From this article you will learn: what pressure is normal at different ages. When the deviation from the norm is considered pathology, and when - no.
Normal blood pressure( abbreviated BP) is an indicator of good health. This criterion allows you to assess, first of all, the quality of the functioning of the heart muscle and blood vessels. It is also possible to estimate the general state of human health by arterial pressure, since blood pressure can be increased or decreased due to various illnesses and, conversely, increased( lowered) blood pressure provokes various diseases.
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of a mercury column. The result of its measurement is recorded as two digits through a slash( for example, 100/60).The first number - blood pressure during systole - the moment of contraction of the heart muscle. The second number is the blood pressure during diastole - at a time when the heart is as relaxed as possible. The difference between BP at the moment of systole and the moment of diastole is the pulse pressure - in norm it should be 35 mm Hg. Art.(plus or minus 5 mm Hg)
The ideal figure is 110/70 mm Hg. Art. However, at different ages it may differ, which does not always indicate any diseases. So, in infancy, a normal low blood pressure is considered normal, which in adults speaks of pathologies. More details you will learn from the tables that will be given below.
Normal pulse( heart rate or heart rate) - from 60 to 90 beats per minute. Pressure and pulse are interrelated: it often happens that if the pulse is increased, then the blood pressure also rises, and with a rare pulse, it goes down. In some diseases, it also happens on the contrary: the pulse rises and the pressure goes down.
Rates of blood pressure and heart rate in children
Pressure
At this age, it may be different: in infants it is lower than in preschool and school-age children.
Table number 1 - normal blood pressure in children.
| Age | Minimum normal blood pressure index( mmHg) | Maximum normal BP reading( in mmHg) |
|---|---|---|
| 0-14 days | 60/40 | 96/50 |
| 14-28 days | 80/40 | 112/74 |
| 2-12 months | 90/50 | 112/74 |
| 13-36 months | 100/60 | 112/74 |
| 3-5 years | 100/60 | 116/76 |
| 6-9 years | 100/ 60 | 122/78 |
As you can see, the indicator of normal blood pressure increases as the child grows up. This is due to the fact that the vessels develop, and together with this their tone rises.
Click on the picture to enlarge Slightly lowered blood pressure in children may indicate a delayed development of the cardiovascular system. Most often it goes with age, so you should not do anything right away. It is enough to undergo a preventive checkup once a year from a cardiologist and a pediatrician. If other pathologies are not detected, it is not necessary to treat a slightly lowered blood pressure. It will be enough to make the child's lifestyle more active and revise the diet in such a way that the consumed foods have more vitamins, especially group B, which are necessary for the development of the heart and blood vessels.
Elevated blood pressure in childhood also does not always indicate a disease. Sometimes it arises from excessive physical exertion, for example, if the child is seriously engaged in sports. In this case, too, no special treatment is required. It is necessary to undergo regular preventive medical examination and, if the blood pressure becomes even higher, reduce the level of physical activity.
Pulse
Pulse with age becomes less frequent. This is due to the fact that with a low tonus of blood vessels( in young children), the heart should contract faster to provide all tissues and organs with the substances they need.
Table number 2 - the pulse rate in children.
| Age | Minimum normal pulse | Maximum normal pulse |
|---|---|---|
| 0-12 weeks | 100 | 150 |
| 3 months - half year | 90 | 120 |
| Half a year - year | 80 | 120 |
| 1-10 years | 70 | 120 |
- A rapid pulse may indicate a violation of the thyroid gland. With hyperthyroidism, heart rate increases, with hypothyroidism - on the contrary, decreases.
- If the pulse is more frequent than it should be, this may indicate a lack of magnesium and calcium in the body.
- A rare heartbeat occurs with an excess of magnesium and cardiovascular disease.
- Also, the heart rate may become more frequent or become less frequent than an overdose of medicines( never leave them in places accessible to children).
- heart rate can be no longer just due to the disease, but also for normal physiological reasons: after physical exertion, when the emotional state changes both in the negative and in the positive direction. This applies not only to children, but also to adults.
- But less often than it should, the pulse can be during sleep and when falling asleep. If the pulse does not slow down during sleep, it's an excuse to be alerted and undergo a checkup with a cardiologist and endocrinologist.
Norms of pressure and heart rate in adolescents
Table number 3 - normal blood pressure in adolescents.
| Age of the | Minimum normal( in mm Hg) | Maximum normal( in mm Hg) |
|---|---|---|
| 10-12 years | 110/70 | 126/82 |
| 13-15 years | 110/70 | 136/86 |
| 15-17 years | 110/70 | 130/90 |
At this age, the pressure standards are practically the same as the norm of adults. However, adolescents often have abnormalities - this is due to the peculiarities of the hormonal background during puberty. If your child has high or low blood pressure, the doctor will first prescribe a more detailed examination of the heart and thyroid. If pathologies are not detected, no treatment is required - with age, BP normalizes by itself.
Table # 4 - normal pulse in adolescents
| Age | Minimum normal heart rate | Maximum normal heart rate |
|---|---|---|
| 10-12 years | 70 | 130 |
| 13-17 years | 60 | 110 |
Slight heart rate increase in adolescence may be the norm option, since the heart is still adapting to the rapidly growing anddeveloping organism.
A rare pulse can be in young athletes, as their heart begins to work in an economical mode. The same phenomenon is observed in adults who lead an active lifestyle.
In adolescents who regularly exercise, the pulse may be rare . The norm of AD and heart rate in adults
. Table 5 - normal blood pressure in adults.
| Age of the | Standard for men( mm Hg) | Standard for women( mm Hg) |
|---|---|---|
| 18-29 years | 126/79 | 120/75 |
| 30-39 years | 129/81 | 127/ 80 |
| 40-49 years | 135/83 | 137/84 |
| 50-59 years | 142/85 | 144/85 |
| 60-69 years | 145/82 | 159/85 |
| 70-79 years | 147/82 | 157/83 |
| 80 years and older | 145/78 | 150/79 |
Over time, the systolic pressure gradually increases, which is associated with age-related changes in the body. Diastolic increases in the first half of life. Closer to old age, it begins to decline( this is due to the loss of vessels of strength and elasticity).
Deviation from the data shown in the table by 10 mm Hg. Art.in large or in the smaller side is not considered pathology.
Often deviates from the norm of BP in athletes. Unlike children, in adults with stable high physical loads the body adapts and the blood pressure becomes lower than normal. It can increase with a single heavy load, but in this case it quickly returns to normal.
The pulse of the
heart rate in adults should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute. The increase or decrease in heart rate indicates cardiovascular or endocrine diseases.
Special attention should be given to the pulse in the elderly. Periodically to measure the heart rate is not difficult, and the benefits of such a procedure can be huge, since changes in the pulse - the first sign of heart disorders.
When does the pressure deviation from the norm indicate a disease?
What normal pressure in a person at different ages - you already know. What can the deviation from the norm say?
The pathology is indicated by the deviation from the norm by more than 15 mm Hg. Art.in the greater or lesser side.
| Elevated pressure | Possible pathologies: circulatory disorders of the brain, aortic aneurysm, left ventricular failure, ischemic heart disease, vasospasms, neuroses. |
|---|---|
| Lowered | Possible pathologies: cervical osteochondrosis, stomach or duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, hepatitis of various types, anemia, cystitis, rheumatism, tuberculosis, arrhythmias, heart failure, hypothyroidism( insufficient production of thyroid hormones). |
Increased pulse pressure( the difference between systolic and diastolic) may indicate hyperthyroidism( increased production of thyroid hormones).
