Bronchitis is acute, chronic, causes, symptoms, treatment
Bronchitis is a disease that is accompanied by inflammation of the bronchi. Most often it is a consequence of a viral or bacterial infection, it is very important to treat it in time with antibiotics or antiviral drugs, because the inflammation can fall into the lungs or bronchitis will acquire a chronic form that can be cured almost impossible.Also, bronchitis can be complicated by swelling of the mucous membranes, this indicates obstruction. The cause of bronchitis can be such diseases as whooping cough, measles, tracheitis, influenza. The disease is characterized by such symptoms: a strong cough, increased body temperature, lethargy, weakness. When bronchitis cough is first dry, then it becomes wet, often accompanied by shortness of breath, a person seems to be suffocating. Diagnosis of bronchitis is possible with the help of listening to wheezing, spirometry and radiography may additionally be required. They treat the disease with expectorants, mucolytics, and complications require antibiotics. In this case, the patient must always comply with bed rest, as much as possible to drink warm, do not smoke.
Acute bronchitis
This form of the disease is characterized by an acute inflammatory process, in which a large amount of sputum is released, with cough leading to a complication such as dyspnea. Acute bronchitis develops due to:
1. Smoking.
2. Climatic-weather conditions.
3. When a person has become too cold or has been in damp for a long time.
4. With alcohol abuse.
5. Infectious diseases of the nasopharynx, if the breathing of the nose is disturbed.
6. With heart failure, if the lungs are stagnant.
Also, frequent causes of acute bronchitis are unsuitable to human air, if it is very hot, dry or cold; Also, if a person is constantly in contact with chemical elements, such as silicon, nitrogen oxides, alkali. Acute bronchitis can provoke bacteria and viruses. In some situations it is a consequence of an allergic reaction to pollen, dust, etc.
How is acute bronchitis manifested?
First, the nasopharynx is inflamed, then the disease gradually drops into the larynx, trachea and in the end it appears in the bronchioles. When a virus enters them, a person is disturbed by the metabolism, because of this, cells die and begins to develop a bacterial infection - pneumococcus, hemophilic rod, in rare cases staphylococcus aureus. Complication of acute bronchitis is pneumonia.Acute bronchitis is manifested by dry, barking cough, it arises from the fact that large bronchi and trachea become inflamed, then a little sputum may be released.
A person can feel an unpleasant sensation in the belly region, also in the chest. Sputum in acute can have pus, if the patient has shortness of breath - this indicates that small bronchi are affected. A blood test indicates an inflammatory process, with a significant increase in ESR, leukocytes in blood, it can also talk about urgently needing to take action, the disease is already falling into lungs.
What methods of treatment of acute bronchitis exist?
If the patient has acute intoxication and there is a threat of pneumonia, you need to go to the hospital urgently. It is very important to drink as much as possible a warm drink - tea with lemon, a drink with raspberries, honey, linden tea, warmed mineral water, it must necessarily be alkaline - Borjomi, also recommended to use special pectoral fees.
The mustard plasters will relieve the symptoms, they need to be applied to the chest. Medication for acute bronchitis is prescribed depending on the symptomatology, often used anti-inflammatory and painkillers such as acetylsalicylic acid, percofen, citramone, etc. It is also very important to take vitamins group A, C. If purulent sputum is allocated, antibiotics of the penicillin, tetracycline, and besypotol group are necessary in this case.
If acute bronchitis has been protracted for a long time, inhalations based on mineral alkaline water, also such physiotherapeutic procedures as electrophoresis with calcium, ultraviolet irradiation, ionotherapy. Perhaps you will need to visit a special medical sanatorium, which is located on the seashore, and additionally perform breathing exercises.
It is necessary to remember about such preventive measures, so that acute bronchitis does not happen again:
1. Keep out of viral infections.
2. As little as possible to be in dusty, gassy places.
3. Do not overcool, do not overheat.
4. Refuse from bad habits of alcohol and smoking.
5. It is very important in time to treat diseases of the nasopharynx - sinusitis, sinusitis, you may need to remove polyps.
6. Regularly it is necessary to temper, for this purpose to walk barefoot in the morning on dew, as much as possible to walk on fresh air.
Chronical bronchitis
This form is manifested when the bronchi are inflamed for a long time, if the cough lasts more than three months. Most often, chronic bronchitis occurs in those who smoke or work with chemicals. Because of this, bronchi are irritated for a long time, the mucous membrane changes and different infections begin to penetrate - fungus, viruses and bacteria.
What are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?
When the mucous membrane is damaged, the amount of sputum increases, it is practically not eliminated, because of this begins a violent cough, at first it disturbs only in the morning, then appears at night, intensifies if the damp and cold weather.With this form of bronchitis, sputum is clear, does not smell. When the disease worsens, it can be purulent, cloudy, thickens, acquires a yellow or green hue.
In the case of prolonged chronic bronchitis, the bronchi become severely narrowed, this person is worried about shortness of breath, it is hard to exhale, choking attacks are possible, chronic bronchitis passes into obstructive pulmonary disease, later may develop emphysema, it becomes difficult for a person to breathe, he constantly lacks oxygen.
Diagnosis of chronic bronchitis can only two years later, but it is very important not to confuse the disease with bronchial asthma, an x-ray, a biochemical blood test, bacterial culture, bronchoscopy.
Treatment is necessary when chronic bronchitis is exacerbated, expectorants and anti-inflammatory drugs are used for this, and preparations for the immune system are also needed. To get rid of excess mucus and stop the inflammatory process, prescribe bronchoscopy.
Obstructive bronchitis
This form of the disease is characterized by obstruction of the respiratory tract, obstructive bronchitis can be acute, chronic. Acute is typical for children, often occurs as a result of influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza.
The chronic form is characteristic of adult age, bronchitis occurs due to the fact that a person smokes, also a genetic predisposition, if a person lives in polluted ecology, works with such substances as cement, silicon, kamiy, also if the professional activity is related to metallurgy.
What are the symptoms of obstructive bronchitis? The body temperature starts to rise sharply, the person is shivering, he is weak, at the same time he is disturbed by a dry cough, then a lot of sputum begins to flow away. When the mucous membranes begin to swell, a person is restless, shortness of breath, wheezing. For chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by a persistent cough, which is especially disturbing in the morning, the disease is aggravated by a viral infection, if purulent sputum appeared, dyspnea increased, urgently needed take action. In the treatment it is very important to first eliminate the cause of the disease. Children are hard on their own to get rid of phlegm, so they are recommended to draw slime, which is accumulated by electric suction and a rubber can. Also an effective tool is massage and drainage. Relieve the symptoms of foot bath, they recommend using mustard, sea salt, soda. Remember, the more you drink warm drink, the faster sputum is produced. To remove puffiness, inhalations will help, if sputum purulent, it is necessary to take antibiotics. To strengthen the body with the disease can be with vitamins - Vitrum, Biomax, Complivit.
Bronchitis in children
This disease is dangerous for young children, because it can even lead to death. It is very important to treat bronchitis in children on time and correctly. Children of preschool age most often get obstructive bronchitis. When a child has a runny nose, his nose starts to puff up, he starts to breathe with his mouth, does not get enough oxygen.
Obstruction is due to the fact that the child has narrow bronchial lumens, the mucous membrane is swollen, because of this begins to stand out viscous sputum, it does not depart well, then there is bronchospasm, while you can hear whistling wheezing. If the child has a bronchitis permanent, you need to undergo an additional examination, because the child may have bronchial asthma.
What are the symptoms of bronchitis in children?
The wheezing is wheezing, a cold can appear before it, the body temperature rises, the baby weakens and is very limp.
At the child the bronchitis arises because of such viruses - adenoviruses, parainfluenza, measles, if a bronchitis of virus character, It is not necessary to use antibiotics for treatment, if bacterial, it is necessary to apply them when treatment.
With viral bronchitis, sputum is clear, intoxication is not strong. In cases of bacterial bronchitis, sputum purulent, the child weakens, becomes pale, flaccid, does not eat anything. If the temperature lasts up to 4 days, the cough increases, it is necessary to take antibiotics to kill the bacterium.
If you notice pus in the sputum, blood, you need to urgently call a doctor, it's talking about a serious nasopharyngeal disease or an inflammatory process in the lungs.
To the child quickly recovered, you need to monitor the humidity in the room, for this you need to buy an air purifier or hang wet clothes on batteries. Ensure that the child as much as possible consumes liquids, so sputum can be diluted more quickly and removed from the body. Recommend to drink fruit drinks, juices, teas, compotes, plain water. It is not necessary to bring down the temperature lower than 38, 5 degrees, with the help of its immunity fights against viruses, does not allow them to multiply.
Please note that it is not always necessary to give antibiotics to a child with bronchitis, they must be taken give only to children up to six months, because in young children bronchiolitis, which develop into pneumonia. Also antibiotics should be drunk to children with bacterial bronchitis. Drugs can be used as inhalants. But pay attention to the fact that when taking antibiotics it is very important to monitor the intestinal microflora, because often children develop dysbacteriosis.
When should a child be given cough medicine?
1. In cases of obstructive bronchitis, in order to expand the bronchi.
2. If a child has problems with the pulmonary system, chronic lack of enzymes, which are responsible for liquefaction of mucus.
3. When the bronchitis is hard, it is necessary to use mucolytics, while you need a special massage - a little knock on the chest.
Children can often be prescribed inhalation, for them essential oils, mineral water, various solutions are used. There are many types of inhalers - steam, oil, but nebulizers have recently been valued.
How to protect a child from bronchitis?
1. Protect him from passive smoking.
2. To protect the child from ARVI, for this you need to constantly temper it, dress it in the weather, do not wrap it.
3. It is compulsory to do all the vaccinations that will protect the child from bacteria such as pneumococcus, hemophilic rod.
Allergic bronchitis
This form of the disease occurs if a person comes into contact with an allergen - pollen of the plant, dust, wool, also with some species of animals, with household chemicals. An allergic reaction can occur on the vaccine, medication.
Allergic bronchitis differs from other species with its symptomatology, with viral bronchitis the body temperature rises, the person starts to suffocate.Allergic bronchitis is not so pronounced, it passes when a person stops contacting with allergens. At an allergic bronchitis disturbs a strong cough, there is a dyspnea, difficulty breathing, wheezing dry, increased lacrimation, may also be accompanied by tracheitis, laryngitis and diathesis.
To treat this form of bronchitis is very difficult, first you need to identify the allergen, eliminate it, then remove the symptoms. Only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis, then special anti-inflammatory medications, as well as immunomodulators, are prescribed. In addition, phytotherapy is used.
Remember, if you do not treat allergic bronchitis in time, it will eventually develop into bronchial asthma.
Bronchitis of a smoker
Often in people who smoke begins to develop chronic bronchitis, its symptoms are pronounced, frequent bouts are concerned. It all depends on where the person lives, from a smoker who comes near the sea or in a clean forest zone, bronchitis occurs much later than those who live in a large city.
What causes bronchitis in a smoker?
1. Because of age.
2. Because of the long experience of the smoker.
3. If a person is often sick with ARVI.
4. Because of problems with immunity.
5. If a person lives in adverse environmental conditions or works with harmful substances.
6. Because of malnutrition, unfavorable living conditions, strong physical exertion.
The following stages of development of bronchitis in a smoker can be distinguished:
1. The appearance of cough only in the morning, he first is not strong, then gradually increases, appears viscous sputum, often with pus. There may also be shortness of breath after strong physical exertion, when a person ascends the stairs. The smoker has a long period of acute respiratory disease, often can be accompanied by a strong cough.2. In the second stage, in addition to the above symptoms, severe dyspnea occurs, which can lead to fainting. Disturbs coughing if a person takes a sharp breath. At a dyspnea or palpitation raises or increases palpitation.
3. At the third stage, dyspnea is severe, disturbing the smoker even when it is not heavily loaded, while breathing is difficult, hypoxia can develop, metabolism is disrupted.
What are the effects of a smoker's bronchitis?
A complication such as obstructive pulmonary disease of a chronic nature is dangerous. When the smoker's bronchitis is obstructed, the person does not have enough oxygen in the blood. Due to the fact that the work of the respiratory system is disrupted, there are problems with the brain - a person is very tired, constantly drowsy, it can be disturbed by frequent dizziness, memory decreases, heart problems also arise - heart failure, hypertension.
How to treat a smoker's bronchitis?
If a person does not quit smoking, bronchitis can not be cured. Therefore, the first thing to do is to give up this bad habit. Of course, at first it will be very difficult, perhaps, bronchitis will increase, cough will increase, an abundant amount of sputum will appear. But over time, the respiratory system will recover.
Chronic bronchitis in a smoker is treated with bronchodilators, these drugs will help relax the bronchi. You can remove excess mucus from the bronchi with the help of mucolytics. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics may also be prescribed. Physiotherapeutic procedures are an effective method of treatment. In no case can one engage in self-medication, this will only exacerbate the disease.
Asthmatic bronchitis
This disease is a consequence of a viral or bacterial infection, as well as allergic bronchitis. Because the mucous membrane becomes inflamed, a spasm appears in the muscles of the bronchi, then the bronchial mucosa swells, thick, viscous mucus begins to develop. It becomes difficult for a person to breathe when he coughs, feels choking, bronchial asthma arises from bronchospasm.
More often attacks of a strong dry cough with suffocation suffer at night, because of it there is a bronchospasm. Asthmatic bronchitis can be complicated, while coughing is worse, it is difficult to breathe. This form of bronchitis is dangerous because the bronchi constantly narrow, if the disease is not treated in time, it can lead to the expansion of the alveoli, thinning of the walls, then to such diseases as emphysema, bronchiectasis. If the cough disturbs for a long time, then it starts to progress, especially when a person exhales, it speaks of bronchial asthma.
Methods of treatment of asthmatic bronchitis
Modern medicine offers a variety of medicines, with which you can remove the spasm with bronchus, such as vitalin, saltox, astalin, salben, also berotek, they can be influenced by bronchi.
In this case, it is very important to treat the cold in time, the diseases of the nasopharynx, the oral cavity, as little as possible to contact with the allergen, so as not to aggravate asthmatic bronchitis.
When treating this form of bronchitis, you need to dilute sputum, for this use steam and water inhalations. Also constantly moisturize the air, also monitor your daily routine - it is useful to eat, enrich your menu with fruits, vegetables, thus improving the functionality of the bronchi, walking as much as possible outdoors, giving up alcohol and smoking.
What antibiotics should I take with bronchitis?
It is very important to take them only for their intended purpose, antibiotics actively fight against infections, viruses and bacteria. With the help of them you can recover quickly, but it is very important to choose them correctly. To do this, take the necessary tests to learn about increased sensitivity to the antibiotic, if a cough accompanied by phlegm, it is very important, before taking antibiotics to pass the test for testing flora. If you can not pass all the examinations, then it is best to pay attention to antibiotics such as fleumoclave, amoxiclav, they belong to a wide range of applications. Remember that some antibiotics can only exacerbate the disease, cough can become chronic or allergic.Also, with bronchitis, antibiotics can be prescribed:
1. Groups of penicillin-ampiox, augmentin, etc.
2. Macrolides - clarithromycin, azithromycin.
3. Cephalosporins - cefazolin, cefpir, cefotaxime.
If cough is severe, an antibiotic called "Codelac" is recommended, with the help of it you can overcome a dry cough. If cough accompanies a viral infection, the antibiotic "Immunal" is recommended, in cases of copious sputum, infection and bacteria in the bronchi may be prescribed by "Supraks "Amoxicliv" and "Macropen".
How correctly to take antibiotics for bronchitis?
It is very important to follow the dosage prescribed by your doctor, if you increase it, there may be a serious allergic reaction. If to you it became not easier after an antibiotic in two days, means, he does not approach you. Drugs should be taken no less than 10 days. Antibiotics can not be used any longer, because bacterial resistance can be developed and it will be difficult to treat the disease.
Why do we need antibiotics for bronchitis?
With the help of them, it is possible to overcome a bacterial infection more quickly, but antibiotics can not be prescribed independently. Only a doctor can do this. In addition to taking antibiotics, you need to drink vitamins, eat as much as possible fruits, vegetables.
Cough after bronchitis how to treat?
Very often people who have recovered from bronchitis do not go through a cough for a long time. Please note that some time after the illness can continue coughing. Only a doctor can say that this is a complication or a signal of recovery.
It is believed that if a person has treated bronchitis with antibiotics, the cough will last for a long time, but this is a false theory, most likely a cough is one of the complications of acute bronchitis, most often this phenomenon occurs in smokers or people who are unhealthy life. It is very important to make sure that coughing is not one of the symptoms of pneumonia, it is always necessary to see the doctor and be treated on time.Cough after bronchitis can play a protective function, it can become a response to the inflammatory process, using cough can get rid of harmful microbes in the body and dead cells.
Types of cough after bronchitis
It can be dry and wet. Dry has a negative effect on the bronchi, it strongly affects the patient, so you need to constantly use expectorants. Wet cough after bronchitis is a good sign, with the help of it you can withdraw excess phlegm, get rid of harmful microbes and other bodies.
How long can a cough after bronchitis last?
It is very important to pay attention to this factor. If the cough lasts several weeks after bronchitis and is not exacerbated, but goes to recession, this is normal. But, if a person feels worse, while he is worried about excessive sweating, general malaise, severe fatigue, then you are not cured.
How to get rid of cough after bronchitis?
You can use medicines or folk remedies for this. At home you can cure cough with such simple recipes:
1. It will take honey, radish, carrots. You need to squeeze the juice from the vegetables, then add honey, mix everything. Eat one tablespoon every hour. But this is only done if the cough after bronchitis is severe.
2. Beneficial to the bronchial system after the disease has been affected by such a recipe, it will require sugar, two yolks, everything must be thoroughly mixed, eaten on an empty stomach and at night.
3. Well the remnants of a cough removes such a recipe, it will require honey, radish. It is necessary to remove the radish from the middle, pour honey into it. Drink juice a day up to six times.
Treatment of bronchitis, treatment with folk remedies
It is very important to start treating bronchitis on time, because there can be serious complications. Siberian doctors recommend using this method: you need to take lard, melt it, add French turpentine, use hot before bed. If you just started to treat bronchitis, it is recommended to drink in the morning.
The famous doctor O. Morozova recommends such an effective method of treatment: first you need to sweat well, for this use three glasses of diaphoretic broth based on mint, sage, elderberry, linden, dried raspberry, honey with ginger. Thus, it is possible to withdraw viscous sputum. In cases of increased fever and cough, it is necessary to use mustard plasters, they are applied on the chest, also the calves, it is necessary to hold until the burning occurs. Instead of mustard, you can use turpentine or grated horseradish. To reduce body temperature, you need to take aspirin. In the morning with bronchitis it is recommended to drink milk with the addition of soda, honey. In the evening, you need to use a decoction based on herbs, it will require horse mint, honey.
Traditional healers advise using bronchitis to use such recipes:
1. Mix the pork or goose fat with aloe juice, add butter, natural honey, to strengthen the taste you can put cocoa. This mixture should be added to a cup of hot milk. Drink up to two times a day.
2. In acute bronchitis, bronchial asthma, it is recommended to pay attention to such a decoction, for him will require fennel, anise, pine buds, thyme, spores, licorice root, to grind. All pour boiled water - 400 ml, insist for up to three hours, then boil for 3 minutes. Drink three times a day for half a glass.
3. If a strong cough disturbs the bronchitis, recommend using onions with honey, you need to cut half a kilogram of onions finely, add half a kilogram of sugar, honey, pour a liter of water, boil. Drink up to 5 times a day.
4. With obstructive as well as asthmatic bronchitis, which is accompanied by suffocation, recommend use common oregano, for this in a glass of boiling water you need to brew the grass, insist to two hours. Eat three times a day.
5. When chronic bronchitis is used such a collection, it is necessary to take birch buds, dioecious nettle, ledum, oregano, mix everything thoroughly, pour a half liter of boiling water.
6. To cure bronchitis will help infusion of sage with milk, it will take 200 ml of milk, a tablespoon of sage. All boil and drain. Drink at night.
7. Well, helps infusion, prepared with crimson stems and leaves. For it, you need to crush the dried crimson leaves, pour 400 ml of boiling water, boil to 10 minutes. This is one of the best sweatshops.
Treatment of chronic bronchitis in folk ways:
1. You need to take the interior fat, melt it and add it to the milk. You can use for grinding, only in melted fat you need to add turpentine.
2. The effective way is this: for it you need half a liter of wine to add to it aloe. Insist 5 days. Use three times a day for one tablespoon.
3. In ancient times, cough, which for a long time did not pass, was treated with such a prescription, for it you need to take aloe, honey, 100 ml of water, boil all up to two hours, always on a small fire.
4. You can heal bronchitis with such a mixture, it will require linden honey, birch buds, olive oil, aloe. Honey needs to melt, mix and use three times a day for one tablespoon.
5. With strong bronchitis, you need to use this tincture, it will require a mother-and-stepmother, grass asparagus, black elderberry flowers, all pour 200 ml of boiling water. Eat up to three times a day.
6. When bronchial asthma is recommended such a collection of mother-and-stepmother, pine buds, plantain, pour cold water and insist up to three hours. Then 5 minutes boil, use one glass a day.
7. When chronic bronchitis is recommended to use tincture based on oregano, mother-and-stepmother, chamomile medicinal, all pour half a liter of boiling water. Insist 7 hours.
Treatment of asthmatic bronchitis
1. It is recommended to use this balm, it will require 250 grams of agave, a liter of cahors and honey. Leaves of the plant do not need to be washed, only to wipe, then grind, put in a container, then add Cahors, chalk. Mix thoroughly, insist for two weeks.
2. Well, such a recipe helps, for it you need to mix aloe juice with smaltz, butter and honey. This recipe can not be used by pregnant women, those who suffer from hemorrhoids have an inflammatory process in the genitourinary system and kidneys.
3. To ease the symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis will help decoctions based on spoiling, in order to prepare the necessary take one tablespoon of finely chopped herbs, pour 200 ml of boiling water, boil thoroughly, insist to two hours.
4. From the bronchitis effectively helps the infusion of the root of nine-strength, it is good to add honey to it.
5. An excellent expectorant is a drug based on nettle, in order to cook it, you need to take the flowers of nettle, pour 800 ml of boiling water. Insist 3 hours.
6. The recipe on the basis of bran helps, it is necessary to take half a kilogram of bran, add two liters of water, boil all to 15 minutes. To use in a hot kind.
7. The symptomatology of bronchitis will be facilitated by such a decoction, for it it is necessary to take the fruits of Kinza, sowing coriander, mistletoe white, yellow chrysanthemum, zlatotsvet, root of the Tatar aster. All you need to grind, mix and pour boiling water. Then add a little ginger, insist one night, add honey.
8. Adults when coughing recommend to take such a decoction, for it you need to take the resin from the white cherry, pour a liter of water, add chalk, clove seeds, ginger. To eat in the morning and in the evening, one tablespoon is enough.
9. An effective tool for treating bronchitis are inhalations using propolis, for this you need to take 40 grams of wax, 60 grams of propolis, all put in an aluminum pan, it must be put in a boiling water tank, so the wax dissolves and propolis. Inhalation is recommended to be done twice a day for 15 minutes.
10. Cure bronchitis will help the wine, with the help of his sputum is separated better. It is necessary to warm the dry wine and drink 50 ml twice a day. You can add leaves of plantain in it, they will help to thin the sputum.
Effective folk remedies for coughing
1. It is necessary to moisten the gauze in vodka, put it on the chest, cover it with polyethylene, then cover it with cotton, then fix it with a bandage. The procedure is carried out at night to 30 minutes.
2. It is good to rub the breast for the night with such a tincture, it will take half a liter of vodka, half a glass of medicinal veronica. Mix everything and insist for two weeks.
3. An effective remedy is such a compress, for it you need to take half a liter of vodka, potatoes and honey. Potatoes must be boiled, then put in a bag, knead it. Apply to the chest, then in vodka you need to dissolve the honey, the mixture needs to be drunk. You need to do the procedure before bed, if the temperature is high, the compress can not be done.
Recipes from bronchitis based on sea salt
1. You need to add a sea salt in a glass of water - one teaspoon, baking soda - one teaspoon. Every morning you need to rinse the mouth with this solution.
2. Heat the sea salt in a frying pan, then bend over and inhale it, with the help of such a saline inhalation you can quickly cure bronchitis, bronchial asthma.
Thus, bronchitis is a serious disease that can not be started in any case, because it can be complicated and grow into a chronic form. Also, do not engage in self-treatment, with the first symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor.
medportal.su
How to cure bronchitis without antibiotics
Bronchitis is a viral disease that is accompanied by a persistent cough. Bronchitis is acute, which lasts about 10 days, and chronic, it can last for months. In the case of chronic bronchitis, as a rule, medical intervention is necessary. Acute bronchitis can be cured independently, without the use of antibiotics.
Do not allow dehydration
People who suffer from bronchitis should consume at least 250 ml of fluid every 1-2 hours. This helps the body to tolerate the disease more easily. Drink only ordinary water or any other low-calorie liquid, for example, juices or water diluted with lemon juice and honey. Any consumed liquid should be warm, it helps to avoid complications in the throat and cough pain. In bronchitis, you should never drink alcohol and drinks containing caffeine. They lead to dehydration of the body.
If the attending physician has limited fluid intake due to the possibility of any complications, follow his recommendations.
Bed rest
Try to sleep as much as possible. You need to sleep at least 8 hours during the day. Sleep is a very important element in maintaining the immune system. Without sleep, it will be difficult for the body to cope with a viral infection.
Try to minimize your physical activity. Limit yourself to the minimum necessary movement and do not overexert yourself. Excessive movement provokes attacks of severe cough and reduces the effectiveness of the fight against the disease.
Sometimes coughing with bronchitis does not allow a person to relax and does not let him fall asleep. In that case, lie on your stomach and just relax.
Air humidity
While in the room, try to maintain the humidity in the norm, especially this is important at night. To maintain moisture, use special humidifiers. Warm and moist air helps to get rid of mucus in the airways, which in turn facilitates coughing and breathing. Clean the humidifier body regularly, follow the instructions. Cleaning the container with water avoids the appearance of fungi and bacteria in it, which can spread around the room and complicate your illness.
Another way to breathe wet and warm air is to take a hot shower for 30-40 minutes.
Protect your breathing
Disease and cough caused by it can increase if you do not protect your breathing from cold air and various contaminants. Do not smoke or be in the company of smokers. Cigarette smoke has a very negative effect on the condition of the lungs and contributes to complications in bronchitis. If you do household chores (for example, use household detergents), always wear a mask. In the cold season, cover your mouth and nose with a mask or scarf, this will help warm the air before it gets into your airways.
Antibiotics for cough
In an extreme case, when the cough becomes unbearable, it is necessary to be treated with medicines. Drink syrup from a cough, it reduces the formation of mucus and facilitates coughing. Expectorants will help to cure the constantly forming mucus. Various essential oils help fight both acute and chronic bronchitis.
If, after long self-treatment, the disease does not pass or new symptoms appear (for example, prolonged treatment with antibiotics can lead to urticaria), as well as with chronic bronchitis necessarily refer to the doctor.
KakProsto.ru
Antibiotics for bronchitis
Antibiotics for bronchitis are selected after a thorough examination, examination and all necessary tests by the treating doctor.
Bronchitis is a common disease, both among children and among older people; in recent years, the disease has become chronic in the population. In an adult, the signs of the disease manifest themselves differently depending on certain factors. Before you start treating the disease, you need to determine the cause that led to the disease. Unfortunately, modern doctors prescribe antibiotics at random, according to the principle of "no more will be." However, with some forms of bronchitis, the use of antibiotics only hinders recovery. Bronchitis of a viral origin and without antibiotics is well treatable, since viruses are not destroyed by antibacterial agents. When treating viral bronchitis with antibiotics, depression of immunity begins, dysbacteriosis, allergic reactions, bacteria develop resistance to the drug.
With bronchitis in acute form, the focus of inflammation in the bronchi develops due to ingestion of viruses or infection. If before the disease in humans in the lungs there were no pathological processes, in 95% of the bronchitis was caused by viruses. At a bronchitis of the acute form of a virus origin antibiotics are not obligatory. If a person has a strong immune system, then treatment of a disease of staphylococcal, streptococcal, pneumococcal infection is predominantly symptomatic, recovery is an average of two of the week. If the defenses of the body are weakened, antibiotics must be taken. Acute bronchitis is manifested by a strong cough, pain in the chest, increased body temperature. Most of the patients recover fairly quickly (within two weeks), in some cases, cough lasts about a month.
Chronic bronchitis is considered if the disease occurs throughout the year often enough (the total number of days of illness for a year exceeds 90). At a chronic bronchitis of the person excruciates a strong cough with allocation of slime. Such a cough can be associated with harmful working conditions, smoking, allergic manifestations, infections in the upper respiratory tract. With exacerbations or repeated diseases, treatment is carried out with antibacterial drugs in combination with expectorants.
In a separate category there are bronchitis of Chlamydia and Mycoplasma origin. Recently, bronchitis, provoked by bacteria of chlamydia and microplasma, is diagnosed more often. The development of the disease is very slow, accompanied by signs of intoxication, the disease proceeds in a protracted form, with frequent relapses, treatment such bronchitis succumb extremely hard. In addition to a person's strong cough, fever, high fever, and muscle pains are excruciating.
Antibiotics for pregnant women with bronchitis
The frequency of bronchitis in pregnant women is quite high. This is primarily due to a weakened immune system that is unable to resist viruses and infections. The development of bronchitis begins as a manifestation of the common cold (weakness, temperature). After a few days, a dry cough begins, and after a couple of days sputum begins to appear from the bronchi. It is extremely important for a future mother to take their health seriously, because this threatens with various (sometimes quite serious) complications for the child. If there is a suspicion that the bronchitis is developing, you should immediately consult a doctor.
The excretion of sputum from the lungs in pregnant women is difficult, since the mobility of the diaphragm is reduced, and it is in a raised state. A long time stagnating in the bronchi sputum prolongs the term of the disease, in addition, this state is extremely harmful for the future mother, and for her baby. If in total the disease lasted no more than two weeks, most likely, the disease proceeded in acute form, but if the treatment lasted for a month or more - it means that the disease became chronic shape. Acute bronchitis has no harmful effect on the future baby, but a long chronic form of the disease can lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus. After the examination and all tests confirmed the diagnosis of bronchitis, treatment of a woman should be started as soon as possible.
X-rays to pregnant women are prescribed only in extreme cases, when the doctor has doubts about the correct diagnosis, the disease is accompanied by a very serious condition of the woman, a variety of complications. Antibiotics for bronchitis are prescribed quite often, but the use of such potent drugs for women in period of pregnancy is not recommended, especially during the first three months you need to exclude any medicinal preparations. As a rule, antibiotics are prescribed to pregnant women in extreme cases, when mothers are threatened with serious complications. In the event that it is not possible to dispense with antibiotics, preparations from a number of penicillins, which can be used in the treatment of pregnant women, are prescribed. These drugs virtually eliminate the possibility of harm to the child. If a woman is in the second trimester, then the use of cephalosporin group drugs is possible.
With bronchitis in acute form, you can use Bioporox - a local antibiotic with which inhalations are carried out. This agent acts directly in the respiratory tract, therefore, the possibility of penetration through the placenta is completely excluded, which is extremely important for a woman in the position.
List of antibiotics for bronchitis
Aminopenicillins:
- amoksiklav;
- amoxicillin;
- arlet;
- augmentin.
Antibiotics of this series are destructive to the walls of bacteria, their action is directed only at harmful microorganisms, and there is no harm to the body as a whole. The only drawback of such drugs is that penicillins are capable of provoking strong allergic reactions.
Macrolides:
- Macropen;
- sumamed.
Block the multiplication of microbes due to disruption of protein production in cells.
Fluoroquinolones:
- ofloxacin;
- levofloxacin;
- moxifloxacin.
Antibiotics for bronchitis of a wide spectrum of action, their frequent use leads to disruption of the digestive tract, provokes dysbiosis.
Cephalosporins:
- ceftriaxone;
- cefazolin;
- cephalexin.
Antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, well cope with microorganisms resistant to penicillins. Preparations of this group are usually well tolerated by patients, in very rare cases cause allergic reactions.
Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults
Antibiotics for bronchitis in older people often have a major importance in the treatment of the disease. First of all, anti-infectious agents with antibacterial effect are used: rovamycin, flemoxin, chemomycin, azithromycin.
In second place is a cephalosporin group of antibiotics: suprax, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefepime. Such antibiotics are used in light and medium course of the disease, mainly in the form of tablets. Severe stages of the disease are treated with injections, in some cases it is advisable to use combination therapy combining injections and taking tablets. With bronchitis of viral origin, antiviral agents such as vifron, kipferon, geneferon, and the like are used. It is also necessary to take expectorants (ACS, lazolvan, bromhexine, etc.). If you suffer from dyspnea, you can use bronchodilators: teopek, euphyllin, berodual, salbutamol, etc. Also, treatment should be supplemented with vitamin preparations to strengthen the defenses of the body.
If antibiotics are prescribed without sputum analysis, preference is given to broad-spectrum antibiotics, usually penicillin or a protected penicillin group. The most commonly prescribed is augmentin from the group of protected penicillins, which has a disastrous effect on most bacteria that are unable to develop resistance to this drug. Augmentin is available in the form of tablets, injections, suspensions. The drug in the form of a suspension is convenient to use for the treatment of small children, this drug can also be used in pregnancy. Safety of use of the drug in childhood and pregnant women has been proved by numerous studies.
Also, antibiotic preparations of the macrolide group, for example, azithromycin, have a good therapeutic effect. Preparations are convenient to use, since it is required to be taken once, besides the course of treatment is not very long, 3 to 5 days.
However, the appointment of an antibiotic should be carried out taking into account the identified pathogens of the disease, on the basis of bacteriosives (sputum analysis).
Antibiotics for bronchitis in children
For the treatment of such a disease as bronchitis in children, drugs that improve drainage of the bronchi, i. a variety of mucolytic agents (liquefying phlegm): ambroxol, licorice root, althea, etc. Recently, inhalers have become very popular with the help of a special inhalation device - a nebulizer, which can be used at home.
Antibiotics for bronchitis in children are often prescribed together with antiallergic and immunomodulating drugs. Its effectiveness and safety for children was proved by the phytoantibiotic Umkalor, which includes bacteriostatic properties. This drug is well suited for the final cure of the disease, after using more powerful antibiotics, since the drug has good immunostimulating properties. Umcalor is recommended to take at least a week after the disappearance of the main symptoms of the disease for prevention.
It is mandatory to take funds aimed at maintaining and restoring the intestinal microflora in order to prevent the development of dysbiosis and weakening of the body's defenses. If treatment is started in a timely manner and an effective course of treatment is chosen, recovery occurs in 2 to 3 weeks.
Antibiotics for chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis develops a change in the bronchial mucosa. Characteristic signs of bronchitis is sputum for more than two consecutive years, frequent prolonged exacerbations of the disease (at least three months a year). With chronic bronchitis there are stages of exacerbation and remission. In case of exacerbations, usually, the patient's extremely difficult condition is observed, in which he is forced to seek qualified help. In such periods, people suffer severe attacks of cough, weakness, increased sweating, fever. Periods of remission are accompanied by regular sputum discharge when coughing, which does not greatly affect a person's daily life. With chronic bronchitis, mucous ulcers get purulent sputum, sometimes bloody impurities appear.
The chronic form of bronchitis is most often sick at an older age, young people and children usually suffer the disease in a protracted form, with frequent relapses.
Antibiotics for bronchitis should be prescribed only after determining the sensitivity of pathogens to the active substance. Exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease can occur with the activity of chlamydia, legionella, and microplasmas. In this case, effective drugs for the treatment of the disease are antibiotics of the macrolide group (azithromycin, rovamycin). If the causative agent is Gram-positive coccal bacteria, antibiotics of the cephalosporin series are prescribed, with Gram-negative coccal infection - preparations of the last generation.
Good efficacy in the treatment of chronic forms of bronchitis are shown by antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, tetracyclines, macrolides, etc.
Antibiotics for acute bronchitis
The causative agents of the acute form of bronchitis are mainly rhinovirus infections, respiratory-sentient viruses, influenza viruses, and the like. Bacterial pathogens of the disease are most often mycoplasmas, chlamydia. The culprits of acute bronchitis are viruses in 90% of cases, in the remaining 10% - bacteria. Also, acute bronchitis can develop as a result of prolonged exposure to poison gas or chemical compounds.
When acute form of bronchitis appears cough with the discharge of mucous sputum (sometimes with an admixture of pus), fever, weakness. In some patients, cough lasts about a month.
Antibiotics for bronchitis, which occurs in acute form, in most cases, use is undesirable, because the disease is most often caused by a viral infection, in which antibiotic therapy is ineffective. Treatment of bronchitis in acute form is mostly symptomatic (antipyretic, antitussive, vitamin preparations). If bronchitis has developed as a result of influenza virus, treatment is advisable to carry out antiviral drugs.
In some cases, the use of antibacterial drugs for bronchitis is still a necessity. First of all, these are people in old age and small children, since they have an increased risk of developing severe complications (exacerbation of chronic disease, pneumonia). Usually, in such cases, amoxicillin (500 mg three times a day), josamycin (500 mg three times a day), spiramycin (2 times a day for 3 million IU), erythromycin (500 mg four times a day) is prescribed in such cases.
Antibiotics for obstructive bronchitis
Obstructive bronchitis is accompanied by a dry obtrusive cough that lasts almost without stopping, usually arises, and after coughing, there is no relief. Cough often intensifies at night, thus preventing a person from resting, the first time the body temperature is not increased. The usual symptoms of the disease (weakness, headache, fever) are practically not observed. In most cases, dyspnea appears in the disease, difficulty breathing, small children often widen the wings of the nose when trying to breathe, while breathing noisy, with hissing sounds.
The course of obstructive bronchitis occurs in acute or chronic form. Diseases in the acute form are most often affected by children, chronic - adults and elderly people.
Antibiotics for bronchitis of the obstructive form are appointed after a bacterial infection is detected. The usual means used for treatment are fluoroquinolones, aminopenicillins, macrolides. With an exhausting cough that does not give the patient a full rest, an erespal is prescribed (usually one tablet twice a day).
Antibiotics for purulent bronchitis
The development of a purulent form of the disease usually occurs due to the initially incorrect treatment of the acute form of the disease. With bronchitis, sputum analysis is rarely prescribed for sensitivity, and in most cases, drugs with a wide spectrum of action are immediately prescribed. Usually this kind of treatment is effective. Together with antibiotics, thinner phlegm and antiallergic drugs are prescribed. A number of complications are caused by the viral nature of the disease, in this case, antibiotics for bronchitis are completely ineffective, since their effect does not apply to viruses. With such treatment, the disease progresses, and passes into a more severe form, most often into a purulent one. With purulent bronchitis, sputum appears with purulent impurities.
Treatment of the disease should be done after the mandatory determination of microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Good efficacy in the treatment of purulent forms of bronchitis show inhalation.
Natural antibiotics for bronchitis
Natural antibiotics in bronchitis are not able to completely replace drugs, but they can fully protect the body from of most infections, to strengthen immunity (in contrast to chemical), besides natural remedies do not destroy microflora in the intestine and do not provoke a dysbacteriosis.
For a long time people knew the products and plants that had anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties during treatment. One of the most famous strong antibiotics of natural origin is garlic. It well destroys viruses, bacteria, parasites, penetrating into our body. Garlic acts fatal to such bacteria as Styrmococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, diphtheria, tuberculosis. In total, garlic fights with 23 different bacteria.
Onion is also a widely known powerful natural antibiotic that helps stop the reproduction of sticks of dysentery, diphtheria, tuberculosis, streptococcal, staphylococcal infections. The aroma of onion helps cleanse the airways.
The root of horseradish contains lysozyme, which destroys the cellular structure of bacteria, thereby eliminating the infection.
Black radish acts destructively on cells of microorganisms. In combination with honey, it has a strong bactericidal effect. In addition, it helps to strengthen the defenses of the body, weakened by the disease.
Garnet has strong anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, since ancient times pomegranate was used to treat typhoid fever, salmonellosis, colitis, stomach diseases, non-healing wounds, dysentery, cholera, sore throat. Substances in the pomegranate function in the human body selectively, in contrast to chemicals, and destroy only pathogens.
Raspberry has long been known for its sweating, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal properties, besides, it has a good soothing effect. Raspberries are especially effective for diseases of the throat, bronchi, and the like.
Kalina has good bactericidal properties, successfully destroys various fungi, bacteria, viruses, and also increases immunity. But the viburnum can not be taken continuously, it is recommended as a prophylaxis of seasonal diseases (in the autumn-winter period).
In honey contains all important for our body trace elements. It helps to cope with various diseases, in particular caused by bacterial infections.
The composition of propolis is rich in essential oils, flavonoids, flavonoids, organic acids. Scientists have repeatedly argued that propolis is effective in fighting a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Propolis has no contraindications and side effects (except for individual intolerance), in addition, microorganisms do not develop resistance to it.
Aloe - a long-known medicinal plant, which is popular in our days. In scarlet, except for a multitude of trace elements, vitamins, etc., there is one substance that has a strong antiviral, antiseptic, antifungal effect. In addition, scarlet increases the body's defenses and helps cope with serious diseases.
Mumiye in its principle of action resembles propolis. Scientists have already been shown the presence in the mummy of an antibiotic, which is superior in strength to the effects of penicillin. The solution mummy destroys E. coli, staphylococcus and other pathogenic microorganisms. Take mummies should be a course of no more than 10 days, because there is a strong stimulating effect.
In the composition of chamomile is a large number of essential oils, which have a good anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect on the human body. Also in the composition of chamomile are various acids, glucose, carotene, which are very useful for human health. Modern science has recognized the chamomile as one of the few plants that help a person effectively combat gastrointestinal diseases, nervous disorders, colds, etc. Camomile is also a strong antiseptic and has expectorant properties.
Calendula has a wide variety of uses. Its antibacterial properties of calendula is due to the essential oil entering into its composition. Infusion and flowers of calendula is usually well tolerated by people prone to allergic reactions.
Sage is one of the strong natural antibiotics, which has antiseptic and antiviral properties. Sage has proven itself as an additional remedy in the treatment of diseases that cause various viral and bacterial infections. It is very effective against gram-positive microorganisms (enterococci, staphylococci, etc.).
Essential oils of plants such as sage, cloves, tea tree, fir, lavender, mint, etc. are natural antibiotics that destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi and inhibit the reproduction of microbes.
A good antibiotic for bronchitis
Antibiotics for bronchitis are used in several groups:
- aminopenicillins - act destructively on the walls of bacteria, thus causing the death of microorganisms. Of this group, amoxicillin is often prescribed. The human body does not have components that are similar in structure to the bacterial cell walls, so preparations of this group act solely on microbes and do not have a harmful effect on the body rights. But penicillin antibiotics are more likely than other drugs to provoke severe allergic reactions.
- macrolides - disrupt the production of protein in bacterial cells, as a result, bacteria lose their ability to reproduce. A wide spread of azithromycin, roxithromycin. If the nature of the disease is protracted, drugs of this group can be treated for a long time, without fear that the medicine will harm the body. This group of drugs can be used in childhood, during pregnancy and lactation.
- fluoroquinolones - break the DNA of bacteria, which leads to their death. Usually moxifloxacin, levofloxacin is prescribed. Preparations of this group show a good result in the treatment of various forms of bronchitis, but they are quite expensive. Fluoroquinolones have a wide spectrum of action (an order of magnitude greater than macrolides and aminopenicillins), therefore, with prolonged reception, the development of dysbacteriosis is provoked.
Antibiotics from which group is better, it is rather difficult to say. The drugs of the first line (ie those that the doctor appoints first) are penicillin antibiotics. With individual intolerance or expressed resistance of microorganisms to penicillins, second-line drugs - macrolides are used. If, for some reason, macrolide antibiotics are not effective in treating bronchitis, they switch to fluoroquinolones. Usually, treatment is limited to only three of the above groups of antibiotics, but in some cases, tetracyclines, cephalosporins can be used. In different clinical situations, a drug is selected that is optimally suited to specific conditions, taking into account the analyzes, the patient's condition and the severity of the disease.
Sumamed with bronchitis
Sumamed is used in the treatment of various infectious-inflammatory diseases. This drug belongs to the group of macrolides, it is well absorbed into the digestive tract, it has a good ability to penetrate into the blood and bacteria cells. In particular, the preparation penetrates into the cells responsible for immunity, which contributes to its rapid entry into the focus of the infection, where it destroys the causative agents of the disease. In the focus of inflammation, a sufficiently high concentration of the drug is observed, for a long time, not less than three days, which reduced the course of treatment. Sumamed is prescribed a course three days once a day (500 mg), an hour before meals or two hours later. This antibiotic is active against a large number of pathogens of the upper respiratory tract, ENT organs, soft tissues and skin, joints, bones, as well as against ureaplasma, mycoplasmal, chlamydial infections, which are difficult to cope with treatment.
Antibiotics for bronchitis should be prescribed only after preliminary examination of excreta (sputum) on the sensitivity of bacteria. However, in practice, antibacterial drugs with a broad spectrum of action, such as sumamed, are usually immediately prescribed, and if after the analysis it is established that the bacteria are insensitive to this type of antibiotic, the doctor changes it to another antibacterial a drug.
Usually sumamed by patients is well tolerated and does not cause side reactions if all the necessary admission rules are followed. However, adverse reactions still occur in rare cases (as with any other medication): nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. In the intestine, irritation is not caused by the drug itself, but by a conditionally pathogenic microflora inhabiting the intestine of a person who begins an active life after the destruction of a beneficial microflora. Also intensify the activity of Candida fungus, which threatens the development of candidomycosis (thrush) of the oral cavity, intestines, genital organs and other mucous membranes. Also, Sumamed can disrupt the liver, nervous system (lethargy, insomnia, dizziness, increased excitability, etc.).
In general, sumamed is an effective drug that must be applied correctly and accurately.
Augmentin with bronchitis
Augmentin inhibits the growth of bacteria and acts destructively on microorganisms. The drug refers to the semisynthetic antibiotics of the aminopenicillin group, contains clavulanic acid, which enhances the action of the basic substance. Antibiotic preparation is made in the form of injections, drops, tablets, powder for suspensions. Due to a wide spectrum of action, the drug is used in the treatment of most inflammatory infections caused by bacteria that do not develop resistance to penicillins. Despite the fact that augmentin refers to penicillin antibiotics, its effect on microorganisms is enhanced by clavulanic acid, which blocks the action of beta-lactamase, produced by microorganisms to suppress activity penicillins. As a result, augmentin is effective against a greater number of bacteria than other antibiotics in the bronchitis of the penicillin group.
Adverse reactions in the treatment of augmentin develop quite rarely, in some cases, the emergence of dysbiosis, violations of the liver, nausea, urticaria. Very rarely can anaphylactic shock occur. Do not prescribe augmentin for individual intolerance to penicillins, with hepatic or renal failure, during pregnancy (especially in the first trimester).
The dosage of the drug depends on the patient's condition, the individual sensitivity of the microflora, the age of the patient. For young children (up to a year), the drug is prescribed three times in the form of drops per day for 0, 75 or 1, 25ml. In severe cases, intravenous injections are given every 8 hours. Children 7 - 12 years are prescribed a drug in the form of a syrup or suspension of 5 ml 3 times a day. Children over 12 years of age and adults with a mild and moderate course of the disease are recommended to take the drug three times in the form of tablets per day (by, 75 mg). In severe bronchitis it is recommended to take three times a day, 25 mg (2 tablets). If the hepatic function, the individual dosage of the drug is determined by the attending physician.
Amoxiclav in bronchitis
Amoxiclav is a combined preparation with a wide spectrum of action, it acts perniciously on the majority of microorganisms-pathogens of infectious diseases. Produced by the drug, like many other antibiotics for bronchitis in various forms: tablets, injections, drops and suspensions. The dosage of the drug depends on the age, body weight, severity of the disease. The recommended dose for an adult is 1 tablet three times a day.
Amoxiclav contains an antibiotic of the penicillin series (amoxicillin) and clavulanic acid, which also has a slight antibacterial effect. Due to this, the drug is effective against bacteria that are resistant to penicillin.
Amoxiclav is well absorbed into the digestive tract, penetrates into the blood, from which it enters various tissues, and it also has the ability to penetrate the placenta. The drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys, decomposing into metabolic products. Usually the drug is well tolerated by patients and has virtually no contraindications. You can not use amoxiclav for individual intolerance, violations of the liver, with lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, in children under 12 years (in the form of tablets). After taking the drug in some cases, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and headaches may occur, rarely convulsions appear. Also, the drug has the ability to reduce the defenses of the body.
New generation antibiotics for bronchitis
Antibiotics for bronchitis are usually prescribed with a wide range of effects, although the choice of drugs should depend on the results of a laboratory study of sputum. The best way to treat the disease will be that which has a disastrous effect directly on the causative agent of the disease. This approach to treatment is due to the fact that laboratory analysis takes quite a long time (3-5 days), and treatment should be started as early as possible in order to avoid complications.
In bronchitis, the following groups of antibacterial drugs are used:
- penicillins - the composition includes penicillin and substances that enhance their effect. Penicillin drugs have been used in medicine for quite some time. During this period, microorganisms acquired resistance to the action of penicillin, so it became necessary to strengthen the drugs special substances that will block the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms to reduce activity penicillin. Currently, the most effective antibacterial drugs of the penicillin series are panclav, amoxiclav, augmentin.
- macrolides - are usually prescribed when there is an individual penicillin intolerance. Today, erythromycin and clarithromycin are widely used for the treatment of bronchitis.
- Cephalosporins are usually prescribed for obstructive forms of the disease. Modern effective drugs are ceftriaxone, cefuroxime.
- fluoroquinolones - are commonly used in the treatment of bronchitis in chronic form in the stage of exacerbation, it is recommended to begin treatment from the first days. Today, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin are of great efficacy.
The effectiveness of an antibiotic is determined after a laboratory test for the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora.
How to cure bronchitis without antibiotics?
Bronchitis is a widespread disease of the respiratory tract, so there are many recipes of folk medicine that help effectively fight against viruses and bacteria. Antibiotics for bronchitis are usually appointed in case of detection of a bacterial infection. In other cases, treatment with such drugs will harm the body more.
The most first aid to man in the fight against diseases are the well-known products: onions and garlic. Their action has been known to people for a long time. For the treatment of bronchitis, tincture of onions with honey was widely used. To make a medicine, grate the onion, then add the honey (1 part of honey and 3 parts of onions) to it. Take such a drug you need about three times a day for a tablespoon, after 20-25 minutes a field of food.
Also, the sweetly baked bulb is effectively helped to fight the diseases of the respiratory tract according to the old French recipe. For cooking, you need to remove the core from the half-cut bulb and pour a teaspoon of sugar into the cavity, bake in the oven at 150 degrees to caramelize the sugar.
A debilitating cough will help to defeat milk with sage. A glass of milk will require a tablespoon of herbs, the broth should be boiled for about 10 minutes. Then the mixture is filtered and taken in a warm form in half a cup. The broth should be drunk in small sips.
A good hot drink helps in the fight against bronchitis: tea with the addition of honey, viburnum or raspberry, in which there is a lot of vitamin C to maintain immunity. Certainly you need to consume more citrus (lemon, grapefruit). Good anti-inflammatory and supporting the body properties are decoctions of linden, mint, pine buds. A decoction from a mixture of plantain, licorice root, violet, mother-and-stepmother (mixed in equal amounts, then a tablespoon is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, brought to a boil and boiled for 20 minutes slowly fire). The broth is taken about six times a day for 5 tbsp. spoons.
In addition to broths, various inhalations have good efficacy in the treatment of bronchitis, after which dry mucous moisturizes, calms down, coughs die, directly in the hearth inflammation. Inhalations can be carried out with the addition of various essential oils (fir, pine, eucalyptus).
Antibiotics for bronchitis help cope with a disease that is of bacterial origin, i.e. is caused by the activity in the bronchi of various bacteria. With viral bronchitis (for colds, flu), antibiotics are prescribed only in extreme cases, when the disease threatens with severe complications, there is a risk of developing a bacterial infection, etc. Bronchitis with the right approach to treatment is cured within two weeks. To prevent the disease from turning into a heavier form, it is necessary to comply with bed rest, drink enough liquid (mainly teas with the addition of raspberry jam, viburnum, honey, as well as herbal decoctions of mint, linden, chamomile and etc.).
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Antibiotics for bronchitis in children and adults
Bronchitis is a common disease that in recent years has been chronic in the population, and the signs of bronchitis in adults vary and depend on many factors.
Before the treatment of bronchitis it is necessary to find out the cause that caused the disease. Unfortunately, antibiotics for adults are prescribed empirically in adults, and in some states their purpose is completely inappropriate.
It is known that bronchitis without antibiotics is easily treated if the inflammation has a viral origin, since the virus is not treated with antibacterial agents.
If you take antibiotics during ARVI - this only interferes with the body's defense mechanisms to fight the virus, they depress immune system, lead to the development of dysbacteriosis, allergies, develop the resistance of microorganisms to the drug drug.
Depending on the type of bronchitis the doctor is prescribed the appropriate treatment:
Types of bronchitis
- Acute bronchitis
It is an inflammatory process in the bronchi that occurs most often against the background of Orvi, the flu. With a normal immune response, the body can cope with the virus and in this case antibiotics are not shown. But with the accession of a bacterial infection - pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci, with a severe course of acute bronchitis without antibiotics is indispensable. Symptoms of acute bronchitis: purulent sputum (yellow or green) with a strong cough, temperature 3, -3, C, chest pain. The doctor prescribes expectorants, mucolytic agents for improving the excretion of sputum (bromhexine, lazolvan, chest collection), showing inhalation. With a dry, painful, unproductive cough, the anticancer preparations are shown (Sinekod, Libexin). Well helps therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy, vibrating massage. With timely and adequate treatment, the disease passes quickly, residual phenomena in the form of a cough may persist for 3-4 weeks after the illness.
- Chronical bronchitis
If the number of days of illness in two years exceeds three months, such bronchitis is considered chronic. It is distinguished by the presence of a strong cough with mucus. This can be due to smoking (see. lung cancer and smoking), occupational hazard, allergic reaction and respiratory tract infections.
Separately stands out atypical forms of bronchitis. Mycoplasmal and chlamydial bronchitis are special types of inflammation of the bronchi and lungs, which are caused by such atypical pathogens as chlamydia and mycoplasma. Recently, these bronchitis have become more often diagnosed. Mycoplasmal and chlamydial bronchitis and pneumonia develop slowly, are accompanied by intoxication, have a recurrent and protracted nature, are difficult to treat. In patients other than cough, there is a high body temperature, chills, muscle aches.
Which antibiotic is better
The table provides a choice of treatment depending on the type of bronchitis:
| Types of bronchitis | additional characteristics | Treatment choice |
| Acute bronchitis | Viral etiology | Expectorants, Inhalation Bed rest Abundant drink Bronchitis without antibiotics |
| Chronic uncomplicated bronchitis | Less than 4 exacerbations per year | Aminopenicillins Macrolides |
| Chronic complicated bronchitis | More than 4 relapses per year, the patient's age is more than 65 years | Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav Cephalosporins Macrolides |
| Chronic bronchitis with concomitant diseases | The presence of chronic diseases, diabetes, kidney, heart failure | Fluoroquinolones (in resistant flora, contraindicated in children) |
| Chlamydia bronchitis | It develops in children and in adults with weakened immunity | Tetracyclines Macrolides Fluoroquinolones |
| Mycoplasma bronchitis | It develops in children and in adults with weakened immunity | Macrolides |
- Aminopenicillins - first-line drugs
- Macrolides - second-line drugs
Azithromycin (Sumamed price 540-560 rub. Azithromycin, Azitrox, Hemomycin, Z-factor, Azitrus 140 rub., Azicid, Azitral), Midekamycin (Macropen price 220-230 rubles.). Violate the production of protein in the cells of bacteria, so the microbes stop multiplying.
- Fluoroquinolones - appointed with inefficiency, allergic reactions to the first 2 rows
Levofloxacin (price 430-670 rub.), Ofloksatsin (price 30 - 170 rubles.), Moxifloxacin (Avelox price 1100-1200 rub.). Quite expensive drugs, refer to antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, are contraindicated to children, cause dysbacteriosis, are considered to be preparations of the reserve.
- Cephalosporins
Cefazolin (10-12 rubles a bottle for 1 injection), Ceftriaxone (17-50 rubles per bottle for 1 in.), Cefalexin (capsules 40-50 rubles. for 16 pcs.), Cefixim (Suprax, Panzef, Ixim).
What is the best antibiotic for bronchitis?
This is the one to which the causative agent of the disease is most sensitive. How to determine this, and what antibiotics to drink with bronchitis? The most correct choice of a drug will be after the result of bacterial culture of phlegm on sensitivity to antibacterial agents. The disadvantage of such an analysis is the duration of the result, as well as the fact that the analysis is not done because of savings in reagents or lack of laboratories. Most often, the doctor prescribes a broad spectrum antibiotic according to the standard of treatment.
Antibiotics for children
The use of antimicrobial agents in children with colds is unacceptable, their administration is justified only in case of complication development:
- This may be the case when after the flu virus, ARVI after 4-5 days, the deterioration of the general condition of the child, the rise of high fever, a wet cough with purulent sputum. In this case, call a doctor.
- The safest and most effective drugs that can be prescribed for children are aminopenicillins and macrolides. Cephalosporins and macrolides are prescribed if there is an allergy to penicillins.
- During and after taking antibiotics, the child should take probiotic drugs in between using antibiotics, and after end of the course of treatment to continue the use of Bifiform, Rio Flora Immuno, Acipola, Bifidumbacterin, Linex for another 2-4 weeks (cm. a complete list of probiotics, analogues of Linesque).
The main rules for taking antibiotics
- Continuity of the course of treatment. The doctor evaluates the patient's condition and determines the duration of therapy, usually enough 5-7 days, with macrolide treatment - 5 days.
- Take exactly the time. It is necessary to observe the frequency of reception and maintain the same time intervals (24, 12, 8, 6 hours), that is, if an antibiotic is prescribed 3 times a day, then it is taken every 8 hours. This is necessary to maintain a constant concentration of the drug in the blood. Some antibiotics should be drunk 1 time per day (every 24 hours), others 2 (every 12 hours), some three (8 hours).
- Monitor the effect of the antibiotic. If there is no improvement within 72 hours, then the causative agent to this antibacterial agent is stable and should be changed.
- Continue treatment 2-3 days after the obvious improvement, recovery (see, for example, 11 rules for the correct intake of antibiotics).
For any malaise, cough, temperature, always consult a doctor. Distinguish manifestations of diseases, differentiate the disease, which drug should be chosen better for bronchitis and how to correctly take it, only a specialist can do it. Trust doctors, then you will not have to deal with the situation of complications from untimely or incorrect treatment, as well as with unreasonable intake of medications.
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