Uzi knee and shoulder joints: what shows?

Diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound of joints

In medical practice, ultrasonic examination of the musculoskeletal system began to be used in the mid-1990s This significantly increased the opportunities for timely detection of diseases of large and small articulations.

Ultrasound of joints refers to an effective examination, which is performed using ultrasonic waves of a certain frequency. The diagnostic technique is used in traumatology, orthopedics, rheumatology, sports medicine.

This allows to diagnose pathological changes in vessels, nerves, intraarticular structures and periarticular soft tissues.

Advantages of the methodology

Ultrasound of joints has a lot of advantages over other diagnostic methods and is carried out in hospitals of different levels: regional, regional, regional.

1. Ultrasonic waves do not generate harmful effects on the health of ionizing radiation, so the examination can be assigned repeatedly in the diagnosis of diseases and injuries. The technique is not contraindicated in pregnant women, the elderly with severe chronic pathologies and even children of early age.
2. Using ultrasound, the structure of the joints and the condition of the periarticular tissues are examined: cartilage, synovial membrane, meniscus, ligaments, articular bag, tendons, vessels, muscles, nerves. In addition, it is possible to detect the presence of inclusions in the joint cavity, inflammatory exudate, hemorrhage, the amount of joint fluid.
3. The technique allows to conduct examination in different positions of the joint, which increases the efficiency of diagnosis. During the procedure, the doctor has the opportunity to communicate with the patient and monitor his condition.
4. Ultrasound is successfully used to monitor ongoing treatment and the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.
5. Ultrasound is used during intraarticular injections, which helps to reduce the likelihood of complications.
6. The democratic cost of ultrasound ensures the availability of diagnostics for the general public. At the same time, it has good informativeness and high accuracy of results.

The image of the knee joint on the monitor screen of the ultrasound apparatus

It should be remembered that ultrasonic waves do not penetrate through dense bone tissue. For examination of bones, an x-ray examination or an MRI is prescribed.

Therefore, when diagnosing the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the doctor usually does not need to ask what to do - x-rays or ultrasound. For each survey method, there are clear indications, sometimes they are conducted in parallel to identify the true cause of the pathological process.

The technique is capable to reveal any inflammatory, traumatic, degenerative-dystrophic processes in the joints.

Only with the pathology of the cruciate ligament of the knee, the central sections of the meniscus and the areas of the cartilage that are not determined due to bone tissue, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is prescribed.

Indications

Problems of the musculoskeletal system associated with age-related changes in the body can appear at the age of 45-50 years.

Therefore, doctors recommend to undergo preventive examinations of knee and hip joints, which carry a heavy load during movement and are more likely to develop arthrosis.

When joint pain occurs during movement and resting, crunching, swelling, or redness of the skin over the joint, stiffness gait after a night's sleep, reduce tolerance to the load should make an appointment with the doctor for a timely diagnostics.

Cabinet of ultrasound examination

Ultrasound of joints is prescribed in the following cases:

• trauma of limbs in violation of the integrity of large and small joints (rupture of ligaments, muscles, tendons);
• defects of the horns of the meniscus;
• exudate in the joint cavity;
• cysts of the synovium;
• rheumatological diseases (reactive, rheumatoid, rheumatoid arthritis);
• gout;
• specific and nonspecific arthritis (streptococcal, tubercular, syphilitic);
• arthrosis;
• Becker's cyst;
• dysplastic processes of the hip joints;
• tumors;
• the pathology of blood vessels and nerves in the articulation area;
• dislocation or subluxation of the hip joint in a child within a year after birth;
• control of the therapy in the pathology of the musculoskeletal system.

Ultrasound examination of the knee joint

The ultrasound of the knee is appointed in the event of pain, crunch, swelling, neoplasms in the articulation.

At the same time, the intraarticular surfaces of the bones and the thickness of the hyaluronic cartilage, the meniscus anterior and posterior horns, the pockets joint, quadriceps femoris tendons, lateral ligaments, patellar fatty body, joint space width, synovial membrane, articular a bag. It is possible to detect excessive synthesis of synovial fluid, the presence of exudate inside the articulation, the presence of chondromic bodies and particles of destroyed cartilage.

Ultrasound of the knee - the most common examination of joints with the help of sound waves

The study is carried out in the supine position on the couch, first on the back. In this case, under the lower limbs in the popliteal fossa is placed a roller.

White indicates high density tissue, gray indicates tissue with lower density, and black indicates cavity formations. First study the anterolateral surface of the knee joint.

After the patient turns over on the abdomen, and the sensor examines the posterior surface of the articulation in the popliteal fossa region. In arthrosis, the paired joint is examined even in the absence of a clinical picture for the early diagnosis of pathological changes.

Uzi ankle joint and toes

Uzi ankle joint and small joints of the toes are performed with rupture of ligaments, chronic inflammation of intraarticular structures and soft tissues, investigation of the Achkhil tendon.

The use of the duplex Vessel Research allows differential diagnosis edema and pain syndrome, which are caused by trauma or a violation of the outflow of blood through the venous vessels feet.

The ankle joint is performed in the prone position, the procedure is the same as for the examination of the knee joint.

Examination of the elbow joint

The ultrasound of the elbow joint determines the contours of the cartilaginous tissue, the width of the joint cavity, the condition of the capsule, the tendons of the muscles of the shoulder and forearm, the medial and lateral epicondyle, the nerves (median, radial, elbow). The examination of nerves with the help of modern apparatuses exceeds the costly diagnosis by MRT. The procedure is carried out according to the standard technique in the sitting or lying position with the use of anterior, posterior, medial, lateral access. Ultrasound of the elbow joint is more often prescribed for the detection of sports diseases and occupational pathologies, such as the habitual trauma of the biceps tendon of the shoulder or the "elbow of the tennis player".

To prevent complications, injections of drugs into the joint are carried out under the supervision of ultrasound

Ultrasonic diagnostics of the wrist joint

Ultrasound of the wrist joint shows pathology of tendons of flexors and extensors of articulation, vessels, nerves, muscle groups. In addition, you can explore the soft tissues of the fingers.

By indirect signs determine the fractures of the bones of the wrist, which sometimes can not be detected by X-ray examination. The procedure makes it possible to carry out dynamic diagnostics, which increases the informative value of the results.

On the effectiveness of identifying diseases in the field of wrist and hand and ultrasound is not inferior to the MRI method, but it is much cheaper.

Uzi of the shoulder joint

Due to the uzi of the shoulder joint, the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle, supraspinatus, subscapular, subacute muscle, articular bag, shoulder-scapular and clavicular-acromial articulation, posterior lip, intraarticular cartilage.

The examination is carried out in a sitting position on a rotating chair, while the hands lie on their knees. In the course of the procedure, the doctor changes the position of the examined limb for better visualization of anatomical structures.

The uzi of the shoulder joint is often the diagnosis of choice and is not inferior in many parameters of MRI.

Conduction of ultrasound for confirmation of hip dysplasia

Ultrasound examination of the hip joint

Research of hip joints by ultrasound in adults is rarely prescribed. With pathology in this area, MRI is more informative.

However, it is ultrasonic waves that can detect a small amount of effusion in the articulation. Most often, the technique is used in newborns and children under one year with suspected pelvic dysplasia.

The diagnostic procedure can be performed at any age, at the same time, the earlier the examination is assigned, the greater the chance of a full recovery.

In adults, ultrasound is difficult due to anatomical features of the joint and fat deposition in case of overweight.

Ultrasound examination of joints refers to an effective, safe and accessible method of instrumental diagnosis.

It allows to identify injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system due to a good visualization of soft tissues and intra-articular structures.

The possibility of frequent prescribing allows the use of ultrasound to monitor the effectiveness of ongoing therapy and rehabilitation, which improves the effectiveness of the therapeutic process.

A source: http://MoyaSpina.ru/diagnostika/diagnosticheskie-vozmozhnosti-uzi-sustavov

What shows the ultrasound of the joints of various parts of the body

Ultrasound (ultrasound) is one of the diagnostic methods used for joint diseases.

It differs informativeness, accessibility and painlessness, besides, it allows to reveal the reasons for which a person experiences pain during walking and with moderate physical exertion.

Due to timely research, early diagnosis of disorders in the tissues of mobile connections leading to pain and limited movements is possible.

What is examined with ultrasound of joints

Joints are necessary for the performance of motor function. Thanks to them, a person can maintain the position of the body or move around in space. In total, there are 180 joints that provide a slip between the bones.

Human joints form epiphyses - rounded, enlarged to the end sections of tubular bones. Joints are fixed with the help of ligaments and an articular capsule. Its outer layer is a capsular ligament. It is a continuation of the periosteum of the bone.

It consists of fabrics of fibrous structure, differing in density and elasticity. Inside the capsule is the synovial membrane. It is formed from a connective tissue of low density and covers the joint surface together with cartilage.

Articular cartilage - a tissue thickness from, to, mm, filled with liquid. They have no nerves and blood vessels. They are fed by the synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane of the joint capsule.

The fluid contains immune defense cells - phagocytes. They prevent the development of germs in the body cavity. During the injury, the amount of synovial fluid increases, preventing friction. As a result, swelling may occur.

As the healing process, the additional fluid is absorbed by the membrane.

Also reducing the friction is facilitated by "bags" with synovial fluid. They are located between the bone and the tendons, ligaments, muscles. Amortizing function in the knee joint is performed by joint discs (menisci).

The tissue of the organ has a different density.

The reflected signals go to the sensor and are processed by the processor of the device, which builds up a two-dimensional image of the organ.

With the help of ultrasound, the degree of changes in the joint tissues is assessed, the cause of the painful sensations is revealed. The application of the method of sonography during the survey allows an objective assessment of the state of cartilage and soft tissues, ligaments, tendons, and the level of synovial fluid.

In what cases is it necessary to conduct uzi

Ultrasound does not adversely affect the patient's body, so for the diagnosis of joint diseases in the elderly, children, women during pregnancy. The method is suitable for determining the dynamics of the development of diseases.

There are a number of indications for determining the state of tissues by ultrasound:

• the presence of symptoms indicating the development of rheumatoid arthritis: joint pain, difficulty in exercising motor function, compaction and edema of tissues;
• degenerative-dystrophic changes in joints as a result of metabolic disorders;
• trauma, the results of which were ruptures of tendons or ligaments, edema, hemorrhages, fractures;
• chronic inflammatory processes, affecting the tissues of the periarticular bag, soft tissues;
• early diagnosis of arthrosis in people with flat feet, which is considered as one of the predisposing factors of the development of the disease;
• before taking a joint puncture to analyze the fluid in it;
• Diagnosis of neoplasms revealed by palpation;
• Diagnosis of hip dysplasia in newborns.

Through the conduct of ultrasound, rheumatologist, surgeon or orthopedist analyze the condition:

• articular capsule, fluid;
• bone surface;
• adjacent soft tissues;
• tendons;
• ligaments.

Thanks to the ultrasound method, it is possible not only to diagnose the disease first, but also to check the effectiveness of the therapy used in case of a previously revealed pathology, to prevent the recurrence of the disease.

And it is possible to conduct an ultrasound scan every time, as there is a need, since the procedure has no contraindications.

The only obstacle to research is the overweight of the patient.

Subject mobile connections

The objects of investigation for ultrasound diagnostics are:

• joints of the upper extremity belt, which connect the humerus, links of free limbs and their components;
• joints of the lower extremities connecting the bones of the hip, lower leg, and foot.
• temporomandibular joints.

Ultrasound of the shoulder joint with trauma

This method is effective in the following cases:

• occurrence of shoulder injury;
• the development of inflammatory processes accompanied by pain;
• crunch when exercising motor function.

Thanks to the ultrasound diagnostic method, you can obtain status information:

• tendons of biceps brachial muscles;
• subcutaneous, subscapular, supramarginal muscles;
• bags of the joint;
• a humerus-acromial articulation;
• intraarticular cartilage.

In the course of diagnosis, tears and tendon injuries can be detected; inflammation of the tendon sheaths.

During the procedure, the patient assumes sitting position, leaving his hands on his knees, while the doctor may ask to change the position of the limb.

Ultrasonography of the elbow joint

The elbow joint is surrounded by a cluster of muscles. In its formation, the shoulder, elbow and radius bones are involved.

Indications for examination:

• bruises and injuries;
• Changes resulting from sports or professional activities.

During the diagnosis, the doctor evaluates the condition of ligaments, tissues, tendons.

Ultrasound of the wrist and hand

Due to the high resolving power of the ultrasound machine, when examining the joints of the wrist and wrist joint, it is possible to assess the condition of the thin tendons, ligaments. The method makes it possible to identify fractures that are indistinguishable from an X-ray examination.

As a result of the study, pathologies are revealed:

• tenosynovitis - effusion, localized in the synovial vagina of the tendon, which causes a thickening of the synovial membrane;
• rupture of the tendon - is observed in rare cases (the cause can be chronic autoimmune or endocrine diseases: arthritis, diabetes, as well as injuries are observed in basketball players, pianists, surgeons).

Ultrasound of the hip joint

The hip joint in adults is rarely examined by ultrasound, since the study is characterized by low informativeness. In this case, it is more expedient to carry out MRI. Despite this, indications for ultrasound diagnosis are:

• necrotic changes in the head of the tibia;
• arthritis;
• arthrosis;
• synovitis.

In the process of examination, an effusion in the joint cavity can be detected, with the application of sonography, muscle ruptures, edema are fixed.

Ultrasound of the hip joints of the child is recommended to be carried out at the age of 1 to 6 months. During this period, treatment is most effective. Detailed information about this type of research can be found in this video.

Ultrasound of the knee joint

In comparison with other joints, the knee joint is large in size, complex in structure and susceptible to trauma during movement. Using the ultrasound method, you can assess the condition of ligaments and tendons, connective tissues, fatty tissue and vascular-neural bundles.

Indications for the procedure are:

• bruises and injuries;
• acute and chronic pain in the knee, caused by inflammatory processes and degenerative-dystrophic diseases;
• presence of bone tissue tumors;
• osteochondropathy;
• change the appearance of the skin, swelling of the knee;
• crunching, clicks when driving.

During the examination, the doctor assesses: the contours of the joint, the bone condition, the amount and composition of the synovial fluid (it can have inclusions similar to threads or flakes), the state of the cartilage, the size of the joint gap, the thickness of the capsule, the condition of the meniscus horns (medial, lateral).

Ultrasound of the ankle

The ankle joint serves as a mechanism for joining the tibial, fibular and talus bones.

It is formed by the epiphysis of the tibia and is characterized by a large amount of ligaments. In the process of ultrasound diagnosis, the Achilles tendon is being examined in parallel.

It is formed by the fibers of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and forms a bag of the calcaneal tendon.

Indications for examination of the ankle by ultrasound:

The athletes, engaged in running, skiing, jumping, are most prone to ankle injury.

For them, typical injuries are: podtatyvanie foot, its rotation relative to the longitudinal axis of the shin.

As a result, ligaments are damaged, which is easily diagnosed by ultrasound.

Ultrasound of temporomandibular joints

Diseases of temporomandibular joints occur in about 65% of the adult population and 30% of children. Causes - errors in therapeutic treatment, prosthetics and correction of occlusion, surgical intervention, trauma.

Indication for the study:

• pain near the ear;
• difficulty in chewing, talking;
• crunching and clicking when opening or closing the mouth;
• pain in the head or ears, dizziness;
• creaking teeth at night;
• injuries;
• medical manipulations with jaw, teeth.

The sizes, the shape of the articular head and the disc, the presence of the sites of ossification are subject to evaluation; amplitude of mobility of the head; disc position relative to the head; the size of the capsular-condylar and capsular-cervical space; structure and dimensions of the bilaminar zone; dimensions of the joint space and capsules. There is a presence of fluid with hematomas and tumor-like formations, standing muscles and ligaments.

During the diagnosis, not only the joint, which is the main cause of the ailment, but also symmetrical to it is examined.

Despite the possible absence of pain or discomfort, asymmetric pathological changes can develop in the symmetrical joint, which is most typical for rheumatic diseases.

Ultrasound diagnosis of joints is an accessible, safe, highly informative research method, allowing to determine pathological processes in soft tissues and intraarticular components, to put the correct diagnosis and coordinate process of treatment.

A source: http://prosustav.ru/diagnosis/uzi/uzi-sustavov-chto-pokazyvaet.html

Uzi joints: features of the procedure

Modern apparatus for performing ultrasound examinations allow to assess the state of the following bone joints:

• upper extremity: elbow, shoulder, wrist joints;
• lower limb: ankle, hip, knee joints;
• head - mandibular joint of bones.

Indications for ultrasonography of bone joints

The reason for performing ultrasound examination of the joints can be:

• pain syndrome of any severity in the area of ​​joint bones;
• diseases of endocrine glands (very often accompanied by joint damage);
• difficulty in moving in the joint (from slight feeling of stiffness until complete immobility);
• injury in the joint;
• Excess weight in the patient (especially important for the joints of the legs).

Limitations for ultrasonography of bone connections

Perhaps the only contraindication for performing an ultrasound examination of the joint can be served only by the fact that there will be no mobility due to the disease in it. This is even difficult to call a contraindication, because it is possible to conduct a purely theoretical ultrasound, but only it will not reveal its functional state.

Characteristics of the most frequent studies of bone joints

Ultrasound of the hip joints

In medical practice, such a study is performed more often than ultrasound of other bone joints. This is all because it is screening (i.e. e.

reveals in the absence of symptoms) to determine the subluxation of the hip joint or its dysplasia.

Under the plan, it is carried out when the child turns one month, but if necessary, can be repeated at any age.

Before the study it is very important that the child is full, healthy and not irritated at all. Otherwise, it will not lie quietly, and this can distort the result. If the presence of pathology is recognized in a timely manner, adequate treatment can lead to complete recovery of the child.

Ultrasound of the shoulder joint

The study is conducted sitting. Previously, the patient must undress to the waist. The hand is asked in turn to give different positions:

• bend in an elbow at an angle of 90 ° and put it on the knee;
• divert sideways with a simultaneously turned up brush;
• attach it to the trunk, etc.

During this study, the following pathological signs can be detected:

• the presence of fluid in the joint (normally only a small amount is allowed);
• calcification of the joint walls;
• increased size of the joint bag;
• gipoehogennost tendon in the form of a rim;
• ruptures of tendons, articular capsule, cartilaginous tissue;
• unevenness and fragmentation of bones in fracture.

Ultrasound of the knee joint in pathology

In terms of prevalence, this is the most common study of bone joints after ultrasound of the hip joints. This is due to the high frequency of knee pathology.

It is not recommended to carry out this diagnostic procedure in the first five days after intra-articular injection.

The ultrasonic scanner of the knee joint is usually treated in various projections. Here are the most basic of them:

• anterior axial projection (patellar and femoral head are evaluated);
• anterior transverse projection (tibialis anterior condyles, hyaline cartilage);
• posterior lateral projection (posterior horn of lateral meniscus, articular cleft);
• posterior lateral projection (posterior condyle of the tibia);
• posterior axial projection (posterior horn of medial meniscus, tendon of semimembranous muscle).

There are many signs of pathology of the knee joint, determined by ultrasound. Doctors arbitrarily divide them into the following groups:

• traumatic changes: tendon ruptures, the presence of blood in the joint, fracture of the patella, etc .;
• degenerative changes: calcifications, narrowing of the joint gap, thinning of the hyaline cartilage, etc .;
• cysts (visualized in the form of delimited cavities with the presence of fluid and without it);
• dysplasia (malformation of the joint as a whole or its individual components);
• signs of the inflammatory process in the joint: the presence of effusion, thickening of the synovial membrane, etc .;
• signs of inflammation of the tendons (decrease in their echomolarity).

Ultrasound of the mandibular joint

According to statistics, every second person in the world appears in the area of ​​the mandibular joint of bones. It can be:

• injuries;
• changes in bite;
• degenerative changes.

Ultrasound examination of the mandibular joint should be carried out with the following complaints:

• difficulty in moving the lower jaw;
• painful syndrome in the parotid region in the absence of otitis media;
• causeless attacks of dizziness;
• sensation of crunch when moving the lower jaw;
• migraine with the spread of pain in the ear.

This study allows early detection of the following violations:

• thinning or even intermittent articular cartilage;
• changing the organization of the disk;
• presence of osteophytes, etc.

A source: http://LechenieSpiny.ru/content/uzi-sustavov-osobennosti-procedury

Uzi of joints (knee, shoulder and others): what shows, indications and preparation for ultrasound diagnosis

The joint is an important element of the musculoskeletal system, which is a dynamic dynamic connection of a number of bones of the skeleton. It is he who provides the basic movements in the form of flexion, extension, supination, abduction, pronation, rotation.

A number of pathologies and joint diseases can be identified by ultrasound - a convenient, inexpensive and functional alternative to classical methods of instrumental diagnosis of the musculoskeletal system, in particular MRI and X-ray.

Indications for ultrasound of joints

Ultrasound of joints can be prescribed as an alternative or an additional method of instrumental research in the following cases:

• If there is a suspicion of exudate in the joint cavity;
• With injuries of the lower or upper extremities;
• In cases of violation of integrity of small or medium articulations, mainly tendons, ligaments or adjacent muscle fibers;
• At any kinds of rheumatological diseases(arthritis of the reactive, rheumatic or rheumatoid spectrum);
• In cases of suspected arthrosis, gout, defect of the meniscus horns;
• When there is a cystic formation of the synovium;
• When there is streptococcal, tubercular or syphilitic arthritis;
• If you suspect a tumor(benign or malignant) or dysplasia in the joints, in the presence of cysts Becker, dysplastic pathologies of the hip joints, problems with nerves and vessels in the region joints;
• To control the process of therapy of other diseases, syndromes, pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.

Uzi knee joint in case of pain syndrome

It is usually prescribed when there is a pain syndrome, swelling, or a suspected neoplasm in the indicated localization.

The procedure of ultrasound is carried out in a horizontal position on the couch, under the popliteal cavity, a roller is placed in front of it.

The event itself allows you to visualize on the apparatus the main soft tissues and elements of the knee joint, including the surfaces of bones, horns of menisci, tendons, lateral ligaments, synovial membrane, articular bag, measure the width of the joint gap and the thickness of the hyaluronic cartilage.

In a general interpretation, white shades during visualization as a result of the Uzi knee joint show tissue structures with high density, gray - with less, and anechogenous areas are hollow formations.

The study begins with the anterolateral surface of the knee joint, after which similar measures are carried out with the posterior part in the localization of the popliteal fossa.

To obtain the most clear picture, emitters with a high-frequency generator from 12 to 18 Megahertz are used.

Possible pathologies:

• Traumatic injury. Change in the structure of the meniscus horns and the integrity of the ligamentous apparatus, the presence of blood clots and foreign inclusions in the joint bag;
• Inflammatory processes. Visually visible swelling synovial membrane element of the motor apparatus (using duplex scanning) with increased production of the corresponding fluid, less often (at the start of degenerative processes) - the accumulation of exudates inside the joint cavity, the destruction of articular cartilage (the presence of chondromic bodies and particles of destroyed cartilaginous structures);
• Degenerative and dystrophic pathologies. There are violations of contours of articular surfaces, deformation changes in menisci, effusions in joint bags with parallel accumulation of synovial fluid. There are also inflammatory processes in the surrounding soft tissue joints, cavitary chondromic bodies, and others.

Ultrasonic diagnosis of the ankle

It is prescribed in the presence of chronic inflammatory processes of intraarticular structures and accompanying soft tissues localization, with rupture of ligaments, studies of the Achilles tendon, the presence of the calcaneal spur, deformation of the foot, flat feet.

The procedure itself is performed by the duplex scanning technique, takes from 15 to 20 minutes, allows you to explore not only the tissues and individual elements of the ankle, but also the venous and vascular structure.

The patient is lying down or sitting on the couch: the localization to be examined is smeared with a special gel, after which the diagnostician switches on the ultrasonic wave emitter and, using the pickup sensor, produces contact scanning, observing a clear visual picture output by the output device using the data of the interpretation unit of the reflected sound fluctuations.

Ulcers of the elbow joint with ligament injuries

Assigned to damage to ligaments, tendons or muscles in the localization, in cases of detection of bursitis, pathologies of the vessels of the elbow region, the presence of hematomas, effusions, ganglion, lipomas, postoperative complications and other pathologies.

For ultrasound, a sensor with a frequency of 7-15 Megahertz, the scan is firstly flanked, and then the anterior, medial and posterior zone of the joint. The patient himself is in a sitting position facing the diagnostician, the hand is lying on the bed.

The main analysis is susceptible to the tendon of the extensor, biceps, general flexor, radial, ulnar and the median nerve, as well as the anterior joint, the ulnar fossa, the bag, the collateral ligament, the attachment of the triceps, and etc.

An ultrasound specialist seeks pathological changes within the framework of a deviation from the standards of anatomy, as well as vascularity.

Examination of wrist joint

It is assigned to search for pathologies of bone, soft tissues and elements of the wrist, wrist joint, in the presence of effusions, bursitis, damage to tendons and ligaments.

For the event, a sensor with a frequency of 10-15 Megahertz, the technique of the most careful scanning is used, in particular, if a local injection was recently injected with a drug, or an operation (the chances of anisotropy of the image are high, therefore, a strict adjustment of the output frequency for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of both the surface and deep layers tissues).

The scanning procedure starts with the wrist fold.Initially, tendons can be monitored in the transverse direction and distal inclusion.

Then the longitudinal vector is examined, after which the diagnostic specialist moves to the other elements and the opposite side of the wrist joint.

The doctor is looking for third-party and structurally heterogeneous fluids, deviations of tendons, ganglia, the presence of formations in the form of auxiliary muscles and other asymmetries.

Uzi shoulder diagnosis

The main indications for the ultrasound investigation of this localization include various injuries of the indicated area, crunch in the shoulder joint, pain syndrome, inflammatory process.

The ultrasound of the shoulder joint is performed using a sensor with a frequency of 3 to 5 Megahertz, the patient is in a sitting position, the hand is static until the special instructions of the diagnostician - as the event is held, the doctor will ask to perform a number of consecutive actions (lifting, lowering, rotation, etc.) to ensure viewing the parameters of the shoulder joint in dynamics. At the same time, it is not only the analysis that can be analyzed, but also the adjacent scapula and ligaments of the clavicle.

Ultrasound clearly shows typical traumatic pathologies- tearing of tendons, damage to the rotator cuff, tendinopathy, accumulation of exudate in the tendon bag or joint cavity, etc.

Diagnosis of the hip joint

The technique of ultrasound examination of the hip element of the motor apparatus is usually appointed as a supplement to the classical X-ray or an alternative to MRI. The task of the diagnostician in this situation is the detection of a potential intraarticular pathology or anomalies of periarticular localizations.

Most often, ultrasound of the hip joints is prescribed for suspected arthrosis, arthritis, synovitis, dysplasia, blood or fluid effusions, local necrosis, and tumors of various etiologies.

In the process of ultrasound of the hip joint, all the basic elements in the localization are examined, including a circular zone, an acetabulum, an interstitial line, iliac-femoral, pubic-femoral, ischial-femoral ligaments, medial, gluteal, lateral arteries and veins, ligament of the head of the femur and so Further.

Before starting the procedure, the patient is laid on the couch face-up, the skin in the localization of the inguinal region is applied to the gel, after which the diagnostician proceeds to the measures, performing scanning in four planes. If necessary, the patient changes the position of the legs, bends or unbends them in the pelvis and knees, produces other movement, allowing the profile specialist to follow changes in hip dynamics.

The doctor-uzist first of all pays attention to the state of the cartilaginous structure, the presence of effusions in the cavities, the consistency and localization of intraarticular fluids, possible neoplasms and other pathologies.

Preparing for ultrasound

In the general case, to perform ultrasonic examination of the elements of the musculoskeletal system, requires special training - diet, daily rhythms and other parameters are common for patient.

As the diagnostic practice shows, local injections of a number of medications can significantly worsen the precise procedure, moreover both inside the joint and next to it.

It is necessary to refrain from such activities at least 5 days before the ultrasound examination. If this is not possible - be sure to inform the diagnostician about the use of drugs with the indication of the active substance, the frequency of its use and dosage.

In addition, it is recommended to adhere to personal hygiene standardsin the context of a potential conduct of a contact study - it is about shaving too dense vegetation at the site of joint localization (if any), and use of soaps and soaps before carrying out, for example, ultrasound examination of the hip element, implying the work of a diagnostician in close proximity to intimate zones.

A source: https://vseanalizy.com/uzi/vnutrennie-organy/sustavy.html

What will the ultrasound of the knee joint show? Explanation of results

What will the ultrasound of the knee joint show? Now we will understand this question. But first, let's talk briefly about the procedure itself.

Ultrasound is a well-known method of research. It allows you to diagnose any organs of the human body. It is absolutely painless way to detect various diseases.

This method is widely used in medicine, since it is very simple and does not require complicated preparation before carrying out. However, for the diagnosis of ultrasound is considered a very informative way.

The essence of the research is that ultrasonic waves propagate through the body and, when displayed, give the opportunity to see a picture of what is happening inside the process.

What can you see on ultrasound?

What will the ultrasound of a man's knee joint show? The structure of the knee joint is quite complicated. In addition, he has significant loads to which he is exposed every day.

These include walking, running, climbing stairs, descending stairs, squatting and others.

Due to the daily load, this body is subject to wear and may fail.

What will the ultrasound of the knee joint show?

1. Bones of the joint.
2. Cartilage.
3. Bundles.
4. Muscles of the joint.
5. Vessels.
6. Synovial fluid of the joint.

What diagnoses can be made based on the results of the study?

Depending on what the ultrasound will show, the doctor can diagnose such diseases as:

1. Osteoarthritis.
2. Osteoarthritis of the knee.
3. Arthritis, synovitis, tendonitis.
4. Disease associated with the meniscus.
5. Various damage to the ligaments, for example, stretching.
6. Fracture, both open and closed.
7. Congenital disorders of the knee joint.
8. Various neoplasms.

With the help of dopplerography, it is possible to see violations related to blood flow and joint vessels.

Who is assigned the study?

Who can assign an ultrasound of the knee joint? What does this study show the child? The ultrasound of the knee joint does not have age limits for any contraindications. Therefore, this examination can be assigned to both elderly people and small children.

There are several main directions for the appointment of an ultrasound of the knee joint. Firstly, people undergo this procedure, for the purpose of diagnosing any diseases of the knee joint.

Secondly, this method of research is often used to examine the condition of the body of athletes.

It is necessary to do this in order to find out the professional suitability of a person before the competition or to see the state of his body under heavy physical exertion.

There is a category of athletes who fall into the zone of risk of knee joint injuries, namely: skiers, gymnasts, figure skaters, skaters and others.

It is especially recommended to perform ultrasound examination of the knee joint to children who are engaged in these sports.

Ultrasound will show whether to continue playing sports professionally, or not.

What will the ultrasound of the knee joint show and what disruptions in its functioning can be distinguished through this study? When a person comes to this examination, he has a referral from his attending physician. It already wrote a presumptive diagnosis of the patient.

It is also recommended to take the results of other examinations on ultrasound, if they were passed by the patient. Depending on what direction is prescribed to a person, such an examination will be done through ultrasound. Here we are talking about a complete ultrasound study of the patella, or part of it.

What does the diagnosis show?

What pathologies can be detected by ultrasound of the knee joint? What does this study show?

1. What contours the joint has: even or not.
2. What looks has a bone. Namely: homogeneous, uniform, thickened or exhausted.
3. Is the synovial fluid normal? It can have different states, such as reducing its number or increasing. Also, this fluid in the subject may be normal.
4. The state of synovial articular fluid is investigated by means of ultrasound of the knee joint. What shows? It can be with threads or flakes, homogeneous or heterogeneous. Also this liquid can be without any inclusions.
5. The state of cartilaginous tissue is examined. Namely: its contours, thinness and thickness.
6. Through ultrasound, you can determine the condition of the joint space. It can be narrowed, expanded or in a normal state.
7. There are free bodies in the knee joint.
8. A meniscus is being studied.

Also through ultrasound you can see:

1. What is the state of the patella?
2. Is bursitis or lunge present?
3. In what condition are the ligaments and tendons of the knee joint, as well as the muscles.
4. Is there a Becker cyst?
5. Presence of any growths or other changes associated with the femur and tibia.

Advantage and price of ultrasound in the regional polyclinic

The advantage of ultrasound is that the patient can receive the result of the examination five minutes after the procedure. Based on the results of ultrasound, the doctor who gave the referral to this procedure can confirm the preliminary diagnosis or disprove it.

When the patient is referred to the district clinic, ultrasound is done free of charge in the direction of the doctor. But there are cases when a person turns to a private medical institution for examination. This topic should be discussed separately.

Uzi knee joint. Why apply to paid centers?

In a private clinic, all services are provided for a fee. But it is necessary to say that ultrasound does not belong to an expensive examination. The cost of its holding is quite affordable. Before the procedure, the patient does not need to prepare, there are no special recommendations.

The advantages of performing an ultrasound of the knee joint at a paid point is that it is equipped with everything necessary. Namely: slippers or shoe covers, napkins and other items that may be needed during the ultrasound.

Price for the service in private clinics

There are special centers of ultrasound. They are equipped with modern equipment, so they have all the conditions for patient comfort and ultrasound of the knee joint.

Why choose a center with modern equipment? The pricing policy of medical institutions varies, depending on the region of the country. The cost of a single ultrasound procedure is influenced by factors such as the quality of the equipment on which the study is conducted, the level of skill of specialists.

High-level doctors work on the newest devices, which allow a more detailed examination of the internal organs of man. The average price for ultrasound of the knee joint is from 600 to 1500 rubles.

Modern equipment allows you to see a three-dimensional color image and diagnose pathological processes at an early stage.

This fact is considered very important, because the earlier the diagnosis is made, the better.

Conclusion

Now you know what the ultrasound of the knee joint is, we called the testimony to the trial. We hope that the information in this article was helpful to you.

A source: http://.ru/article/297943/chto-pokajet-uzi-kolennogo-sustava-rasshifroa-rezultatov