Antibiotics for otitis media in adults

Symptoms and treatment of otitis in adults

Content:

• Ear anatomy
• Causes of otitis media
• Pathogens of the disease
• The clinical picture is the symptoms of otitis
• General principles of diagnosis
• Treatment of external otitis media
• Treatment of otitis media and labyrinthitis in adults
• Prevention of otitis

Otitis is an ear inflammation, a general term for any infectious processes in the hearing organ. Depending on the affected area of ​​the ear, the outer, middle and inner otitis (labyrinthitis) are secreted. Otitis occurs frequently. Ten per cent of the world's population suffered from external otitis during their lifetime.

Annually in the world 709 million new cases of acute otitis media are registered. More than half of these episodes occur in children under 5 years of age, but adults also suffer from inflammation of the middle ear. Labyrinthitis, as a rule, is a complication of otitis media and is relatively rare.

Ear anatomy

For a better understanding of the subject, it is necessary to briefly recall the anatomy of the organ of hearing.

The components of the outer ear are the auricle and auditory canal. The role of the external ear is to trap the sound wave and carry it to the eardrum.

The middle ear is the tympanic membrane, the drum cavity containing the chain of auditory ossicles, and the auditory tube.

In the tympanic cavity, there is an increase in the sound vibrations, after which the sound wave follows the inner ear. The function of the auditory tube connecting the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the ventilation of the tympanum.

The inner ear contains the so-called "cochlea" - a complex sensory organ in which sound vibrations are converted into an electrical signal. An electrical impulse follows the auditory nerve into the brain, carrying coded information about the sound.

External otitis media

Otitis externa is an inflammation of the auditory canal. It can be diffuse, and can proceed in the form of a furuncle. When diffuse external otitis affects the skin of the entire ear canal. Furuncle is a limited inflammation of the skin of the external ear.

Average otitis media

With an average otitis inflammation occurs in the tympanum. There are many forms and variants of the course of this disease. It can be catarrhal and purulent, perforative and non-perforative, acute and chronic. When otitis can develop complications.

The most common complications of otitis media include mastoiditis (inflammation of the occipital bone of the temporal bone), meningitis (inflammation of the brain membranes), abscess (abscess) of the brain, labyrinthitis.

Labyrinthite

Internal otitis almost never is an independent disease. Almost always it is a complication of the inflammation of the middle ear. Unlike other types of otitis, its main symptom is not pain, but hearing loss and dizziness.

Causes of otitis media

• After getting contaminated water - most often the external otitis occurs after the ingestion of water containing the causative agent of the disease into the ear. That is why the second name of this disease is "swimmer's ear".
• Injury of the skin of the external auditory canal - in addition to the presence of infection in the water, there must also be local conditions predisposing to the development of inflammation: microcracks of the skin, etc. Otherwise, each of our contact with unboiled water would result in the development of inflammation in ear.
• Complication of SARS, sinusitis - in this case, the causative agent of middle otitis penetrates into the tympanum completely from the other side, the so-called rhinotubar path, that is, through the auditory tube. Usually, the infection gets into the ear from the nose, when a person is sick with ARVI, runny nose or sinusitis. In case of a serious inflammation of the middle ear, the infection can spread to the inner ear.
• With infectious diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypothermia against a background of reduced immunity, the risk of inflammation in the middle ear increases. Bruising through 2 nostrils (wrong), coughing and sneezing increase the pressure in the nasopharynx, which leads to the ingress of infected mucus into the middle ear cavity.
• Mechanical removal of earwax - it is a protective barrier against infections.
• High air temperature and high humidity.
• Contact with foreign objects in the ear.
• Use of hearing aids.
• Such diseases as seborrheic dermatitis on the face, eczema, psoriasis.
• The causes of development of acute otitis media are also genetic location, immunodeficiency states, HIV infection.

Pathogens of the disease

Pathogens of external otitis can be bacteria or fungi. Especially often found in the ear canal are microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. For the fungi of the genus Candida and Aspergillus, the skin of the ear canal is one of the favorite places in the body: it's dark, and after bathing it's still wet.

The causative agents of otitis media, and therefore internal, can be viruses and bacteria. Fungal infection of the middle ear is also found, but much less often than the external one. The most common bacterial pathogens of otitis media are pneumococcus, hemophilic rod, moraxella.

The clinical picture is the symptoms of otitis

• Pain is the main symptom of otitis media. The intensity of pain can be different:
  • from barely perceptible to unbearable
  • character - pulsing, shooting

  It is very difficult, it is often impossible to independently distinguish painful sensations with external otitis from painful sensations with inflammation of the middle ear. The only clue can be the fact that with external otitis pain should be felt when touching the skin at the entrance to the ear canal.

• Hearing loss is a fickle symptom. It can be present with both external otitis media, and with an average, may be absent in both these forms of ear inflammation.
• Increase in temperature - most often there is an increase in body temperature, however, this is also an optional feature.
• Discharge from the ear with external otitis occur almost always. After all, nothing prevents the inflammatory fluid from escaping outward.

With the average otitis, if the perforation (hole) is not formed in the tympanic membrane, there is no secretion of their ear. The suppuration from the ear canal begins after the appearance of a communication between the middle ear and the auditory meatus.

I emphasize that perforation can not be formed even with purulent otitis. Patients suffering from otitis media often ask where pus will go if it does not break out. It's very simple - he will go out through the auditory tube.

• Ear noise (see Fig. causes of noise in the ears), ear congestion is possible with any form of the disease.
• When the inflammation of the inner ear develops, dizziness (causes) may appear.

Acute otitis media occurs in 3 stages:

Acute catarrhal otitis - the patient experiences severe pain, worse by night, with coughing, sneezing, she can give in temple, teeth, be stabbing, pulsating, drilling, hearing loss, appetite, weakness and high fever 39C.

Acute purulent otitis - there is accumulation of pus in the middle ear cavity, followed by perforation and suppuration, which may be on day 2-3 of the disease. In this period, the temperature drops, the pain decreases, the doctor can make a small puncture (paracentesis), if there is no independent rupture of the tympanic membrane.

Restorative stage - suppuration stops, the defect of the tympanic membrane closes (fusion of the edges), the hearing is restored within 2-3 weeks.

General principles of diagnosis

In most cases, the diagnosis of acute otitis media does not cause difficulties. High-tech research methods are needed infrequently, the ear is well visible to the eye. The doctor examines the tympanic membrane with a head reflector (a mirror with a hole in the middle) through the ear funnel or a special optical device - the otoscope.

An interesting device for the diagnosis of otitis was developed by the famous corporation Apple. It is an oscopic attachment for the camera phone. It is assumed that with the help of this gadget, parents will be able to photograph the baby's eardrum (or their own) and send photos for consultation to their doctor.

Diagnosis of external otitis media

Examining the ear of a patient suffering from external otitis, the doctor sees redness of the skin, narrowing of the auditory canal and the presence of liquid secretions in its lumen. The degree of narrowing of the ear canal is such that the tympanic membrane is not visible at all. When inflammation of the external ear of other examinations except for the inspection is usually not necessary.

Diagnosis of otitis media and labyrinthitis

In acute inflammation of the middle ear, the main way to establish a diagnosis is also an examination. The main signs that allow diagnosing "acute otitis media" are reddening of the tympanic membrane, limitation of its mobility, and the presence of perforation.

• How is the mobility of the tympanic membrane checked?

People are asked to inflate their cheeks without opening their mouths, that is, "blowing their ears". This reception is called the maneuver of Valsalva, named after the Italian anatomist, who lived at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. It is widely used by divers and divers to equalize the pressure in the drum cavity in deep water descent.

When a jet of air enters the middle ear cavity, the eardrum moves slightly and this is noticeable with the eye. If the drum cavity is filled with inflammatory fluid, no air will enter it and the eardrum will not move. After the appearance of suppuration from the ear, the doctor can observe the presence of perforation in the tympanic membrane.

• Audiometry

Sometimes to determine the nature of the disease may need audiometry (hearing on the apparatus) or tympanometry (measurement of pressure inside the ear). However, these methods of hearing tests are more often used in chronic otitis media.

The diagnosis of the labyrinthitis is usually made when the acuteness of the middle otitis suddenly sharply decreases acuteness of the hearing and dizziness appears. Audiometry in this situation is mandatory. You also need an examination of a neurologist and an oculist.

• CT and X-ray

The need for X-ray studies occurs when there is a suspicion of complications of the disease - mastoiditis or intracranial infection. Fortunately, such cases are rare. In a situation where complications are suspected, a computer tomography of the temporal bones and brain is usually performed.

• Bacterial sowing

Do I need a smear to determine the bacterial flora? A unequivocal answer to this question is not easy. The problem is that, due to the peculiarities of bacterial culture, the response of this examination will be received 6-7 days after the removal of the smear, that is, by the time when the otitis is almost gone. Moreover, with a medium otitis without a perforation, a smear is useless, since the microbes are behind the tympanic membrane.

And yet a smear is better to do. In the event that the application of the first-line drug does not bring recovery, after receiving the results of a bacterial study, treatment can be adjusted.

Treatment of external otitis media

The main treatment for external otitis media in adults is ear drops. If a person does not have immunodeficiency (HIV infection, diabetes mellitus), antibiotics in tablets are usually not needed.

Ear drops can contain only an antibacterial drug or be combined - have an antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory substance. The course of treatment takes 5-7 days. Most often for the therapy of external otitis media apply:

Antibiotics:

• Ciprofarm (Ukraine, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride)
• Normax (100-140 rubles, norfloxacin)
• Otofa (170-220 rubles, rifamycin)

Corticosteroids + antibiotics:

• Sophradex (170-220 rub., Dexamethasone, Framicetin, gramicidin)
• Candybiotic (210-280 rub., Beclomethasone, lidocaine, clotrimazole, Chloramphenicol)

Antiseptic:

• Miramistin (250-280 rubles, with a nebulizer)

The last two drugs also have antifungal properties. If the external otitis has a fungal origin, antifungal ointments are actively used: clotrimazole (Candide), natamycin (Pimafucin, Pimafucort).

In addition to ear drops, the doctor can recommend an ointment with the active substance Mupirocin (Bactroban 500-600 rub, Supirocin 300 rubles) for the treatment of external otitis media. It is important that the drug does not have a negative effect on the normal skin microflora, and there are data on the activity of mupirocin against fungi.

Treatment of otitis media and labyrinthitis in adults

Antibiotic therapy

The main treatment for middle otitis media is an antibiotic. However, the treatment of otitis antibiotics in adults is another controversial issue of modern medicine. The fact is that with this disease is very high percentage of self-recovery - more than 90%.

There was a period of time in the late 20th century, when on a wave of enthusiasm antibiotics were prescribed to almost all patients with otitis. However, it is now considered permissible the first two days after the onset of pain to dispense with antibiotics. If after two days there is no tendency to improve, then an antibacterial drug is already prescribed. For all types of otitis media may be required for oral administration.

In this case, of course, the patient must be under medical supervision. The decision on the need for antibiotics is very responsible and should only be taken by a doctor. On the scales on the one hand, the possible side effects of antibiotic therapy, on the other - the fact that every year in the world of complications of otitis deaths of 28 thousand people.

The main antibiotics, which are used in the treatment of otitis media in adults:

• Amoxicillin - Ospamox, Flemoxin, Amosin, Ecobol, Flemoxin solute
• Aamoxicillin with clavulanic acid - Augmentin, Flemoclav, Ecoclav
• Cefuroxime - Zinnat, Aksetin, Zinacef, Cefurus and other drugs.

The course of antibiotic therapy should be 7-10 days.

Ear drops

Ear drops are also widely prescribed for inflammation of the middle ear. It is important to remember that there is a fundamental difference between drops, which are prescribed before the perforation of the tympanic membrane and after its appearance. Let me remind you, the sign of perforation is the appearance of suppuration.

Before the appearance of perforation, droplets with an analgesic effect are prescribed. These include drugs such as:

• Otinum - (150-190 rub) - choline salicylate
• Otipaks (220 rubles), Otirelaks (140 rubles) - lidocaine and phenazone
• Otizol - phenazone, benzocaine, phenylephrine hydrochloride

Drops with an antibiotic does not make any sense to dig in this phase, as the inflammation goes behind the impenetrable eardrum for them.

After the appearance of the perforation, the pain passes and it is no longer possible to drip painkillers, as they can damage the sensitive cells of the cochlea. When a perforation occurs, access for drops inside the middle ear appears, so you can instill drops containing an antibiotic. However, ototoxic antibiotics (gentamicin, Framicetinum, Neomycin, Polymyxin B), preparations containing phenazone, alcohols or choline salicylate can not be used.

Drops with an antibiotic, the use of which is acceptable in the treatment of otitis in adults: "Tsiprofarm "Normaks "Otofa "Miramistin" and others.

Paracentesis or tympanotomy

In some situations with inflammation of the middle ear may need a small surgical intervention - paracentesis (or tympanotomy) of the tympanic membrane. It is believed that the need for paracentesis arises, if the background of antibiotic therapy for three days, the pain still continues to bother the person. Paracentesis is performed under local anesthesia: a special incision in the tympanic membrane makes a small incision through which pus begins to exit. This incision is beautifully overgrown after the cessation of suppuration.

Treatment of labyrinthitis is a complex medical problem and is conducted in a hospital under the control of an ENT doctor and neurologist. In addition to antibiotic therapy, funds are needed to improve microcirculation inside the cochlea, neuroprotective drugs (protecting the nervous tissue from damage).

Prevention of otitis

Preventive measures for external otitis are the thorough drying of the ear canal after bathing. Also, avoid traumatizing the ear canal - do not use keys and pins as an ear instrument.

For people who often suffer from inflammation of the external ear, there are drops based on olive oil, which protect the skin when swimming in a pond, for example, "Vaxol".

Prevention of otitis media consists of general strengthening measures - hardening, vitamin therapy, administration of immunomodulators (drugs that improve immunity). It is also important to treat diseases of the nose in a timely manner, which are the main causative factor in inflammation of the middle ear.

zdravotvet.ru

Treatment of otitis in adults. Effective treatment of otitis

Otitis is an inflammatory ear disease. In order to understand why the disease occurs and what processes are taking place, consider the anatomical structure of the hearing organ and the process by which it perceives information.

Ear structure

The human ear has a very complex structure, which can be divided into three sections: the outer, middle and inner ear. The outer ear is the auricle, which perceives sound waves, directing them into the external auditory canal. The outer and middle ear are separated by a tympanic membrane, which conditionally represents a hymen or a film.

The middle ear is a cavity, a space in the temporal bone with three hearing bones located in it - a hammer, an anvil and a staple. It should be noted that the middle ear is closely related to the nasopharynx. Functionally, bones strengthen the received sound vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear. The inner ear is a labyrinth of membranes in the stony section of the temporal bone with many bends filled with liquid. The vibrations coming from the middle ear are transferred to a liquid that already affects the receptors. So information is transmitted to the brain in the form of nerve impulses.

The concept, types of otitis. Causes

Otitis is a disease that can develop in any of the three parts of the ear, depending on the place in which the inflammatory process occurs, distinguish:

1. Otitis of the external ear.
2. Otitis of the middle ear.
3. Inflammation of the inner ear (or labyrinthitis).

Causes that contribute to the onset of the disease or aggravate its course, many, but the main ones include:

• diseases of the nasopharynx, leading to swelling and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the middle ear;
• diseases that suppress and weaken the immune system (influenza, measles);
• supercooling;
• getting into the ear of cold water;
• trauma and various injuries of the tympanic membrane, which may cause infection in the middle ear cavity;
• genetic predisposition.

By nature, the causative agent causing the disease, otitis is divided into:

1. Viral.
2. Bacterial.
3. Fungal.

Let us consider in more detail the inflammatory processes that occur in each of the three parts of the human ear, the symptoms and possible complications of otitis.

External otitis media. Classification. Symptoms

External otitis is an inflammation of the skin of the auricle along with the external auditory canal, which is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. There are two types of external otitis media: limited and diffuse.

In most cases, limited inflammation is represented by furunculosis - the formation of boils. Furuncle - acute purulent process of the sebaceous gland or hair follicle, caused by pyogenic bacteria. If there are favorable factors in the human body, including chronic infection, diabetes mellitus, local trauma and skin contamination, insect bites, staphylococcal microflora begins to actively provoke the inflammatory process.

Sometimes the disease is a complication of a previous flu or may be caused by an allergic reaction to medications. Signs of external otitis are itching; pain that occurs when touching an inflamed ear; redness and swelling of the skin of the external auditory canal, or auricle; sometimes the temperature may rise body. Hearing, as a rule, while not suffering.

Spilled otitis externa is an inflammation of the external ear, which very often can spread to the eardrum.

According to the duration of the disease, the external otitis is classified into acute and chronic. The latter is a consequence of the lack of treatment or incorrect treatment of the acute form of the disease.

Otitis of the external ear is considered to be the mildest type of disease in comparison with otitis media of the middle ear and internal otitis media and often does not lead to serious complications, although sometimes it can cause an increase in the lymph nodes system. Inflammation of the mucosa grows into a malignant form (tissue necrosis) in the presence of a person associated with severe functional diseases (diabetes) or the virus of immunodeficiency. But such cases, fortunately, are rare.

Otitis media. Classification and symptoms

Of all forms of otitis, both in children and adults, inflammation of the middle ear is most common. As noted earlier, the nature of the disease can be bacterial and viral. Among the bacteria, the main pathogens are streptococci or a hemophilic rod. To viruses that cause inflammation, you can include rhinovirus, influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus.

The first signs of inflammation of the middle ear are pulsating, shooting or aching pains in the organ, which are intensified by swallowing, sneezing or coughing. Characteristic for this disease is also noise in the ear, weakness, sleep disorder, lack of appetite, severe deterioration of hearing.

In general, the inflammation of the middle ear is the result of a previous cold or flu, in which the immunity decreases and the number of bacteria in the nasal cavity increases. The nasal cavity is connected with the middle ear by the auditory tube, in which liquid and various microorganisms accumulate, which trigger the onset of the inflammatory process. The tympanic membrane undergoes pressure and expands in volumes to the outside, which causes pain.

The course of the disease can be different in speed of development, as well as in duration, according to what distinguish:

1. Acute otitis media (the ear accumulates fluid). This is the reason for the audibility of your own voice in your head.
2. Chronic otitis (the ear is filled with pus).

Acute otitis media. Forms

If the inflammatory process is classified according to the nature of the course (clinical picture), then the otitis can be catarrhal or purulent, thus, the development of the disease undergoes three stages - acute catarrhal otitis, acute purulent otitis and stage recovery.

Acute catarrhal otitis is an inflammatory process associated with the localization of fluid in the middle ear cavity. For this form of the disease, in addition to pain and increased body temperature (38-39 ° C), reddening and swelling of the tympanic membrane, ear congestion are characteristic. The patients note that they hear their own voice in the head during the conversation.

The appearance of foci of pus and its accumulation in the cavity of the middle ear is acute purulent otitis. Treatment for the first 2-3 days is not carried out, because as usual during this period, the eardrum ruptures and the pus outward. In this case, the patient becomes better, the body temperature returns to normal, the pain stops. In addition to pus, blood and serous discharge can be observed. If the course of the disease passes without complications, then the third stage comes in - a recovery stage.

With the onset of the reconstructive stage, the inflammatory process decreases, the suppression stops and a progressive tightening of the damaged membrane occurs. If the treatment of otitis in adults passes in accordance with the appointments and under the supervision of a specialist, then recovery occurs in 2-3 weeks. By this time, the rumor, as a rule, is fully restored.

Chronic otitis media. Stages of

If untimely or insufficient treatment, acute otitis becomes chronic. Otitis chronic is an inflammatory process, which is characterized by a permanent or recurrent suppuration from the ear. This type of otitis, in addition to already known symptoms, such as: high fever, itching, deterioration of the general condition, there are inherent complications in the form of hearing loss and persistent perforation of the drum webbeds. Usually the chronic course of the disease is a consequence of previous sinusitis or acute purulent otitis media. In some cases, this form of otitis occurs as a result of rupture (or perforation) of the tympanic membrane or curvature of the nasal septum after the injury. Depending on the localization of the perforation, and also on its size, three stages of chronic otitis are distinguished:

1. Tubotympanal otitis (mesotympanitis).
2. Epimezotimpanit.
3. Epitimpanitis.

With tubotimponal form of otitis, the violation of the tympanic membrane occurs, as a rule, in the central part, and the pathology is manifested by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the tympanic cavity. Inflammation does not affect bone tissue.

Epimezotimpanit - a stage of chronic otitis, in which there is extensive perforation of the tympanic membrane, the damage affects its upper and middle divisions.

Epitimpanoanthral form of otitis is characterized by rupture of the upper, most pliable and fragile areas of the membrane. This stage of the disease, as well as epimezotimpanit, is dangerous by the occurrence of pathological processes associated with the formation of granulomas, polyps and cholesteatoma - a capsule filled and surrounded purulent particles of the epidermis, which, constantly expanding, presses on the tympanic membrane, destroys the bone component of the middle ear and opens the "road" to the purulent process in the inner ear.

In addition, there is another form of inflammatory process - bilateral otitis - a disease that simultaneously affects the hearing organ from both sides.

If we consider the existing complications of the disease, the perforation of the tympanic membrane is the most common. With prolonged accumulation of pus there is an increase in pressure in the middle ear, resulting in the membrane becoming thinner. There is a risk of its rupture (perforation). To prevent the transition of the inflammatory process to the stage of internal otitis and to avoid subsequent development of serious pathologies, it is necessary to resort to the puncture of the tympanic membrane surgically, and not to wait for the moment when this happens spontaneously.

Inflammation of the inner ear. Symptoms

Internal otitis has another name - labyrinthitis is a disease that occurs less frequently in comparison with otitis of the external and middle ear, but is the most dangerous in terms of the threat to health and life rights. Purulent processes that affect bone tissue can cause severe complications, for example, meningitis (inflammatory process in the brain envelopes) or sepsis (blood infection due to falling into the her pus). As a rule, the internal otitis media is the result of complications of previous otitis media, or the consequences of a serious infectious disease. High body temperature, severe headache and vomiting, loss of balance - these are all symptoms of internal otitis, in which it is necessary to seek help from a specialist as soon as possible. In addition, with such forms of the disease, there is a sharp deterioration of the hearing until its complete loss.

In order to make an accurate diagnosis and, consequently, to prescribe the correct treatment regimen for the patient, doctors resort to otorhinolaryngological examination and laboratory tests.

Diagnosis of otitis. Surveys and studies

Laboratory diagnostics is carried out mainly in order to establish the nature of the origin of otitis - bacteriological or virologic. With the serological reaction of blood serum and polymerase chain reaction, antibodies to pathogens are detected. Also, the results of a general blood test will show the presence or absence of an inflammatory process in the body.

The basic instrumental methods of otitis diagnosis:

• Tympanocenosis is the study of fluid obtained by surgical puncture of the membrane. The procedure allows you to determine the antibiotic needed to fight a particular type of infection, but in practice it is not often used.
• Tympanometry - checking the mobility of the tympanic membrane.
• Otoscopy - examination of the tympanic membrane and auditory passage by means of an otoscope.
• Audiometry is the definition of hearing acuity when suspected of reducing it.
• Computer tomography of the brain and skull structure (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - are used in case of suspicion of suppurative inflammatory processes and intracranial complications, help to diagnose the formation of various pathologies - polyps, cholesteanomas and so on.

Conservative treatment of otitis in adults

To avoid the development of complications and to achieve recovery with minimal waste of time and effort, otitis should be treated in a timely manner, in fact, like any other disease. For each form of the inflammatory process, a special treatment is provided, with its own procedures and medical preparations.

Otitis of the external ear is treated out-patient, with the use of drops, which contain an antibiotic. Sometimes antibiotics can be prescribed together with corticosteroids or antihistamines, if the disease is caused by an allergic reaction. There are also procedures for washing the ear canal with an antiseptic solution. If this therapy does not lead to recovery or is not possible due to severe edema of the ear canal and face cellulite, oral medications are prescribed. At elevated body temperature, antipyretic agents are used, as well as analgesics if pain syndrome is present. In rare cases, with the formation of purulent inflammation of the external ear tissues, surgical intervention can be indicated.

Elimination of inflammation in the middle ear in the normal course of the disease is outpatient. Treatment of otitis in adults is performed with the appointment of antibiotics, antiseptics and bed rest. To reduce the painful syndrome, a warm 96% alcohol is used as a drop (this procedure is contraindicated in suppuration). For topical administration, physiotherapy is prescribed, it is also possible to use a blue lamp. It will be superfluous and warming the compress in otitis (alcohol, vodka or based on camphor oil), which should be kept no more than 3-4 hours. It must also be remembered that you can not put a compress at an elevated body temperature.

If the disease does not go without complications, then the patient will show signs of acute otitis - the purulent otitis will develop. Treatment can be continued with the help of antibiotics or by surgical intervention.

Surgical intervention

Sometimes it happens that conservative treatment of otitis in adults does not lead to an improvement in the patient's condition. In such situations, a surgical dissection of the tympanostomy is performed. This manipulation makes it possible to avoid complications, since the puncture is done at a favorable and correct point, pus goes out through a specially installed tube, and the pain syndrome decreases, and recovery comes faster. In addition, the biomaterial (festering isolates) is subject to a laboratory bacteriological study for sensitivity to antibiotics. If, after the performed procedures, the acuity of hearing is not restored, purges and pneumatic massage can be prescribed.

There are cases when there is a natural rupture of the tympanic membrane. This is observed mainly with inflammation of the middle ear and requires immediate surgical intervention.

With tubotimponal form of otitis, the task of surgical treatment is restoring the integrity of the tympanoplasty using tympanoplasty using its own cartilage.

Epitimpanoanthral form of otitis is associated with destruction of bone tissue. In such a course of the disease, the goal of surgical intervention is to remove bone pathology and restore the tympanic membrane using prostheses made of inert materials (titanium).

Internal otitis is the result of ineffective treatment of otitis media and is dangerous due to purulent complications with damage to the membranes of the brain. Therefore, in such forms of the disease, hospitalization of the patient with further surgical care is necessary.

It should be remembered that prevention is always better than treatment. Prevention of otitis can be the timely elimination of foci of infection within the body (caries, sinusitis), as well as the elimination of hypothermia. When the first signs of the disease appear, it is important to immediately seek medical help from specialists.

syl.ru

Effective treatment of otitis in adults with antibiotics

Ears - this is one of the weakest organs of man. Skvoznyaki, infection, water after a shower - all this can lead to inflammation, requiring urgent treatment, otherwise the consequences of inaction can be serious. And deafness is considered one of them. The inflammatory process in the ears is called otitis media. But what is this pathology? And what antibiotic for the ears will help quickly and without consequences get rid of the disease?

Otitis: What is this ailment?

Otitis is an acute or chronic form of inflammation that can develop in one or more of the ear zones: external, middle or inner. Treatment of otitis in adults is prescribed by antibiotics. Without such drugs, it will be very difficult to quickly cope with the symptoms and microorganisms that caused inflammation.

Poorly cured pathologies of the ears require the use of antibacterial agents, and in some cases it is necessary at once use several of their types: drugs can be injected intramuscularly, in the form of drops directly into the ear or taken in the form of tablets orally. But what causes otitis? What kinds of diseases exist?

Types of otitis. Causes

Otitis is a disease that can affect any of the three parts of the ear, which is why, depending on the focus of inflammation, the pathology is divided into three types:

• otitis of the external ear;
• otitis media of the middle ear;
• inflammatory process of the inner ear, or labyrinthitis.

The reasons that cause this or that kind of pathology are huge, but the main ones are:

• diseases of the nasopharynx, which lead to puffiness and inflammation of the middle ear;
• pathologies that weaken immunity, including measles and influenza;
• getting into the ear of cold water during water procedures or swimming in a pond;
• injuries and damage to the tympanic membrane;
• hereditary predisposition.

Depending on which causative agent provoked the disease, the otitis can be divided into these types:

• viral;
• bacterial;
• fungal.

Treatment of otitis in adults with antibiotics is effective, but what medications should be used for this or that patient should be decided by the doctor depending on the complexity of the disease and its course. But what symptoms can indicate an inflammatory process in the auricle?

Symptoms

Each type of otitis has its own symptoms, but the following are common:

• pulsating pain in the ear;
• unpleasant sensations behind the ear;
• increased body temperature;
• chills;
• noises and discomfort in the ear;
• hearing loss.

As already mentioned, every form of the disease has its own symptoms. Take, for example, otitis externa. Symptoms and treatment in adults cause a lot of questions. How do you know that this is exactly this form of the disease? How to eliminate discomfort? Whether it is necessary to accept antibiotics or it is possible to manage with national agents?

Otitis externa is an inflammatory process on the skin of the auricle, a fascinating and external auditory canal. Most often it is caused by fungal or bacterial infections. There are two types of external otitis: diffuse and limited. Most often in patients, this ailment manifests itself in the form of furuncles - an acute purulent process of the sebaceous gland, which was caused by pyogenic microorganisms.

Recognize the symptoms of external otitis media by the following criteria:

• itching;
• pain when touching an inflamed area;
• edema, redness of the skin;
• fever.

Otitis of the external auditory canal is one of the easy forms of pathology, but even in this case ear antibiotics are needed. Without such drugs, complications may develop.

The middle otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear. It is this form of the disease that most often occurs in both adults and children. What is required if otitis media is diagnosed, treatment? In adults, antibiotics can cause a lot of protest, but it is the drugs of this group that are prescribed first. Of course, the doctor will take into account the etiology of the disease. As mentioned earlier, the nature of the ailment can be both viral and bacterial. Among bacteria, streptococci and hemophilic rod most often cause inflammation of the middle ear. But among the viruses to provoke the development of pathology in the ear can both influenza, and rhinovirus or respiratory syncytial virus. Determine the presence of the inflammatory process can be on such symptoms:

• throbbing pain;
• shooting pain in the ear;
• discomfort;
• weakness;
• sleep disorder;
• lack of appetite;
• worsening of hearing.

Also, the inflammation of the middle ear can occur as a result of a cold or flu, during which the immune system weakens and the number of bacteria in the nose and throat increases. The nasal cavity is connected with the middle ear, it accumulates liquid and bacteria, which provoke inflammation. And here it is just necessary to turn to a specialist, traditional medicine can not help a person. Treatment of otitis in adults with broad-spectrum antibiotics, which will kill all bacteria, remove the swelling and restore hearing, may be prolonged, but disregard therapy should not be. The disease can develop differently, if not taken in time, this can lead to more serious forms of the disease:

• acute otitis media;
• chronic otitis media.

Acute otitis is an inflammation associated with the localization of fluid in the middle ear region. With this form, the patient often raises the temperature and keeps within 39 degrees. It can not be knocked down, for a couple of hours - and it rises again. Often patients say that they hear somewhere inside their own voice. But the appearance of pus in the middle ear cavity suggests that acute otitis has already passed into the next stage. Purulent otitis in adults (treatment with antibiotics in this case is simply necessary, and the therapy should be started as soon as possible) is not a pleasant phenomenon, and self-medication is indispensable here.

But it is worth remembering that the first couple of days of treatment is not carried out, at this time most often there is a rupture of the tympanic membrane, and pus comes out. The patient feels relief, body temperature goes down and the pain recedes. In addition to pus, you can notice blood and serous discharge, but it's even for the better - it means that the ear is cleared.

The next type of pathology is chronic otitis media. Treatment (antibiotics including) is necessary. Ailment develops if you start acute therapy not on time or not to complete the course. The chronic form of the disease is manifested in the same way as acute: there is an increase in temperature, worsening of the general condition, itching, discomfort in the ear, hearing loss, etc. Chronic otitis can be of several types:

• tubotimponal;
• epimezotimpanit;
• epitimpanitis.

In addition to all the forms of otitis described above, there is one more - bilateral otitis. This pathology affects both ears. If you do not start treating otitis in adults with antibiotics, then this form can lead to perforation of the tympanic membrane. If the pus accumulates long enough, the pressure in the middle ear increases, and eventually the membrane becomes thinner, and there is a risk of rupture. In some cases, doctors advise to perform a surgical procedure, to make a puncture in the eardrum, and not wait until everything happens by itself.

Inflammation of the inner ear is another form of pathology, which doctors call labyrinthitis. This disease is much less common than external and otitis media. Treatment (antibiotics are vital) is quite heavy and protracted, and the disease itself is considered the most dangerous, it can even threaten the life of the patient. Purulent processes affect the bone tissue, which leads to serious consequences.

What complications can occur after otitis media?

At the slightest suspicion of otitis treatment (in adults, antibiotics in this case - a stick-rescue, but their use is not always necessary) must begin immediately. If time is lost, the acute form will develop into a chronic one, and then into the labyrinth, which eventually can end badly, even to a lethal outcome. But this is not all, inaction can lead to other conditions - intra-temporal complications:

• violations of the integrity of the tympanic membrane;
• inflammation of bone tissue cells - mastoiditis;
• paralysis of the facial nerve.

In addition, intracranial complications can occur, including:

• inflammatory process in the brain envelope - meningitis;
• inflammation of the brain - encephalitis;
• accumulation of fluid in the cerebral cortex - hydrocephalus.

But even all these complications sometimes do not scare people as much as antibiotic therapy, and many patients ask the doctors the question: Do you need to take such a large list of drugs? What antibiotics for otitis produce the best result, and which ones can be simply excluded from the list recommended by the doctor?

Whether it is necessary to accept antibiotics at otitis?

Antibiotics are very important in almost any inflammatory process in the body. But still, many doctors believe that, until spontaneous perforation of the ear membrane and the outlet of the fluid occur, there is no need to take such drugs. The acute stage of the uncomplicated form of the disease lasts about 5 days. Antimicrobial treatment is used only if systematic therapy does not bring the desired relief: the pain does not pass, the hearing has worsened even more, symptoms of general intoxication are noticeable organism.

After the first signs of an outgrowth appear, immediately take an analysis for the content of microflora and determine which antibacterial agents it is sensitive to. After that, they select the appropriate drugs and begin treatment of otitis media adults. Antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are the best choice, after all it is not always possible to take exudate for the analysis.

After the completion of therapy, it is better to be reinsured and to engage in the prevention of relapse (more on this later).

Which antibiotics are better for otitis treatment?

There are a huge number of drugs that can cope with any kind of inflammation, they help in the treatment of otitis. One of the most popular is "Amoxicillin". This drug has an excellent antimicrobial and antiseptic property. But accept it is advised only to those patients who do not have an allergic reaction to semisynthetic penicillins. In addition, it is worth remembering that this medicine is contraindicated for people with impaired liver function, pregnant and lactating women.

Aminoglycoside netilmicin is a means for conducting local injections, but it is only allowed to use it for the first two weeks, not more. Thanks to him, it is possible to effectively and quickly treat otitis media in adults. The drugs should be selected individually for each patient, but there is a list of those medicines that will help everyone cope with inflammation in the ear:

• "Levomycetin" (alcohol solution) - it is recommended to drip 2 drops in the ear, if the patient has a purulent form of otitis;
• "Amoxicillin" - take inside 3, gram per day (at one time or divided into several);
• "Augmentin" - 375 mg three times a day;
• "Cefuroxime" - is used in the form of intramuscular injections;
• "Ceftriaxone" - once a day intramuscularly;
• "Ampicillin" - intramuscularly.

Rules for taking antibiotics

Each antibiotic has an instruction for use, which must be read before proceeding with therapy. Each patient with otitis treatment is selected individually, taking into account the form and course of the pathology. The dose is selected depending on the causative agent of the disease, the severity of the disease, the patient's body weight and age.

The shock dose can be applied only in the first three days. If there is no relief during this time, you need to change the form of administration of the drugs. The course of treatment is determined depending on the data of clinical studies, you can change the tactics of therapy only if there is a persistent remission.

Basically, the course of treatment is 7-10 days. But it is worth remembering that there may be side effects from taking antibiotics, and they need to be told to the treating doctor. It is very important to monitor the kidneys and liver. If serious changes are detected in the regular laboratory tests, the treatment tactics will have to be changed urgently. In addition, antibiotics for ear treatment are available in the form of a solution for injections or tablets, so there are also drops that also help to quickly cope with the symptoms of the disease.

Drops from otitis in adults

Due to the huge variety of ear drops, you can quickly get rid of inflammation and thus cure otitis effectively. Symptoms and treatment in adults are often identical, but still the choice of drugs should be carried out by a doctor, because everyone organism, one and the same medicine in two people with one form of pathology can cause different reaction. Remove inflammation in the ear can be such drops:

• hormonal - "Otipax" or "Otinum
• antibacterial - "Tsipromed" or "Levomycetin
• combined - "Anauran" or "Sofraks".

But it is worth remembering that if there is swelling, itching or a rash after the application of drops, then they must be urgently canceled. Most likely, they just do not fit, but as practice has shown, the drops of "Sofraks" are often recommended to use for treatment of adults and children, because they have almost no contraindications and side effects, and they are excellent at coping with inflammation.

General methods of otitis treatment

Treatment of otitis should be combined. Therapy should be aimed at removing all symptoms in the very first days, and after removing all the liquid from the ear and removing the inflammatory process. Many doctors use a special strategy, which includes several basic points:

• Reduction of pain syndrome. To relieve pain, it is advised on the first day to begin taking paracetamol 1 g four times a day. Also, Otopiphe drops are well anesthetized - 4 drops up to three times. You can remove the pain with the help of a compression on Tsitovich - mix 3% boric acid and glycerin, make a swab, soak in the solution and insert into the ear, keep the compress for at least 3 hours.
• Remove the edema and improve the outflow of pus from the middle ear. For these purposes, it is advised to use drops in the nose - "Nazivin "Tizin" or "Naphthyzine" 2 drops up to three times a day.
• Remove the edema of the mucosa of the Eustachian tube. In this case, it is advised to use antihistamines such as "Dimedrol "Suprastin" or "Tavegil". These medications are advised to be used in the event that the otitis is caused by an allergy.
• Remove ear inflammation. Treatment in adults with antibiotics in this case includes mandatory. Select the drugs from the list that was presented above.

If inflammation in the ear bothers very often, then in this case, without preventive measures can not do.

Prevention of otitis

To reduce the likelihood of frequent development of otitis media, it is first of all necessary to treat the runny nose and other pathologies of the upper respiratory tract. In the cold season wear a hat to protect the hearing organs from wind and frost. Carefully conduct hygiene of the ears, then you do not need to use an antibiotic for the ears.

In addition, in order to protect themselves from the chronic form of the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract and mucous membranes, which can become a provoking factor in the development of pathology, should abandon bad habits - abuse of alcoholic beverages and smoking. You also need to monitor your health, and then treatment of otitis may not be necessary.

Especially important is the prevention of the disease in people with reduced immunity. They have catarrhal diseases developing very quickly, and, therefore, the risk of developing otitis is high.

fb.ru

Otitis of the middle ear: treatment with drops, antibiotics. Otitis media of the middle ear: chronic, catarrhal, acute, purulent

The ear is a very important sense organ, and if it gets sick, then the world is not nice to the person. Naturally, pathologies are different, but some are rare, others are not. Quite often people suffer from such a disease as the otitis media of the middle ear. Treatment of this pathology should be comprehensive. That is, you must not only eliminate the symptoms, but also get rid of the underlying cause that caused the development of the problem.

What characterizes the disease?

So, the otitis media of the middle ear, whose treatment the doctor should prescribe, is an inflammation that is localized between the inner ear and a thin film (the tympanic membrane). This pathology most often affects children, as well as people with very weak immunity, diabetes and some other chronic problems.

It must also be said that infection can develop due to the fact that a person does not cure otitis externa. In children, the disease appears due to imperfections in the structure of the hearing aid. And it can cause any reasons, even the most "harmless". Naturally, it is necessary to choose the right methods of treatment, which the doctor will tell. Otherwise, inflammation can lead to serious consequences (partial or total loss of hearing and others).

The causes of the appearance of pathology

Otitis of the middle ear, whose treatment is not only treated with antibiotics, arises for certain reasons. Among them there are such:

1. Respiratory viral pathologies (influenza, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, and others).

2. Penetration of infection due to any ear trauma.

3. Overcooling and sudden pressure drops.

4. Dirty water enters the ear (during bathing or washing).

5. Other diseases that lead to a decrease in immunity.

Symptomatology

Now let's look at the signs that the disease has. If you have otitis media, treatment should be started only after a thorough examination of the doctor who will make an accurate diagnosis. It is not necessary to fight the disease independently, as this can lead to undesirable consequences. As for the symptoms of pathology, they can be:

- Pain sensations in the ear, which can have a pulsating or aching character.

- Muffled hearing, as well as a feeling of stuffiness.

- Feeling of noise in the ears.

- Increase in temperature, and significant.

If the disease is started, then pus can flow out of the hearing organ, while the tympanic membrane is torn. As for the pain, it can intensify overnight, and it gives even to the teeth, the head. A person can not practically sleep, his appetite is gone, his work capacity is significantly reduced. Symptomatic of the pathology is reddening and swelling of the tympanic membrane. However, you will not see this sign on your own, only a doctor can recognize it.

Varieties of pathology

The average otitis of the ear, which is treated under the supervision of a specialist, can be of different types:

1. Acute. It develops after infection enters the body. Most often it is caused by acute respiratory diseases.

2. Purulent. It is accompanied by unpleasant secretions of a greenish or yellowish hue from the ear.

3. Chronic purulent otitis. It develops if the acute form has not been completely cured. This form of pathology can last for several weeks or more. In this case, hearing can greatly deteriorate.

4. Serous otitis media. It is characterized by sucritic discharge from the ear.

Symptomatic in all cases is almost the same, so in any case you will need to consult a doctor.

How to diagnose a disease correctly?

If you think that you have an otitis media, you can start treatment only after seeing the doctor. For accurate diagnosis, not only your complaints and a list of symptoms will be required. The fact is that these signs are not specific and can talk about another disease.

Further, the doctor performs palpation of the ear and examines its internal part with a special medical device (otoscope). Naturally, during the examination he is obliged to take into account the patient's age, to note any features of the structure of the hearing aid, to fix the condition of the lymph nodes.

On a mandatory basis, the patient must submit blood tests, in which some indicators will be overestimated if the pathology is confirmed (ESR). Naturally, the doctor should check your ears and the mobility of the eardrum. If a person is suspected of any complications associated with otitis, then he may be assigned a radiographic examination. During the examination, not only the mobility, but also the position, as well as the color and condition of the tympanic membrane are taken into account.

Complications of pathology

If you have acute otitis media of the middle ear, treatment should be started immediately. The fact is that the disease is characterized by a high probability of complications. First of all, the acute form with improper therapy can quickly go into purulent and chronic. In this case, you will constantly suffer from a disease of the ears.

In addition, during the development of the disease, the mobility of the tympanic membrane may deteriorate, or it breaks. This provides hearing loss or hearing loss. This function can not always be restored. That is, the patient has a new problem: acquired deafness, which significantly worsens the quality of his life.

The consequence of otitis may be damage to the auditory nerve. And still it is necessary to allocate such complications of the presented pathology:

1. Mastoiditis. In this case, the mastoid process is affected. This disease already requires a surgical operation.

2. Purulent meningoencephalitis. When he is affected by the brain.

3. Labyrinth.

4. Sepsis.

The last complication can lead to a lethal outcome, therefore, otitis requires comprehensive and thorough treatment.

Features of treatment of different forms of otitis media of the middle ear

Now consider the main question: "How to get rid of this pathology quickly and effectively?" It all depends on the type of disease, as well as the degree of its development. If you have acute purulent otitis media of the middle ear, treatment involves the use of antibiotics. You will need to consume medicines for about 7 days. Naturally, the patient will also have to clear his ear from pus with cotton turunds moistened with hydrogen peroxide. However, to carry out this procedure should be very careful not to push the unpleasant discharge deeper. As for the treatment with heat, then with a purulent form of pathology it can not always be used. That is, do not put the hot-water bottle on the ear. Perhaps the doctor will prescribe other physiotherapy procedures. If you have viral otitis media of the middle ear, antibiotic treatment will not help. Here it is necessary to eliminate the root cause of the disease.

In the case of severe pain, a person can be prescribed special drops that not only relieve the symptom, but also fight infection. Sometimes the doctor prescribes tablets or suspensions. If you have otitis media, treatment (the drops are desirable in this case) must be comprehensive. That is, you first need to know the cause of the development of pathology. As far as medications are concerned, the most effective drugs for today are Sophradex, Dexamethasone, Otipax, Otisol. Note that the ear drops must be heated to room temperature before use. In addition, these drugs can not be used if the tympanic membrane is damaged.

If a person has catarrhal otitis media of the middle ear, the treatment involves the use of antipyretic agents and expectant management. If after a few days the pathology began to develop further, it means that the patient is prescribed vasoconstrictive drops in the nose, dry thermal procedures.

With purulent otitis, the doctor can pierce the eardrum himself, so that the contents can come out. Sometimes, in order to minimize discomfort during the operation, a local anesthetic can be made to the patient. Physiotherapy methods are very good: ultraviolet light, UHF and laser procedures.

Features of surgical and folk treatment

If the patient is diagnosed with otitis media, symptoms (treatment is not only based on them) are a very important signal for a visit to the doctor. Sometimes in the case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, the ENT is forced to resort to a surgical operation. This procedure is especially important when there is a threat of pus penetration into the brain.

The most important action performed by the surgeon is the elimination of secretions from the ear cavity. The operation is performed in two ways:

1. Opening of the tympanic membrane and removal of pus by means of a special syringe or catheter.

2. Anthotomy. It can be done only for urgent indications. Its peculiarity is that even children can undergo such a procedure.

Naturally, before the intervention, it is necessary to assess the general condition of the patient and the threat of complications.

If you have a diagnosis of purulent otitis media of the middle ear, treatment may include the use of folk remedies. However, before using them, be sure to consult a doctor. You can use home recipes in other forms of the disease. The most effective of them are:

1. Compress of vodka (or alcohol). Its preparation is easy. You just need to take a gauze napkin and moisten it with vodka. Then the compress is superimposed on the ear, and then it is closed with wax paper and cotton wool. For a good effect, you should hold the napkin for several hours.

2. If the patient has a chronic otitis media of the middle ear, the treatment involves using tincture of juniper, which not only helps to eliminate pain, but also possesses anti-inflammatory action. You can buy it at the pharmacy.

3. Juice of onion helps to cope with the disease. You just wet a cotton swab in it and put it in your ear. A few hours later the turundochka is changed.

4. Anti-inflammatory properties have aloe juice. And you can dilute it with warm boiled water in the following proportions:. Bury such a homemade "medicine" with a pipette several times a day.

How to properly treat otitis media of the middle ear in children?

Not only adults can suffer from this disease. Babies very often can catch such an infection. In addition, the most common disease of early years is otitis media of the middle ear. Treatment for children of this pathology takes place in different ways. Everything depends on the degree of development of the disease, as well as the reaction of the baby to it.

Try to always keep the child's ears warm, even if it's not cold outside. Only in this case you will be able to cure the pathology quickly. If the cause of otitis is acute respiratory disease, you will have to treat it in the first place. Often the baby is prescribed antibiotics (in the form of syrups, for example, the drug "Ospamox or tablets). Naturally, if the doctor resolves, you will need to use ear or nasal drops that narrow the vessels and facilitate breathing, and also have an anti-inflammatory effect.

If the temperature rises to a very high level, give the child an antipyretic drug. One of the best medicines for such an action today is Nurofen.

During the treatment, the child should not attend the school. It is best to provide him with bed rest with constant monitoring of body temperature. Be sure to give a warm drink. A cotton swab dampened with boric alcohol helps a lot. Note that if the baby has a temperature, compresses can not be applied to the ear. Sometimes a doctor has to do a small operation for the child (if the pus itself does not go out). Naturally, for this, the baby is anesthetized.

The most correct decision of parents in case of illness of children will be an appeal to a specialist - LOR. Self-medication can not be done in any case, since this pathology is fraught with serious complications that the child develops faster than the adult.

Prevention of disease

If you have chronic otitis media, medication at home can only be used after consultation with the doctor. However, in order to significantly reduce the number of relapses of the disease, it is necessary to carry out certain preventive measures, which you will now learn.

First of all, you need to try to treat any colds that can provoke the middle otitis: ARVI, sore throat, laryngitis. Also learn how to blow your nose properly (the nostrils should be closed in turn).

Naturally, you need to take care of your immunity. That is, eat fresh vegetables and fruits, tempered, and if necessary, use multivitamin complexes (especially in late summer and winter). Temper, give up bad habits. Be careful while cleaning the ears with cotton buds (if you do this procedure). Avoid any injuries to your ears, or hypothermia. Do not give up the hat in the winter.

A very important part of the prevention of otitis media is proper oral hygiene. That is, ordinary tooth decay can be a good stimulus for the development of infection in your auditory organ.

As for babies, then try to bathe them very carefully so that water does not get into your ear. If this is not the case, use special antibacterial drops after each bath.

If it has already happened that you are sick, then immediately go to the doctor. It will help you to establish an accurate diagnosis and will prescribe adequate therapy. The longer you delay the moment of a visit to the ENT, the more difficult will be the treatment, and the more likely the occurrence of complications. Therefore, take care of your health on time.

syl.ru

Amoxicillin in acute otitis media

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections of the ear, as well as other inflammatory diseases. Amoxicillin is also used for sinusitis.

Amoxicillin acts against all bacteria-causative agents of acute otitis media of the middle ear.

It is effective even in the treatment of otitis caused by highly resistant bacteria.

Children of nursery and kindergarten age and people with severe illness take amoxicillin from a week to 10 days, children from 6 years - from 5 days to a week.

Dosage of amoxicillin for adults and children with otitis:

• For children who are ten years old, the usual dose of amoxicillin (for mild or moderate symptoms of inflammation of the middle ear) is 500 mg three times a day. In case of severe infection, the dosage can be increased to 1000 mg three times a day.
• Children from 40 kgmust comply with the recommended dosage for adults.
• Children under 2 years oldAmoxicillin is given as a suspension at a rate of 20 mg per kg of body weight, in three divided doses.
• Children over 2 and under 5 years of age: 125 mg daily.
• Children over 5 and under 10 years of age: 250 mg three times a day.
• Adults: for mild or moderate infections, the standard dose of amoxicillin in otitis media is 500 mg every half day or 250 mg every 8 hours.
• In case of serious infections: 875 mg every half day or 500 mg every 8 hours.

Children who have an ear infection accompanied by fever and vomiting, most likely, need immediate antibiotic treatment. Children who do not have high fever and vomiting are unlikely to have complications from otitis and, most likely, do not need antibiotic treatment.

There are situations when antibiotics can be administered promptly:

• The child complains of moderate or severe pain in the ear.
• The child has a fever (more than 38 ° C).
• The child drinks a little liquid (dehydrated).
• The child is diagnosed with serious chronic diseases, such as heart disease or cystic fibrosis. They increase the risk of complications from ear infection.
• The child has not yet turned 2 years old.
• The child's condition worsened or did not improve between 48-72 hours after the first symptoms of acute catarrhal otitis.

However, the decision to prescribe amoxicillin or another antibiotic for the treatment of ear inflammation should only be taken by a doctor.

Amoxicillin in otitis in adults and children does not give a result - what to do?

Some types of bacteria over time have developed resistance to amoxicillin.

Critics of the intensive use of antibiotics in the United States note that millions of recipes with amoxicillin in otitis media in adults and children have helped to create these resistant strains of bacteria.

Indications for the use of another drug with an antibiotic include, but are not limited to:

• No improvement at the initial stage of treatment of acute otitis media with amoxicillin.
• Hypersensitivity - allergy to penicillin.
• A concomitant otitis disease, requiring other treatment, for example, with the concurrence of otitis with purulent conjunctivitis.
• Treatment with amoxicillin within the last 30 days.

If the initial treatment with amoxicillin for otitis in adults and children fails, the doctor can prescribe a prescription for a drug containing a high dose of amoxicillin and clavulanate as the preferred choice of the second line treatment.

The combination of clavulanate and amoxicillin provides the drug with an additional efficacy against microorganisms producing beta-lactamase.

Amoxicillin (Flemoxin) and clavulanate often causes gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea. This can be a problem for people with a weakened body.

gajmorit.com

Similar articles