseases:
- extensive atherosclerosis of senile age;
- traumatism of the chest with infringement of the heart muscle( syndrome of prolonged squeezing);
- inflammatory processes of muscle fibers that are chronic;
- Marfan syndrome is a pathology of connective tissue, in which the fibers do not have properties for elasticity;
- fibrous dysplasia of the thorax;
- associated heart disease.
The of people after 50 years is considered to be the most at risk of getting this pathology, and in men the disease progresses more often and is more active than in women. This is primarily due to a sedentary lifestyle and the presence of bad habits.
Classification and stages
In medicine, it is common to divide the disease into several species, depending on the factors and the place of its manifestation. Depending on the appearance of the aneurysm is divided into:
- flat - is located almost on one level with the heart, leaving deep into the organ;
- mushroom-shaped - in the form of a fungus, whose "hat" fully describes the most dangerous area;
- bagged - aneurysm increased from one side, and on the other has a noticeable narrowing;
- exfoliating - at the site of the aortic dissection;
- diffuse - changes its size depending on blood pressure.
As for the course of the disease, it is necessary to distinguish three stages that have their own characteristics:
- The acute stage of is the most dangerous, as it occurs instantly against the background of heart attacks or extensive inflammatory processes. Just a couple of days, there may be a rupture of the walls of the aorta, which leads to a lethal outcome. Requires immediate operation, and also has a long rehabilitation period.
- Subacute stage - is a consequence of heart diseases and operations in this area, which are marked by the presence of scars. It can occur within 2-3 months, with a restrained course and less acute symptoms.
- Chronic stage - is marked by an even flow with a certain degree of thinning of the walls of the aorta, without sharp jumps and acute pain syndromes.
When diagnosing an aneurysm is very often confused with other heart diseases , so there is one more classification that makes diagnosis more reliable. The following types of aneurysms are distinguished:
- The true - the clinical picture completely coincides with more accurate studies.
- False - the clinical picture does not coincide with the indications of MRI or CT, detecting spikes and tumors that have nothing to do with pathology.
- Functional - is due to the presence of a minimum level of necrotic changes in the walls of the vessels, as a result of which the ability of natural reduction is lost partially or completely.
What is the danger and what are the complications?
The main task of doctors is not only timely diagnostics, but also full control of the disease course. The acute stage, marked by the presence of lightning flow, can provoke to rapidly increase and stretch the walls of the vessels , which can cause their rupture. This is the cause of extensive internal bleeding, which is extremely dangerous for human life.
Complications of the disease that result from a lack of timely treatment can become irreversible necrotic changes in neighboring vessels involved in cardiac viability. No less dangerous is the formation of thrombi, which are the frequent causes of extensive strokes, and even instant death.
How to recognize the disease?
The clinical picture of the disease is extremely confused and may be related to other diseases. In 90% of cases, the ailment does not make itself felt , appearing only in the pre-fracture stage. Painless and lack of a bright picture makes the diagnosis more complicated, but the timely passage of examinations and examinations will relieve unwanted "surprises".
Primary symptoms of
For the initial stage, there are no obvious signs, but sweating, the appearance of shortness of breath and dizziness can already indicate problems of the cardiovascular system and serve as a reason to call a doctor. For each person, the first signs can be completely different: from malaise to sharp compressive pain in the sternum .
Progression of
When the aneurysm acquires an extensive size, its symptoms can be as follows:
- pain behind the sternum;
- acute pain in the left scapula of the back;
- dizziness and loss of consciousness;
- violation of the breathing process with the attachment of shortness of breath;
- swelling of the face and extremities;
- beat down heart rate;
- sensation of chest severity.
Such clinic speaks about the progression of the disease and the need for an operative solution of the situation of .
Signs of rupture
When the disease has an acute stage and rapid progression, a rupture of the walls may occur, after which the blood will begin to pour into the body cavity. To reveal such an action it is possible on the following clinical picture:
- The patient starts to suffocate, skin integuments acquire cyanotic color.
- The pressure drops sharply and the heart rhythm is disturbed.
- Loss of consciousness and breathing difficulty.
How not to be late?
It is extremely difficult to detect an aneurysm of the aorta of the heart independently. Taking into account all the risk factors, especially in old age, it is very important for to undergo scheduled examinations, which will eliminate the main dangers and prevent aortic ruptures.
If you have pain in the heart, as well as in the thoracic spine, increase sweating and dizziness , you should always seek qualified help from doctors.
Do not neglect even the most pronounced symptomatology and engage in self-medication. Sometimes uncontrolled use of medication can aggravate the situation of and lead to unpredictable consequences.
cardiologists and cardiologists are engaged in the examination and treatment of aneurysm, which perform complete diagnostics and control the patient's condition.
See also the description of an aneurysm of the carotid artery - another dangerous and unpredictable disease of a similar etiology. For the reasons for the occurrence of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, find out here, and about its symptoms and treatment, a lot of useful information in this article.
No less dangerous is the aneurysm of the brain vessels - check if you are at risk?
Diagnostics
In order to accurately identify the disease, you can not do without complete diagnostics. It has two directions:
- Inspection and initial assessment of the general condition of the patient - the doctor conducts palpation of the chest, and also appoints a detailed blood test, where, in the presence of the disease, there will be a significant increase in the number of leukocytes.
- Hardware methods for diagnosing - the effectiveness lies in a more accurate analysis of the aortic state of the heart. To do this, use ECG, MRI and CT, based on the results of which you can put the most accurate diagnosis.
Treatment
The planned treatment of an ailment involves two methods: medication and operative. Let us consider in more detail each of them.
Medication therapy
Treatment involves taking medications that can affect the walls of blood vessels, increasing their elasticity. Most often, drugs are injected intramuscularly by deep injections. Anticoagulants and glycosides contribute to the normalization of microcirculation, strengthening the walls of the aorta, preventing the increase in aneurysm.
Operative treatment of
Indications for emergency operation can be the following indicators:
- a rapid increase in the area of the aneurysm, whose diameter exceeds 5 cm;
- aortic rupture and internal bleeding;
- traumatism, as a result of which the thorax squeezes the aneurysm, depriving the heart of normal blood supply.
Cardio surgery examines 3 variants of surgical treatment:
- Sewing - excision of weakened walls and stitching of the densest parts is performed.
- Resection of - the heart is disconnected from the natural food, transferring it to an artificial one, after which the aneurysm is completely removed. The healthy walls of the vessels are sewn together.
- Strengthening the walls of the - into the aortic cavity where there is an aneurysm, special solutions are introduced that contribute to a natural reduction in the diameter of the vessel.
Learn more about what an aortic heart aneurysm is from this video:
Forecasts and prevention measures
With timely diagnosis, there are high chances for recovery and recovery of normal life. Prevention of aortic heart aneurysm is in the following activities:
- proper nutrition, with a predominance of healthy natural foods and minimization of sweet and fatty foods;
- compliance with the regime of the day and physical exertion;
- quitting smoking and drinking alcohol;
- active rest with elements of sport;
- the passage of routine examinations, as well as timely access for help to the clinic.
Heart aortic aneurysm - is a dangerous ailment, the absence of treatment of which can lead to the death of .Therefore, you do not have to endure the pain and "jam" with its limitless amount of pain medication. Early diagnosis has excellent predictions for complete recovery, remember this every time you neglect a doctor's visit, choosing a tablet with dubious efficacy.
