Types of otitis in children

Ear otitis in a child: symptoms, causes and treatment

Ear otitis in a child occurs much more often than in adults. The reasons for this imbalance are obvious - they are associated with the not yet sufficiently strengthened immune system of babies, which is not yet able to actively resist the development of inflammation. External manifestations of the disease, depending on the type of otitis media, differ, and therapeutic approaches should also be different.

What are otitis media in children and why they occur

Otitis is an inflammation of the ear.What are otitis media in children and what are their differences? There are external otitis and otitis media, depending on which department of the ear is inflamed. The course of the disease, which is very common at a young age, can be acute or chronic. The inflammatory process can, accompanied by suppuration or not accompanied by it. In this inflammation, there is a hearing disorder (mild to moderate hearing loss). The danger of all kinds of otitis in children is in their complications. Especially dangerous complications of purulent otitis. Remembering this, my mother should be attentive to the complaints of the child. If the child complains about the ear, the mother should immediately call the child's doctor. He, having examined the child, will give the necessary recommendations and, if he deems it necessary, appoint a consultation of a children's ENT doctor.

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Otitis externa may be a furuncle of the external auditory canal, but may be external otitis and spilled. The furuncle develops as a result of the infection in the hair follicle or the sebaceous gland that is near this sac. Why does external otitis occur in young children? The cause of infection is usually a minor skin trauma (mum does not observe caution, when the child is cleaning the eye, or the child puts in his ear a hard object with sharp edges).

Acute otitis media often develops as a complication of an acute cold. In the role of pathogens may act staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc. The cause of otitis media in children are adenoidal disorders that cover the mouth of the Eustachian pipes and thereby create conditions for air stagnation in the "drum-eustachian system" trumpet". In turn, the complication of acute otitis media, as well as complication of tubotitis is

The causative agents of acute purulent otitis are the same as in acute otitis media. If, for some reason, there is no timely and sufficient treatment for acute purulent otitis, if the sick child is not eating well, if the resistance of his body is reduced due to some prolonged illness, the acute purulent process in the ear can be transformed into a chronic one, and then it is already possible to talk about the presence of a chronic purulent otitis. Among the causes of this otitis in children, it is necessary to name such pathogens as streptococci, staphylococcus and E. coli. If the pseudomonas aeruginosa appears in the ear, the otitis proceeds very hard.

What are the symptoms of external and middle otitis media in a child

What are the symptoms of otitis in a child depending on the type of inflammation?

With external otitis, the child complains of pain in the ear. The pain is growing, and when you press the tragus of the auricle, it is even worse. Body temperature rises, parotid and cervical lymph nodes increase, tissues in the external ear canal swell strongly - sometimes this passage is completely closed. After opening the furuncle, pus is poured from the ear. Soon after this, recovery comes.

Acute otitis media begins some time after the onset of a cold. Again, a characteristic sign of otitis media is a pain in the ear. Sometimes a child complains of pain in both ears. If you click on the tragus of the ear, the pain becomes stronger. Body temperature rises, appetite and sleep are affected. There is a noise in the Ear, hearing is broken. The JIOP-doctor sees the reddening of the tympanic membrane when examining the patient's ear. Also, with the average otitis of the ear in a child, the symptoms are changes in the blood test: leukocytosis, increased ESR.

Symptoms of purulent and chronic otitis media in a child

Acute purulent otitis proceeds with the same symptoms, but to them signs of intoxication of the organism are added:increased fatigue, general weakness, pale skin and mucous membranes. Increased body temperature - up to 40 ° C - lasts several days. The pain in the ear becomes stronger and, as it were, pulsates. At some point, there is a breakthrough of pus accumulating in the tympanum, through the tympanic membrane outside; and the amount of pus can be significant. When pus breaks through it, as a rule, an admixture of blood is found. After the pus empties, the pain quickly fades into nothing. There is a hearing disorder.

The chronic purulent otitis is characterized by a suppuration, which lasts a long time. The suppuration may be permanent or intermittent. The substance separated from the ear can have a mucous or mucus-like nature; rarely - festering. If the pseudomonas arisens in the ear or if pus stagnates in the tympanum, a putrid smell from the ear may appear. Symptom of this otitis in the child is a constant noise in the patient's ear. The doctor sees a hole in the eardrum when viewed (with the help of a special instrument) of the tympanic membrane. Chronic purulent otitis may be complicated by mastoiditis, meningitis; local complications - proliferation of granulations, the appearance of polyps; a fairly rare complication is cholesteatoma.

How to properly treat an ear otitis in a child

Before treating otitis in a child, the baby must be shown to a specialist. The patient is examined by the ENT doctor and prescribes the necessary therapy. When treating otitis in a child is very important nutrition. The child's diet should contain more foods that are sources of vitamins A, C, B, etc. for the body.

With external otitis, the patient's ear warms up several times a day, making warming compresses (around the ear). In the external auditory meatus every day put turundas with a doctor-appointed remedy. Physiotherapy is effective.

With acute otitis media, treatment is also local and general. How correctly to treat an otitis of the child if it has arisen in the middle ear? In this case, warming up several times a day; around the ear make warming compresses with vegetable or camphor oil, vodka, semi-alcoholic compresses.

With severe pain in the ear, analgesic drops are prescribed. The effectiveness of treatment is increased when physiotherapy is connected. Simultaneously, the nose is treated - with the aim of quickly restoring the function of the Eustachian tube.

And how to treat an ear otitis in a child, if the disease is an acute purulent inflammation? In this case, the doctor makes a paracentesis - a small incision in the tympanic membrane. Through this incision poured out, and the state of the baby improves. The doctor observes the child every day, performs the toilet of the ear, puts in the external ear canal of turunda with medicines. The patient's ear is warmed, warming compresses are put on, physioprocedures are done. With symptoms of purulent otitis in children, treatment is also prescribed for the nose with a nasopharynx.

With chronic purulent otitis, the doctor also makes a daily ear toilet; locally used anti-inflammatory drugs; antibiotics are administered parenterally; physiotherapy is prescribed. In those cases when conservative therapy is ineffective, when complications of otitis may occur, surgical treatment is indicated. If you can achieve a long period without suppuration, an operation is performed to restore the integrity of the tympanic membrane. This operation is called "myringoplasty."

Treatment of otitis in children at home: first aid to a child

The kid suddenly complained that his ear hurts. Timely competent actions of the mother will help in this case to alleviate the child's condition and prevent the development of dangerous complications. Before starting treatment for otitis in children at home, first, of course, you need to call a precinct pediatrician at home.

After that, the mother must:

to measure the child's body temperature; if the body temperature is increased significantly, the child is recommended to give something of antipyretics: paracetamol in the form of a syrup, Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the age-appropriate dose, a small child - put a cefekon candle; If the mother gives the sick child acetylsalicylic acid, then - by all means on milk;
if the pain is severe, and the child can not tolerate it, providing first aid in otitis in a child, you need to give for oral intake of any pain medication - for example analgin in the age-related dose; an analgesic is injected into the ear - you can inject into the ear novocaine, otinum, if they are in the home medicine chest; if neither novocaine, no on hand at hand, you can drip a few drops of warm vodka into the external auditory meatus; quite quickly the pain in the ear weakens after introducing a few drops of warm vegetable oil into it; for this purpose, you can use any vegetable oil - olive, corn, sunflower, soybean, etc. (on the child's recovery the ear needs to be rinsed to remove from the external auditory meatus the remains oil); After the mother dripped the baby in the ear one of these means, he should be about 15 min. lie down - while the sick ear should be facing the ceiling; after instillations the external ear canal is always plugged with a cotton swab;
When treating otitis in a child at home, you need to warm up your sore ear; The warming-up procedure, despite its simplicity, is very effective; is due to its effectiveness in that heat is always characterized by a mild analgesic effect; in addition, heat causes local expansion of blood vessels and, therefore, a rush of blood to the sore ear, and in conditions of abundant blood supply the inflammation focuses much faster; sometimes it is enough to warm your ear once the very beginning of the disease - and the process of inflammation begins to "take positions warm up your baby need 3-4 times a day; Each time the warm-up procedure should take 12-15 minutes; it is recommended to use an ordinary heating pad (the child should lie on the hot-water bottle with a sick ear); It is important to remember that with an increase in the body temperature of warming do not;
Also, such assistance is very effective for children in the home, like warming compresses; when inflamed, compress around the ear; most often for compresses use such means as sunflower oil, camphor oil, vodka, alcohol, half diluted with water; make warming compresses 2 times a day: 1 times a day on, -2 h. and for the whole night; if the child has increased body temperature, compresses in no case can not be done, otherwise the body temperature will rise;
close the child with a dry ear with dry cotton wool; until the doctor says that the recovery has come, the ear of the baby should be permanently closed; cotton wool is fixed on the ear with a handkerchief or cap.

Folk remedies for the treatment of otitis in children

It is necessary to warn that methods and means recommended by traditional medicine are used as a supplement to the basic treatment that the JIOP doctor will assign to the child.

Below are listed the best folk remedies for treatment of otitis in children at home:

alternating with other means, bury in a sick ear a warm infusion of chamomile flowers; Preparation of the infusion: 1 teaspoonful dry flowers in a preheated cookware, pour a glass of boiling water and press under the lid for about 15 minutes. strain;
when folk treatment of otitis in children should be put twice a day in the external auditory canal gauze turuns (fitilechki), impregnated with warm walnut oil, for 2-3 hours;
Propolis oil can be used as an effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic; to put with it 2 times a day for 2-3 hours. in a sick ear gauze turundas;
there is more grapes; preferably - sweet varieties; grapes for the body - an excellent source of energy, very necessary for fighting the disease;
cleaning the external auditory canal from the pus, moisten the cotton swab with fresh juicy lemon juice (bear onions);
an effective folk remedy for otitis in children is mixed in equal quantities fresh juice of onions and flaxseed oil; moistened with this mixture gauze turunda, you need to put the latter in the outer ear canal for -2 hours; alternate with others means.

NasmorkuNet.ru

Inflammation of the middle ear: symptoms and stages

Unpleasant and extremely painful manifestations of ear diseases are classified according to many signs, one of which is the location of foci of infection.

Consider the possible types of otitis and examine in detail the symptoms of the middle ear.

Types of otitis

Outer, when the inflammation is localized directly in the auditory canal. Most often, it is diffuse, when the whole surface of the passage is damaged or in the form of a furuncle, if some limited part is inflamed. Otitis externa is relatively easy to treat, since the discharge of secretions is not difficult, and access to the affected area is open.
Average- develops in the next compartment of the hearing aid - the drum cavity. Its name, as it is easy to guess, is due to the location of the tympanic membrane, which will delay the outflow of purulent discharge, which will complicate the treatment. The average otitis counts in a variety of varieties, some of which will be discussed later. Treatment of otitis media involves a whole range of activities. Also, it is fraught with possible complications, so do not delay or neglect treatment.
InteriorOtitis or labyrinthitis is formed even further and is almost always a consequence of untreated or rapidly progressing otitis media. The characteristic signs of labyrinthitis will be dizziness and hearing loss. The pain sensations are slightly smoothed out, and they may disappear altogether, so this inflammation is so dangerous: the patient considers this sign a guaranteed cure and may stop treatment. That is why it is very important not to engage in self-medication, but to seek qualified help from a doctor - an otolaryngologist.
The scheme - the structure of the ear

The causes of inflammation can have a different nature, so the main three groups of causative agents of otitis.

From this article, you can find out how to effectively treat otitis media.

Classification of inflammatory processes

BacterialOtitis: is caused most often by numerous representatives of the family of streptococcal and staphylococcal cultures. Often observed on the general background of the weakening of the body after the diseases and during periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases. Treatment is carried out exclusively with the help of antibiotics, and an accurate characterization of the species will give an expanded smear of purulent discharge, if any.
ViralOtitis: it develops due to ingestion of the influenza virus or herpes into the auditory cavity. In this case, special antiviral drugs and additional funds are prescribed. Often, viral otitis is a complication of SARS, so in the season of colds it is advisable to follow preventive measures. In case of illnesses, you can not tolerate influenza and SARS on your feet and refuse to take medication. A frequent reason is self-withdrawal of medications after first improvement during illness.
Fungalthe nature of inflammation manifests itself when the fungus enters the body. The second name of fungal otitis is otomycosis. The main cause of the disease - non-compliance with basic rules of hygiene. Fungus enters the ear with unwashed hands, foreign objects and common diseases of the fungal organism. Often the disease is provoked by a dysbacteriosis after taking antibiotics or postoperative conditions. Treatment is carried out with special preparations of general and local action, an additional immunostimulation of the body, as well as physiological procedures: washing the ear cavity and eliminating the external body fungus.

What signs of external otitis media can be indicated in this article.

The video describes the symptoms of inflammation of the middle ear:

What antibiotics can be used for otitis is available from the article.

Apparently, "our enemies" have a lot of "enemies and most of them are quiet live in our body and do not exert their harmful influence in unfavorable for them conditions.

The best prevention of ear inflammatory processes (as well as many other diseases) will be maintaining a high level of immunity and careful compliance with individual hygiene.

How is the possible infection

Water entering the auditory canal. Usually this requires another provoking factor - damage to the skin of the inner surface of the ear canal. This can be scratches and microcracks caused by sloppy cleaning or foreign objects.
Complication after a disease. This is especially pronounced in childhood, but it can also disturb an adult. The most common side effects appear after other ENT diseases: sinusitis, sinusitis, angina, bronchitis.
Foreign object in the ear. Children often accidentally shove small parts into the nose or ear. Self-extracting is fraught with damage to the drum septum, so it's better to seek qualified help. In adults, a foreign object can be accidentally caught, for example, during a strong wind or a specific job. Extract it yourself also can not fail, so medical advice is recommended.

How does acute catarrhal otitis look, you can find from the article.

Specificity of pediatric otitis will be quite simple diagnosis and treatment. The main requirement is the inadmissibility of self-medication by folk remedies and the independent prescription of medications on the principle: someone helped.

The video describes the symptoms and treatment of inflammation of the middle ear:

What kind of drops for otitis in adults is best used, is indicated in the article.

Symptoms of otitis media of the middle ear

Sharp or shooting pain in the ear. Older children can independently identify a symptom, and in the case of infancy, the disease gives a sharp change in behavior. The kid reaches for the ear, cries and refuses to eat and pacifier. An accurate diagnosis can be made only by a doctor, and the task of parents is to provide timely advice and treatment.
Discharge from the ear canal(not necessary). Any discharge from the ear should alert the parents, even if it is a matter of conventional sulfur, only in larger quantities.
Frequently observedthe appearance of an unpleasant odor from the auricle. With an average otitis discharge from the ear may not be, but the smell will appear.
Temperature increasechildren can be caused by a variety of reasons, but if the above symptoms are present, then this is a serious reason to suspect otitis.

How to remove sulfur fuses in the ears, you can find out by reading the article.

In children, the disease is quite common, but it passes relatively quickly. It is important to know that the faster you contact a doctor, the greater the chances of getting rid of antibiotics and complex treatment. Emergency methods will be antipyretic drugs and analgesic turundochki with boric alcohol or special ear drops. Apply them only a short time to ease the pain, and not use for self-treatment.

On the video - the symptoms of inflammation of the middle ear in the baby:

What antibiotics are used for otitis media in children are indicated in the article.

Warmings of the ear canal cause a temporary sense of relief, but without prior consultation and clarification of the nature of otitis media can be extremely dangerous.The patient should be protected from drafts and low temperatures, but independent heating can provoke the progress of the disease and the transition of catarrhal otitis to the purulent stage.

In adults, the symptoms of otitis are identical to manifestations of the disease in children. First of all there is a sharp pain in the ear area, the simplest diagnosis: a little pressure on the outer ledge near the ear canal. If there is a sharp pain syndrome, then the matter is in the otitis. Treatment of adult patients occurs depending on the pathogens of infection and the symptoms that appear. Often in order to cure otitis, it is necessary to remove the infection of the nasopharynx or tonsillitis.

How is treatment at home for ear inflammation, you can learn from this article.

Stages of

The disease is characterized not only by the above symptoms, but also by three stages of development.

Acute formCatarrhal otitis is extremely painful. Unpleasant sensations intensify towards evening, causing unbearable discomfort. Sharp movements of the head, coughing and sneezing provoke shooting pain, giving away to the field of the temple or teeth. The hearing decreases and the temperature rises.
Purulent formotitis should be immediately followed by catarrhal. Allocations of pus accumulate in the cavity behind the tympanic membrane. Often to remove excreta, the doctor produces a small puncture of the tympanic membrane. If this is not done, it can break through on its own.

How is treated inflamed adenoids in children, indicated in the article.

The video tells about the acute form of otitis media:

The process of regeneration occurs after the destruction of infection and complex treatment. Purulent discharge is removed naturally, the internal surface is gradually restored, as is the damage to the tympanic membrane. The final manifestations of otitis occur after about 10 days in children and two to three weeks in adults. At the same time, gradual restoration of hearing can be observed.

What folk remedies for the ingested ear are most often used, is indicated in this article.

Skip the occurrence of otitis is quite difficult: the disease itself will give a signal in the form of a strong shooting pain.

At the slightest suspicion on an otitis of any localization it is necessary to address immediately to the doctor. Timely treatment significantly increases the chances of getting rid of otitis without the use of antibiotics and strong medications. Otitis in children and adults has the same nature and symptoms. Children's ear diseases develop more rapidly, but also go much faster. Prophylaxis of otitis of different complexity will consist in hardening and vitaminization of organisms, timely treatment of infectious diseases of different localization.

ProLor.ru

Otitis in the child: symptoms, treatment, prevention

When the ears begin to ache, even experienced parents can lose self-control from whims and tears. In order to effectively combat the disease, it is necessary to know the enemy, which is called "in person warned - means armed.

What is otitis media?

Under otitis means any inflammation of the ear. Distinguish:

The external ear (the auricle and the external ear canal to the tympanic membrane) whose inflammation will be external otitis. Here, the first place is played by furuncles caused by staphylococci and fungal lesions of the auditory canal.
The middle ear that begins behind the tympanic membrane and includes the tympanum, the Eustachian tube, the cells of the mastoid process and the antrum. Inflammations in this department are called otitis media. This is the most common ear pathology in children.
Internal otitis is also called labyrinthitis. In this inflammation affects the cochlea, its vestibule or semicircular canals.

Who is guilty?

The average otitis develops against a bacterial (less often viral) infection. The most common cause of its development is aggressive streptococcal or staphylococcal flora. Most often, it enters the ear cavity through the Eustachian tube, balancing the pressure between the ear and the nasal cavity. Therefore very often otitis is the outcome of the common cold.

A prerequisite for the development of otitis media is a significant decrease in local immunity in the child's body, more prone to ear infections:

suffering from rickets (see p. symptoms and treatment of rickets in infants)
anemia
lack of weight
chronic pathologies of ENT organs
exudative diathesis
extreme forms of immunodeficiency takes with diabetes, AIDS and leukemia.

But even a child without severe somatic diseases can become a victim of otitis with trivial hypothermia. The fact is that the external ear canal of a child, unlike an adult, does not have an S-shaped curvature. Therefore, any flow of cold air can provoke otitis in a child, the symptoms of otitis will directly depend on the location of the inflammation.

Manifestations of otitis media

With external otitis, the symptoms in children may vary depending on the severity of the process.

A furuncle of the ear or auditory canal will manifest reddening, swelling, the appearance of an inflammatory tubercle, which gradually will change color from red to bluish. In the center of inflammatory education a purulent stem will form. Until the tissues melt to pus, the pain will be very intense. After the death of the receptors, it will become a little less. After the boil opens and the necrotic stem leaves, there will be a deep wound that will heal with the formation of a hem.
Fungal otitis externa is characterized by the appearance of crusts and scaling in the ear passage against the background of a fungal infection. There is also itching.
The average otitis can be divided into catarrhal otitis and purulent. Qatar is when inflammation caused by microbes is manifested in the form of redness, swelling and inconstant pain of a stabbing or shooting character. Depending on the severity of the inflammation, the intensity of pain varies, from weak to unbearable. The pain may be located inside the ear or be given to the cheek, temple, throat. This is due to the common nerve, which supplies the tympanum and oropharynx. Pain can be combined with ear congestion.
Since the formation of the abscess on the tympanic membrane, they speak of a purulent otitis. In addition to the pain for him is typical of hearing loss. If the abscess breaks, a purulent effusion with an admixture of blood follows from the ear. Later, the eardrum heals with the formation of a scar, after which the hearing is restored. With a significant defect, the membrane can not completely heal, and then there will be hearing problems.

Also, the child will be disturbed by temperature rises and intoxication (muscle, joint and headaches, weakness and weakness).

In addition to acute otitis media, a chronic inflammatory process can develop, which is divided into exudative otitis media, purulent or adhesive. Exudative and adhesive otitis variants have mild manifestations in the form of noise in the ears (causes) and hearing loss. Adhesive (adhesive) otitis is the result of the proliferation of connective tissue and fibrosis of the tympanum and tympanic membrane.
In chronic purulent process, there is a periodic leakage from the ear and a persistent decrease in hearing due to the perforating perforation of the tympanic membrane.
The labyrinthitis is manifested by pain, hearing loss and dizziness (cause), since the body involved in the process is an organ of balance that is conjugated to the inner ear.

How to suspect an otitis at home?

Older children may well complain of pain in the ear and even talk about what kind of pain and where it gives. It is much harder with kids up to two years old who can not really talk and just cry in response to pain (including, and on otitis). Symptoms in infants at this pathology are not specific:

on the thought of inflammation of the middle ear can push the child's anxiety
his unmotivated crying
abandonment of a breast or bottle
also children can grasp handles for a sore ear
to turn one's head from side to side
if you press on a tragus of a sick ear, a child's anxiety or crying is aggravated by the intensification of pain

For any suspected otitis, the child should immediately be shown to a pediatrician or an ENT doctor.

How does a doctor determine otitis?

The otolaryngologist has such a simple and convenient device as an ear mirror. With its help, you can see changes in the external ear canal, the tympanic membrane. Thus, the average otitis corresponds to changes in the light cone in the eardrum. With the same purpose the doctor can use the otoscope.

First aid for otitis

If the visit to the doctor is postponed for objective reasons (although it is not possible to delay it), and the child is worried and crying, the first thing to do if you suspect otitis anesthetize the ear.

For this purpose, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used that have the property of suppressing inflammation, temperature and pain. Children are allowed paracetamol derivatives (tayled, kalpol, efferalgan, panadol, tylenol), ibuprofen (nurofen, ibuklin) and naproxen (cefecon) Review of all antipyretics for children, with dosages and prices. You can use syrup, tablets or rectal suppositories.

The second remedy for otitis media is ear drops Otypaks (170-250 rub), Otirelaks (140 rub) This a combined preparation containing anti-inflammatory phenazone and a local anesthetic of lidocaine hydrochloride. It must be remembered that otipaksom can be used only if the tympanic membrane has not been damaged (the ear did not flow). In infants instilled by 2 drops, and in children older than two years, 3-4 drops in each ear.

How correctly to drip drops?

Before burying drops, the bottle should be warmed to room temperature. In infants, the temperature can be up to 36 degrees. Alternatively, the drops are poured from the vial into a warm spoon, and then pipetted.
The child must be placed with the ear up and pull the auricle back and down to spread the auditory canal.
After the drops are dipped, the child is kept up in his ear for at least ten minutes, so that the medicine does not leak.
In children, drops are buried in both ears, since the process is usually two-sided.
A baby sucking a pacifier needs to be removed before dropping drops. In combination with a stuffy nose, a pacifier can cause a barotrauma of the tympanic membrane.

Treatment of external otitis media

Furuncle of the external ear (purulent otitis) is treated according to the classical scheme. At the stage of infiltration (before the formation of the rod) with anti-inflammatory agents and alcohol compresses for the purpose of resorption. After the rod is formed - surgical opening of the abscess with drainage of the cavity, washing Hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine, Miramistin and subsequent ointment dressings with levomekolom to the full wound healing. When intoxication, high temperature, lymphadenitis, antibiotics are connected.

Fungal lesions of the auditory canal are treated with antifungal ointments (clotrimazole, candid, flucanazole) at need to designate systemic antifungal agents in tablets (amphotericin, griseofulvin, mycosyst). As a rule, in children up to two years of age, systemic antifungal agents are not used.

Treatment of otitis media

The smallest preference is given to local treatment. For them, systemic antibiotics - too heavy a load on the immune system and intestines (see. list of probiotics, analogues of Linex). Therefore, very strict indications are given for antibiotics:

Hyperthermia within three days of the onset of local therapy
severe intoxication
poorly docked pain that prevents a child from sleeping and eating normally

Drops in the ears are used by the course for seven to ten days. During this period, the child is necessarily examined by an otolaryngologist to be sure of the positive dynamics of the inflammation or to correct the treatment if the result is unsatisfactory.

In older (from two years) children, therapy also begins with ear drops, supplemented with anti-inflammatory drugs (see. First aid for otitis).

A prerequisite for the treatment of otitis media is getting rid of the common cold. With untreated rhinitis, there are risks of re-development of middle ear inflammation. For this purpose, antiviral (interferon), antibacterial (drops - isofra, polidex, protorgol) and combined (vibrocil) drops are used.

Drops in the ears

- Otypaxcombines anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
- Sulfacil sodium (albucid) - a universal antimicrobial and antiviral agent.
- Otofa- antibacterial drug based on antibiotic rifamycin.
Albucid and otofa are not contraindicated in the case of perforation of the tympanic membrane.
- Polidex- children older than two and a half years have the opportunity to use polydix (a combination of antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin with the addition of hormonal anti-inflammatory dexamethasone).

Course treatment is carried out from seven to ten days. During this time, it is quite possible to cure uncomplicated catarrhal otitis in a child. Treatment should be prescribed and monitored by an ENT doctor.

Antibiotics in tablets, suspensions or injections

Requirements for these drugs: safety, non-toxicity, achieving sufficient concentrations at the site of inflammation, Preservation of therapeutic doses for a long time (no less than eight hours for a comfortable multiplicity of receptions for day). The duration of antibiotic therapy is seven days, except for drugs that are able to accumulate and retain therapeutic concentrations in the blood for a week or ten days (for example, azithromycin, which is prescribed for three to five days).

Penicillins. Preferred semisynthetic (oxacillin, amoxicillin, flemoxin, ampicillin, carbenicillin) and inhibitor-protected, allowing to resist resistant strains of microbes (amoksiklav, flemoklav, augmentin, unazin, sultamitsillin, ampaksid).
Cephalosporins of the second (cefuroxime, cefaclor) of the third (ceftibutene, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefazidime) and the fourth (cefepime) generations.
Macrolides now displace cephalosporins. More convenient in dosing, the duration of the course and the forms of administration (tablets, suspension). Treatment of otitis media in children is carried out with azithromycin (azitral, sumamed, chemomycin), clarithromycin.
Aminoglycosides are the drugs of choice if there is staphylococcal purulent otitis in a child. Treatment with kanamycin, gentamycin, sizomycin, amikacin is carried out mainly permanently due to nephrotoxicity.

To the peculiarities of antibiotic therapy in children it is necessary to include the refusal to use fluoroquinolones, since they are contraindicated for children under 18 years old, as well as to reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant infections.

To the question of antihistamines

Classic treatment regimens for otitis media suggest prescribing antihistamines to reduce the allergic component of inflammation and reduce edema. Recommended second and third generation drugs that do not cause drowsiness or have a minimal sedative effect: claritin, desloratadine, loratadine, clarixens, cetirizine, ketotifen (see. medicines for allergies).

However, today a number of specialists (primarily American, conducting selective clinical studies involving children-children) believe that the use of this group of drugs in otitis is inappropriate, since there is no direct relationship between their use and the rate of cure disease. To date, the issue remains open, as there are still no full standards for the treatment of acute otitis in children.

Treatment of labyrinthitis

Since the process can easily be complicated by meningeal inflammation, sepsis and even disorders of cerebral circulation, the treatment is carried out under stationary conditions. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and dehydrating drugs are used. If necessary, surgical intervention is performed.

Treatment of otitis media folk remedies

Traditional methods of treating otitis in children are quite diverse, but it should be noted that turning a child into a testing ground is not humane and reckless. Of course, in the field, when a doctor and a pharmacy are unavailable, a person will resort to any improvised means to alleviate the pain, suffering of the child. Therefore, we will focus on the most appropriate and less harmful for children's health folk remedies against otitis (ear inflammation).

External otitis, flowing in the form of a furuncle in the stage of infiltration (with reddened tubercle without a purulent stem), as well as the average catarrhal otitis in children is susceptible to folk remedies. You can use a vodka or alcoholic compress or lotion:

boric, camphor alcohol or vodka are applied to a gauze pad that is applied to the ear area
Polyethylene film or wax paper is placed on top
the dressing is strengthened with a scarf or scarf
exposure time from 15 to 30 minutes (the younger the child, the shorter the procedure time)
Decently resolves infiltrates and iodine
Also apply and leaves of an aloe, cutting them in half and applying to an abscess a cut of a leaf

No heating procedures for otitis are allowed. Treatment with alcohol-containing solutions is strictly prohibited in children up to a year, even for external use. In older children it is also not desirable, especially it is contraindicated to use for medical purposes with medical alcohol in undiluted form. It is better to use camphor, boric spirits or vodka. Burying boric or camphor alcohol in the ear is acceptable, but only in children older than 6 years - not more than 2 drops.

In fungal lesions of the auditory canal, people rub it with a solution of soda (not to be confused with instillation or washing). Soda creates an alkaline environment in which mushrooms do not breed well, but can not completely cure the fungal infection.

Sollux (blue lamp) is a thermal procedure, shown with a noggin otitis. However, in everyday life, nocturnal otitis from purulent is difficult to distinguish, especially since a bacterial infection can not be heated. Therefore, any folk methods should be coordinated with the treating pediatrician.

Prevention of otitis

Rational ear hygiene. It is inadmissible to clean the ears of a child with improvised means, to penetrate deep into the ear canal.
After bathing, the baby needs to shake out or get wet from the ear.
Children under one year should not be in drafts without head covers covering their ears.
It is necessary to treat all diseases of ENT organs (sore throats, tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis) in time and fully. Bilateral otitis in the child often develops against the background of the common cold.

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Signs of otitis: to know the enemy in person

Otitis is one of those diseases that a person has known since childhood. Especially often, otitis is observed in very young children because of the anatomical features of the ear structure. If at this age the disease does not start, then the child has all chances to outgrow the activity of otitis. However, this does not mean that adults are rarely sick with this disease. On the contrary, the adult person almost always ignores the danger of viruses, influenza, which leads to frequent complications in the ENT organs.

After reading this article it becomes clear whether it is necessary to drink antibiotics when otitis or not.

The habit of transferring the virus of any etiology to the feet, even using antibiotics or antiviral, always gives consequences.Only in youth, this can go with impunity because of the young organism. But even then the otitis can hit so hard that it makes an invalid.

Types of otitis and features of the course of the disease

Otitis combines a large number of varieties and types. In itself, otitis is not a diagnosis, but only a generalizing concept, which means an inflammatory process in one of the three parts of the ear.

The disease is divided not only by species, but also by its criteria:

by the nature of the inflammation: catarrhal (without pus), purulent, exudative (with the formation of fluid);
by type of disease: chronic or acute;
on the location of the lesion: internal, medium or external;
by the time of otitis: up to three weeks acute, up to three months subacute, from three months already chronic;
by source of disease: allergic, infectious, bacterial, traumatic;

Each species has a common for the class and individual for the type of symptoms. Classification of otitis includes up to two dozen varieties. Separately it is necessary to stop on the most frequent in practice:

outer;
interior;
average (otitis media of the middle ear);
allergic;
traumatic.

How is treated bilateral acute catarrhal otitis media, you can find out by reading this article.

Why do my ears ache?

Otitis often becomes an unpleasant complication of advanced infections and colds

In children, the most common cause of the disease is the unusual structure of the ear. Over time, the ear changes and acquires a normal structure, which reduces the risk of otitis.But in some cases, otitis becomes chronic and will accompany a person all his life.In this case, he will always be at risk.

What good ear drops for otitis most often apply, you can learn from this article.

Most often, otitis appears as a secondary disease, not being the main one. This can be a consequence of the flu, and the consequence of infection of the nasopharynx. Despite the fact that the throat, ear and nose are inseparable, only two organs almost always come in a duet: nose and ear. Rhinitis, sinusitis and even a simple rhinitis can easily provoke an otitis. That is why ear treatment almost always begins with examination of nasal sinuses. No lor will not treat otitis until the nose is cured.

Otitis becomes a complication of advanced infections and colds, especially if bed rest. And the scope of otitis can be much more aggressive than a provocative disease. The presence of large adenoids, an incorrect septum of the nose also causes otitis.

What ear drops for otitis in adults are the most effective, you can find out by reading this article.

Rotten teeth, especially the upper jaw, can also become a source of the bunch: sinusitis-otitis.

Cold weather, freezing of ears and the parotid zone - this all can cause a disease of acute form. For external otitis, an insect bite may suffice and attempt to scratch the bite site. But more often the cause is in the fungus or the wrong cleaning of sulfur plugs.

How to recognize otitis media?

The danger of otitis is that some of its forms are painless. But not enough to not suspect health problems. For example, a patient may have a serious disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. This is because the ear and peritoneum have one single nerve. That is, with otitis may not be present usual signs, but there will be problems with the stomach or intestines.

The first sign is a feeling of stuffiness in the patient's ear. The patient stinks, while feeling the heaviness of the head, headache, noise in the ear.

The acute form begins more aggressively:

temperature;
feeling of pressure and ripple in the ear;
strong pain. Can be shooting, aching, amplified by night;
headache.

How to treat and which medications Adhesive otitis media is indicated in the content of this article.

With purulent forms of internal otitis, perforation of the tympanic membrane can occur.The process is unpredictable, can last for weeks, and can ripen and break the membrane for a day. With the formation of an opening or rupture, the pain subsides almost completely, fluid begins to flow out of the ear. Depending on the inflammation and the size of the rupture, it can be many or negligible.

In any case, the presence of fluid in the ear - a direct indication for emergency care of the otolaryngologist!

External otitis develops not so aggressively, but also accompanied by pains and even currents from a diseased organ of hearing. But this pain is not so violent, usually aching. In addition to pain, there may be a temperature if the process is purulent, but not high. The pain is localized in the outer ear, that is, in the shell itself or behind it. A tragus may hurt: a nipple protrusion on the ear. It hurts to touch the cartilage on the back of the ear.

What antibiotics for otitis in children are most often chosen, you can find out by reading the article.

With some otitis, the small auricle covers the ear shell, the ear itself blushes and becomes inflamed. Patient with external otitis painful to chew or open mouth.

How to diagnose?

Usually a standard examination is sufficient to establish the type of otitis and severity of the disease

To diagnose an otitis can only lor at direct survey of a sick ear. Usually the inspection is carried out by a special device, similar to a small funnel. Inside this funnel can be a little lighting. The device is injected into the ear as deeply as possible so that the doctor can see not only the passage, but also the eardrum itself. In 90% of this examination is enough to accurately establish the type of otitis and determine the state of gravity.

How is Bullous otitis in children treated and in what terms is indicated in the article.

Diagnosis of otitis necessarily includes examination of the sinuses. If signs of a ligament of a rhinitis with otitis are found out, at first the doctor is engaged in a nose.

Methods of treatment

Treatment of otitis depends on the form, type and state of severity of the patient. If otitis catarrhal, single, the patient's condition is satisfactory, the disease is treated at home. From drugs for the treatment of otitis antibiotics are prescribed, for example, Cefatoxin, course for five days. The drug Norsdex, which is actively used for otitis of any form, became popular. In the absence of temperature, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed.

Sometimes it is advisable to use the "blue lamp" as an additional warm-up. However, its use is limited and it is necessary to coordinate with the doctor the possibility of using.

During the treatment period, the ear is kept warm and protected from moisture.

More complex otitis is treated in the hospital for 5-7 days, then released under the supervision of the district doctor. Complex otitis media is usually treated in combination with sinusitis or sinusitis. Therefore, in addition to antibiotics, Miramistin must be taken into the nose with a cold or rinsing with a saline solution. Additionally, drops in the nose are prescribed, for example, Otrivin.

Folk methods

Broths of chamomile and sage will help to stop the inflammation faster and strengthen the body as a whole

In the treatment of otitis folk methods are priceless only in conjunction with traditional methods. When otitis is very useful to put warming turundas with boric alcohol or plain vodka. Also on the basis of alcohol, you can prepare a compress for the ear. In the gauze make a slit for the ear, moisten with warm boric or plain alcohol. Apply to the ear, tightly cover with cotton and leave until the morning.Important: such heating is useful only with the permission of the doctor!Because it can have the opposite effect: activate the pathological process and accelerate it.

It is useful to make home drops for the nose, if the otitis in combination with the common cold. This is perfect for sea buckthorn oil. For strengthening, you can add a few drops of aloe. Aloe can be dripped and separately, only necessarily diluted with either oil or water.

It is very useful to help the body with chamomile infusions and sage. Fresh broths will help to quickly stop the inflammation and strengthen the body as a whole. It will be good to add infusions from cowberries or dogrose: you can drink as compotes. During this period, it is important to strengthen the immune system, which will quickly kill the infection.

How to understand what a baby otitis and how to fight this disease, you can find out by reading the article.

Possible complications

The most serious complications after the transferred otitis are:

damage to the cerebral cortex;
meningitis.

Complications can not be predicted by any doctor. It can develop several months later or manifest itself immediately. To insure yourself against this can only be timely treatment and careful consideration of the recommendations of the attending physician.

Video

Watch a video about one of the common types of otitis:

Diseases of the ENT organs are so common as they are dangerous. It is unlikely that anyone will think to cure a cold, go to the doctor. And only when a person faces the threat of hearing loss, hearing loss, he pays time to health. Today, otitis treatment is not considered difficult, the schemes are already "run-in" to automatism. It is necessary to understand only that it is impossible to start otitis!