Right-sided lower-lobe pneumonia treatment

Treatment of lower lobe right-sided pneumonia

Pneumonia is lower-right-sided is diagnosed much more often than left-sided. This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the respiratory system on this side. The lower section of the right bronchus lies at an angle, which contributes to the accumulation of viruses and bacteria. With a decrease in immunity and inhibition of local protective reactions, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply rapidly. The x-ray image at the same time reflects the symptoms of bronchopneumonia: the presence of darkened focal regions.

If you do not start treatment on time, the disease leads to the destruction of lung tissue and the violation of gas exchange between them and blood. Due to lack of oxygen in the blood, the functions of the remaining organs are violated and the immune system is suppressed. Pneumonia can be focal (infiltrates have sizes up to 11 cm), segmental (affects part of the lung), total (inflammation of the entire organ) and bilateral (both lungs suffer). The diagnosis of right-sided lower-lobe pneumonia means that the inflammatory process is localized in the lower part of the right lung.

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Right-sided pneumonia in children

In children, this disease develops very quickly, without proper treatment, focal infiltrates soon turn into segmental or lobar inflammation. This is due to the fact that the body of the child is not able to produce antibodies to the causative agent of such infection, since he has not yet met with it. The body's response to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the lungs is expressed in the increased activity of alveolar macrophages, which destroy bacteria.

With a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, macrophages can not cope with their task. At some point, the number of microorganisms is so high that macrophages become unable to destroy them in a timely manner. If the pathogens of infection win in this fight, they begin to multiply intensively.Reception of antibiotics allows to avoid the spread of infection and the occurrence of serious complications.

Pneumonia in children has the following symptoms: elevated body temperature, cough with sputum discharge, runny nose, rapid breathing. Low-floor pneumonia can lead to the following complications: a decrease in the volume of lung tissue, accumulation fluid in the pleural cavity, narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi, allergic reactions from other organs, abscess lung.

Lower-right-side right pneumonia is characterized by the following features, according to which the disease can be diagnosed even without radiography: pain in the right side of the chest, severe fever, fever, separation of viscous sputum when coughing, the appearance of blood in it, severe chest pains with deep inhalation. In children, these symptoms are less pronounced, making it difficult to make a final diagnosis. The lost time contributes to the development of complications. According to statistics, pneumonia in children in the early stages is detected only in half the cases. This is due to the fact that parents are not always able to notice the first symptoms of this disease in their child, taking pneumonia for an ordinary cold. Pneumonia, complicated by pleurisy, is treated only in a hospital.

Therapy of right-sided pneumonia is outpatient rather complicated. Even with all the necessary medications, the inflammatory focus can expand, capturing the whole lung.

Inflammation of the lungs in children is most often associated with viral infections, usually this disease occurs in the autumn-winter season. With weakened immunity against the background of influenza most often it is right-sided pneumonia. Viral inflammation of the lungs in children has the following features: acute form of the disease, dry cough during the first stages of the disease, fever, extensive infection of lung tissue.

Treatment of right-sided pneumonia in adults

Timely diagnosis of the disease not only allows you to properly treat it, but also significantly reduces the timing of therapy. Proper treatment of pneumonia involves taking antibiotics. If the use of an antibacterial agent does not give a proper result, it is considered that the causative agent of the infection is insensitive to the drug. Antibiotics should only help the body cope with the infection, so treatment should be directed not only to the destruction of pathogens, but also to an increase in protective reactions immunity.

Very often doctors either increase the dose of the drug, or choose stronger antibiotics. However, in the treatment of pneumonia this is unacceptable: such drugs can lead to pathologies of other organs. Long-term use of antibiotics is allowed only in the chronic course of the disease.

Treatment of right-sided pneumonia in children

In the treatment of this disease, antibiotics are also used in children. Therapy must be started immediately. It is carried out under bacteriological control even before determining the causative agent of infection. To this end, sputum smear microscopy is performed and the pathogen is injected into the nutrient medium. Antibiotics are prescribed in such doses that they are constantly present in the blood throughout the course of treatment. Usually they are used until the body temperature drops to normal. Then the body's own defenses must turn on. Many doctors believe that the patient must necessarily undergo a 5-day course of treatment with antibacterial drugs, otherwise pathogenic microorganisms will develop antibiotic resistance.

However, in the course of recent studies, it was found that with the correct dosage of the drug, bacteria die in the first days of treatment. A longer reception of antibiotics in a child is not advisable, as this leads to undesirable side effects. To monitor the disappearance of foci of inflammation, an X-ray examination is performed. The damage from irradiation will be less than from the wrong reception of antibiotics.

The cause of pneumonia in children is most often caused by infections caused by streptococci, pneumococci and hemophilic rod.

These bacteria die after 4 days of taking antibiotics. If the inflammation of the lungs is caused by mycoplasma, legionella or chlamydia, the course of treatment is increased to a week. If the effect of taking the drug is not observed within 2 days, the treatment is replaced. In severe complications of right-sided pneumonia, administration of several antibacterial agents is prescribed.

With prolonged use of antibiotics, children may develop symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis. Therefore, antibiotic therapy should be combined with the intake of B vitamins. After the abolition of antibiotics prescribe drugs that restore healthy intestinal microflora.

When treating a physician should carefully monitor the immune system of the child: antibiotics contribute to the suppression of his functions.

The effectiveness of the therapy is assessed by the following criteria: normalization of the general condition the decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood, the temperature drop, the absence of dyspnea and pus in phlegm.

With symptomatic treatment, the amount of sputum to be separated should decrease, small bubbling rales and hard breathing cease.

Treatment of pneumonia with folk remedies

The drugs described below do not replace traditional treatment, but they can be a good addition to it. To support the immunity of the child with antibiotic therapy, the following remedy helps: 750 g of honey is boiled with 100 g of birch buds for 5-7 minutes. After that, honey is filtered. 1 hour l. medicines are bred in a glass of water and taken every night before going to bed within a year.

Compresses with leaves of plantain help well in the treatment of pneumonia. They need to be rinsed with warm water and allowed to dry. After that, the leaves are applied to the back, chest and sides, covered with cellophane and woolen cloth. The procedure is best done before bedtime. Such a compress can be made from honey. Back and chest should be smeared with honey and covered with a tissue moistened with vodka.

Polyethylene and warm cloth are put on top. The procedure is recommended to be performed 2 times a day.

respiratoria.ru

Community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, treatment. Prevention of community-acquired pneumonia

Community-acquired pneumonia is considered to be the most common infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. Most often, this ailment is the cause of death from various infections. This occurs as a result of a decrease in the immunity of people and the rapid adaptation of pathogens to antibiotics.

What is community acquired pneumonia?

This is an infectious disease of the lower respiratory tract. Community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults develops in most cases as a complication of a viral infection. The name of pneumonia characterizes the conditions of its occurrence. The person is ill at home, without any contact with the medical institution.

Pneumonia in an adult

Adults most often get pneumonia due to ingestion of bacteria, which are the causative agents of the disease. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults does not depend on geographical zones and socio-economic relations.

Throughout life on the airways and lungs of a person are constantly affected by pathogens: viruses and parasites. On the way to the lungs, bacteria encounter protective barriers, which are represented by the upper respiratory tract and the oropharynx. If these barriers are overcome by pathogenic organisms - bacteria, viruses and fungi, infection begins to develop.

What is pneumonia?

This disease is divided into three types:

Light pneumonia is the largest group. She is treated out-patiently, at home.
The disease is of medium severity. Such pneumonia is treated in the hospital. The peculiarity of this group is that most patients have chronic diseases.
Severe form of pneumonia. She is treated only in the hospital, in the intensive care unit.

Community-acquired pneumonia happens:

Focal. A small area of the lungs is inflamed.
Segmental. Characteristic is the defeat of one or at once several parts of the organ.
The equity. Some part of the body is damaged.
The total. The defeat is all the lungs.

Community-acquired pneumonia is one-sided and two-sided, right-sided and left-sided.

Symptoms

The body temperature rises.
There is a chill and weakness.
Decreased efficiency and appetite.
Sweating appears, especially at night.
The head, joints and muscles aches.
The consciousness gets confused and the orientation is broken, if the disease is in severe form.
Pain in the chest.
Herpes can appear.

Pain in the abdomen, diarrhea and vomiting.
Shortness of breath, which occurs during exercise. When a person is at rest, this does not happen.

Causes

Community-acquired pneumonia develops when microbes enter the weakened human body and cause inflammation. The causes of the disease are as follows:

Subcooling the body.
Viral infections.
Concomitant diseases: diabetes, heart, lungs and others.
Weakened immunity.
Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Long stay on bed.
Postponed operations.
Elderly age.

Pathogens of the disease

Pneumococci (most often the cause of the disease).
Staphylococci.
Atypical pathogens: mycoplasma and chlamydia.
Klebsiella.
Viruses.
Pneumocystis.
Intestinal bacillus.
Haemophilus influenzae.

Diagnostics

During the examination, it is very important to identify and evaluate the clinical symptoms of the disease, such as fever, chest pain, cough with phlegm. Therefore, if a person has community-acquired pneumonia, the history of the disease is mandatory for every patient. In it, the doctor records all the patient's complaints and appointments. To confirm the diagnosis, a radiological examination is carried out: chest x-ray. Clinical manifestations of community-acquired pneumonia are:

Cough with discharge of muco-purulent sputum, in which veins of blood are present.
Pain in the chest during breathing and coughing.
Fever and shortness of breath.
Trembling of the voice.
Chryps.

Sometimes the symptoms differ from those typical for this disease, which makes it difficult to establish the correct diagnosis and determine the method of treatment.

Radiation examination

The patient is assigned radiography if he has community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis by the radiation method involves the examination of the organs of the chest cavity in the anterior part of it. The image is taken in a straight and a side view. The patient underwent an X-ray examination as soon as he consulted a doctor, and then half a month after the treatment with antibacterial agents began. But this procedure can be carried out earlier, if the treatment has complications or the clinical picture of the disease has changed significantly.

The main sign of community-acquired pneumonia during X-ray examination is the compaction of lung tissue, a darkening is determined in the picture. If there are no signs of densification, then there is no pneumonia.

Lower-lobe right-sided pneumonia

Many patients go to the hospital when they are disturbed by such symptoms as dyspnoea, cough, accompanied by discharge of mucous sputum, an increase in temperature to 39 degrees, pain with a sensation of tingling on the right side under edge. After hearing complaints of the patient, the doctor examines it, listens and probes where necessary. If it is suspected that the patient has a community-acquired right-sided pneumonia, which, as a rule, occurs much more often (why we pay special attention to it), he is assigned a full examination:

Laboratory tests: general, clinical and biochemical blood analysis, urine and sputum analysis.
Instrumental studies, including chest radiography, fibroblochoscopy and electrocardiograms. The form of darkening on the radiographic image allows us to clarify the diagnosis, and fibroscopy - to reveal the involvement of bronchi and trachea in the process of inflammation.

If the results of all tests confirm that the patient has a right-side community-acquired pneumonia, the medical history is supplemented. Before starting therapy, the patient's chart records the results of studies on all indicators. This is necessary in order to carry out its adjustment as necessary.

Laboratory and instrumental studies can show inflammation of the lower right lobe of the lung. This is another story of the disease. Community-acquired lower-lobe pneumonia - this will be the diagnosis. When it is accurately established, the doctor prescribes a treatment that is individual for each patient.

How to treat community-acquired pneumonia?

Patients with this diagnosis can be treated both in a hospital and at home. If a patient has community-acquired pneumonia, the history of the disease is mandatory, regardless of the place of treatment. Patients in out-patient treatment are conventionally divided into two groups. The first refers to people under 60 years of age who do not have concomitant diseases. The second - over 60 or people with concomitant diseases (of any age). When a person has community-acquired pneumonia, treatment is performed with antibacterial drugs.

For patients of the first group, the following are appointed:

"Amoxicillin" with a dosage of -1 g or "Amoxicillin / Clavulanate" 25 grams at a time. Accepted during the day 3 times.
An alternative to these drugs may be: "Clarithromycin" or "Roxithromycin" in a dosage of, g, and 5 g, respectively. Take twice a day. Can be appointed "Azithromycin which is taken once a day in the amount of, g.
If there is a suspicion that the disease is caused by an atypical pathogen, the doctor may prescribe "Levofloxacin" or "Moxifloxacin" in g, g, g, respectively. Both drugs are taken once a day.

If patients of the second group have community-acquired pneumonia, the treatment is performed using the following drugs:

"Amoxicillin / clavulanate" is prescribed three times a day for, 25 g or twice a day for 1 g, "Cefuroxime" should be taken in an amount, g at one time twice a day.
Alternative drugs may be prescribed: "Levofloxacin" or "Moxifloxacin" in g, g, g, respectively, once a day per day. "Ceftriaxone" is prescribed for 1-2 grams intramuscularly, too, once a day.

Treatment of the disease in children

Community-acquired pneumonia in children with uncomplicated form of the disease, depending on age, is treated with the following drugs:

Children under 6 months are prescribed: "Josamycin" twice a day for a week in the calculation of 20 mg per one kilogram of body weight. Maybe "Azithromycin" - the daily norm should not exceed 5 mg per kilogram of body weight, the duration of treatment - 5 days.
Children under the age of 5 years are prescribed "Amoxicillin" inside 25 mg / kg twice a day, the duration of treatment is 5 days. Can appoint "Amoxicillin / clavulanate" in recalculation per kilogram of body weight 40-50 mg or "Cefuroxin aksetil" dosage of 20-40 mg / kg, respectively. Both drugs are taken twice a day, the duration of treatment is 5 days.
Children older than 5 years are prescribed "Amoxicillin" with a dosage of 25 mg / kg in the morning and in the evening. If there are suspicions of SARS, prescribe "Josamycin" inside, increasing the dosage to 40 mg / kg per day for a week or "Azithromycin" according to the scheme: 1 day - 10 mg / kg, then 5 mg / kg for 5 days. If there is no positive result in treatment, you can replace "Amoxicillin" at a rate of 50 mg / kg once a day.

Preventive measures for the prevention of disease

Preventive maintenance of community-acquired pneumonia is carried out using pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. If necessary, they are injected simultaneously, only in different hands. For this purpose, a 23-valent unconjugated vaccine is used. It is introduced:

People who are over 50 years old.
Persons living in nursing homes.
Adults and children with chronic lung, heart and vascular disease or under constant medical supervision.
Children and adolescents (from six months to adulthood) who have been taking aspirin for a long time.
Pregnant women 2-3 rd term.
Doctors, nurses and the rest of the hospital staff and outpatient clinics.
Employees of nursing departments.
To family members of those people who are at risk.
Medical workers caring for the sick at home.

Prevention of community-acquired pneumonia is:

The correct way of life, which involves exercise, regular long walks in the fresh air, active rest.
A balanced healthy diet with a normal content of proteins, vitamins and trace elements.
Annual vaccination of children and adults against influenza, which is done before the onset of the cold season. Very often, the flu gives a complication. A person gets pneumonia, which is difficult.
Life without hypothermia and drafts.
Daily cleaning and airing of the room.
Frequent washing of hands and rinsing of nasal passages.
Restriction of contacts with patients with ARI.
In the period of mass spread of infection, the intake of honey and garlic. They are excellent immunostimulating agents.
If you become infected with flu yourself or your child, do not self-medicate, but call a doctor.

syl.ru

Pneumonia. right-sided lower-lobe pneumonia-is this serious? and whether it is possible to treat at home ??

Answers:

Lisa

Uncle, if the diagnosis was made, then the treatment is prescribed, usually - an antibiotic or even two, physio procedures. if pneumonia is severe, treated only in a hospital, is fraught with the development of tuberculosis and hemoptysis

Allone allday

It is possible, I now myself fly something similar. At home. Soon I'm going to work.

Natalya Frolova

Pneumonia is usually treated in the hospital, because you need injections 4 times a day, droppers, daily check-ups, regular tests.

Irina Pevgova (Mitroshina)

If pneumonia is mild or moderate, then treatment at home. Children are better to be hospitalized.

Andrey Gavrilenko

And what does the doctor recommend, to be treated out-patient or in a hospital? Decide whether you listen to him or not, but everyone has one life, which means that if you start self-medication and disrupt the treatment regime, then you are guaranteed complicate the situation by weighting pneumonia, the development of acute bacterial destruction of the lungs with the development of abscesses with pus, or worse - gangrene light. Automatically get into the department of purulent surgery, where you will be waiting for a lot of tortuous therapeutic entertainment in the form of terribly painful punctures of the chest from different points for conducting a puncture, draining, re-draining the pleural cavities, or the abscess itself, spitting on stinking pus and blood for you for the next time will become the norm + solution the question of carrying out the removal of a part of the lung, or the entire lung (lobectomy, pneumonectomy), and this is already a guaranteed disability and a significant decrease in the quality and duration life. Lying in a purulent department in a difficult condition, you will be well at least 3 months, being under a painful drainage vacuum, which of your potential future rotting lungs will be pumped out in liters pus. And the most sad and the most frequent for violators of the regime is death from polyorganic insufficiency, by this time a person will look like a prisoner of Asvencem.
Think about whether you should go to such a future, when you can avoid all of the above described, clearly following the appointments of a physician pulmonologist.

Boris Aizikovich

it is possible in principle, but on the condition that a hospital at home

Zefir

It is possible, depending on how old the patient is, and whether all the appointments of the attending physician will be exactly fulfilled. Also mandatory, Rg piles. cl. and UAC.

Olya

If there is an opportunity to create all conditions for treatment at home - it is better to treat at home.

Just LANA

Pneumonia is an insidious disease and requires constant monitoring, at any moment the condition of the child may worsen, so do not risk children's health. Children under three years old are most often hospitalized, for constant monitoring of the condition and to avoid the development of complications. Older children can be left at home, provided that parents strictly follow all the recommendations.

Causes of the appearance of polysegmental pneumonia

Polysegmentary pneumonia (especially bilateral) is one of the most difficult illnesses and requires prompt treatment. The fact is that bilateral polysergmental pneumonia always develops rapidly, leading to a complication of breathing and even death.

With this type of disease of any type (bilateral, right-sided or left-sided), inflammatory effects on the lung epithelium occur. This inflammation disrupts work in several functional segments (they are called lung areas containing alveoli in large numbers). There is a rapid progress of the disease, which eventually becomes the cause of respiratory failure.

Polysegmentary pneumonia: causes of appearance

The conclusion of roentgenography about polysergment pneumonia is established by specialists when a patient pulmonary tissue inflammation foci that can be placed in different segments from either side or from 2 sides Simultaneously.

When this ailment occurs, children experience painful sensations, because in their lungs throughout the entire The disease is irritated by the pleura (it acts as a protective shell), which is located above the pulmonary fields.Contains a pleura of a lot of nerve endings, which causes irritation and pain.The lungs themselves do not have receptors sensitive to pain, so serious bilateral inflammation does not always immediately detected until the patient has performed the radiographic procedure or noticed the first signs.

The causes of polysegmental ailment can be different, the main ones are:

the emergence of bacterial infections, such as staphylococcus, pneumococcus, chlamydia or mycoplasma;
lung damage by viruses;
affliction with ailments of a number of parasitic and fungal.

One of the serious features of polysegmental pneumonia in children is considered immediate type hypersensitivity (medical workers use the abbreviation STI). It arises in the region of pulmonary lesions in the form of tissue edema, which is rapidly developing.

Most often hypersensitivity of the immediate type occurs with pneumococcal infection, since its antigens are most similar to proteins of the body, in view of which immunity is unstable, not recognizing antigens GNT. In this case, the immune system perceives its proteins as bacterial antigens and subsequently begins to destroy them. In adults, such a reaction occurs when there is a right-sided lower-lobe polysegmental pneumonia in the body. Hypersensitivity immediate type contributes to the deterioration of the patient due to increased inflammatory effects on the body.

Signs of the emerging polysegmental inflammation

Polysegmental type of inflammation in patients of any age includes symptoms of intoxication or bronchopulmonary category. The first aggravate the course of the disease in the patient and are revealed by muscle weakness, dizziness, headaches, chills, feverish condition and painful sensations in the joints.

Signs of intoxication syndrome:

Polysegmentary inflammation with an intoxication syndrome is always accompanied by an elevated temperature reaching 39-40 ° C. Development of the disease is lightning fast and is most often provoked by pneumococcal pneumonia. The pneumonia itself is characterized by constantly high fever (it almost does not fall off even for several days), gradual decrease in temperature is promoted by adequate treatment.
A significant chill in some cases is a precursor of feverish sensations lasting for several hours, the patient is sweating at this time. When the epithelium of the lung is damaged, the concentration of pathogens increases, which contributes to the deterioration of the blood supply to the brain due to the increase in the viscosity of the blood. At the same time there are dizziness and headaches.
Violation of pulmonary epithelium in children occurs due to staphylococcal or streptococcal ailment and contributes to a stable elevated temperature to 40 ° C. The medical workers gave this fever the name febris continua, the translation of which means "constant fever". Pneumococcal pneumonia in children is capable of causing fulminant fever, accompanied by a visual intoxication syndrome. This type of fever may not occur for several days.
Croupous child pneumonia is accompanied by an intoxication syndrome. This type of pneumonia is very rare. Clinical signs of polysegmental are similar to those of segmental pneumonia. It manifests in children in the form of dyspnea, wheezing and weakened breathing, and the localization of foci occurs mainly in the upper parts of the lungs. To clarify the defeat of the segments, the x-ray is done in 2 projections. In this case, the shadow of infiltration is homogeneous and intense.
Polysegmentary pneumonia promotes the formation of muscle weakness in patients. The reason for this is a low fluidity of the blood, which in the future disrupts the saturation of the body with oxygen.
A similar pathogenesis arises in the joints, accompanied by painful sensations in them. This is due to the deterioration of microcirculation in the periosteum.

Symptoms of bronchopulmonary syndrome

With the accumulation of infiltrates in the body and reproduction of pathogens in the respiratory tract, bronchopulmonary syndrome occurs.
There are the following main symptoms:

the appearance of hoarseness during breathing and talking, which appear due to edema of the walls of the bronchi;
cough with sputum;
When inflammation occurs in the pleural sheets painful sensations occur in the chest.

A normal organism uses the cilia of the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract to remove pathogens. If the cilia are not working properly, or if infectious bacteria enter the lower parts, bacteria are eliminated by means of bronchial cuts in the form of a cough.

Polysegmentary pneumonia promotes large accumulation of fluid, the body removes it through a protracted cough. With pneumonia, the cough lasts until the respiratory system is completely cleansed.

Pain sensations in the areas of the lungs' lesions occur due to inflammation of the pleura, which has irritations in lesions in any form of the pleural leaf. With pleurisy, polysergmental pneumonia exacerbates pain or causes severe pain in the chest during sharp movements.

All of the above symptoms are factors of pneumonia. To confirm them, you need to take a radiograph. All these signs are the reason for an early visit to the pulmonologist, in order to avoid serious complications.

How is polysegmental pneumonia treated?

Treatment of one- or two-sided pneumonia is possible by using antibacterial drugs and medications.

The etiology of pathogens in children and adults is different, so the therapy involves the use of different antibiotics.

The best time will be timely treatment, when medical specialists will be able to sow crops in a short time bacteria that are the consequence of an ailment in a special environment, and determine the sensitivity of the disease to antibiotics. Within 2 weeks of therapy, the physician prescribes broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. Also, treatment includes the elimination of existing complications or their prevention.

Two-sided, right-sided or left-sided polysergmental pneumonia is a disease that can not be triggered in any case. Its development can lead to respiratory insufficiency and death.