The knee joint is one of the most overloaded elements in the human musculoskeletal system. He often has the weight of the greater part of his body, so he is prone to destruction and vulnerable to disease.
With age or under the influence of various factors - injuries, ruptures of the internal meniscus, hypothermia, inflammatory and infectious processes - the cartilaginous tissue is thinner, and the bones begin to rub against each other, are injured and cause severe pain to a person, limiting movement.
When the disease is too late to be treated with a medicamental method, modern medicine suggests prosthetic knee replacement.
Content
- 1Operation of knee endoprosthetics
- 2Pros and cons of endoprosthetics
- 3What can and can not be done after surgery
- 4Complex of measures for knee recovery after surgery
Operation of knee endoprosthetics
The operation is necessary:
- people with degenerative-dystrophic diseases, that is, with arthrosis;
- those with rheumatoid arthritis;
- with improperly fused parts of the bone.
The operation lasts a couple of hours. The patient is anesthetized or nervous blockade is performed, which continues to eliminate pain syndromes within 24 hours after surgery.
The joint is opened with the help of a cut, the kneecap is carefully moved aside, the surgeon removes excessive bone growths formed as a result of rubbing bones against each other as a kind of protective reaction organism. Also, the doctor weakens the tension of the soft tissues around the joint, which, as it were, returns it to its original state.
The worn out part of the remains of the cartilaginous tissue is carefully cut off, and in its place an ideally fitted prosthesis is placed. In this case, the ends of the bones are covered with special metal nozzles-an anatomically adapted prosthesis on the femoral bone and a titanium plate on the tibia, which is additionally fastened with liners for smooth glide the joint.
The prosthesis is fixed with a special bone cement or cementless fixation is used, after which the operated joint is sutured and fixed with a tire or even gypsum.
Pros and cons of endoprosthetics
Endoprosthetics of knee joints have their pros and cons.
To the indisputableplusesinclude the resumption of free movement, the disappearance of lameness and pain.
But this procedure has its ownNegative consequences. For example, after endoprosthetics, an infection may develop, although statistics indicate a small percentage of the occurrence of such cases.
The recovery process takes quite a long time - about two months. At the same time, it takes a while to get used to walking with a prosthesis.
Some orthopedic physicians are in favor of carrying out arthroscopy, during which the operative intervention is minimal, and recovery after arthroscopy is faster and easier than after prosthetics.
Arthroscopy is indicated when the lesions are insignificant and the restoration of the cartilage is still possible by taking special preparations and a set of other measures. In this case, it is sufficient to correct the dislocation, remove the bone formations or weaken the tension of the muscles around the joint. But, when the cartilage tissue is damaged thoroughly, this procedure gives only temporary relief.
Patients who have undergone prosthetics often panic and do not know what to do if the prosthesis jams. Unfortunately, this also can happen. This is due to the malfunctioning of the muscles surrounding the joint and prosthesis. With the appearance of pain, they can not be overcome, you need to take a comfortable position at rest, try to move your foot. If the feeling of tightness does not pass, you should consult your doctor. This situation is not critical and reparable.
After the operation, blood clots and inflammations are also possible. So, each person should decide for himself: what for it outweighs - the pros or cons of prosthetics.
What can and can not be done after surgery
The rehabilitation period is quite long and takes about a couple of months. The patient can walk a couple of days after the operation, but will be limited to a tire or gypsum imposed on the knee, which is removed after a while, depending on the wound healing speed.
Sportafter endoprosthetics is allowed only a few months after the operation and only after consulting a doctor who will tell you what loads are allowed to perform. About great sports, for sure, will have to be forgotten, although physical therapy is not only not prohibited, but also shown for the development of the joint from the first days after the operation.
Physiotherapyat endoprosthetics of the knee joint are prohibited in the first months after the operation and are undesirable after. Because of metal inserts, magnetic resonance therapy can cause pain and damage to tissues surrounding the prosthesis.
Massages, warm baths and saunasare also prohibited in the first months after prosthetics, as they increase the risk of blood clots. After the operation, a sparing diet of cereals, kissels and fermented milk products is shown.
After the operation, the patient will be able to do almost everything the same thing as a healthy person without musculoskeletal injuries, that is, engage in physical activity. But there are some limitations. Also, what can not be done is to carry out heavy loads, squat with weights, run up and down the uneven and inclined terrain.
Complex of measures for knee recovery after surgery
Rehabilitation after surgery includes a diet the first 24 hours after the operation. The patient is taught to walk on crutches in the first days while the joint heals.
The correct physical loads are important, which contribute to getting used to the prosthesis, fouling it with muscle tissue.It will be useful to rehabilitate the patient in a special sanatorium, where he will be able to undergo a comprehensive recovery after surgery for knee replacement.Under the supervision of qualified personnel and in a calm, relaxing environment, the patient will undergo a course of exercise therapy, swim in the pool, take mineral baths, eat right in the sanatorium dining room.
Exercises after surgery are performed by the patient from the first days after the operation. First - it's light, gentle movements, over time the doctor makes up an individual complex that includes stretching the muscles, strengthening the outer and inner surfaces of the thigh and gluteal muscles.
In the beginning, the exercises are performed only while lying or sitting and only with time, when the healing of the joint was successful and there is no inflammatory process, possible standing exercises, walking, etc. A good result is given by aqua aerobics and swimming, but before that you need to consult with doctor.
Prosthesis of the knee joint allows a person to re-feel free and able perform simple actions, rather than feel disabled, locked and limited in their own body.
