Tendonitis of the shoulder joint: diagnosis and treatment

With increased chronic stress, the shoulder joint does not have time to adapt to them. Develop sites of inflammation first in the tendon bag or vagina of the joint, and then they extend to the tendon itself, so develops tendonitis. This disease is diagnosed not only in humans, animals are also susceptible to it. The risk group includes professional athletes, those whose profession is associated with constant heavy physical exertion, as well as people over 45 years of age.

Types of disease

Tendonitis of the shoulder joint is called the inflammatory process, which is localized in the tissues that connect the bone with the muscles. Inflammation is more common in the place of contact of the tendon and bone, and also along the tendon fibers. Depending on the location, causes and course of the disease, several types of tendonitis of the shoulder joint are distinguished. Treatment of the disease directly depends on its type.

Depending on the localization and the causes of the development of the disease, there are:

1. Calcifying form of tendinitis, which develops due to the deposition of salts and is manifested by the appearance of pain when moving the hand, especially when trying to lift it up.
2. Terrible tendonitis- develops as a result of injuring the capsule of the supraspinatus and is manifested by the appearance of permanent pulling pains in the shoulder.
3. Inflammation of the biceps tendon- most common in swimmers and tennis players.
4. Tendonitis, which develops after an injuryand manifested acute severe pain.

According to the nature of the course of the disease is divided into the following types:acute and chronic tendonitis.

Causes of the disease

The main causes of the disease are:

• constant increased workload in sports (especially susceptible to this disease people who are engaged in tennis, swimming, handball, throwing the nucleus, volleyball, gymnastics), as well as those whose profession is associated with the burden on the hands (the list can include almost all construction specialties, drivers);
• frequent microtraumas of the joint capsule or tendon due to increased human activity;
• the presence of an anamnesis of diseases of the osteoarticular system (arthritis, osteochondrosis, gout, dysplasia).

In addition to the main reasons, there are factors that can trigger the development of the disease in the body.

Such factors include:

• acquired or congenital pathology, the result of which may be a decrease in the elasticity and elasticity of the tendons;
• acute diseases of infectious nature;
• chronic stress or depression, which cause a decrease in the activity of the immune system;
• an allergy to medications can also provoke the appearance of pain in the shoulder of the left or right hand;
• incorrect posture and presence of cervical osteochondrosis;
• a long period of time spent in the plaster leads to stagnation in the muscles and joint, which is the cause of the appearance of pain;
• disease of the endocrine system,
• prolonged exposure in the rain or draft.

Main clinical manifestations of the disease

The first manifestation of tendonitis is pain in the shoulders, the cause of which can not be determined immediately. In the beginning, the painful sensations disturb the patient only during movement, with the development of the inflammatory process, they begin to appear at rest or during sleep. Over time, pain can radiate to the elbow area.

Movement in the joint is somewhat limited: a person can not raise his hand up to get something off the shelf or get dressed, the problem can also become a shower. Local manifestations include a small swelling in the shoulder area, reddening (flushing) of the skin and a slight increase in their temperature (local hyperthermia).

If the inflammation of the tendons is ignored for a long time, it can lead to a partial orcomplete atrophy of muscle tissue, which is treated much more difficultly.

Principles of treatment

Treatment of the disease depends on the severity of its course and degree of development.

Immobilization

Mobility limitation- a necessary measure of treatment of tendonitis of the shoulder. For immobilization, you can use an elastic bandage or special bandages-bandages, with more severe lesions requires splinting. Cold compresses are used as an auxiliary therapy.

Medication Therapy

For the removal of the inflammatory process and the relief of pain attacks, medicament preparations of the following groups are used:

1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nimes, nimesil, ketarol, nurofen) - these drugs must be taken twice a day after meals, no more than five to seven days, since they all negatively affect the mucous membrane of the stomach, therefore, their administration is contraindicated in people with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum anamnesis.
2. In more severe forms of the disease, injections of steroid drugs are prescribed - injections are made directly into the joints, relieve inflammation and eliminate pain syndrome - this is a symptomatic treatment for tendonitis. It is important to develop a joint every day under the supervision of a specialist.

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment

These include shock-wave, laser, magnetic therapy, treatment with ultraviolet rays and ultrasound, applications of mud and paraffin, electrophoresis with lidase.

Surgical methods of treatment

Indications for the use of surgical methods for the treatment of tendonitis of the shoulder is the failure of conservative treatment.

With tendonitis, the following methods can be used:

1. Redress under general anesthesia- manipulation of the rupture of the joint capsule in order to ensure its mobility.
2. Arthroscopy- surgical intervention, in which through small incisions under the control of an arthroscope, a targeted excision of the damaged parts of the capula is made.
3. Removing salts- is performed with calcifying tendinitis. To do this, two needles with wide holes are introduced into the joint, through which the salt deposits are washed out.

For normal functioning after treatment it is necessary to avoid heavy loads on the arm, but it is impossible to completely limit it from movements. Only movement in the joint will lead to the rapid achievement of positive results. It must be remembered that during the treatment it is impossible to begin to develop the joint by yourself and select the sets of exercises - all this must be done by the doctor.