Flu symptoms treatment prevention

Influenza: symptoms, treatment, complications, prevention

Influenza is an acute viral infection, transmitted mainly by airborne droplets from an infected person. The disease begins swiftly. This is what distinguishes influenza from ARI. A few hours after the introduction of viruses, in rare cases after a day or two, the infected feels chills, body temperature rises to subfebrile or febrile markers, there are signs of a general intoxication.

Get rid of a viral infectionvery quickly is impossible. However, the symptomatic treatment of influenza that is started in time can help improve well-being and prevent the development of serious complications that can disable for a long period of time.

The first symptoms of influenza

The first symptoms of influenza, as a rule, manifest themselves against the background of absolute health. The body temperature rises, there is a headache, aches in joints, general weakness and malaise, lacrimation, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat. Nausea, diarrhea may occur, as active decay of viral proteins causes signs of intoxication or poisoning.

In severe influenza, body temperature rises to 39-41 degrees, disturbing abundant sweating, catarrhal symptoms intensify, cough becomes dry with pronounced pain for sternum. In addition, dryness in the nasopharynx, nasal bleeding, convulsive seizures are noted.

What viruses cause the flu

The flu virus began to be studied in 1931. Already in 1933, the influenza A virus was identified, which causes serious pandemics. Three years later, a group B virus was isolated. And only 11 years later, the most little-known type of influenza with the C virus was detected.

It is worth noting, the most serious is the flu with the virus type A. Mass outbreaks lead the majority of the population to long-term disability, as often serious complications arise and long-term treatment is required. At the first symptoms of flu, consult a doctor.

The type B virus does not cause massive pandemics. Several countries are involved in the epidemic. The danger lies in the fact that on the territory of one country the virus type A and B can occur simultaneously.

The influenza type C virus is poorly understood. The disease caused by this virus is mild. Often the patient carries it on his feet, which is the cause of pneumonia, bronchitis.

Treatment of influenza

With the flu, you should not self-medicate. It is necessary to call a doctor from the polyclinic and stay at home, so as not to endanger the infection of others.

What can I do before the doctor comes?:

1. Observe the bed rest.
2. Drink a lot of liquid: will suit the juice, juice, mineral water, tea with milk.
3. Use medicines for symptomatic treatment: Arbidol, Teraflu, Kagocel, Antigrippin, Fervex, Ingavirin, Amiksin, Anvi-Max, Grippferon.

What will the doctor prescribe for the flu:

• continue symptomatic treatment;
• take antitussive medicines: "Broncholitin "Pertusin "Bromhexine
• do inhalation with infusions of calendula, sage, chamomile, mint, pine buds;
• to support immunity with the help of Aflubin, Cycloferon, Interferon;
• multivitamin complexes "Aerovit "Alphabet "Supradin
• washing of the nasopharynx with decoctions of herbs or antiseptic solutions;
• irrigation of the nasopharynx with the help of "Cameton "Ingalipt".

With the flu, which takes place in severe form, the patient is hospitalized and is given a course of inpatient treatment, using intravenous infusions of drugs that support the work of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, respiratory function.

Folk Influenza Treatment

Traditional medicine recommends the use of influenza juice honey with black radish, garlic, onions, lemons with honey or sugar, hot tea with milk and honey, warming your feet with mustard, poured in socks.

All folk methods are based on centuries of experience. But using only these drugs is effective only in conjunction with the main treatment prescribed by a doctor.

Complications of influenza

After the flu complications occur in 50-60% of patients. Especially prone to complications are elderly and weakened patients, children, as well as those who have had flu on their legs and have not used symptomatic treatment.

Do not forget,self-treatment of influenza is dangerous to healthand can lead to serious complications.

In case of complications, antibacterial preparations of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed: "Cephaloridine "Cephalot "Summed "Cepafactoxim "Cefixim". The most effective medicine can be selected only by a doctor after a diagnostic examination. Doses of pharmaceuticals and the timing of therapy should also be recommended by an experienced practitioner.

Prevention of influenza

The best prevention of influenza is timely vaccination. Modern vaccines are coping well enough and the chance of getting sick is decreasing. To deliver the vaccine. It is necessary to contact the polyclinic.

If the timely vaccination was not carried out or contraindicated for some reason, during the epidemic you need to wear a cotton-gauze dressing, avoid visiting places with large concentrations of people, take "tsikloferon" or use interferons according to the instructions manufacturer.

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Than the flu and ARVI are similar and than they differ

With the onset of autumn, along with the cold and rains come the flu and SARS. Traditionally, the peak of diseases occurs during the winter, and most of our country is covered by this viral infection within 5 weeks. According to statistics, among all infectious diseases, flu and cold are the most common and account for 95% of all infections.Such diseases are dangerous complications. The flu is divided into several types: A, B and C. Type "A" in terms of severity is average and heavy. He is equally affected by people and animals. Species "B" most often fall ill children. Type "C" has not been sufficiently studied. Symptoms of the disease do not appear or are present only slightly. The flu virus is capable of mutating, and doctors have to look for new ways to fight it. That's why vaccinations need to be done every year.

Signs of the appearance of influenza

This disease has a number of characteristic features:

1. The temperature rises to 39 ° C and above, which lasts for 5 days.
2. Chills.
3. Misery and weakness.
4. Sometimes nausea and vomiting.
5. Pain in the muscles and cramps.
6. Violation of breathing, usually in the direction of acceleration.
7. Hallucinations and delirium.

These symptoms manifest themselves within 24-48 hours and indicate an intoxication of the body. Anyone with the flu will accurately identify the time when the disease manifested itself. In addition to signs of intoxication, flu and cold are also manifested by common characteristic signs:

• coryza;
• cough;
• lacrimation.

The main way of transmission of the virus is airborne. During sneezing or coughing, parts of the virus scatter with sputum for 2-3 meters. This is enough to infect a nearby person. The peak of the disease is 3-5 days from the beginning. The patient recovers within 8-10 days, if complications do not arise. After the disease, the risk of picking up any other one remains for 3 weeks. Often people confuse the flu with ARVI and ARI.

Forms of development of the disease

The manifestation of signs of the disease affects many factors. For example, the level of immunity, general health, the presence of bad habits. These factors determine one of the following three forms of the disease:

1. Light form. The temperature remains normal or rises slightly. Symptoms of intoxication are not present or they are weakly shown.
2. Medium-heavy. The temperature rises to 39.5 ° C, and the standard symptoms of influenza appear: pain in the muscles and joints, coughing, chest pain, runny nose, drying of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx, respiratory failure.
3. Heavy form. The temperature rises to 40.5 ° C. The patient has convulsive seizures, nosebleeds, hallucinations and vomiting. The fever lasts from 2 to 4 days, and the disease passes through 10 days. After recovery, the weakness persists for 3 more weeks.

What are ARI and ARVI?

A fairly high incidence is observed not only in the flu, but also in ARI and ARVI.

ARI - acute respiratory disease - combines ARVI (acute viral respiratory infection), colds and exacerbation of chronic infections of the nasopharynx. This term is generalizing for several diseases. SARS cause many pathogens, among them 5 viruses and 300 of their subtypes. Since the way of infection by viruses is airborne, the incidence is very high.

Acute viral respiratory infection has its own symptoms and signs other than influenza:

1. The disease begins gradually. First there is a runny nose, fatigue, weakness and drowsiness. Symptoms develop within the first 2 days.
2. The body temperature rises to 38 ° C and not higher, passes through 2-3 days.
3. There are no symptoms of intoxication, characteristic of influenza. The virus acts on the eyes, causing conjunctivitis, tearing.
4. There is a stuffy nose, swelling of the mucous nasopharynx, sometimes there is sneezing and a strong cold.
5. The throat and tonsils turn red and become friable. Appears dryness, pain and choking in the throat, the voice changes.
6. Cough. It can be dry or with sputum, different in intensity.
7. Often enlarged lymph nodes, on mucous white coating.
8. The disease with an acute viral infection lasts about 2 weeks. After treatment, the patient has no weakness and headaches.

How is ARI treated?

It should be aimed at eliminating the virus and the symptoms of the disease. In addition, you must follow certain rules of life. Stay in bed for 5 days. Rest and prolonged sleep is necessary. During illness the person strongly sweats, and to avoid dehydration, it is necessary a plentiful drink. The amount of liquid must be at least 2 liters per day. It is better to drink a drink with a high content of vitamin C. It's fruit drinks, tea with lemon, briar infusion. In combination with perspiration, copious drinking will help eliminate toxins that are formed during the life of the virus. In addition to these rules, it is necessary to conduct timely and thorough treatment, which is as follows:

1. Use of anti-inflammatory drugs (paracetamol). They reduce the temperature and reduce the headache. It should be remembered that a decrease in temperature by such means is necessary only if it is above 38 ° C.
2. Getting rid of the cold. Nasal drops have the property of narrowing the vessels and thereby reducing swelling and eliminating obstruction. But you can not use such drops for a long time, as rhinitis can develop. There is a thickening of the mucous membrane, which causes dependence on such drugs.
3. Treatment of pain in the throat. Rinses infusions of herbs and ready-made solutions greatly alleviate pain, relieve inflammation and have an anti-inflammatory effect.
4. Cough medicine. Their goal is to dilute sputum so that it can go out easier.

Many with this disease begin to be treated with antibiotics. This can not be done in any case. Antibiotics are powerless against viruses, and their unreasonable use is addictive, and at the right time an antibiotic simply will not have an effect.

Complications after the flu and its prevention

If this disease is not treated in time, then the complications of the disease will be negative consequences. There are viral complications and bacterial.

Viral can develop into such diseases as:

1. Pneumonia, which is rare, but is quite a serious illness. The virus spreads from the upper respiratory tract deep into the bronchi and lungs. The disease progresses, there is a strong intoxication, manifested by shortness of breath, and in some cases, respiratory failure.
2. Infectious-toxic shock. The work of the heart and its system is disrupted.
3. Bacterial pneumonia. Symptoms - cough and sputum greenish. It is treated with antibiotics.

Bacterial complications are expressed by the following diseases:

1. Otitis and sinusitis. Inflamed nasal sinuses and ears. These complications are considered the most common.
2. Glomerulonephritis. Renal tubules become inflamed, and kidney function decreases.
3. Meningitis and encephalitis, that is, inflammation of the membrane or brain tissue.
4. Septic states. They are accompanied by the ingression and multiplication of bacteria in the blood. This is a very serious complication, which often ends with the death of the patient.

To reduce the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory disease, it is necessary to exclude the virus from entering the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and eyes. It is necessary to reduce or completely exclude contact with a sick person. In this case, an important role is played by the level of immunity. Full nutrition is the main rule for strong immunity. The menu should be balanced and contain the necessary amount of useful substances. It is necessary to avoid the use of harmful products and pay attention to natural simple food. Vegetables, dairy products, cereals are rich in necessary elements that help strengthen the body. In the autumn, you can additionally take complex vitamins. Physical exercises mobilize the strength of the body, accelerate the metabolism and strengthen the overall health of the person. Harmful habits significantly increase the risk of the disease, as when smoking the lungs are weakened by nicotine.

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Annual vaccination and prevention will significantly reduce the risk of getting sick.

Vaccines are updated every year due to changes in the influenza virus, so vaccination should be annual.

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Influenza: types of influenza, symptoms, treatment, prevention

Influenza is a viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets, affecting the respiratory system, part of the ARVI group that causes severe complications, such as pneumonia, hearing loss, vision, death.

Annually, in addition to known, new viruses with altered RNA, causing the flu, appear. Types of influenza A, B, C. Each year, there are bursts of epidemics.

It is considered that the virus of group C is the least dangerous, since it does not cause epidemics, confining itself to respiratory diseases without coughing and fever.

The virus of group A includes the following strains: H1N1, H1N2, H3N2. Previously, not known the most dangerous strain of influenza A / H1N1, or swine flu, without timely, adequate treatment can lead to death.

Constant modification or mutation of the virus allows it to easily evade the immunity of the carrier (human, birds, artiodactyls). While the previously infected carrier is susceptible to influenza throughout life, that is, the host's body produces antibodies against the virus that caused the flu. The types of influenza that attacked a person or an animal will not be perceived by the immune system in the future and will pox the body again, and until the time of antibody production the disease will proceed at full speed.

Most people have innate immunity, but you can resort to vaccination.

Every year, more than 25 percent of the world's population develops seasonal The number of deaths associated with this disease ranges from , 00 to 5, 00 (mean per year - 38900).

Seasonal flu affects people every year from the beginning of September to the end of May, while there is unstable raw weather.

Symptoms of seasonal flu

Often a person can not always immediately distinguish seasonal flu from a cold, because the symptoms they have are quite similar: sputum discharge, thick discharge, nasal congestion, headache, weakness, heaviness in muscles and joints, increase temperature. Although the majority of the disease passes for seven days without any medical assistance, it is still very It is dangerous to treat the disease yourself, without the involvement of specialists, in some cases it is fraught with complications.

Complications of influenza can occur in:

• bacterial pneumonia;
• sinusitis, deafness, infectious diseases of the inner ear;
• dehydration of the body;
• inflammation of the heart muscle.

There is a certain group of people for whom any influenza virus can be very dangerous:

• elderly men aged sixty-two;
• women from sixty-seven years of age and older;
• babies and preschoolers.

Treatment of seasonal influenza is recommended to be carried out with such drugs as "Teraflu" Kodelak "Panadol" Dr. Mom. "

Prevention measures that are most effective against a viral disease: wearing an antiviral dressing, timely vaccination, the use of an antiseptic for hand disinfection, the intake of vitamins, and the use of fruits and vegetables.

Avian influenza in humans

Signs of H5N1 flu are similar to the initial symptoms of the seasonal virus: fever, cough, heaviness in the muscles. In this case, the developed complications in the form of pneumonia or breathing problems result in a lethal outcome in 70-85% of cases. The severity of the disease depends on the patient's immunity or vaccination and on how dangerous this strain of influenza is for a single organism.

The largest number of infected H5N1 was recorded in Mexico, Taiwan, Japan, Canada. Currently, there are no cases recorded by medicine, when the carrier of the H5N1 virus was a human, but the bird flu continues to be a disease that can be fatal.

Prevention of a dangerous disease

There is no reliable data on the transmission of the avian influenza virus from humans to humans, but there are cases when infection occurred with direct contact with an infected bird or through surfaces contaminated with fecal feathered masses peddlers.

Infection from meat or eggs is impossible, since heat treatment kills the virus.

To protect yourself from the virus, you must:

1. Eat only eggs and meat after careful heat treatment for thirty minutes at 60-65 degrees;
2. Wash hands with soap for at least twenty seconds, use an antiseptic in situations where a full washing is impossible.
3. Cook poultry meat on a separate cutting board and in a separate bowl.
4. Remove from the diet raw eggs and eggs with semi-salty (liquid) yolk.
5. Avoid contact with an infected person if contact was unavoidable, should be measured temperature for three days at least twice a day, and also to monitor the appearance of symptoms in for a week.
6. During a pandemic and in dealing with a patient, it is recommended to wear a mask, changing it every three hours.
7. Eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C.

Remember! Annual vaccination against seasonal influenza does not contribute to the development of immunity against avian influenza.

Effective drugs for the treatment of the H5N1 virus

In detecting early symptoms of avian influenza, patients are prescribed broad-spectrum inhibitors, such as neuraminidases.

Usually, drugs are used for drug treatment: "Oseltamivir" Zanimivir "Relenza". If the temperature is raised to 38 degrees, it is recommended to use antipyretic, for example, paracetamol. When complicating the disease and suspected of pneumonia, antibiotics are prescribed.

In some cases, the use of "Antihypin" Analgin "Aspirin" can lead to severe consequences, for example, deafness.

H1N1 or a new flu, known as pork

For the first time, swine flu cases were reported in the United Kingdom (England) in 2009, within a few months the virus spread to two hundred countries, continents.

As a rule, the symptoms of all viral infections are very similar, and the swine flu is no exception. Types of influenza, such as A and C, show the same symptoms as H1N1, but unlike it do not go so painfully and do not give complications in the form of pulmonary pneumonia.

Symptoms of the H1N1 virus

Infected with an increase in temperature to 38-40 degrees, abnormal migraine, nasal congestion in combination with a runny nose, swelling of the throat, fatigue, dry cough and shortness of breath, heaviness in the muscles and joints, signs poisoning.

The course of the disease depends on the health and immune system of the individual, however, according to the data, all Those infected with H1N1 started treatment in the first seven days of the disease, so the treatment was successful and without complications.

Risk group

In case of infection with a virus in a risk group:

• women in the 1-3 trimester of pregnancy;
• elderly people at the age of sixty years;
• babies and children under seven;
• people suffering from chronic diseases: pneumonia, pyelonephritis, diabetes, congenital heart disease, cholecystitis, seasonal asthma.

If symptoms of H1N1 are found, you should consult a doctor, if there is no way to call an ambulance, you can start treatment with antiviral drugs: "Temiflu" Relenza "Zanomovir to enhance the effect of the shock dose should be taken in the first forty-eight hours.

Swine flu in children is treated mainly by means of "Temiflu" and "Relenza but they need to be applied with a special caution, since probably the manifestation of side effects, such as: heaviness in the abdomen, migraine, signs acute poisoning.

New flu can be treated with timely vaccination, it is especially important to vaccinate people at risk.

Avoid infection if you do not neglect the following measures:

• Use a disposable napkin for coughing and sneezing;
• observe the hygiene of the hands and face;
• ventilate the premises, maintain the cleanliness of household items;
• use a protective dressing;
• to carry out a timely vaccination.

Swine flu in children is usually epidemic.

The most bloody influenza virus in history

"Spaniard or Spanish flu - a virus that has claimed a huge number of lives in the history of human existence. From history it is known that in 1920-1921 (over 20 months) more than 600 million people were infected, i.е. 30 percent of the world's population. According to the number of deaths, this epidemic is among the most large-scale disasters in the history of mankind. The virus that causes such dangerous epidemics - A / 1HN1.

Symptoms of the disease:

1. Gray-blue complexion.
2. Cyanosis.
3. Infectious pneumonia.
4. Coughing with blood.
5. The more severe stages are accompanied by the presence of blood in the lungs, which subsequently leads to death from suffocation.

The disease can pass and is asymptomatic, but in this case the patient dies after a few days.

The Spanish flu acquired its name because of the place in which the pandemic was first recorded - in Spain.

Gastrointestinal influenza

Types of influenza, such as rotavirus infection or gastroenteritis, are in fact not considered to be influenza, because The causative agent of the disease is calicivirus, which leads to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract rights. In general, this disease affects children under the age of seven, and in rare cases, adults. At the same time, intestinal flu in adults with a strong immune system can proceed in a latent form, full recovery in this case occurs within a week.

Usually, the virus enters the body with non-observance of personal hygiene. In people, gastric flu was called "disease of dirty hands."

Symptoms and treatment of gastric flu

A few hours before the onset of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, there is a cough with phlegm, signs of sore throat, runny nose, which go away in a few days.

When the first signs of the disease appear, you should consult a doctor who prescribes medicinal enzymes to improve the digestive tract, such as "Activated charcoal filter" Smecta "Polysorb".

Quarantine for influenza

Quarantine is a measure aimed at preventing viral diseases. The term of quarantine, depending on the severity of the disease and the number of infected, is an average of one week.

Most often, quarantine for influenza at school or kindergarten is announced, this is due to the fact that the immune system in the child is not yet formed, and the body can not resist infection.

Quarantine is declared if more than 20 percent of children are absent from the school.

Before the expected epidemic, it is necessary to vaccinate adults and children (with the permission of the parents), to ventilate the premises, disinfect the work surfaces, and avoid a large crowd of people. It is important to remember, during the quarantine period for influenza or ARVI, preventive vaccinations and Mantoux reaction are prohibited.

Preventive measures for influenza

Doctors recommend to strengthen their body and immunity throughout the year with the help of hardening, physical education, proper nutrition and intake of vitamins and minerals. The most effective way is vaccination against influenza two to three months before the expected epidemic. In addition, in public places it is necessary to wear protective masks, changing them every three hours.

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Flu 2016 - symptoms, treatment

Annually, viral agents of acute respiratory infections are mutated, and as a result, epidemiological indicators inevitably increase. In the current period, a record number of cases fell on influenza 2016 - symptoms and treatment of this pathologies are complicated by the appearance of new antigenic strains resistant to preventive measures and vaccination. These include subtypes of the virus group A (H1N1, H2N2) and B.

Prevention and treatment of early symptoms of influenza 2016

According to the conclusion of the World Health Organization, the only true measure of prevention is vaccination. This year, the vaccines include 3 prevalent strains of influenza:

• A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 (H3N2);
• A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09 is the main virus;
• B / Phuket / 3073/2013.

Despite the proven efficacy of existing vaccines, they work only in 80% of cases, so therapists advise using additional antiviral drugs.

For the treatment of the first symptoms of influenza 2016, it is recommended to use the following tools in the incubation period:

• Tamiflu;
• Relenza;
• Tyloron;
• Cycloferon;
• Kagocel;
• Arbidol;
• Ergoferon;
• Ingavirin;
• Anaferon.

It is worth noting that Relenza and Tamiflu are effective only in the first 48 hours with the appearance of early signs of the disease. If therapy begins later, it is advisable to use the remaining drugs from the list.

The main symptoms and treatment of influenza during the 2016 epidemic

With a normally functioning immune system, the clinical manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections are poorly expressed and do not even require special therapy.

In those cases when there is a severe variant of the course of influenza, the following characteristic signs appear:

• a sharp rise in body temperature above 3, degrees;
• severe weakness and drowsiness;
• reduced working capacity;
• dizziness;
• profuse sweating;
• photophobia;
• the occurrence of cough and cold only after 2-3 days from the debut of the disease;
• painful sensations behind the sternum, in the trachea;
• aches in large joints and muscles;
• nausea;
• redness of the eyes, lacrimation;
• headache;
• feeling of heaviness in the region of the superciliary arches;
• difficulty breathing on inspiration;
• dyspnea.

Rarely, such manifestations of intoxication as vomiting and indigestion are associated.

For all types of influenza, a single treatment algorithm has long been developed:

• bed rest;
• daily airing of the room;
• frequent wet cleaning;
• abundant drinking;
• diet with the predominance of light soups, boiled meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits;
• reception of vitamins (Supradin, Vitrum).

The drug approach is to alleviate the main signs of the disease.

To treat the symptoms of influenza 2016, anti-inflammatory drugs are used - Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and their analogues. They can reduce the severity of pain syndromes, aches in joints, reduce body temperature.

If there are additional signs (cough, swelling of the mucous membranes, runny nose), appropriate medications are prescribed:

• mucolytics;
• antihistamines;
• vasoconstrictor.

It is important to remember that therapy of progressive symptoms is carried out only under the supervision of a doctor, since ARVI often causes complications in the form of pneumonia, otitis and sinusitis.

Treatment of flu symptoms in 2016 folk remedies

Unconventional medicine refers to symptomatic therapy, trying to use it to cure severe forms of influenza is very dangerous.

Simple and effective folk methods of alleviating the signs of ARVI:

1. Every day, eat a clove of garlic or a little onions, deeply inhale their scent.
2. In drinking water, add fresh lemon juice (1 tbsp. spoon for 1 liter).
3. Use warm compotes or water-diluted jam.
4. Instead of tea, take herbal decoctions based on the flowers of chamomile, raspberry and currant leaves, hips.
5. Make hot 10-minute hand baths.

WomanAdvice.ru

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