From this article you will learn: what includes the prevention of hypertension, how effective it is. The most effective measures: rational nutrition, elimination of risk factors and hypodynamia, antistress program, daily regimen.
- Rational Nutrition
- Rational Nutrition
- Rational Nutrition
- Physiotherapy
- Anti-stress program
- Day regimen
- Prognosis for prevention of
Prevention of the prevention of hypertension is a complex of measures that:
- prevent the development of hypertensive disease( GB) in people at risk( withobesity, diabetes, heavy smokers);
- at the initial stages of hypertension( borderline and 1st degree) suspend its steady fastening, progress to other, more severe degrees;
- for patients with moderate and severe hypertension, preventive measures are needed to prevent complications in the form of hypertensive crises, transient ischemic attacks, damage to internal organs( vascular system of the kidneys, retina, heart muscle and brain).
Since the prevention of vascular hypertension is mainly aimed at eliminating the multiple risk factors( smoking, hypodynamia, obesity) that contribute to the development of the disease, it is relevant for everyone who wants to lead a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, with age( another risk factor), the probability of developing a pathology increases in any person.
Prevention of vascular hypertension is an 80% effective combination of measures( especially for people with borderline and initial hypertension), but a noticeable effect requires time( a positive result is fixed for 4-5 years) and systematic compliance with the rules.
The most effective measures for the prevention of hypertension:
- Rational nutrition, diet( low-carbohydrate, low-cholesterol, with a limited intake of salt, rich in potassium).
- Rid of risk factors such as overweight in obesity, addiction to nicotine and alcohol.
- Elimination of hypodynamia( various options for feasible physical exertion).
- Anti-stress program( physiotherapy, relaxation, soft sedatives).
- Sleep and wakefulness mode( 8-hour sleep and ordered daily routine).
Even with regular observance of all preventive measures, it is necessary to monitor and monitor the pressure once a year in order to detect and eliminate diseases that can provoke hypertension in time.
Get advice on the prevention of hypertension can be a doctor-therapist.
1. Rational nutrition
Diet is an obligatory part and one of the most effective measures for the prevention of hypertension. The main risk factors for the development of the disease:
- individual reaction to sodium concentration( salt sensitivity) and excess salt in the diet;
- hypercholesterolemia( excess amount of fatty acids, cholesterol);
- diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance.
Salt-free diet
More than 50% of beginning "hypertensive people" are people who are sensitive to salt and whose body reacts with spasm of blood vessels and a slight increase in blood pressure to excess sodium ions. The habit of consuming salt can over time cause thickening of the vascular walls( as a response to a regular increase in pressure) and fixes hypertension.
Foods that need to be reduced to a minimum:
- Salted, dried, smoked protein products( fish, meat, fat, sausages, hams).
- Varied pickles in salted-acetic brines( except for pickled vegetables).
- Fish and meat canned food and preserves. Salted hard cheese varieties.
- Fast food( salted nuts, crisps, chips, fish).
- Any flavoring seasonings with the addition of salt.
The daily salt norm for the prevention of hypertension should not exceed 6 grams.
There are not salted foods that are unusual, to improve its taste, you can enter more spices, herbs and vegetables in the diet:
- Black and sweet pepper.
- Coriander, turmeric, ginger, cumin, basil, fenugreek.
- Crisp cranberry, orange and lemon juices.
- Radish, horseradish, garlic, onion, radish.
- Leaf chicory salads( endive), rukola, parsley, dill, fennel, etc.
Low-Cholesterol Diet
Why is the prevention of hypertension with a low-cholesterol diet? An extremely significant risk factor for the onset of the disease is hypercholesterolemia( abnormalities in the balance of cholesterol).Against the background of metabolic disturbances, the vascular walls become inelastic, their permeability increases for thrombus-forming proteins and lipids capable of forming cholesterol plaques. As a result, the lumen of blood vessels is reduced, provoking a gradual increase in blood pressure and the development of hypertension.
| Foods that need to be reduced to a minimum | Useful foods for the prevention of hypertension |
|---|---|
| Animal fats( fat, sour cream, cream, milk, butter) | Low-fat meat( chicken, turkey, rabbit) |
| Liver | Seafood and sea fish |
| Fatmeat | Vegetables and fruit |
| Fried food | Green tea |
| Combined fats( margarine, oil spreads) | Sour-fat skimmed products, including cottage cheese and young cheese |
| Meat products, sausages | Cr |
| Hard cheese varieties | Nuts( almonds, peanuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, pistachios) |
| Fish eggs, canned cod liver | Vegetable oil( linseed, peanut, olive) |
| Hepatic and meat pies | Dark chocolate |
| Liver |
Amount of animalsfats in the daily diet should be calculated, based on the norm of 1 gram per kilogram of weight.
In order to correct lipid metabolism, a doctor can prescribe statins. Simvastatin is one of the main representatives of this group of drugs Low-carbohydrate diet
The increased level of plasma glucose( diabetes mellitus) negatively affects the elasticity of the vascular walls, the quality of blood( increases the viscosity), provokes the development of metabolic disorders( hypercholesterolemia), against its background the vascular walls rapidly deformand thicken, leading to the emergence of stable hypertension.
| Foods that should be reduced to a minimum | Useful products for the prevention of hypertension |
|---|---|
| Candies | Apples, grapefruits, any vegetables |
| Sugar, honey, maple syrup, caramel, pastry pastes | Low-fat meat( chicken, turkey, rabbit) |
| Confectionery,muffins and white bread | Fish and seafood |
| Fast food | Vegetable protein( beans, beans, soybeans, peas) |
| Carbonated sweet water, canned juices and nectars | Low-fat dairy products, young withr, cottage cheese |
| Potatoes, grapes, bananas, sugar beets | Eggs |
| Alcohol | Whole grain or bran bread |
| Porridge( except for pearl and wheat) |
Low carbohydrate diet is suitable not only for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, it can gradually reduce weight for obesityrisk factor for the development of hypertension).
Low-carbohydrate products Sufficient amount of potassium
An important part of proper nutrition for the prevention of vascular hypertension is a sufficient amount of potassium, which positively affects the contractility of myocardial cells( cardiac muscle) and restores the elasticity of the inner layer of the vessels( endothelium).
Products with high potassium content:
- dried apricots, raisins, prunes;
- cocoa and products containing natural cocoa powder;
- legumes( peas, lentils, chickpeas, mung beans, beans, beans, soybeans);
- seeds and nuts( almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds, pine nuts, cashews, walnuts);
- greens of parsley, kinza, sorrel, spinach, basil;
- oranges or freshly squeezed orange juice with pulp;
- avocado, eggplant, fig.
Products rich in potassium 2. Disposable risk factors
One of the most important items for the prevention of hypertension is getting rid of bad habits, especially smoking and alcoholism:
- Nicotine in cigarettes provokes a spasm of small vessels, breaks the elasticity and permeability of the walls, stimulates the development of metabolicdisorders( hypercholesterolemia, anemia), affects blood quality( increases viscosity), promoting thrombosis. Because of the combination of negative properties in smokers, hypertension develops earlier and more rapidly than non-smokers.
- Ethanol in the composition of alcohol causes relaxation, and then vasospasm. Regular use of alcohol contributes to metabolic disorders( development of diabetes mellitus), toxic damage to the liver, kidneys, vascular system, the emergence of hypertension.
- Fighting obesity is an important part of preventing hypertension. Excess weight is the cause of numerous metabolic( metabolic) disorders( impaired glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia), which contribute to the development of hypertension( the probability of the disease in people with excess weight is 50% higher).
When obese is not recommended to lose weight sharply or sit on a starvation diet. Optimal option - low-carbohydrate nutrition with high content of low-fat animal protein, calorie counting, cooking dishes for a couple, fractional, frequent meals in small portions. Such a complex will allow you to lose weight slowly and without additional stress for the body.
Body mass index table: vertical growth, horizontal weight and body mass index( BMI).Click on the picture to enlarge 3. Preventative exercise therapy
Hypodinamy slows down the metabolism and promotes the appearance of various metabolic, congestive disorders, against which hypertension is more likely to develop.
Hypertension preventive maintenance by physical complexes:
- medical gymnastics on specially developed techniques;
- any water procedures, swimming, water aerobics;
- yoga, breathing exercises, fitness, pilates;
- walking and cycling, Scandinavian walking.
Contraindicated hours of training, strength training and professional sports. Serious loads increase blood pressure in the vascular system, which in time can affect the elasticity of the vascular walls, strengthen the spasm and provoke the development of hypertension.
4. Anti-stress prophylaxis
Nervous tension in 80% of cases contributes to the development of the initial stages of hypertension, its consolidation and progress to more severe variants of the disease.
As prevention of stress, as a provoking and fixing factor of hypertension, it is recommended:
- sanatorium rest;
- sessions of psychotherapy, auto-training;
- physiotherapy( coniferous, radon baths, acupuncture, reflexology, massage, etc.);
- soft sedatives( means based on the root of valerian, motherwort, lemon balm, peony).
Spa treatment, physiotherapeutic procedures, sedatives and other methods of prevention of nervous stress are selected according to the recommendations of a physician-therapist.
Motherwort can be used as an easy sedative in the form of tincture or decoction of grass 5. Day regimen
For the prevention of hypertension, an orderly day regimen is required:
- Sleep and morning ascent at the same time.
- A full 8-hour night rest.
- Nutrition regimen( 4-5 servings of food at approximately equal intervals).
Night wakefulness and snacks are completely excluded.
Prognosis for the prevention of
Approximately 25% of the world's population, the initial stages of hypertension are completely asymptomatic and manifest themselves later, when accompanying diseases of the cardiovascular system and target organs develop, so the prevention of GB( hypertension) is recommended even for people who believeyourself absolutely healthy.
Single risk factors and their combination increase the likelihood of hypertension, and with it - deadly complications( cardiac muscle infarction with fatal outcome).With simultaneous combination of 3 or more factors( smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia), the probability of cardiac arrest increases by 50%.
With a regular and systematic approach, preventive measures in 80% can reduce the likelihood of hypertension, prevent its progress in the early stages and the development of fatal complications in later stages. The positive effect of complex prevention of hypertension is fixed for 4-5 years.