Artificial insemination of an ovum in a woman: how it happens, video

Fertilization: what is it?

Fertilization - the first stage inozhdeniya new life. It begins with the encounter and connection of two - male and female sex cells: the sperm and the egg. When they merge, a zygote is formed - a cell that combines a complete set of forty-six( 46) chromosomes with genetic information from the parent cells.

At the stage of fertilization, the sex of the unborn child is already determined. He is chosen as a lottery, by accident. It is known that the ovum and spermatozoon contain 23 chromosomes, one of which is the sex chromosome. Moreover, the egg can contain only the X-sex chromosome, and the spermatozoon - both X and Y-sex chromosome( approximately 50%).If a spermatozoon with an X-sex chromosome joins the egg, the baby will be female, with the Y-chromosome male.

How does the process of natural fertilization of

occur? Approximately in the middle of the monthly cycle, the woman is ovulating - from the follicle located in the ovary, a mature egg that is capable of fertilization leaves the abdominal cavity. She immediately picked up the cilia-villi fallopian tubes, which are cutting, pushing the egg inside.

Since then, the woman's body is ready for fertilization, and for about a day a viable egg in the fallopian tubes will wait for a meeting with the sperm. To make it happen, he will have to make a long, thorny path. Having fallen during sexual intercourse with a portion of seminal fluid in the vagina, almost half a billion spermatozoa, wagging for acceleration by tails, rush upward.

Before meeting you need to travel about 20 centimeters, which will take several hours. On the way to the spermatozoa there are many obstacles, overcoming which, most of the tailed will die. The most hardy spermatozoa will reach the goal. For fertilization to take place, at least 10 million must penetrate into the uterus, which will help to pave each other's way.

Only a few thousand will reach the finish line, and only one of them will get inside. Not necessarily the strongest, rather lucky, which will be closest to the mink-entrance, above the digging of which all worked to break through the protective shell of the egg.

Once the spermatozoon is inside the egg, they merge, or fertilize. Now this is not sperm and egg separately, and a single cell is a zygote.

Soon it will begin its first division, forming two cells. Then they will be further divided into four, eight cells, etc. Gradually dividing cells will turn into an embryo, which fallopian tubes, cutting, will push towards the uterus. He needs to leave this place as soon as possible, because if he lingers, implantation will take place directly in the oviduct, which will lead to an ectopic pregnancy.

Approximately on the fifth or sixth day, the embryo achieves the goal: it enters the uterus, where a couple of days will be in free swimming, looking for a place where to attach. Implantation of the embryo occurs on the average on the seventh-tenth day after fertilization, sometimes a little earlier or later. Finding a convenient place, he will almost two days, like a borer, bite into a lush endometrium, to gain a foothold. Plunging into the depths, it touches the blood vessels located in the wall of the uterus, so small hemorrhages occur at the implantation site.

At this time, a woman may notice a minor spotting, which is called implantation bleeding and is referred to as early pregnancy symptoms. The implanted fetus begins to release into the mother's blood HCG - a pregnancy hormone, which is tested by pregnancy tests. Therefore, ten days after ovulation, you can try to soak the first test. In case of confirmation of pregnancy and its successful development, the embryo will continue its growth and formation, and in 9 months a new person will appear.

Artificial insemination: how the

occurs Artificial insemination helps couples conceive a long-awaited baby in the case of male or female infertility. Depending on the cause of infertility, this or that method of artificial insemination is prescribed. The pregnancies that result from any of them are absolutely natural and do not require further special observation. There are three main methods of artificial insemination:

1. AI ( artificial insemination);
2. IVF( in vitro fertilization, where free IVF is done);
3. ICSI ( intracytoplasmic sperm injection).

The simplest and most affordable - the first - artificial insemination .In this procedure, the male seminal fluid through the catheter is injected directly into the womb of the woman, then the spermatozoa move independently into the fallopian tubes to meet the egg, where fertilization takes place naturally.

Before the introduction, the sperm is specially prepared: cull weak spermatozoa, leave the most active and mobile, capable of fertilization.

Before AI , the couple undergoes a medical examination, passes tests for sexual infections, the man is given a spermogram( sperm analysis), the woman is checked for fallopian tubes to avoid ectopic pregnancy. Often, for a greater impact of the procedure, they also stimulate ovulation with medications.

Artificial insemination is prescribed with:

1. absence of ovulation;
2. vaginismus, when due to spasms and involuntary contractions of the pubic-coccygeal muscle in a woman, penetration of the penis is extremely difficult;
3. cervical factor infertility, when spermatozoa can not enter the uterus and die in the vagina;
4. sexual partner disorder and inability to conduct a full sexual intercourse;
5. poor semen analysis;
6. infertility in young couples.

AI is chosen as the first way to combat inexplicable infertility.

The effectiveness of this method is on average 20-25%.This percentage may be more or less, depending on the age of the pair, the quality of the sperm and other factors.

ECO - in vitro fertilization , the procedure is rather lengthy and time consuming. It is prescribed when all methods of treating infertility are tried, but no results. Initially, the couple undergoes a full medical examination and examination, tests urine, blood, sex infections, hormones, women are made ultrasound of the small pelvis, check the patency of the fallopian tubes, men make a spermogram.

Then proceed directly to the IVF procedure. It consists of several stages.

1. Initially, a woman is subjected to ovarian hyperstimulation, injecting into the body injections with certain hormones, in order to mature a few full-fledged eggs ready for fertilization.
2. These eggs are then removed: under general anesthesia punctures are made in the lower abdomen from the side of the ovary or under local anesthesia a needle is inserted through the vagina.

Before fertilization, the selected portion of male seed is prepared: the spermatozoa are separated from the seminal fluid, transferred to an incubator and placed in a nutrient medium.

Next, the most active and full spermatozoa( about 100 thousand) in a glass bowl are mixed with egg cells seized from a woman. In a day it will be possible to see if fertilization has occurred. If it has happened, the most viable zygotes are selected to grow embryos out of them. In another 24 hours you can determine whether the development of embryos. They are given another 2-3 days to grow and are transplanted with a thin catheter through the vagina into the uterus.

Usually, two or three embryos( sometimes more) are transferred, so that at least one of them will take root. The remaining quality fetuses are frozen and stored at -196 ° C. Later, if the couple wants to have children, they will not need to re-fertilize, it will be enough to use ready-made embryos. If the transplantation was successful, the embryos took root and were implanted into the uterus, then a normal pregnancy develops. If after 10-14 days menstruation starts, it means that the attempt was unsuccessful. The probability of pregnancy by the method of IVF - when two embryos are injected is 20%, three - 30%.

In those rare cases when 3 or more embryos take root during the IVF procedure, according to medical indications or the desire of a woman, they can reduce. Extra fetuses are removed, without creating a threat to the remaining. Depending on the chosen method of reduction, the procedure is carried out for a period of 5 to 10 weeks of pregnancy.

Just a few decades ago, conception in a test tube seemed fantastic, now it's a real reality.

ICSI - Intraplasmatic injection of the spermatozoon , is prescribed for the male factor of infertility, when for some reason the sperm can not penetrate into the ovum. Most often this happens because of the small number of mobile spermatozoa, the absence of the spermatozoa in the semen, teratospermia and other pathologies of the sperm.

With this procedure, the spermatozoon is inserted into the egg cell with the thinnest needle. The egg is preliminarily removed from the woman's ovary. All manipulations are carried out under a microscope. First, the egg is treated with a special solution to dissolve the outer shell, then the sperm is injected with a needle.

In the ICSI procedure, the couple undergoes the same preparation and examination as in IVF.The difference is that with IVF spermatozoa, they are with eggs in a special solution and independently penetrate inside, and with IKSI - one of the most healthy and viable spermatozoids is selected and placed inside the egg with a needle.

Sperm selection takes place under a very powerful microscope, with a four-hundred-fold increase. A variety of ICSI method is considered to be IMSI, when selection of sperm is performed under a more powerful microscope, with an increase of 6000 times. The probability of pregnancy with ICSI is about 30%.

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Success, health and good luck!

Source: video on the topic and the editorial from the website http://zhenskoe-mnenie.ru /themes/maternity/ fertilization-is-what-it-is-and-how-the-process-artificial-insemination /