From this article you will learn: what food after the stroke has accelerated the recovery, which groups of food products are useful for patients who have suffered a violation of cerebral circulation. Tips for proper nutrition, with which you can reduce the risk of recurrent stroke.
Content of the article:
- Improving patient recovery after a stroke with food
- Useful foods for those who have suffered a stroke
- Ten nutrition strategies that reduce the risk of recurrence of a stroke
- Eating when swallowing and appetite is disturbed
People who have had a stroke have an increased riskpoor nutrition, in which their body does not receive enough nutrients with food and beverages. This can slow down their recovery. With cerebral stroke, poor nutrition can be caused by:
- Problems with swallowing( dysphagia).
- Problems with hand and hand movements( for example, it is difficult for a patient to use a knife and fork).
- Problems with memory and thinking( for example, patients may forget to eat).
- Impairment of appetite or lack of hunger.
Dysphagia - violations of the swallowing act Diet after a stroke has several purposes:
- Improve patient recovery after a stroke.
- Prevention of recurrent stroke.
- Ensuring the ingestion of nutrients in cases of disorders of swallowing and consciousness.
In combination with other lifestyle changes, the diet is a very important component of rehabilitation after a stroke and preventing the development of a repeated cerebral circulation disorder.
The issue of proper nutrition for patients after a stroke is dealt with by neurologists and nutritionists.
Improving patient recovery after a stroke with food
Many scientists reasonably believe that proper nutrition can increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation after a stroke. This opinion is based on the results of scientific studies demonstrating the presence of changes in the metabolism in the brain after acute ischemia and the effectiveness of special nutrition in reducing the disturbances of its functioning.
Patients during rehabilitation need a diet that provides adequate intake of essential nutrients and allows to avoid the predominance of catabolic processes( that is, processes in which the body's own reserves are used as a source of energy).Such requirements are met by a full and balanced diet based on vegetables, fruits and whole grains.
Useful products for those who have suffered a stroke
The patient menu after a stroke must include the following product groups:
- Cereals, of which at least half must be whole grains.
- Vegetables. It is better to choose rich in nutrients dark green and orange vegetables, you need to regularly eat legumes and peas.
- Fruits. You need to eat a variety of fresh, frozen or dried fruits every day.
- Milk products. You should choose low-fat milk products or non-dairy products, rich in calcium.
- Protein. You can eat lean or lean meat, a bird. Do not forget about the various beans, nuts and fish, which also serve as excellent sources of protein.
- Fats. Most of the fats must come from fish, nuts and vegetable oils. It is necessary to limit the use of oil, margarine and fat.
The main sources of fat in the diet for strokes Ten nutrition strategies that reduce the risk of recurrence of a stroke
1. Every day use different products of
No product is able to provide the body itself with all the necessary nutrients, so you need to eat a variety of foods every day.
2. Eat bright color products
In order for nutrients to enter the body, it is important to consume a variety of foods with a bright color during each meal. You can provide the body with a wide range of nutrients, choosing bright yellow, dark red, orange, dark green, blue and purple fruits, vegetables and beans.
3. Eat 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables every day
Studies have shown that it is best to take advantage of a healthy diet to increase the amount of fruits and vegetables in your menu. Therefore, eat at least 5 servings of these foods every day.
4. Read labels on food products
Labels on products allow you to learn more about the food that you buy and eat. When choosing products, read the information on the label on calories, the total amount of fats, the content of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium and fiber.
5. Limit the use of cholesterol, saturated and trans fats
Cholesterol is a fatty substance produced in the human body and necessary for maintaining the health of cells. However, its increase in blood may increase the risk of stroke and heart disease. This increase can be a consequence of two components - the amount of cholesterol produced in the body and the amount of its intake with food.
A diet rich in saturated fats causes increased cholesterol in the blood and increases the risk of cardiovascular problems. They are found in products of animal origin and some vegetable oils( palm, coconut).Restriction of the use of these products is very important for the prevention of stroke.
Foods rich in cholesterol To limit the intake of saturated fats, make the substitutions listed in the table below:
| Product with saturated fats | Alternative |
|---|---|
| Oil | Fat-free or dietary margarine |
| Conventional cheese | Low-fat or low-fat cheese |
| Whole or fatty milk | Low-fat or 1% milk |
| Conventional ice cream | Low-fat or fat-free yogurt |
| Fatty curd | Low fat or 1% curd |
| Mayonnaise | Low-fat or leantasting mayonnaise |
| Fatty meat for chops | Lean tenderloin |
| Chicken meat with skin | Chicken meat without skin |
| Eggs | Egg whites |
A diet rich in trans fats also leads to increased cholesterol in the blood and increased cardiovascular risk. They are formed when unsaturated vegetable oils are converted into more saturated forms by the hydrogenation process. From products containing hydrogenated vegetable oils, should be discarded.
Trans fats are found in:
- products, which contain partially hydrogenated oils( biscuits, crackers, fried snacks and baked goods);
- solid margarine;
- most fried foods;
- fast food and semi-manufactured products.
Stroke in a stroke should contain a limited amount of cholesterol, which is another important step in preventing recurrence of cerebral circulation. This can be achieved by:
- Removing fat from meat and removing the skin from the poultry.
- Restrictions on the frequency of consumption of meat, poultry and other products of animal origin.
- Reduction of meat portions up to 100 g.
- Restrictions on oil and fat intake.
- Use of low-fat or low-fat dairy products.
6. Limit the amount of sodium in your diet
Many people consume more sodium than necessary. This can cause fluid retention in the body and increase blood pressure. One way to reduce the sodium content in the diet is not to add salt to the food on the table. But this may not be enough.
You can also reduce sodium intake by the following methods:
- Replace salt with herbs and spices. Salt is one of the main sources of sodium in the diet. Instead, you can use herbs and spices. Discard the mixed seasonings, which may include salt.
- Use less processed and canned foods that can contain sodium for flavoring and flavoring, and for preserving them.
- Choose fresh products that do not contain salt.
- When buying food, check the label for how much salt or sodium they contain.
- Get acquainted with the composition of medicines. Sodium can be a part of many of them.
Most doctors advise patients with a history of stroke in the early days already limit the intake of sodium 2000 mg per day. However, people with high blood pressure are advised not to consume more than 1500 mg daily.
7. Eat foods high in dietary fiber
Food fiber( fiber) is part of a healthy diet that can reduce cholesterol in the blood and reduce cardiovascular risk. This part of plant food is not absorbed in the body. Fiber, passing through the digestive tract, affects the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. The amount of its use affects not only the level of cholesterol and cardiovascular risk, but also has other useful properties: it helps to control blood glucose level, promotes regular stools, prevents diseases of the digestive tract and helps to normalize weight.
To increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet:
- Start your day with whole grains cereal or whole-grain toast.
- Eat a whole fruit instead of fruit juice.
- Add 1/2 cup chickpeas to the salad of dark leafy vegetables.
- Instead of white flour baked goods, buy whole grains.
- Buy macaroni from whole grains and brown rice.
- Add fresh fruit or nuts to yogurt or cottage cheese.
- For a snack, use fruits or vegetables.
A sufficient dietary fiber content in the diet also prevents fluctuations in blood glucose levels throughout the day. This will help you also feel full and can prevent the sudden appearance of a desire to eat something sweet - thereby improving weight control.
Wholegrain cereals 8. Achieve and maintain a normal weight of
Another important strategy to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke is weight normalization. Control the size of your portions, eat foods that contain a lot of dietary fiber and little fat, increase the level of physical activity - all these measures will help you achieve a normal weight if you have extra pounds. Remember that weight loss does not occur at lightning speed, so from the outset, set realistic short-term and long-term goals.
9. Reduce the use of simple carbohydrates
Excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates can cause hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and lipid metabolism. All these factors increase the risk of recurrent stroke.
Simple carbohydrates are found in sugar, honey, jelly, jam, sweet drinks and confectionery.
10. Consume enough potassium
Adequate intake of potassium from food is necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the heart. Most adults do not get enough potassium, which is rich in fruits, vegetables and dairy products. If you consume enough of the products from these groups, your body will get a potassium intake.
Nutrition in case of swallowing and appetite disturbance
If you have problems with swallowing after a stroke, pay attention to the following tips:
- Eat when you are not tired and feel good. If eating large portions tires you, small and frequent meals can help.
- During the meal, sit as straight as possible, level the head.
- Do not get distracted while eating( for example, do not watch TV, do not talk).
- Allocate enough time to eat, do not rush.
- If you take food by weakness in the hand or brush, you can buy special cutlery with thicker knobs that are easier to hold.
- Use softer products that are easy to chew - for example, yogurts, bananas, whole grains cereals and unsalted soups.
- Cut the food into small pieces to make it easier to chew.
- Bite off small pieces and take small sips. Swallow food or drink before taking the next bite or sip.
- After meals, sit upright for at least 30 minutes.
To improve appetite:
- Choose healthy foods with a strong flavor - for example, fried fish and citrus fruits. A flavor of food can add spices, which are a good substitute for salt.
- Choose products that have a bright color and an attractive appearance: for example, salmon, carrots, dark green vegetables.
Bright foods enhance the appetite of Especially these tips are useful in the first days after a stroke, when it is difficult for a person to cope with negative emotions. At this time, swallowing and movement in the extremities can also be severely impaired. In most patients, as a result of treatment and rehabilitation, these functions are improved or completely restored, they improve appetite and mood, and the menu is gradually expanding. The rules of healthy eating should be observed until the end of life.
In severe cases of impaired swallowing and consciousness, a person who has undergone a stroke can not eat food on their own. To provide the body with the necessary nutrition for cerebral stroke, a thin probe is inserted through the nose into the stomach through which a shredded food and water is introduced into the digestive tract. Sometimes, for the same purposes, patients who have swallowing disorders do not disappear after treatment and rehabilitation, impose a gastrostomy - that is, create a channel in the anterior abdominal wall - leading directly into the stomach. In such cases, before discharge, the medical personnel train people who care for the patient, how to take food after a stroke at home through a probe or gastrostomy.
