Antibiotic for pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Antibiotics for pneumonia - the main component of the healing process. Lung inflammation begins acutely, with fever, a strong cough with brown or yellowish sputum, chest pains with coughing and breathing.

Treatment of pneumonia requires an urgent hospitalization of the patient in the therapeutic or resuscitation department (depending on the severity of the condition). Indicated bed rest, vitamin nutrition, and it is also important to consume a large amount of liquid - tea, juice, milk, mineral water.

Since inflammation of the lung tissue most often occurs due to specific microorganisms, the most correct way to fight the pathogen is the introduction of antibiotics intramuscularly and intravenously. This method of administration makes it possible to keep a high concentration of antibiotic in the blood, which contributes to the fight against bacteria. Most often, pneumonia is prescribed antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, since it is impossible to identify the pathogen immediately, and the slightest delay can cost lives.

In general, for the treatment of pneumonia, macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, spiramycin) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin). To increase the effectiveness of treatment, antibiotics are administered according to a special scheme. At the first stage, the antibiotic is administered parenterally - intramuscularly or intravenously, and then antibiotics are given in tablets.

Despite the wide choice of antibiotics in pharmacies, you should not self-medicate, but it is better to seek help from experienced specialist, since antibiotics are selected strictly individually, based on the analysis of the pathogen pneumonia. In addition, the treatment of pneumonia is based not only on antibiotic therapy, but includes several stages in the general treatment regimen.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be most effective is established laboratory. To do this, bacterial culture of sputum is done on a special medium, and depending on which colony of bacteria begins to develop, the causative agent is established. Then they make a test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics, and based on these results, the patient is assigned a specific group of antibacterial drugs. But, as the process of identifying the pathogen can take up to 10 days or more, at the initial stage of treatment of pneumonia, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics. To maintain the concentration of the drug in the blood, it is administered by both intravenous and intramuscularly, combining with anti-inflammatory, resolving agents, vitamins, etc., eg:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae. In antipnevmokokkovoy therapy prescribed benzylpenicillin and aminopenicillin, derivatives of cephalosporins of the third generation, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone, macrolides.
• Haemophilus influenzae. With the detected hemophilic rod, aminopenicillins or amoxicillin are prescribed.
• Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics effective against Staphylococcus aureus - oxacillin, protected aminopenicillins, cephalosporins I and II generations.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antibiotics for the treatment of mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia are macrolides and tetracycline antibiotics, as well as fluoroquinolones.
• Legionella pneumophila. Antibiotic, effective against legionella - erythromycin, rifampicin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.
• Enterobacteriaceae spp. Antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia caused by klibsiella or E. coli are cephalosporins of the third generation.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics can be the reason for the selection of ineffective drugs or if the intake of antibacterial agents is not taken properly - an incorrect dosage, a violation of the regimen. In normal course, antibiotics are taken to normalize the temperature and then after 3 more days. In severe cases of pneumonia, treatment may take up to 4-6 weeks. If during this period the positive dynamics of the disease is not fixed, then the cause is in the wrong antibacterial treatment. In this case, a second analysis is performed on the bacteria, after which a course of correct antibacterial therapy is conducted. After full recovery and positive results of radiography, spa treatment, smoking cessation, and increased vitamin nutrition are indicated.

In the additional treatment with antibiotics after pneumonia, the patient may need to:

• Wrongly chosen antibiotic for treatment.
• Frequent change of antibiotics.

Also, antibiotic treatment after pneumonia may be necessary in the event of a recurrence of the disease. The reason for this - long-term treatment with antibiotics, depressing the defenses of the body. Also, a similar result arises from self-medication and uncontrolled administration of antibiotics at unidentified doses.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics should be carried out in a hospital, by systematic radiographic monitoring. If after 72 hours the clinical picture does not change or if during the treatment termination the focus of inflammation on X-ray image is not reduced, a second course of treatment is shown, but already with another antibiotic, consultation is also necessary phthisiatrician.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults are prescribed depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the condition. Pneumonia is most often caused by a variety of bacteria, less often fungi and protozoa. At the first stage of treatment, up to the end results, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed, and also patient, whether he had previously had pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, is not smoker. In addition, in elderly patients, pathogens differ from similar cases in younger patients.

If the prescribed drug is ineffective and until the bacteriological analysis of sputum is obtained, the recommended antibiotic should not be changed within 3 days. This is the minimum time frame for the antibiotic concentration in the blood to reach its maximum, and it began to act on the lesion site.

• Inflammation of the lungs in patients under 60 years with a mild course appoint Avelox 400 mg per day (or Tavanik 500 mg in day) - 5 days, with him Doxycycline (2 tablets per day - the first day, the rest days - 1 tablet) - 10-14 days. You can take Avelox 400 mg and Amoxiclav 625 mg * 2 times a day - 10-14 days.
• A patient under 60 years of age, with a major illness and other chronic diseases, also a patient over 60 years old are assigned Avelox 400 mg plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram 2 times a day at least 10 days.
• Severe course of pneumonia at any age. A combination of Levofloxacin or Tavanic, intravenously plus Ceftriaxone 2 grams twice a day or Fortum, Cefepime in the same doses intramuscularly or intravenously is recommended. It is possible to administer Sumamed intravenously plus Fortum intramuscularly.
• In extremely severe pneumonia, when the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit, appoint: combinations of Sumamed and Tavanik (Leflotsin), Fortum and Tavanik, Targotsida and Meronem, Sumamed and Meronema.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children begin to enter immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis. Obligatory admission to therapy or in a complex current in the intensive care unit are children, if:

• The child's age is less than two months, regardless of the degree of severity and localization of the inflammatory process in the lungs.
• A child up to three years old, diagnosed with lobar pneumonia.
• The child is up to five years old, the diagnosis is the loss of more than one lobe of the lung.
• Children with a history of encephalopathy.
• A child up to a year old, a confirmed fact of intrauterine infection.
• Children with congenital defects of the heart muscle and circulatory system.
• Children with chronic diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, with diabetes mellitus and malignant blood diseases.
• Children from families who are registered with social services.
• Children from orphanages, from families with insufficient social and living conditions.
• The hospitalization of children with non-compliance with medical recommendations and treatment at home is indicated.
• Children with severe pneumonia.

With mild bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics from the penicillin group, both natural and synthetic, are indicated. Natural antibiotics: benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and others. Semisynthetic penicillins are commonly divided into isoxazolylpenicillins (oxacillin), aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin), carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin), ureidopenicillins (azlocillin, piperacillin).

The described scheme of antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in children is prescribed until the results of bacterial analysis and detection of the pathogen. After identifying the pathogen further treatment is prescribed by the doctor strictly individually.

Names of antibiotics for pneumonia

The names of antibiotics for pneumonia indicate which group the drug belongs to: ampicillin - oxacillin, ampiox, piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cephalosporins - claforan, cephobid and others. For the treatment of pneumonia in modern medicine are used as synthetic and semi-synthetic, and natural antibiotics. Some types of antibiotics act selectively, only on a certain type of bacteria, and some on a fairly wide range of pathogens. It is with antibiotics of a wide spectrum and it is customary to start antibacterial treatment of pneumonia.

Rules for prescribing antibiotics for pneumonia:

An antibacterial preparation with a wide spectrum of action is prescribed, proceeding from the course of the disease, the color of expectorated sputum.

• Conduct BAC sputum analysis to identify the pathogen, put the test on the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics.
• Prescribe a scheme of antibiotic therapy based on the results of the analysis. In this case, take into account the severity of the disease, the effectiveness, the likelihood of complications and allergies, possible contraindications, the rate of absorption of the drug into the blood, the time of excretion from organism. Most often, two antibacterial drugs are prescribed, for example, an antibiotic group of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Hospital pneumonia is treated with amoxicillin, ceftazidime, with inefficiency - ticarcillin, cefotaxime. Also a combination of antibiotics is possible, especially in severe conditions, mixed infection, weak immunity. In such cases, appoint:

• Cefuroxime and gentamicin.
• Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
• Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
• Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
• Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

With community-acquired pneumonia, azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, fluoroquinolone are prescribed, in severe conditions - cefotaxime, clarithromycin. Combinations of the listed antibiotics are possible.

Independently to change a line of treatment by antibiotics it is not necessary, so it can lead to development of stability microorganisms to certain groups of drugs, as a result - inefficiency of antibacterial therapy.

Course of antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotics for pneumonia is prescribed by the attending physician, based on the patient's age, severity of the disease, the nature of the pathogen and the body's response to antibacterial therapy.

In severe community-acquired pneumonia, the following treatment is prescribed:

1. Aminopenicillins - amoxicillin / clavulanate. Children at an early age are prescribed with aminoglycosides.
2. Possible treatment options:
   • Ticarcillin antibiotics
   • Cephalosporins of II-IV generations.
   • Fluoroquinolones

With aspiration bacterial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. Amoxicillin or clavulanate (Augmentin) intravenously + aminoglycoside.
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen, purpose:
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III n-y + aminoglycosides.
   • Lincosamides + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Carbapenem + vancomycin.

With nosocomial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. With an easy course of pneumonia, the use of protected aminopenicillins (Augmentin).
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen are the appointment of cephalosporins II-III n-th.
3. In severe cases, combined treatment is required:
   • inhibitor-protected carboxypenicillins (ticarcillin / clavulanate) and aminoglycosides;
   • cephalosporins III n-i, cephalosporins IV n-y with aminoglycosides.

Treatment of pneumonia, a long and serious process and attempts at self-medication with antibiotics not only can lead to complications, but and cause the impossibility of correct antibacterial therapy due to the low sensitivity of the pathogen to drug.

Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics caused by Klebsiella

When found in sputum Klibsiella pneumonia treatment with antibiotics is the main method of pathogenic therapy. Klebsiella - a pathogenic microorganism, normally occurs in the human intestine, and with high concentration and a decrease in immunity can cause lung infections. Approximately 1% of cases of bacterial pneumonia are caused by Klebsiella. Most often, such cases are recorded in men over 40, patients with alcoholism, with diabetes, chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

The clinical course of pneumonia caused by klibsiella is similar to pneumococcal pneumonia, often the focus of inflammation is localized in the right upper lobe of the lung, it can spread to other lobes. Develops cyanosis, shortness of breath, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea. Often, pneumonia is complicated by abscess and empyema lung, the reason is that the klibsiella are the cause of tissue destruction. With community-acquired pneumonia, Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter are found in sputum.

Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter have a different degree of sensitivity to antibiotics, so treatment begins with the designation of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins of the third generation, mezlocillin, amikacin is effective against the Serratia strain.

With proper and timely treatment, pneumonia caused by klibsiella, without complications, is completely cured in 2-3 weeks.

Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day. Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day.

Treatment with antibiotics mycoplasmal pneumonia

If a mycroplasma is detected in the sputum, pneumonia is treated to fight a particular pathogen. Getting into the body, mycoplasma is introduced into the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, where secreting a special secret causes first a strong inflammation, and then begins the destruction of intercellular membranes, epithelial tissues, which ends with necrotic degeneration tissue.

In the pulmonary vesicles, mycoplasma rapidly multiply, the alveoli increase, and possibly the interalveolar septa. Mycoplasmal pneumonia develops slowly, the onset of the disease looks like a cold, then the temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, a violent cough begins. The temperature lasts about 5 days, then drops sharply, fixing at around 37-3 degrees, and holds for a long time. On the X-ray image clearly visible darkened foci, degeneration in connective tissue septums.

The difficulty of treating mycoplasmal pneumonia is that the pathogen is inside neutrophils, and this makes penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides ineffective. First of all, macrolides are prescribed: azithromycin (sumamed), spiromycin (rovamycin), clarithromycin, applied 2 times a day, no more than 2 weeks, with a smaller rate of relapse.

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia appoint a course of at least 2 weeks. Congestive pneumonia develops with prolonged bed rest, in elderly people, weakened, as well as complication after complicated operations. The flow of congestive pneumonia is slow, asymptomatic, there is no chill, fever, cough. The patient can be disturbed only by shortness of breath and weakness, drowsiness, later there is a coughing.

To treat congestive pneumonia it is possible and at home, but adhering to all prescriptions, and only under the control of a doctor, so most often the patient is hospitalized in a hospital. If a bacterial infection is found in the sputum (congestive pneumonia does not always have a bacterial character), antibiotics - cefazolin, digitum or protected penicillin - are prescribed. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

With congestive pneumonia, developing against a background of heart failure, additionally prescribed glycosides and diuretic medicinal complexes, along with antibacterial, bronchodilator, expectorant means. In addition, therapeutic exercise is shown, a diet rich in vitamins. With aspiration pneumonia, bronchoscopy is mandatory.

In general, with a timely diagnosis and antibiotic therapy, quality prevention and maintaining the patient's body, complications with congestive pneumonia does not develop, and recovery comes through 3-4 weeks.

Combination of antibiotics in pneumonia

The combination of antibiotics in pneumonia is introduced by the doctor into the treatment regimen under certain conditions that aggravate the clinic. In the clinic, the use of two or more antibiotics is not approved, due to the high burden on the body - the liver and kidneys of a weakened person can not cope with so many toxins. Therefore, in practice, the treatment of pneumonia with a single antibiotic, whose effect on the pathogenic flora is very high, is acceptable.

Combinations of antibiotics for pneumonia are acceptable when:

• Severe course of pneumonia, with secondary pneumonia.
• Mixed infection.
• Infections with oppressed immunity (with cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, use of cytostatics).
• Dangers or development of resistance to the selected antibiotic.

In such cases, a treatment regimen is developed, based on the introduction of antibiotics that affect Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms - penicillins + aminoglycosides or cephalosporins + aminoglycosides.

Do not engage in self-medication, as the necessary dosage of the drug can be prescribed only by a doctor, and with insufficient doses of antibiotic simply the resistance of microorganisms to the drug will develop, and at too high a dose cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, dysbiosis, severe form of anemia. In addition, some antibiotics for pneumonia, when combined, simply reduce the effectiveness of each other (for example, antibiotics + bacteriostatic drugs).

Best antibiotic for pneumonia

The best antibiotic for pneumonia is one to which the bacteria are most sensitive. For this purpose, special laboratory tests are carried out - bacteriological sprouting of the sputum is done to determine the pathogen and then put the test on sensitivity to antibiotics.

The main direction in the treatment of pneumonia is antibacterial therapy. Until the pathogen is identified, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. In case of community-acquired pneumonia, penicillin with clavulanic acid (amoxiclav, etc.), macrolides (rulid, rovamycin, etc.), cephalosporins of the 1st generation (kefzon, cefazolinum, tsoufalexin, etc.) are prescribed.

At hospital pneumonia appoint: penicillin in clavulanic acid, cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (klaforan, ceftide, fortum, etc.), fluoroquinolones (peflacin, ciprobai, taravid, etc.), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), carbapenems (thienes).

The full complex of therapy consists not only of a combination of antibiotics (2-3 species), but also directed to restoration of drainage of bronchi (introduction of euphyllinum, beroduala), for liquefaction and excretion of sputum from bronchi. Also inject anti-inflammatory, absorbable drugs, vitamins and components that stimulate the immune system - freshly frozen plasma intravenously, antistaphylococcal and anti-influenza immunoglobulin, interferon and etc.

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed according to a special scheme:

• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, intravenous and intramuscular injections of penicillin or cephalosporin preparations of the 1 st, 2 nd generation - cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxine.
• With the predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are prescribed.
• Atypical course of pneumonia appoint macrolides - azithromycin, midekamycin, as well as cephalosporins of the third generation - ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc.
• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci or enterococci, cephalosporins of the 4th generation - cefipin, carbapines - to thienes, meronem, etc., are prescribed.
• With the predominance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation-cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are additionally prescribed aminoglycosides.
• With the prevalence of fungal infection, cephalosporins of the third generation plus fluconazole are prescribed.
• With the predominance of intracellular organisms - mycoplasma, legionella, etc. appoint macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, etc.
• In case of anaerobic infection, inhibitor-protected penicillins-lincomycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and others-are prescribed.
• With penvmotsistnoy pneumonia appoint cotrimoxazole and macrolides.
• With cytomegalovirus pneumonia, ganciclovir, aciclovir, and cytotect are prescribed.

ilive.com.ua

What kind of injections are prescribed for pneumonia and pneumonia?

What are the injections for pneumonia? This question interests many people. There are several types of pneumonia.

The disease can develop for various reasons. It can be:

• bacterial infection;
• viruses;
• parasites;
• fungal infections.

Penetrating into the lung tissue, all these microorganisms cause inflammation in them. Despite the fact that today there are drugs that can cope with this disease, do not underestimate the situation.Inflammation of the lungs is a serious illness that can lead to complications.

Most often doctors prescribe injections from pneumonia. When pneumonia, antibiotics are usually prescribed. But given that there are several types of inflammation, only the doctor can determine the correct treatment. The most severe course of this disease is observed in elderly people, in children and in smokers.

The clinical picture of pneumonia has similar symptoms with bronchitis, influenza, or many colds. However, if there is pain in the chest, shortness of breath and pus in the sputum, it is worthwhile to be on the alert. There is a very high probability that you have pneumonia. Very often, with pneumonia, the body temperature rises and a cough appears. It can be dry or wet.

What should the patient do if there is a suspicion of pneumonia? The very first thing to do, if you are concerned about similar symptoms, immediately consult a doctor.

It is very important to pass a medical examination, to pass all the necessary tests. In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a lung X-ray. Today sputum is sown, this will distinguish pneumonia from other lung diseases, for example, from bronchitis or tuberculosis.

What are the types of pneumonia?

Pneumonia can be:

• bacterial;
• mycoplasmic;
• virus;
• fungal;
• pneumocystis.

To treat bacterial and mycoplasmic pneumonia, the doctor will prescribe a course of antibiotics. Today there are bacteria that have already developed resistance to antibacterial drugs. Most often, antibiotics are prescribed, which refer to the penicillin and macrolide groups. Often, penicillin can cause allergies, then the doctor can prescribe cephalosporins.

For the treatment of fungal pneumonia, antifungal drugs are prescribed. Today is often diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia.

The peculiarity of this disease is that most often it occurs in people who suffer from diseases associated with impaired immune system.

This species can be dangerous for patients with oncology, diabetes, smokers. Often this type of pneumonia occurs in preterm infants. Thus, for a person with suspected pneumonia, a visit to the doctor is mandatory.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

The first symptoms of the disease are manifested after a certain number of pathogens accumulate in the respiratory tree. They begin to multiply actively, which leads to the fact that the cells begin to break down. The organism, trying to cope with the disease, begins to replace the dead substances, as a result there is an unpleasant sensation, a dry cough.

Over time, immunity begins to fight with infection, inflammation develops in the lungs, and the character of the cough changes: it becomes wet.

Sputum begins to form in the lungs. Pneumonia has three main stages of its development:

• tide;
• hepatitis;
• repair.

The severity of the inflammation of the lungs depends on how much the organ tissues are affected. There are following forms of pneumonia:

1. When a pathological process develops in one or more alveolar tissues, a focal pneumonia is diagnosed.
2. If the inflammatory process is localized in the pulmonary segments, then segmental pneumonia is determined.
3. Often the inflammatory process develops in the lobe of the lung, in which case a diagnosis of lobar pneumonia is made.
4. If both lungs are affected, then the croupous pneumonia is determined.

Since the moment bacteria enter the organism, before the onset of the disease, it takes 3 to 4 weeks. At the initial stage of pneumonia, redness of the skin can be observed, often body temperature rises. Shortness of breath causes the development of dyspnea. Often there is pain in the chest area.

The main stages of pneumonia

The first stage of pneumonia lasts no more than two days.
At the next stage of the disease, which is called hepatitis, there is an increase in leukocytes in the blood, in the alveoli fluid begins to accumulate, in the lungs air exchange is disrupted. Sometimes inflammation affects the multifunctional tissue, which leads to the development of respiratory failure.

With timely treatment, the stage of resolution gradually begins. Disappears short of breath, the inflammatory fluid begins to resolve, the pathological symptoms disappear. However, the recovery process after pneumonia continues for a long time.

Why it is so important to begin timely treatment

As we see, pneumonia occurs in most cases quite hard. The consequences of the disease can be the most serious. The main symptoms are shortness of breath, sweating, high fever. Perhaps the most serious can be called pulmonary edema. This can lead to death. In order to prevent such a serious course of pneumonia, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

Particularly difficult for inflammation of the lungs can be in children. One of the most disturbing symptoms of pneumonia in small patients is an elevated temperature that does not exceed 38 ° C. At the same time, it is not possible to achieve a reduction in temperature by taking antipyretics. Rapid breathing, even without symptoms of cough, is a symptom of pneumonia. Infants often develop shortness of breath.

Mycoplasmosis, legionella and chlamydia pneumonia are atypical. A characteristic sign is a perspiration in the throat, rhinitis and dry cough can develop. Often there is vomiting, the child refuses to eat. In adults, very often a sign of beginning inflammation of the lungs is a dry cough. Sputum is not excreted. Against the background of cough, there is often an increase in body temperature, there is a chill. With physical exertion, dyspnea may appear.

An alarming symptom is the appearance of aching pain in the chest, which can also indicate pleurisy. Often there is an exacerbation of herpes, which can speak of low immunity.

How is pneumonia treated?

At the heart of the treatment of pneumonia is the administration of antibiotics. Most often it's Suprax, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Cefixime. Different types of pneumonia require different treatment.

Pneumocystis pneumonia is treated with the use of chemotherapy drugs. Begin the treatment as soon as possible.

In most cases, patients diagnosed with pneumonia are hospitalized. Antibiotics, which are necessary for treatment, are selected taking into account the age of the patient and the severity of the course of the disease. In order to choose the most effective antibiotic, do a series of tests that allow you to cope with the infection.

Punctures from pneumonia

If the patient has a severe illness, if it is a child under 3 years old or an elderly person is older than 70 years, then the treatment is performed with antibiotics in injections in a hospital setting.

In severe condition, the patient is prescribed injections of such drugs as:

• Ceftazidime;
• Meropenem.

When a disease of the lung and the middle course appoint nyxes:

• Amoxicillin;
• Amoxyclav;
• Augmentin.

With typical pneumonia of the middle course, caused by streptococci, pneumococci, enterobacteria, appoint injections of cephalosporins:

• Cefotaxime;
• Ceftriaxone.

.

If the patient is intolerant of penicillins, then such a patient is prescribed injections:

• Sumamed;
• Azitral;
• Hemomycin.

If the inflammation of the lungs is complicated by an abscess or pleurisy, then injections of Timentin are made.

With intolerance of the above-mentioned drugs, the patient is given injections of fluoroquinolones of the 3rd generation:

• Levofloxacin;
• Remedy;
• Levoflox.

If the disease is complicated by sepsis, then appoint:

• Meropenem;
• Imipenem.

.

Pricks of antibiotics for pneumonia can be done only according to the prescription of the treating doctor and under strict control of it.

respiratoria.ru

What antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia?

Antibiotics - this is a group of drugs, which you have to face in this or that case, almost every person. Despite the fact that these drugs are considered serious, unfortunately, it is impossible to do without them, in particular, in the treatment of pneumonia. Which antibiotics for pneumonia are used especially often and why they are the most effective means to combat this disease, we will discuss in the article.

What factors influence the choice of a particular medication for pneumonia?

In medicine, pneumonia refers to a group of severe and life-threatening ailments. The causative agents of this disease can be both viruses and fungi. But most often the disease is caused by infection with bacteria - pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, etc. The area of ​​the lung at the same time stops functioning normally, causing many severe consequences for the body.

Not so long ago, the main antibiotics for fighting lung inflammation were easy to identify, since this ailment was treated only with penicillin drugs. But, as it turned out, bacteria are able to develop resistance to drugs. Now these antibiotics may not be so effective, researchers had to develop new drugs. Nowadays, a huge number of them appeared, which is good, and at the same time it is difficult for the doctor, since now he has to take into account a lot of factors in order to find an adequate treatment.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be prescribed, now depends on many factors: not only the form disease, but also its causes, the susceptibility of the body to this drug, as well as what preparations of this group have already been used by patients earlier.

How is the treatment prescribed for pneumonia?

In order to make the diagnosis as accurate as possible, the composition of the sputum of the patient determines the laboratory type of bacteria that triggered the disease. In the analysis of the analysis, as a rule, the pharmacological group is indicated, and among its preparations the doctor selects the one that has the least contraindications and side effects. This is mainly about the following groups of antibiotics:

• cephalosporins (Aksetin, Supraks, Cefixim, Zinat, etc.);
• fluoroquinolones ("Levofloxacin "Avelox "Moximak "Moxifloxacin etc.);
• macrolides ("Azithromycin "Chemomycetin "Sumamed etc.),
• group of tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride, etc.).

Each of them contains active substances that allow the specialist to choose the most precisely what to treat pneumonia. Antibiotics are selected on the basis of a specific case, and in order to expand the scope of drugs, it is often necessary to designate funds from two groups at once.

The use of antibiotics depending on the pathogen

It is not so difficult to guess that each of the listed series best copes with certain types of pathogens of pneumonia. Thus, macrolides act best on the activity of pneumococci, which provoked pneumonia. Treatment with antibiotics from the group of fluoroquinolones in this case is ineffective, and to the preparations of the tetracycline series, these microorganisms are practically insensitive.

For the hemophilic rod, the most active drugs are fluoroquinolones, and if the disease is caused by enterobacteria - drugs from the group of third-generation cephalosporins. In the treatment of mycoplasmal or chlamydial pneumonia, as a rule, macrolides and antibiotics from the tetracycline group are chosen.

What antibiotics are used most often

Of course, in medical practice, there are antibiotics, with pneumonia the doctors are most popular. So, if the patient has not reached the age of 60, he does not have diabetes or pathologies of the cardiovascular system, then for the treatment of segmental or focal pneumonia specialists prefer the well-proven drugs "Avelox" and "Tavanik" (which, by the way, is preferable to its cheaper analogue "Loksof" or "Levofloxacin"). If they are taken in combination with the tablets "Amoxiclav" or "Augmentin then a positive effect can be achieved within two weeks after the beginning of the reception.

If the patient's condition does not improve and the temperature does not drop even on the fourth day, then other antibiotics should be selected against pneumonia. As a rule, in such cases, drugs "Azitro-Sandoz" or "Sumamed" instead of "Augmentin" are prescribed.

A good combination is also the use of "Sumamed" tablets (1 table. 1 time per day) in combination with intramuscular or intravenous injections of Fortum (2 mg 2 times a day).

Popular injections: antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotic injection for pneumonia usually takes seven to ten days. But in no case this treatment can not be carried out independently, without the appointment and supervision of a doctor, or to interrupt the prescribed course, having decided that the state of health has already improved. All this in the end will provoke the resistance of the surviving bacteria to the drugs, and the untreated or returned pathology will be more complicated, and it will be worse to treat.

Most often in the form of injections, the following antibiotics are used for pneumonia:

• "Ceftriaxone" (it is injected every 12 hours, diluting previously in a solution of novocaine).
• "Amoxicillin" in combination with the drug "Sulbaktam" (3 r. in a day).
• "Azithromycin" is administered intravenously. This is done slowly, drip, because this drug can not be injected intramuscularly.

By the way, it should be noted that with the appointment of antibiotics, there are several features. So, the conclusion that you need to replace this drug, you can do it only 2-3 days after the start of treatment. The reason for this decision may be the risk of serious side effects or excessive toxicity of any antibiotic that will not allow them to take them for a long time.

Basic rules for injection from pneumonia

Effective antibiotics for pneumonia can be selected only by a doctor. But if the patient is shown out-patient treatment, then someone will have to inject him. In this case, in order not to cause unnecessary complications, several rules should be observed.

1. Remember that the course of antibiotic treatment for pneumonia can not be less than 10 days.
2. When prescribing drugs for injection, which are available in the form of powders, remember: they can be diluted only immediately before the procedure. Do not do this in advance!
3. To dilute antibiotics use saline, novocaine, lidocaine or water for injection. They are taken in the standard proportion: 1 g of the drug - 1 ml of liquid.
4. Before the first injection, make a skin test. To do this, scratch with a sterile disposable needle from the syringe skin and apply a few drops of the prescribed remedy on the wound. If after 15 minutes she did not blush and began to itch, then there is no allergy to this medicine. Otherwise, it must be replaced.
5. If after the injections remains a painful infiltration - it is applied to the iodine grid to accelerate resorption.

What antibiotics are considered to be reserve

In the case of severe pneumonia, the patient is assigned the so-called reserve drugs. That is, potent antibiotics, which are "left" by doctors for an extreme case (all this is done because of the easily developed resistance of bacteria to drugs).

Therefore, it is worth remembering their name. Antibiotics for pneumonia with severe course are "Ceftazidime "Timentine "Sparfloxacin "Tientam "Grimipenem". They are not prescribed in the case of mild or moderate severity of the disease, because no one is insured in the future from surgical interventions and similar health problems, when their application will be especially necessary.

What antibiotics should not be used

In view of the previously mentioned high resistance to drugs of microorganisms that caused pneumonia, treatment with antibiotics listed below will not give the desired effect. To such means carry:

• simple penicillins ("Bicellin "Ampicillin "Oxacillin etc.),
• cephalosporins of the first and second generation ("Cefazolin "Cefalexin "Cefamizin"),
• fluoroquinolones of the first and second generation ("Nalidixic acid "Norfloxacin "Ofloxacin" and "Ciprofloxacin").

Do not prescribe antibacterial therapy!

Finally, I want to emphasize that self-administration of antibiotics is very dangerous, but not only because they can cause serious side effects.

Regardless of what antibiotics are treated for pneumonia, microorganisms very quickly develop drug resistance to them. So, every new case, which will have to take these drugs, threatens that the expected action will not happen. This, of course, will prolong the course of the disease and cause various difficulties. Therefore, in order not to put yourself in the future in a difficult situation, do not engage in self-medication. And be healthy!

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Antibiotics for pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory process in the lungs, often a consequence or complication of bronchitis. Treatment of pneumonia is carried out with antibiotics on a mandatory basis, because the causative agents of the disease are bacteriological infections.

Types of disease

There are pneumonia:

1. Hospital.
2. Community-acquired.

Depending on the treatment regime, different regimens for antibiotics are selected.

Rules for prescribing:

1. Choose a wide-spectrum antibiotic. This will be first line antibiotic therapy. The cause of the disease is assumed based on the color of sputum separated from the lungs and the nature of the course of pneumonia.
2. Conduct an analysis to identify the bacteria that caused the disease, as well as their sensitivity to antibiotics.
3. Correct the treatment scheme according to the results of the smear analysis of the sputum to be separated.

When choosing which antibiotics to drink in acute bronchitis and pneumonia, you should also consider:

• severity of the disease;
• contraindications;
• possible allergic reactions;
• toxicity of drugs;
• the tendency of development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics;
• the speed of penetration of the drug in body fluids;
• the speed at which the therapeutic dosage is reached in the foci of inflammation;
• spectrum of action of the drug.

Ineffectiveness of antibiotic in pneumonia

Such situations are quite a rarity. Basically they arise because of previous self-treatment of the patient with the help of bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents. Causes of lack of effectiveness of drugs can also be:

• frequent use and change of antibiotics;
• development of resistance of microorganisms to the selected drug;
• incorrect choice of dosage and duration of treatment.

The solution to the problem is replacing the drug with another, or combining several drugs.

What antibiotics to treat hospital pneumonia?

Hospital type of pneumonia involves a constant finding of a patient in a hospital hospital and supervision by a doctor.

First line.The following drugs are used:

1. Amoxicillin.
2. Penicillin.
3. Cefepime.
4. Ceftazidime.
5. Cefoperazone.

When intolerance of the above antibiotics or the occurrence of allergic reactions, it is possible to use alternative agents:

1. Ticarcillin.
2. Piperacillin.
3. Cefotaxime.
4. Ceftriaxone.
5. Ciprofloxacin.

In some cases, a combination of antibiotics is required to quickly improve the patient's condition and achieve the necessary concentration of the active substance in the body.

The basis for its use are:

• severe course of the disease;
• mixed infection;
• rapid development of microbial resistance to a single form of antibiotic;
• inflammatory process occurs against the background of oppressed immunity;
• The causative agent of infection is a combination of microorganisms that do not fall within the spectrum of exposure of any drug.

Antibiotics used together:

1. Cefuroxime and gentamicin;
2. Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
3. Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
4. Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
5. Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

The second line.If the initial treatment regimen is ineffective or in accordance with the correction according to the results of the pathogen analysis:

1. Cefepime.
2. Ticarcillin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Imipenem.
5. Meropenem.

Antibiotics against community-acquired pneumonia

At a mild and moderate stage of the disease, such antibiotics are used:

1. Clartromycin.
2. Azithromycin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Doxycycline.
5. Aminopenicillin.
6. Benzylpenicillin.

Names of antibiotics in the severe stage of pneumonia:

1. Cefotaxime.
2. Ceftriaxone.
3. Clarithromycin.
4. Azithromycin.
5. Fluoroquinolone.

Combinations of the above drugs can be used.

To choose the best suitable antibiotic for pneumonia, certainly, should the doctor. This will prevent the aggravation of the course of the disease and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the body.

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Do antibiotics prescribe for pneumonia in children?

Pneumonia (pneumonia) is a dangerous disease that does not spare an adult or a child. Antibiotics for pneumonia in children belong to the category of effective drugs that help cope with the most neglected of its forms. Thanks to the use of antibiotics, the effectiveness of treatment is always at a high level.

In a number of countries, pneumococci, which are the causative agents of pneumonia, have become resistant to this type of medication, which can not be say about the Russian regions and countries of the former post-Soviet space in which most strains retained sensitivity to him.

Symptoms of pneumonia

In children of different age categories, this disease appears and develops in its own way. In children under six years of pneumonia causes a hemophilic rod. Schoolchildren have mycoplasma and chlamydia pneumonia. But most often these are bacteria that constantly inhabit the nasopharynx - pneumococci.

In order to assign an effective treatment for pneumonia to a child, the pediatrician conducts clinical tests and an X-ray examination that allows the appointment of an effective medical product. Despite the fear of parents to make a baby X-ray, in the treatment of pneumonia this is today the only accurate diagnosis.

The main symptoms of the disease in young children are:

• The presence of body temperature above 380C, which lasts more than three days;
• hard breath;
• Dyspnea with a respiration rate per minute more than 40 times;
• blue lips, skin;
• complete refusal to eat;
• a state of persistent drowsiness.

When observing these symptoms in their babies, parents should immediately contact the pediatrician. In no case should self-medication be performed. Some types of lung disease, including pneumonia, begin with a demonstration of symptoms similar to the usual colds: runny nose, sneezing, dry cough. Recognize this pneumonia can only be in the presence of dyspnea and fever.

In children, this disease is also characterized by the fact that their skin is drawn into the intercostal spaces from the side of the sick lung. You can see this sign only by undressing the child and carefully observing how the relief of his skin changes in intercostal spaces during breathing. It should also be counted how many breaths per minute it makes.

Treatment with antibiotics

The danger of pneumonia in children is that the immature baby organism is very sensitive to all sorts of side effects after the illness. The disease sharply disturbs the heart activity, the work of many other organs. Particularly dangerous complication, which causes inflammation of the pleura - pleurisy, leading to the formation of a light purulent cavity.

Many parents can not immediately recognize pneumonia, go to a doctor late or think that a cough or high fever is a sign of a cold. Heavy forms of pneumonia are treated in hospital settings, but more often with the disease cope and at home. In order to determine the severity of the disease, the doctor can refer the child to the hospital for a more complete examination and accurate diagnosis.

For children, home treatment has a number of advantages: a familiar setting, around familiar people, and there is no likelihood of a second infection due to being in an environment where it is full of pathogens resistant to antibacterial agents that treat inflammation lungs. At home, children are provided with a comfortable and quiet environment, high-calorie, easily assimilated, rich in vitamins.

The main factor in the effective treatment of pneumonia is considered to be antibacterial treatment. With simple stages of pneumonia, antibiotics of the penicillin group (phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxicillin) or macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin) are prescribed.In more complex cases of the disease, doctors prescribe an antibiotic in injections.In the treatment of antibiotics, third-generation drugs can be used: Cefix, Cedex, Cefodox, Augmentin and others, but only in accordance with the recommendations of physicians.

When prescribing antibiotics, the weight of the child, the age and the causative agent of the disease are taken into account. If the improvement has come and the temperature has dropped to below 380 ° C, intramuscular administration of the drugs is discontinuing and medication is continued with tablets.

There are cases when the action of an antibiotic does not give a proper result, then the doctor prescribes another drug. With antibacterial therapy, the main indicator is a decrease in body temperature, so when taking antibiotics at the same time it is not recommended to give the baby antipyretics. The first few days, while the temperature is holding, the appetite of children is lowered, during this period it is necessary to give him as much liquid as possible in the form of broths, juices, compotes or vitamin teas.

Not the least role in improving the therapeutic effect is played by the situation where the patient is. The room should be cool, clean and constantly ventilated, as the child in such conditions is easier to breathe. To bathe a child in the presence of high temperature is impossible, but water procedures in the form of wiping with warm water should be mandatory. Once the temperature is normal, the general hygiene procedures should return to normal mode. With mild forms of pneumonia, antibiotics are not required.

Treatment without antibiotics

If parents at the appearance of cold symptoms on time turned to the doctor, conducted all the necessary tests and diagnosis of the disease, doctors can attribute sparing therapy - drops in the nose and anti-catarrhal of medicine. Effective means are those that improve expectoration of sputum, including mucolytic drugs that relieve spasm of the bronchi.

A good way to normalize the breathing muscles is breathing exercises, especially for children who have undergone pleurisy. It is important to conduct warming procedures in the presence of low temperature, body massage and exercise therapy.

Infants after normalization of body temperature can visit the street, provided that the air temperature is not lower than five degrees. Older children can walk outside after three weeks from the onset of the illness, provided that the main symptoms of the disease are absent. Doctors recommend that children of school age abstain from sports activities and do not overload the body, since complete restoration of blood circulation in the affected lung occurs only after a two-month rehabilitation.

In order not to provoke a repeated course of the disease in children susceptible to inflammatory processes, doctors recommend avoiding their presence in smoky, overcrowded rooms. As is known, passive smokers absorb harmful substances from cigarette smoke more than the smoker himself.

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Prevention of pneumonia

To date, infant mortality from this disease is a very rare phenomenon, but it is present in medical practice. There are many reasons for this: chronic diseases, late treatment of parents to a doctor, an incorrect way of life and many others. In order to reduce the child mortality rate for this disease, doctors developed a special strategy. One of its effective directions is immunization against pneumococcus, measles and whooping cough, which contribute to the development of pneumonia in children.

One of the important areas of prevention of pneumonia is considered to increase the protective properties of the child's body.

For this purpose, during the year, children are given hardening procedures. For babies is particularly important adequate nutrition, which is the source of the defenses of the body. We should not forget about folk remedies that increase the body's resistance, possess anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the need to include in the diet of the child vitamin juices, vegetables, fruits, rich in vitamins A, C, B, R.

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Reduces the risk of the disease and the need to adhere to the rules of personal hygiene. Parents should take care of that the kid was in ecologically clean conditions of residing.

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