From this article you will learn: what does high low pressure mean. Why does it increase, the characteristic symptoms, and what to do about it.
Arterial blood pressure( abbreviated blood pressure) is a criterion for the health of not only the cardiovascular system, but the entire body. This indicator consists of two digits. Let's take a closer look at what it is:
- The systolic index( its normal range from 100 to 140 mm Hg) reflects how much the blood vessels fill with blood as a result of cardiac contractions.
- The diastolic index( the range of normal figures from 60 to 90 mm Hg) reflects how quickly the blood leaves the vessels at the time of heart relaxation.
In everyday life, the systolic index is called the upper and diastolic lower pressure. Systole and diastole. Click on the photo to enlarge
High values of the lower pressure - this is a diastolic index above 90 mm Hg. Art. If this pressure is increased - the condition of blood vessels and blood circulation in the whole body worsens, the heart, kidneys, brain becomes affected, the risk of heart attack and stroke increases.
Treatment and the possibility of recovery with a persistent increase in the lower pressure depends on the causative disease manifested by this symptom - the causes and treatment strongly depend on each other. The problem can go away in a few days or you can accompany you all your life. In any case, lowering the lower( diastolic) hypertension is possible if you are engaged in treatment.
To deal with this problem can such specialists: a cardiologist, a therapist, and if necessary an endocrinologist and neuropathologist.
The cardiologist measures the patient's blood pressure Options for increasing the lower pressure
Variants, as the indices of lower blood pressure( diastolic hypertension or hypertension) increase:
By degree:
- mild - from 90 to 100 mmHg.p.
- average - from 100 to 110 mm Hg.p.
- heavy - more than 110 mm Hg. Art.
By interrelation with the top pressure:
- isolated increase only in the lower pressure( diastolic hypertension);
- combined increase in both upper and lower pressure( systolic-diastolic hypertension);
The mechanisms of AD regulation are arranged in such a way that the upper and lower indicators are interrelated. More important is the systolic index. That is why an isolated( separate) increase in the lower index without increasing the upper one occurs in rare cases( no more than 10%).For the same reason, less attention is paid to it, although it is necessary to evaluate and treat them simultaneously.
Causes of pathology
The causes of high low pressure can be related to the fact that:
- heart is in a state of constant tension and can not fully relax;
- vessels are full of blood, narrowed;
- the walls of the vessels lost their elasticity.
Any arterial hypertension is not a separate pathological condition, but only a manifestation of a number of diseases. Diastolic blood pressure is more stable and constant than the upper one. Therefore, expressed diastolic hypertension is a signal of serious disorders in the body. The most common causative pathologies are described in the table:
| Causes of increased lower pressure( only the lower one) | Causes of combined increase in upper and lower pressure |
|---|---|
| Common atherosclerosis of arterial vessels | Hypertensive disease |
| Hypothyroidism - decrease in thyroid hormone production | Increased adrenal function |
| Cardiac pathologies - cardiomyopathy, cardiosclerosis, heart failure, myocarditis - may increase the lower blood pressure | Excess thyroid hormonesElez |
| Renal failure | Renal Pathology - renal artery atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis |
| Stress and nervous system disorders( dystonia) | |
| tumors and pituitary disease |
Isolated diastolic hypertension is a rare occurrence.
Risk of diastolic hypertension
Elevated lower pressure indicates a constant blood pressure in the cardiac cavities and vascular space. Even at the moment of relaxation of the heart, the tension does not decrease. Increased risk of spontaneous rupture of the vascular wall, circulatory disorders in the heart and brain.
Symptoms and manifestations of
Diastolic hypertension does not have typical symptoms. In an isolated variant, the diastolic index does not significantly increase( no more than 100 mm Hg) and therefore does not disturb patients at all. This means that complaints and external signs can not be determined if you do not make blood pressure measurements.
Tonometer - a device for measuring blood pressure Therefore, you need to focus on the general symptoms of arterial hypertension:
- Headache - aching, pulsating, bursting, in the frontal or parietal-temporal areas.
- Pain in the region of the heart, accompanied by a strong palpitation, a frequent pulse, a sense of lack of air.
- Trembling, weakness.
- Dizziness.
General symptoms of arterial hypertension Next, let's talk about what to do about this problem.
Treatment: how to reduce pressure
If the lower blood pressure is slightly elevated in the patient - it can be reduced. Treatment can be short-term( days-weeks), and can continue throughout life.
Specific drugs that reduce diastolic pressure - does not exist. Common means are used against hypertension.
Which drugs are lowered by blood pressure:
- ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptors in pure form or in combination with diuretics: Lysinopril, Berlipril, Losartan, Valsacor, EAP N, Liprazide.
- Beta-blockers: Propranolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Nebivolol.
- Calcium channel blockers: Corinfar, Nifedipine, Amlodipine.
- Diuretics: Hypothiazide, Furosemide, Veroshpiron.
- Means that have an antispasmodic effect: Dibazol, Papaverin, No-shpa.
Drugs for lowering blood pressure What does the prediction of
depend on? How effective it will be to treat high low blood pressure can be with a small probability:
- If this is the first time or periodic diastolic hypertension in young people( under 40 years) in the absence of severe illnesses,taking medication( if necessary) and at the same time it does not lead to dangerous consequences.
- Constant hypertension in the lower index for more than 5-10 years in people older than 45-50 years in 80% leads to complications.
- If the increase in lower pressure is combined with systolic hypertension, the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and cerebral hemorrhages, aortic aneurysm stratification increases tens of times.
When measuring blood pressure, do not forget to register the lower( diastolic index).Do not forget to tell your doctor these numbers - that you have lower blood pressure - many things can depend on them!
