Dislocation of the shoulder joint: symptoms, treatment, rehabilitation

How to treat a dislocation of the shoulder joint at home?

A dislocation of the shoulder is a pathology, in which the contact surfaces of the bone of the shoulder and shoulder blade are lost.

This condition can be accompanied by rupture of ligaments and an articular bag in the affected area.

If symptoms of the disorder appear, you should contact a specialist who will correct the joint. After that, you can treat dislocation of the shoulder joint at home.

Classification

Depending on the nature of the injury, the head of the humerus can be displaced in different directions from the articular cavity. According to this feature, these kinds of dislocations are distinguished:

1. Front- occur in 80% of cases and are the result of a fall on the straight hand that is laid back. With a strong displacement of the head, fractures of the scapula or the separation of the large tuber bone of the shoulder may occur.
2. Lower- constitute approximately 18% of pathologies and are the result of injuries on the bar. Also, the problem can arise in a child when adults raise his hand. In this case, the head of the bone is displaced into the armpit. It can be felt on palpation.
3. Rear- make up no more than 2% and arise due to a direct impact. The head of the humerus is displaced in the direction of the scapula. Often, this condition is accompanied by a fracture of the surgical neck of the shoulder bone.

Symptoms

Before how to treat a dislocation of the shoulder joint, you need to analyze the clinical picture of this pathology. The main manifestations of the disease include the following:

1. Deformity of the shoulder joint, associated with the removal of the head of the shoulder bone beyond the articular cavity.
2. Restriction of motor activity. In this case, the hand may spring, but the directed movements are completely excluded.
3. Acute painin the affected area with primary dislocation and minor discomfort in case of habitual dislocation. Especially often he arises palpation or attempts to make movement.
4. Impaired limb sensitivity. Sometimes numbness or tingling may occur. These symptoms are caused by nerve damage.

The first aid for dislocating the shoulder joint is the reduction of motor activity in the affected area, the elimination of the traumatic factor and the timely access for help to the doctor.

If you suspect a dislocation, you need to take such measures:

1. Ensure the rest of the joint- completely abandon the motor activity. For this, a special bandage is used in case of dislocation of the shoulder joint.
2. Apply ice or other cold- this will help reduce inflammation and swelling of the tissues.
3. Call a doctor.

In addition, this measure can provoke damage to the muscles, vessels and nerves that are in this area.

General methods of treatment

What should I do if my shoulder is dislocated? Usually treatment of this condition includes the following:

1. Local anesthesia- helps to remove pain syndrome. For this, the doctor enters Lidocaine or Novocain. This stage can not be ignored, since the direction is accompanied by severe pain. Do not try to fix the joint yourself or with the help of relatives. It can cause its destruction and even fracture.
2. Hand Direction. This is a difficult and painful stage. There are several methods of correction. The doctor should choose the specific method, otherwise there is a risk of unpleasant consequences.
3. Surgical intervention. This method is used if the joint can not be corrected by the usual method. In this situation, it is fixed using seams and spokes. Such an intervention is performed under general anesthesia.
4. Immobilization of the joint. This will help to eliminate the risk of relapse and ensure rapid healing. On the affected area is superimposed longeta. Wearing the device will take 1-2 months - it all depends on the severity of the injury.
5. Rehabilitation. Ignore this stage is prohibited, because it allows you to strengthen and restore the joint, as well as prevent its re-damage. For this, gymnastics, massage and other medical procedures are used.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation after dislocation of the shoulder joint includes exercise therapy. The recovery period is divided into several stages:

• gradual increase in the volume of motor activity of the shoulder muscles - 3-4 weeks;
• normalization of normal working capacity of the shoulder joint - 2-3 months;
• restoration of the full volume of shoulder functions - up to six months.

To immobilize the area of ​​the dislocation, a bandage and orthosis are applied to the affected area. The cast is used only in the most difficult cases.

In simple situations, a reinforced bandage in the form of a scarf is sufficient. This device is made of soft and elastic material, which allows him to sleep and take a shower.

To prevent dislocation during sports loads, it is recommended to use a soft shoulder bandage. It provides a weak fixation of the shoulder and practically does not reduce the volume of motor activity.

This means gently massages the muscle tissue and has a warming effect. With this bandage, you can perform a variety of exercises after a dislocation of the shoulder joint.

In difficult cases it is necessary to wear a rigid shoulder brace. It reliably fixes bones and shoulder. This device is made of a metal frame and supplemented with motion amplitude adjusters.

How to develop a hand after a dislocation, the doctor will tell. Usually simple exercises are recommended that do not cause pain, but provide an improvement in the structure of the muscle tissue.

Introductory exercises are performed already at the stage of immobilization. Thanks to this, it will be possible to prepare the muscles for the subsequent work and for performing more complex movements. They allow us to normalize the metabolism, stabilize the functions of the heart, blood vessels and respiratory system.

After immobilization gymnastics should be aimed at restoring mobility in the muscles and joint. Due to the complexity of the exercise, they help to eliminate tension, cope with contractures and develop endurance.

At this stage it is useful to make such movements:

• bend and unbend fingers, elbow;
• Raise the injured hand and support it with a healthy limb;
• to take one or both hands aside;
• perform rotational movements;
• to take his hand behind his back;
• do by hand swinging motion.

It is very important to perform gymnastics not only with a sick hand, but also healthy. Thanks to this, it will be possible to restore normal coordination of movements.

If the doctor recommended wearing a bandage in the form of a kerchief, before starting the session, the hand should be released.

Folk methods

Home recipes are used to eliminate the pain syndrome. They also help to restore the mobility of the affected joint and cope with swelling.

It is very important to use people's means systematically. Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve the desired results.

The most effective home remedies include:

1. Take the root of bryony, dry and grind. Half a small spoon pour 500 ml of water and put on a plate. Cook for a quarter of an hour, then cool and drain the broth. Add a large spoonful of the product to half a glass of sunflower oil. This compound is ideal for grinding the affected area.
2. To restore mobility of the shoulder, you should use tansy. For this it is recommended to take 3 tablespoons of flowers of this plant. They are recommended to mix with steep boiling water and leave for 1 hour. Then the composition should be filtered and used for wet compresses.
3. Cornflower has a good analgesic effect. To make a useful composition, take 3 small spoons of flowers, mix with 500 ml of boiling water and leave for 1 hour. Strain and cool the broth. It can be taken orally in half a glass 3 times a day. This must be done before meals.
4. A good remedy is an ointment, which is often used during the recovery phase. For its preparationshould take 100 g of propolis and vegetable oil. Mix the ingredients and heat on a steam bath. Turn off after dissolving propolis. Cool the treated areas. Keep this composition is allowed no more than 90 days.
5. Cope with the habitual dislocation of the shoulder will helpcomposition based on the root and bark of barberry. These ingredients should be ground and mixed thoroughly. Take 1 small composition, mix with a glass of milk and bring to a boil. Use three times a day for 1 small spoon. The composition is marked by a strong strengthening effect.
6. Excellent effect has alcohol tinctures. They can contain a wide variety of ingredients. So,You can make a tincture of mountain arnica. To do this, it is recommended to take 20 g of plant flowers and add 200 ml of alcohol. Leave for a week to insist, then drain. Take half a small spoon twice a day.
7. A good tool iscomposition based on sugar and onions. This vegetable should be used fresh or baked. To make a medical composition, one bulb and 10 small spoons of sugar will be needed. Ingredients should be mixed and used as lotions. It is recommended to change the dressing every 5-6 hours.
8. An excellent effect is the root of elecampane. Raw materials should be crushed, add a glass of boiling water and leave for half an hour to insist. The resulting broth to use for compresses and lotions.
9. A good remedy is tincture of ficus leaves. To make it, you need to grind 1 leaf of the plant and pour 250 ml of vodka. Leave for a couple of weeks to insist. Do it in a dark and cool place. In the strained composition put 1 large spoon of honey and egg yolk. The resulting composition should be rubbed into the affected area before going to bed. After that it is recommended to wrap the affected shoulder with a warm kerchief. The course of therapy should be continued for 2 weeks, and then take a break. If necessary, the treatment can be repeated.

Features of nutrition

With a dislocation of the shoulder joint, a full and balanced diet helps to speed recovery. It should be aimed at strengthening bone tissue, ligament apparatus and joints.

Proteins are required for the construction of new tissues. Especially useful is the dairy products, which provide the restoration of cartilage, enveloping the joints of bones.

Milk protein is perfectly digested. In addition, such products include a lot of calcium, which is needed to strengthen bone tissue.

The menu should include low-fat meat and fish. Also very useful is the buckwheat, beans and lentils. Improve the absorption of proteins will help the use of these products in boiled, baked or stewed.

It is also useful to eat jelly and cold. These dishes include collagen, which provides excellent strength of cartilage and bones.

To get enough energy, the body needs to eat carbohydrates. It is important to eat foods that contain complex carbohydrates. They include vegetables, fruits and cereals.

In the diet must be present and fats, which are necessary for the normal course of metabolic processes. Preference should be given to butter and vegetable fats.

Refractory fats, which are present in meat, disrupt the blood flow and lead to the appearance of cholesterol plaques on the walls of the vessels.

When creating a menu, you must follow these rules:

1. Products should improve metabolic processes.
2. Meat and fish are recommended to eat in cooked form.
3. It is not necessary to eat soups on a strong meat broth, since it contains many purine bases. These substances adversely affect the condition of the joints.
4. For the normalization of water-salt metabolism dishes from pumpkin, squash are useful. You also need to eat greens, watermelons, dried apricots and prunes.
5. Raw foods need to be consumed 3 times more than those dishes that have been heat treated.
6. To normalize the work of the intestine, you need to eat fiber. It is present in cereals, vegetables, fruits, and coarse bread.
7. Instead of regular tea, you need to drink compote from dried fruits, a decoction of hips. It is also very useful to use herbal teas.

Complications

If you do not start therapy in time, there is a risk of dangerous complications.

They include the following:

• instability of the joint;
• defeat of peripheral nerves;
• decreased motor activity of the joint;
• recurrences of dislocation even after simple injuries;
• degenerative processes in the shoulders.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint - serious damage that requires urgent medical attention. The specialist will correct the affected joint and give recommendations for recovery.

At home, you need to practice therapeutic gymnastics and use effective folk remedies.

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A source: http://lechenie-narodom.ru/vyvih-plechevogo-sustava-lechenie-v-domashnih-usloviyah/

Dislocation of the shoulder joint: symptoms, treatment and rehabilitation - video

Trauma can happen to anyone at an unexpected moment. Depending on the situation, any part of the body can be injured. When falling, a person tries to hedge himself, substituting his hands to reduce the consequences.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint is a fairly common injury, both in adults and in children. Such traumas can lead to a decrease in the quality of life of a person, which in the future can be reflected on his emotional background.

Shoulder joint, is the most mobile joint in the human body, but in addition and most vulnerable during injuries.

This joint is surrounded by a capsular-ligament apparatus, which at the time of a heavy load does not sufficiently perform its protective functions.

When receiving any injury, adults and children should be examined by a doctor to make the correct diagnosis.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint: the cause of development

To the development of such an injury leads to the following:

• features in the structure of the joint;
• injury;
• hypermobility of the joint;
• the usual tension of the joint, when performing the same type of action (swimming, gymnastics).

The listed reasons can influence in isolation or in combination.

Anatomic features in this case is dysplasia of the articular cavity of the scapula.

This is due to the fact that the joint was not fixed initially, so excessive exposure to it can lead to traumatic damage.

Hypermobility of the joint includes the weakness of the ligaments and muscles, which keep the joint in proper volume.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint

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This, as a rule, is an innate feature of the musculoskeletal system and occurs quite often. But do not be afraid, not all people, this feature ends with a dislocation of the shoulder joint.

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Sport, is one of the main reasons for the development of this disease. Permanent training and stress on the joint can provoke similar injuries.

Performing monotonous movements for a fairly long time, stretching of the ligaments occurs, and they no longer function so firmly.

The very fact of injury and the presence of features of the structure of the shoulder joint increases the probability of getting a dislocation.

Symptoms of a dislocation of the shoulder joint

Symptoms of a dislocation of the shoulder joint

It should be noted that the symptoms of the acute condition and habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint are generally the same, but there are a number of features that will be discussed below.

The main symptoms include:

• sharp pain in the shoulder joint and swelling;
• change in the shape of the joint;
• fixed position of the hand;
• not the ability to make active and passive movements;
• change in limb length;
• decreased or impaired sensation in the joint region.

In most cases, these complaints are caused by an active trauma. At some patients on a background of strong pain the temperature can rise.

Pain, as a rule, is intense, unbearable, and can lead to a fainting condition. Not always a person immediately understands what happened.

Trying to move a hand and perform minimal actions, they only worsen the clinical picture.

If the vascular-nerve bundle is damaged, there is a violation of the local circulation and a change in sensitivity. Sensitivity is impaired in the forearm and lower arm regions.

It should be noted that the symptoms of the state of intensity and brightness differ depending on the individual characteristics of each person. When making a diagnosis, perform such a manipulation as a reposition of the dislocation.

This is necessary, because with trauma, edema of soft tissues is formed and if the dislocation is not corrected, the edema will persist and the force of pain will increase. In addition to the main traumatological methods, the patient must also provide psychological assistance.

First aid for dislocating the shoulder joint should include:

• fixation of the limb and application of cold;
• giving the patient a comfortable position;
• need to remove the pain symptom.

If the limb is damaged, it is necessary to fix the time, in the future it will help in choosing the tactics of patient treatment. Fixation of the joint is carried out with a tire, bandages, and a bandage bandage. It is necessary to firmly immobilize the injured arm in order to avoid additional displacement.

Cold apply, it will help prevent the development of severe swelling, and a little pain. In pain, analgesics with anti-inflammatory effect are used. First aid in case of dislocation of the shoulder joint can be provided by a person without special education.

It is necessary to correct the dislocation for the first time in the hospital after additional examination.

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It must be done in the shortest possible time, so that the recovery period is more effective.

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To confirm the diagnosis, it is sufficient to conduct an x-ray study, on which the integrity of the joint can be clearly identified.

The habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint features a clinical picture

The dislocation, which is repeated three months after the primary dislocation, refers to the usual. Over time, objectively, such patients have a decrease in muscle volume in the shoulder region.

Moderate soreness is present not only in rest, but also in palpation of the shoulder area. Pain with the usual dislocation of the shoulder joint is not so intense, the body temperature does not increase and the patient immediately begins to take the necessary actions.

The reasons for the formation of the habitual dislocation are as follows:

• rupture of the muscular framework;
• sprain or rupture of ligaments of the joint;
• any sharp movement of the hand;
• not correct treatment of a primary trauma (most often not after trauma);
• unbalanced load on the joint;
• repeated injury and much more.

With sufficiently frequent relapses of the disease, the causes of dislocation are becoming less significant, which aggravates and prolongs the process of restoring the normal working capacity of the joint. Dislocation of the dislocation occurs easily, and often the patients can do it themselves.

This disease reduces the quality of human life, primarily due to the fact that you have to comply with restrictions in motor activity, so as not to provoke an exacerbation of the condition. In addition, the constantly present pain and discomfort leads to a decrease in mood and performance.

Treatment for such conditions, as a rule, operative. This is necessary because conservative therapy is not effective and does not bring relief to the patient. Plastic capsule-binding device, which is aimed at strengthening and fixing the joint in the correct position.

After this treatment, a restorative and rehabilitation period is mandatory.

Treatment should be complex and continuous, then it will be possible to achieve the desired result.

Treatment

Treatment of dislocation of the shoulder joint begins immediately, from the moment of first aid to the patient. The earlier these events begin, the more productive the result will be. The main type of treatment for this condition is the correction of the dislocation.

Manipulation is not simple and requires professional skill. Doctors who perform this procedure are orthopedic traumatologists or surgeons.

The correction of the first dislocation is the most laborious procedure.

Before proceeding with manipulation, it is necessary to anesthetize the patient (local anesthesia or anesthesia is solved individually) in some cases, with complex dislocations, muscle relaxants are used, for a greater relaxation of the muscles in damaged area.

From pain in the joints will be effective innovative cream Arthropant.

There are the following techniques of correction:

• lever;
• physiological;
• jogging.

After carrying out the manipulation, drug therapy must be prescribed, which will be directed to removal of edema, inflammation, improvement of blood circulation in the joint and muscles, vitamin therapy, reduction of pain syndrome.

Treatment of dislocation of the shoulder joint after repositioning involves fixing the limb and carrying out a recovery course. Physiotherapy treatment is an addition to the main therapy.

Operations with dislocation of the shoulder joint are performed to treat a habitual dislocation or a newly developed dislocation, with the possibility of its conservative repositioning.

X-ray of a shoulder dislocation

Operative treatment can be:

• on the capsule of the joint;
• on the ligaments;
• on the muscles;
• on the bones;
• or be combined.

Operative correction of dislocation is not considered difficult manipulation.

It is based on opening the capsule of the joint, restoring the correct ratio of bones and carrying out the sewing of damaged tissues.

Much more painstaking and delicate operations in the treatment of habitual dislocation of the joint. This is due to the fact that over time, with a constant load and trauma, the joint changes.

There is a formation of fibrous cords and outgrowths. Muscles and ligaments weaken and cease to function normally. Considering this, the doctor during the operation carries out a "sweep" of the joint, to improve the contact of the articular surfaces.

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The main purpose of the operation with the usual dislocation of the shoulder is the creation of a strong capsular framework that will prevent damage to the joint.

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In most cases, the treatment resorts to combined operations, which include affecting the ligaments, muscles, bones and surrounding tissues.

Rarely when resort to an isolated treatment of a single structure. Immobilization of the limb is mandatory after such treatment.

The term is determined individually, but, as a rule, it is not less than three weeks.

Operative treatment in some patients is perceived rather hard, so the support of psychologists or psychotherapists can facilitate the postoperative period and accelerate recovery.

Recovery and rehabilitation after treatment

Each patient should understand that after the dislocation is rehabilitated, the rehabilitation period must be observed. The whole course lasts no less than six months. Rehabilitation is necessary for joint development after trauma.

If these procedures are not carried out in full, then the patient may face the fact that a dislocation can occur again, and then the disease will become chronic. Rehabilitation with a dislocation of the shoulder joint is developed for each patient individually. The course includes the development of:

• ligaments and muscles;
• restoration of the volume of movements;
• prevention of recurrence of the disease.

The duration of the recovery period depends on the severity of the condition, the age of the patient, and the neglect of the process.

It should be noted that after the procedure the patient does not immediately begin warm-up exercises. The first week, is aimed at creating maximum peace for a fixed limb. It is necessary for the maximum fusion of all damaged tissues to exclude secondary inflammation.

During the first postoperative week, the patient takes medication, limited volumetric movements in the joint, a small gymnastics in the hands and fingers is allowed, to improve blood circulation in the hand.

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The second stage of recovery begins from the second week and lasts up to four weeks. Here, the patient is allowed to perform smooth, measured movements in the arm and joint.

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After the manipulation is applied cold, to reduce the pain syndrome. Dramatic and complex combined movements are prohibited, as this can provoke a new dislocation.

The third period in the restoration lasts until six months. The main task is to restore the full volume of movements in the joint and to stop the inflammatory process. Rehabilitation other than gymnastics techniques should include massage and physiotherapy.

Physiotherapy is more convenient than that, because it affects the joint structures without force. The main physiotherapy procedures include:

• electrophoresis with novocaine;
• magnetotherapy and laser;
• UHF and UHT;
• phonophoresis;
• electrostimulation.

Thanks to these techniques, metabolic processes are improved, the body's immune response is raised, barrier mechanisms are activated, and recovery is accelerated. The listed methods can be applied alternately or jointly.

The main point in rehabilitation with dislocation of the shoulder joint is LFK. Physiotherapy exercises are conducted under the supervision of an instructor who paints step by step what tasks should be performed.

LFK with a dislocation of the shoulder joint is aimed at restoring muscle strength and at the same time relieving muscle tension.

Gymnastics in the early stages contributes to the normalization of the muscular functions, then leads to the restoration of the operability of the joint.

After immobilization has been removed, physical therapy classes are aimed at reducing muscle contractures, increasing the endurance of muscle tissue.

It should be noted that the tasks are performed by a sick hand and healthy.

Basically, the following exercises are used:

• dilution of hands to the sides;
• flexion and extension in the elbow joint and hands;
• lifting hands up;
• circular motions;
• the establishment of hands behind the back.

We must not forget that in the first days of rehabilitation therapy, not all procedures will be performed in full, but systematic training contributes to the expansion of the volume of active and passive movements.

LFK with a dislocation of the shoulder joint is first carried out in a lightweight version, then with good load tolerance, sports equipment can be added. Most often use dumbbells, balls, stick.

The duration of the classes starts from 10-15 minutes, the time interval gradually increases.

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Dislocation of the shoulder joint: treatment at home. Dislocation of the shoulder joint: causes

Dislocation of the shoulder joint is the most common problem related to the musculoskeletal system. The reason is a peculiar design that provides the greatest range of movements among all the joints of our body.

In this article, we will look at how to recognize shoulder dislocations, the symptoms of the disease.

Prevention and treatment as important measures to prevent and eliminate the consequences of such injuries will also be described in the material presented.

What is a dislocation?

Dislocation we call the loss of contact of the articular surfaces with each other.

Injuries occur most often during sports or traffic accidents.

Particularly exposed to this are people involved in volleyball, hockey, handball and winter sports. In case of shoulder injuries, correct diagnosis is necessary.

One of the most difficult types of damage to the shoulder is a dislocation of the shoulder joint. Causes and treatment are established by the doctor at close examination of the victim. The further therapy consists in restoration of joint work and prevention of complications.

Why does such a problem occur?

The most common causes of dislocation of the shoulder joint are injuries during physical activity, falling on the outer (side) part of the arm. The cause of the problem can be a strong blow.

Sometimes an injury is caused by falling from a height, for example, while working on a construction site. When the impact occurs, the head of the shoulder bone is displaced.

Depending on the direction in which it has moved, the shoulder dislocations can be divided into:

1. Anterior humeral dislocation of the joint. This is the most common type of displacement, which usually occurs as a result of falling on an elongated arm or shoulder.
2. Posterior shoulder dislocation of the joint. Such displacements can be caused by direct impact or sharp turns of the shoulder.

Symptoms of the problem

A dislocation of the shoulder joint can damage other structures in the shoulder region. How to identify the problem and what to do after diagnosing a "dislocated shoulder"? Symptoms and treatment (first aid) depend on the severity of the injury.

Signs of dislocation of the shoulder joint:

1. Sudden, very severe pain in the shoulder area.
2. Large swelling or bruising.
3. Limited mobility of the joint.
4. Distortion of the outline of the joint, there is an absence of the head of the humerus, which moves to the area of ​​the armpit.
5. Pain increases when trying to move the joint (so the patient holds his hand closer to the body).
6. Fainting and fever.

Medical measures and diagnostics

A very serious injury is a dislocation of the shoulder joint. First aid and medical intervention are prerequisites for the rapid rehabilitation and recovery of the patient to a normal lifestyle.

It is necessary to anesthetize the shoulder joint, which is performed under general anesthesia to prevent other injuries while the doctor is working.

Treatment is carried out on the basis of factors determined by manual method, and radiography.

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After that, on the shoulder (where the shoulder joints are), plaster is applied with a bandage. Such immobilization of the limb, as a rule, lasts about 4 weeks.

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After removing the dressing from gypsum and examining the radiograph, if there is no repeated dislocation a shoulder joint, rehabilitation becomes a prerequisite for restoring the patient's work shoulder.

It is also recommended to refrain from physical activity for two to three months.

Sometimes, in order to treat a doctor's diagnosis of "habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint the operation is necessary part of the recovery process, since other problems, such as as:

If the patient has numerous hand injuries and a habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint, the operation becomes quite a difficult task for the surgeon, after which the patient for a long time (6 weeks) should avoid the movement of the upper extremities.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is necessary for further treatment. You also need to consider the following nuances:

1. Avoid sharp movements of the shoulder joint for a short time after removing the gypsum.
2. Apply cold compresses to reduce swelling.
3. Pharmacological treatment, which consists in taking anti-inflammatory drugs. If the pain is intense, you can ask the doctor to prescribe analgesics. The drug "Nurofen Plus" should be taken every 6 hours for 15 ml.
4. Perform therapeutic procedures. They promote analgesic and anti-inflammatory action (cryotherapy), the restoration of damaged soft tissues (magnetotherapy, laser therapy, ultrasound), increase muscle mass and strength (electrostimulation), improve blood supply and nutrition of tissues (whirlpool bath for the upper extremities).
5. Massage of tissues adjacent to the joint, relieves stress, and also improves blood supply and nutrition.
6. Mobilization of the shoulder joint.

Performing medical exercises in the initial stage of rehabilitation is best with a psychotherapist. It is necessary to pick up easy manipulations without loading on the diseased joint, for example: isometric exercises and stretching tasks stimulating neuromuscular tissue.

Step-by-step introductions to the emphasis, strengthening the strength of muscles and improving the stability, elasticity of soft tissues.

At the last stage of treatment, exercises are used for the entire upper limb, increasing strength, controlling movement and work, improving the dynamics of movements of the shoulder joint.

Kinesiotherapy consists in wrapping the joint with special elastic patches. They have sensory action, improve the functioning of the joints.

The patches applied to the scapular articulations provide stability, improve healing processes and reduce the risk of injury during exercise.

Complications

Unfortunately, the diagnosis of "dislocation of the shoulder joint" is quite serious. Rehabilitation and treatment without accurate diagnosis can lead to numerous complications. These include:

• instability of the joint;
• damage to the peripheral nerves (tingling sensation, sensitivity disorders of the entire upper limb);
• restriction of range of movements in the joint;
• relapses even after a trivial injury;
• degenerative changes in the shoulder joint.

Methods of treatment of shoulder injuries in the home

A small relief comes from applying a cold compress to the damaged area if a shoulder dislocation occurs.

Treatment at home with severe injuries is impossible without the provision of qualified medical care. The injured person should be taken to a doctor who will take the necessary measures after performing X-rays.

For the time of transportation, the hand must be fixed: it can be slightly bent at the elbow, pressed to the chest and wrapped with bandage to the body.

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To ease the pain, you should give an analgesic or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ("Nurofen Plus" or "Ibuprofen" 15 ml every 6 hours). Recovery usually takes 3-6 weeks.

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Then it is recommended to perform stretching exercises for the muscles of the arm and shoulder. After a series of such activities, when the limb will be fully functional, you can return to the sport, but only in special clothing, so that in case of a fall it prevents the dislocation of the shoulder joint.

Home treatment and rehabilitation after trauma are possible with the systematic performance of stretching exercises, so that the muscles are elastic and less prone to damage.

In the case of muscle strain, for example, after intensive training, you can apply ice to the shoulder.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint

This is a serious injury due to the impossibility of moving the hand because of the dislocation of the shoulder joint.

Treatment at home (first aid): drink pain medications in the dosage indicated in the instructions, tie your arm to your body, and then urgently visit an orthopedic or traumatologist.

Such damage is a very serious injury that can lead to the death of nerves and blood vessels.

Tension of the tendons

What to do if there is a sprain in the ligaments and a dislocation of the shoulder joint? Treatment at home involves the use of a cold compress (it is applied for half an hour), drugs with analgesic and anti-inflammatory action (gels, ointments). They are applied a thin layer on the damaged area several times a day. It is also necessary to rest your arm, that is, to limit movement.

Contusion of the shoulder joint

As a rule, it results from a sharp fall, which leads to damage to soft tissues.

Signs of a bruise: gradually increasing pain, bruising, swelling. It is necessary to quickly apply ice to the site of injury.

This will limit the hematoma and swelling of the soft tissues, unless, of course, there has been a dislocation of the joint.

And the treatment of folk remedies in this case will not be superfluous: several times a day for 20 minutes, apply cooling compresses or ice cubes wrapped in foil or wrapped in cloth.

Relief brings also ointments with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. They are applied several times a day.

However, if the pain does not recede, you need to consult an orthopedist, since the injury can be much more serious than you think.

Folk remedies

A lot of home methods for eliminating the consequences associated with the diagnosis of "dislocation of the joint." Treatment with folk remedies is aimed at relieving pain.

It is recommended to use compresses from hot milk: it must be heated, moistened with bandages and applied to the affected joint.

A finely chopped onion or "dough" made from a glass of flour and a spoonful of vinegar helps a lot. They need to be put on the damaged place and keep for half an hour.

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Dislocation of the shoulder: treatment after repositioning, physiotherapy

The shoulder joint is formed by the articular surfaces of two bones - scapula and humerus. The first is a flat-concave smooth platform, and the second has the shape of a ball.

This globular head is in contact with the articular surface of the scapula (as if entering it) only by a quarter, and its stability in this position is provided by the so-called rotator cuff of the shoulder - the joint capsule and musculo-ligament apparatus.

Due to its structure, the shoulder joint is one of the most mobile joints of our skeleton, all kinds of movements are possible: flexion and extension, withdrawal and reduction, as well as rotation (rotation). However, for the same reason, he is also the most vulnerable - more than half of all dislocations in the practice of the traumatologist are precisely the dislocations of the shoulder joint.

About what is this pathology, about its types, causes and mechanisms of occurrence, as well as about symptoms, principles diagnostics and tactics of treatment (including the rehabilitation period after repositioning) of the dislocation of the shoulder joint you will learn from our articles.

So, a dislocation of the shoulder joint, or simply a dislocation of the shoulder, is a persistent dissociation of articular surfaces of the articular cavity scapula and the spherical head of the humerus, arising from trauma or some other abnormal process.

Classification

Depending on the causative factor distinguish such types of dislocations:

1. Congenital.
2. Purchased:
   • traumatic (or primary);
   • non-traumatic (arbitrary, pathological and habitual).

Each of these reasons will be discussed in more detail in the relevant section of the article.

If the traumatic dislocation proceeds in isolation, without being accompanied by other traumas, it is called uncomplicated.

In the case when simultaneously with dislocation of the shoulder is determined violation of the integrity of the skin, a rupture of the tendons, fractures of the clavicle, scapula, humerus, damage to the neurovascular bundle - complicated dislocation is diagnosed.

Depending on the direction in which the head of the humerus is displaced, the dislocations of the shoulder are divided into:

• front;
• lower;
• rear.

The vast majority of cases of this trauma - up to 75% - occur in the front dislocations, about 24% make dislocations lower or axillary, other variants of the disease are found only in 1% patients.

An important role in determining the tactics of treatment and prognosis is played by classification depending on the time since the injury. According to it, there are 3 types of dislocations:

• fresh (up to three days);
• stale (from three days to three weeks);
• chronic (dislocation occurred more than 21 days ago).

Causes of Shoulder Dislocation

Traumatic dislocation occurs, as a rule, as a result of the fall of a person on a straight-drawn or extended arm, and also because of a blow to the shoulder area in front or behind. Trauma is the most frequent cause of this pathology.

If after a traumatic dislocation for any reason (often such an cause becomes an insufficient period of immobilization the affected limb after the dislocation has been repositioned) the rotational cuff is not completely restored, a dislocation develops habitual.

The head of the humerus jumps out of the articular cavity of the shoulder blade during sports (for example, when the ball is fed in volleyball or when swimming) and even when a person performs simple actions in everyday life (dressing / undressing, combing, hanging clothes after washing and other).

"Experienced" in this regard, the patient no longer applies for referrals to doctors, but does it himself.

When development of the shoulder joint or surrounding tissues of tumors, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis process, osteodystrophy or osteochondropathy, pathological dislocations are possible.

Mechanism of development of dislocation

Indirect injury - a fall on a straight, retracted or elongated arm - leads to a displacement of the head of the humerus in the direction, opposite to the fall, rupture of the joint capsule in the same place and, possibly, damage to the muscles, ligaments or fractures of the bones forming joint.

When the pressure on the joint area of ​​a benign or malignant tumor, the head also jumps out of the articular cavity - a pathological dislocation occurs.

Dislocation of the shoulder: symptoms

The main complaint of patients with this pathology is intense permanent pain that occurs after falling on an elongated arm or a blow in the shoulder area.

They also note a sharp restriction of movements in the shoulder joint - it absolutely ceases to perform its functions, and attempts at passive movements are sharply painful.

Another important feature is the change in the shape of the shoulder joint. In a healthy person, it has a rounded shape, without any significant protrusions.

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When the joint is dislocated, the joint is outwardly deformed - a prominent globular protrusion - the head of the humerus - is determined from the front, behind or below it.

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In the anterior-posterior size, the joint is flattened.

With lower dislocations, the head of the humerus damages the neurovascular bundle that passes through the axillary region. The patient thus complains of numbness of certain parts of the hand (which innervates the damaged nerve) and a decrease in sensitivity in them.

Diagnostics

The doctor will suspect a dislocation already at the stage of collecting complaints, anamnesis of life and the patient's illness. Then he will assess the objective status: he will examine and palpate (feel) the affected joint.

The specialist will pay attention to the deformity noticeable to the naked eye, the presence of skin defects or hemorrhages in the area of ​​the skin (may occur when the blood vessel ruptures at the time of injury).

With habitual dislocation, attention will be drawn to the atrophy of the deltoid muscle and the muscles of the scapular region at the normal configuration of the shoulder joint and the restriction of movements (especially lead and rotation) in it.

Active movements in the affected joint can not be made by the patient, and when trying to move the passive one determines the so-called symptom of the springing resistance. Both palpation and movements in the shoulder joint are sharply painful.

In the elbow and lower joints, the volume of movements is preserved, palpation is not accompanied by pain.

If during the dislocation one or several nerves of the neurovascular bundle passing through the axillary region were damaged (usually this happens with lower dislocations), during the examination the doctor determines the decrease in sensitivity in the areas of the hand innervated by these nerves.

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The main method of instrumental diagnostics of shoulder dislocation is the radiography of the affected area. It allows you to establish an accurate diagnosis - the type of dislocation and the presence / absence of other types of injuries in this area.

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In doubtful cases, in order to clarify the diagnosis, the patient is assigned a computer or magnetic resonance tomography of the shoulder joint, as well as electromyography, which will help to detect a decrease in the excitability of atrophied muscles, taking place with the usual dislocations.

Tactics of treatment

Immediately after the injury, it is necessary to call an ambulance or taxi to deliver the patient with a shoulder dislocation to the hospital. While waiting for the car, he should provide first aid, which includes:

• cold on the affected area (to stop bleeding, reduce swelling and ease pain);
• anesthesia (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - paracetamol, ibuprofen, dexalgin and others, and if the need for a drug is determined by an emergency doctor, then narcotic analgesics (promedol, omnopon)).

At the admission the doctor first of all conducts the necessary diagnostic measures.

When an accurate diagnosis is made, the need for correcting the dislocation comes to the fore.

Primary traumatic dislocation, especially chronic, is harder to complete, while a habitual dislocation with every subsequent time is easier to correct.

The direction of dislocation can not be carried out "live" - ​​in all cases it is necessary local or general anesthesia. Young patients with uncomplicated traumatic dislocation usually undergo local anesthesia.

For this, a narcotic analgesic is injected into the area of ​​the affected joint and then injected with novocaine or lidocaine. After the sensitivity of the tissues decreases and the muscles relax, the doctor performs a closed dislocation of the dislocation.

There are many authoring techniques, the most common among them are the methods of Kudryavtsev, Meshkov, Hippocrates, Janelidze, Chaklin, Richet, Simon. The least traumatic and the most physiological are the methods of Janelidze and Meshkov.

In a number of cases, the patient is shown to have a dislocation under general anesthesia-anesthesia.

If the closed direction is not possible, the question of open intervention - arthrotomy of the shoulder joint is solved. During the operation, the doctor removes the tissues that have fallen between the articular surfaces, and restores congruence (mutual correspondence to each other) of the latter.

After the head of the humerus is placed in its anatomical position, the pain decreases for several hours and disappears altogether in 1-2 days.

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Immediately after repositioning, the doctor repeats the radiograph (to determine if the head is in the right place) and immobilizes the limb with a gypsum lint. The period of immobilization varies from 1 to 3-4 weeks, and in some cases even more.

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It depends on the age of the patient. Young patients wear the bandage longer, despite a feeling of complete health.

This is necessary in order for the joint capsule, ligaments and muscles surrounding it to completely restore its structure - this will reduce the risk of repeated (habitual) dislocations.

In elderly patients, prolonged immobilization will lead to muscle atrophy around the joint, which will disrupt the functionality of the shoulder. To avoid this, they are impregnated with plaster bandages or bandages for Deso, and the period of immobilization is reduced to 1.5-2 weeks.

Physiotherapy

Massage with a dislocation of the shoulder improves the outflow of lymph and reduces the swelling of the tissues.

Methods of physiotherapy with dislocation of the shoulder joint are used both at the stage of immobilization, and after removal of the immobilizing bandage.

In the first case, the goal of physiotherapy is to reduce edema, resorption in the injury zone of traumatic effusion and infiltration, as well as anesthesia.

At the next stage, treatment with physical factors is used to normalize blood flow and activate processes repair and regeneration in damaged tissues, as well as stimulate the operation of the periarticular muscles and restore the total volume of movements in the the joint.

To reduce the intensity of the pain syndrome, the patient is prescribed:

As anti-inflammatory techniques apply:

• high-frequency magnetotherapy;
• Microwave therapy;
• UHF-therapy.

To improve the outflow of lymph from the lesion and thus reduce swelling of the tissues, use:

• massotherapy;
• alcohol compress.

Expand blood vessels and improve blood flow in the area of ​​damage:

Improve the processes of recovery - repair and regeneration - in the affected tissues the following physiotherapy procedures:

• laser therapy infrared;
• high-frequency magnetotherapy.

In order to normalize the functions of the periarticular muscles,

Contraindicated physiotherapy in the presence of massive hemorrhage in the joint (hemarthrosis) before the fluid is removed from there.

Physiotherapy

Exercises exercise therapy shown to the patient at all stages of rehabilitation after the correction of shoulder dislocation. The goal of gymnastics is to restore the full volume of movements in the affected joint and the strength of the muscles surrounding it.

The complex of exercises to the patient is selected by the physician of the exercise therapy, depending on the individual characteristics of the course of the disease.

Initially, the sessions should be conducted under the supervision of the methodologist, and later, when the patient remembers the technique and the order of the exercises, he can do them himself at home.

After 2 weeks, in the absence of pain, the patient is allowed to make careful movements with his shoulder.

On the 4th-5th week, movements in the joint are allowed with a gradual increase in their volume - withdrawal, reduction, flexion, extension, rotation until the joint fully restores its functions. Even after this, at 6-7 weeks, you can pick up things first with a small weight, gradually increasing it.

It is impossible to force events, this can lead to weakening of the rotator cuff of the shoulder and repeated dislocations. If pain occurs at any stage of rehabilitation, you should temporarily stop the exercises and after a while start them again.

Conclusion

Shoulder dislocation is one of the most common injuries in the practice of a trauma doctor. The leading cause of it is the fall on a straight hand, sideways, raised or extended forward.

Symptoms of dislocation - severe pain, lack of movements in the affected joint and deformation of it, visible to the naked eye.

In order to verify the diagnosis, as a rule, radiography is carried out, in complicated cases, other methods of visualization are used - computer and magnetic resonance imaging.

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The main role in the treatment of this condition is played by the correction of the damaged joint, the restoration of congruence of its articular surfaces. Also, the patient is prescribed anesthetic medication and immobilizes the joint.

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Rehabilitation is very important, the complex of measures which they begin to perform immediately after the imposition of the immobilizing bandage and continue until the full restoration of the function of the joint.

It includes methods of physiotherapy that help to anesthetize, reduce swelling, increase blood flow and regenerative processes in the area of ​​damage, and exercise physical therapy, which contribute to the recovery of volume movements in the joint. Perform these procedures should be under the supervision of a doctor, fully respecting his recommendations. In this case, the treatment will be most effective, and the disease will be gone in the shortest possible time.

Specialist of the clinic "Moscow doctor" tells about the dislocation of the shoulder:

A source: http://physiatrics.ru/10004818-vyvix-plecha-lechenie-posle-vpravleniya-fizioterapiya/