Photo of genyantritis: what it is and how the symptoms look in the picture
Some people are interested in what looks like maxillary sinusitis on an x-ray and ultrasound scan?
Without proper medical equipment, it is almost impossible to determine the inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.
First of all, the doctor suggests to make the patient an x-ray or ultrasound of the nasal sinuses.
When studying the picture, the doctor first looks at the state of the sinuses of the nose. If they are not pneumatized, that is, they are not filled with air, then it means a pathological process.
The sinusitis in the picture can be determined by the dark and semi-oval formations, which are located on both sides of the nasal cavities.
Through air tissue formations, the X-ray passes unhindered and is not reflected from them. Consequently, such a reflection on X-ray will not be recorded. If there is a congestion in the nasal cavity, then it is a sinusitis (see photo below). With genyantritis, three types of fluids can be present in the nasal cavity:
- Catarrhal.
- Mucous.
- Purulent.
However, even if a patient gets a picture in his hand, with such signs, he should not prescribe his own treatment, as this picture does not always indicate sinusitis. Often additional studies are required to establish an accurate diagnosis.
Purulent or catarrhal substance can not always be determined by characteristic darkening. A more often rounded dark spot appears with cysts or tumor formations. If the malignant formation begins to develop in the paranasal sinuses, this obscuration can be seen only after a certain time.
By analogy with sinusitis, cysts usually increase proportionally in all directions.
What can not be seen on X-rays
Sometimes it is impossible to differentiate the purulent and catarrhal inflammation of the maxillary sinuses on an X-ray image. A simple inflammatory fluid and a purulent infiltrate on the image look the same. In this case, the morphological composition of the contents of the nasal cavity can be determined only after taking the puncture.However, in the presence of pus shades in the picture will be lighter, and with edema the entire picture will be uniformly colored. However, some physicians do not consider this statement to be true, therefore, studies in this area are still underway.
It is impossible to determine a cyst or tumor formation without contrast X-ray. The disease is clearly visible in the image of the direct projection. However, in order to be sure of the diagnosis, it is better for the doctor to assign pictures in additional projections:
- Nosopubborodochnoy.
- Chin.
- Axial.
How does sinusitis on the evidence of an X-ray can be seen in the photo.
Causes and symptoms of genyantritis
The causes that cause inflammation of the maxillary sinuses are different. Most often, sinusitis and its unpleasant symptoms are complications of infectious pathologies of the upper respiratory tract, the treatment of which was ineffective or not at all.Inflammation of the maxillary cavities can develop after rhinitis (runny nose). This condition must necessarily be treated, otherwise the inflammation can spread to the maxillary sinuses. Other reasons include:
- Tonsillitis.
- Adenoiditis.
- Curvature of the nasal septum.
- Diseases of the teeth.
- Allergies.
- Decreased immunity.
- Diseases of autoimmune nature.
Symptoms of sinusitis in adults:
- Swelling and stuffiness of the nose.
- Mucous discharge from the nasal passages.
- Green and yellow dense crusts in the nose.
- Soreness in the area of the maxillary sinuses, provoked by fluid pressure from the inside.
- Unpleasant odor from the nose.
If the treatment of sinusitis does not occur in time, the symptoms of the disease, in particular pain, become more pronounced. With genyantritis, the sense of smell almost always disappears.
In acute inflammatory process in the maxillary cavities, the patient often raises body temperature and there is a general deterioration in well-being.
Treatment of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses
What treatment is best for maxillary sinusitis? Such a question is often asked by patients to the otolaryngologist. Treatment entirely depends on the factors that provoked the inflammatory process.
- If the genyantritis is bacterial in nature, the doctor must prescribe the patient antibiotics for sinusitis. Usually it is Augmentin, Amoxicilin, Doxycycline.
- Treatment of sinusitis requires the use of local preparations of antibacterial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory action: Isofra, Bioparox, Polidex.
- In the therapeutic complex with sinusitis include vasoconstrictive drugs, among them: Tizin, Naphthyzinum, Galazolin. These drugs temporarily eliminate the symptoms of sinusitis, but do not treat the disease itself.
- Uncomplicated sinusitis can be treated with the daily rinsing of the nasal cavity with special antiseptic solutions. This measure is necessary to ensure the outflow of mucus and pus.
- If the disease is allergic, the patient should take antihistamines.
If the symptoms of sinusitis are viscous and thick mucus, it must be diluted. For this purpose, special thinners are used:
- Minuporte.
- Fluidite.
- Sinupret.
- Rinoflumacil.
- Erespal.
All of them are of plant origin and are assigned in combination with other means. Often, sinusitis is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, in this case, the patient is shown antipyretic drugs (Nurofen, Paracetamol). Nurofen is given and when the disease provokes severe pain in the face.
Purulent inflammation and the inability to exit the contents require a puncture. The procedure consists in puncturing the wall of the maxillary sinus, aspiration of the pus, rinsing the cavity, followed by the administration of antibiotics and antiseptics. How to diagnose sinusitis, Dr. Komarovsky will tell in the video in this article.
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X-ray of the maxillary sinuses: a description of the method, indications and contraindications
- X-ray in genyantema
- A picture of genyantritis
X-ray of the maxillary sinuses is a diagnostic method for examining the maxillary sinus sinus.
It is aimed at identifying deviations, infectious processes and various pathological formations.
Radiography of internal structures of the maxillary sinuses determines various degrees of changes in the mucous membrane, cysts, tumors and foreign bodies.
Unlike CT and MRI, X-ray examination has a lower level of safety due to radiation, with which the image is obtained.
The x-ray of the maxillary sinuses takes from 15 to 20 minutes, is performed by a radiologist in two projections, standing or lying down. The resulting summary projection image of the cavities of the paranasal sinuses allows the doctor to make the correct diagnosis and start a specific treatment.
note
Preparation for X-ray of maxillary sinuses is not required. The method of investigation is carried out urgently with injuries or acute conditions free of charge in the direction of the doctor or paid in private clinics and medical centers.
If the symptoms persist for a long time against the background of the therapy, a second examination is performed a month after the last visit. Chronic diseases of the paranasal sinuses lead to the development of complications, inflammation of the meninges or orbitals, the classic panoramic X-ray image reflects the first changes in the bones of the facial skeleton.
Indications for X-rays of the maxillary sinuses include:
- clinical signs of sinusitis (nasal congestion, facial pain when leaning forward and percussion);
- caries of the upper teeth, implant surgery;
- polyposis of nasal concha;
- tumors;
- cysts;
- injuries;
- foreign bodies;
- bleeding;
- headache of unclear etiology.
X-ray of the maxillary sinuses reveals characteristic shadows with sinusitis or fluid level (pus) in cases of severe bacterial infection. Subtotal and total darkening of the walls of the maxillary sinuses allows one to suspect proliferative changes in the background of parietal hyperplastic sinusitis.
Contraindication to the x-ray of the maxillary sinuses is the period of pregnancy, studies on the limitation of radiation exposure have demonstrated a teratogenic effect on the fetus, especially on early terms.
The cost of X-ray of maxillary sinuses is in Moscow from 1200 to 1900 rubles, in Voronezh from 1000 to 1500 rubles, in Kursk from 1100 to 1800 rubles, prices also depend on the organization in which the examination.
X-ray of the sinuses in sinusitis: the difference between the x-rays of the nasal sinuses with sinusitis and a healthy person
The x-ray of the nasal sinuses in the genyantritis reveals characteristic changes that allow one to suspect pathological inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus.The nasal sinuses of a healthy person are the dark semi-oval formations located on both sides of the nose.The degree of intensity of sinus staining on an X-ray is determined by comparison with a tinge of the eye sockets.
In acute catarrhal sinusitis, signs of a beginner inflammation is a reduction in pneumatization cavity, the formation of infiltration of the inner shell of the sinus floor, which is manifested by the thickening of the layer tissue. The x-ray of the nasal sinuses will show darkening on one or both sides, tightening the nasal passages and jaws of the maxillary.
In acute serous or purulent sinusitis, in addition to reducing pneumatization, the pathological content is determined - the horizontal level of the fluid (exudate, pus). In the case of partial or complete filling of the sinus with pus, a puncture is required to prevent breakthrough in the bones of the facial skull, latticed sinuses and external meninges.
In chronic sinusitis, the x-ray of the sinuses determines hyperplastic proliferation of the mucosa, the presence of polyps and adhesions.In chronic pathology, the process often spreads to the bone, causing osteomyelitis of the facial skeleton, when suspected of requiring a powerful antibiotic treatment.
To make an x-ray of nasal sinuses at a genyantritis in St.-Petersburg and Novosibirsk on a direction of the doctor it is possible free of charge in the state organizations (an out-patient department, a hospital).
A picture of a genyantritis: that it is possible to learn or find out, as the pus looks or appears and what for the repeated picture is necessary
A picture of genyantritis in an adult or child allows you to assess the degree of inflammation, determine the presence or absence of fluid.Depending on the type of pathology, the doctor prescribes a specific therapy or physiotherapy procedures.
According to the received data it is possible to suspect the etiology of sinusitis, to appoint the right treatment.
In allergic sinusitis due to puffy growths of the mucous membrane of the sinuses, a chronic runny nose develops, requiring the use of antihistamines. With exudative viral rhinitis in the sinuses, there is a decrease in pneumatization, a thickening of the mucous membrane lining the bottom, a general darkening of the sinus.
If a secondary bacterial infection joins, the doctor must prescribe specific drugs against her growth. Chronic sinusitis is dangerous by the growing atrophy of the mucous membrane, a persistent runny nose and dystrophic changes in the bones.
Pus in the picture of maxillary sinus after bacterial infection is defined as the horizontal level of the fluid or total darkening of the sinus. Purulent effusion is dangerous for the development of complications, melting of the bones of the facial skull with the involvement of the brain tissue in the process. Clinically manifested severe severity in the near-nasal area with a forward tilt, headaches, high fever and symptoms of general intoxication.
Why do you take a second shot with genyantritis?In cases of severe disease, when there are signs of fluid accumulation, in spite of ongoing treatment, during the transition of sinusitis to the chronic hyperplastic phase is repeated examination.
A repeated picture of sinusitis helps the doctor evaluate the treatment, and in some cases, change the tactics of drug therapy or send the patient for surgery.
What usually can not be seen in the pictures?According to the picture, it is impossible to determine the cause of sinusitis in the patient, the initial process of inflammation due to the absence of pronounced changes. The first phases of osteomyelitis or odontogenic sinusitis are also difficult to identify even to an experienced specialist.
In large cities, for example, in Minsk, the procedure is carried out in modern clinics, where not only X-ray, but also magnetic resonance methods are available.
.gajmorit.com
Features, as the genyantritis on a roentgen
Many people are interested in what the genyantitis looks like in the picture. When diagnosing a disease, a simple person will not be able to properly identify it; as the genyantritis on a picture looks, the experienced ENT can tell only.Only specialists know how the detection of maxillary sinuses occurs, as it looks like maxillary sinusitis on the x-ray.
What does an x-ray scan show for sinusitis?
Usually the doctor first of all pays attention to the nasal sinuses. In the normal state, they are not pneumatized, therefore, the X-ray image will show a mapping in the form of dark semi-oval formations on either side of the nasal cavity. It is worth noting that the x-ray passes through air tissue formations and has no reflections from them. Thus, on the X-ray itself, reflection will not be fixed.
If there is a liquid in the cavity of the liquid, a large darkening is observed. As an example, one of the radiographs, which describes an experienced doctor. He notes that the definition of maxillary sinuses does not depend on the level and type of darkening. This does not mean that there is sinusitis in the picture. In the same way, one can not immediately determine and fronts. Sinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the sinuses of the nose. They will contain the following types of liquid:
- Catarrhal.
- Mucous.
- Purulent.
In the picture, it can be noted in this disease the presence of a black shade of sinuses with a light infiltrative substance inside. By the presence of sharp contrast, the doctor can distinguish the pathology from the normal state. Remember that not always such a picture on the x-ray can indicate the presence of the disease. Therefore, do not engage in self-medication, and immediately go to a consultation with LOR. When he determines that there is PPN, therefore, will prescribe treatment for sinusitis.
The frontitis or sinusitis can be traced on the x-ray due to the presence of existing light shadows on the background of the black cavity around the nose. However, everything is not as simple as it seems. The fact is that if a purulent or catarrhal substance is formed, then in the picture it will not be in the form of a shadow. Rounded darkening appears with tumor formation or cysts. If the malignant formation of the paranasal sinuses begins to grow, then this growth can only be seen after a certain period of time. Cysts are likewise able to increase in their sizes in different directions proportionally.
What can not be recognized on an X-ray?
It is determined that sinusitis, purulent or catarrhal can be seen in the picture of the nasal sinuses. But there are such things that can not be seen on the x-ray: this is a morphological type of infiltrate substrate. Pus and a simple inflammatory fluid on the X-ray look the same. In order to recognize the morphological type of the structure, it is necessary to do a sinus puncture.Some doctors say that if pus is present, slightly light shades will appear, and if there is swelling, the whole shade of the picture will be uniform. But experts say that this information is not confirmed, since it is necessary to study this in detail.
Without contrast X-ray, it is impossible to determine the cyst or tumor formation. The disease is clearly visible and on a simple picture of a direct projection. To know for sure the exact diagnosis, you can perform additional examination in the form of nosopodbornoy, collateral and axial projection.
Remember that only a doctor should make a conclusion and prescribe appropriate therapy.
It is strictly forbidden to engage in self-diagnosis and self-medication.
lor03.ru
Photographic materials
In this section we have collected for you photographic materials containing X-rays of the maxillary sinuses in the normal state and with various kinds of sinusitis. They will help you to know what the sinuses of a healthy person differ from sinuses in sinusitis, sinusitis, front.
The x-ray of the paranasal sinuses is normal
An x-ray at a genyantritis in the form of a blackout with the top horizontal level (similarly at front)
X-ray for right-sided maxillary sinusitis
X-ray for allergic sinusitis
gajmorit.com
There was a rhinitis made a picture-a genyantritis, wanted to go to the hospital.
Answers:
Sokolov Vitaly
Let's see what kind of disease it is, and how the common cold can transform into sinusitis.
During a runny nose in the nasal passages the infection settles, pathogenic bacteria cause swelling of the nasal mucosa, the nose "pawns". Appears slime, first transparent ("snot flow"), and then a thick, green color. Here you need to be alert. The appearance of green mucus is a sign of severe inflammation. With a cold, we often blow our nose, trying our best to clean the nose. And often we forget that the nasal passages are closely connected with the maxillary sinuses located on both sides of the nose, under the eyes. From intense nose blows, mucus enters the sinus and inflammation begins - the sinusitis.
Diagnosis of genyantritis
The doctor determines the genyantritis after the examination: inserts the expander into the nose and visually inspects each nostril.
But an accurate diagnosis can be established only on the basis of X-ray data. The patient is taken an X-ray, and if there is sinusitis, the area between the eyes and the upper jaw will be opaque, white.
You can identify sinusitis and yourself: stand up, and slowly lean forward. With genyantritis you will feel a drawing pain in the area of the maxillary sinuses and forehead.
Sometimes it happens that the roots of the upper teeth are very close to the maxillary sinuses, and then the patient with the sinusitis constantly feels pain in the entire upper jaw.
Acute and chronic sinusitis
Acute sinusitis declares itself a constant headache, thick mucous discharge from the nose, a feeling of pressure and bursting from the inside. The patient feels weak and shattered.
If the genyantritis is not treated, it goes into a chronic form. The pain gradually disappears, but the stuffiness of the nose, periodic headaches remain. MirSovetov does not recommend taking a sip of vasoconstrictor to make the nose breathe. But many people often use such medications, but if it is a genyantritis, then it can not be cured in this way, but one can only become addicted to the medicines used.
It is worth noting that with chronic sinusitis in the nose there is always a foci of infection, so any hypothermia or alcohol abuse (alcohol is a powerful blow to immunity) leads to a prolonged coryza. In the unfavorable course of chronic sinusitis, the nose develops polyps that need to be surgically removed. The most unpleasant consequence of chronic sinusitis is the loss of the ability to smell.
Treatment of genyantritis
In acute sinusitis, the doctor prescribes antibiotics to the patient. Now there are powerful drugs that can defeat the disease in just three days. It's Zitrolid or Macropen. You need to take one capsule a day before meals, with plenty of water.
There are also older antibiotics used to treat sinusitis - ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin. The choice of an antibiotic depends on the physician's preferences and on the presence / absence of a patient's allergy to this or that kind of antibiotics. To facilitate breathing, the doctor will prescribe vasoconstrictors, but also explain how often they can be used (galazoline, nasol, otrivin and others). If there is a suspicion that the allergic reaction has caused the sinusitis, antiallergic drugs will be prescribed: Clarotadine, Tavegil, Cetrin Suprastin, Zirtek, Claritin.
Tolkunova Anna
such questions should not be asked on the forum - it's not funny, even sad ...
old
It is necessary to squeeze the juice Kalanchoe therapeutic and drip (pour almost) into the nostrils. First it will be an eerie long sneezing, and then all the muck from the maxillary sinuses will fly out.
Igor komusak
Slept an inflammatory edema, but there was residual edema. Be like quartz in physiotherapy, but catching cold with this procedure is almost like death - therefore they offer hospital conditions and by puncture will speed up stabilization and general therapy.
Maria Dyachkova
Look with caution. My husband at one time did not cure maxillary sinusitis and his pus went into the frontal sinuses (this is called the frontitis). They did the operation. T. h. better treated under medical supervision!
Lyudmila
Schema Treatment of sinusitis (sinusitis)
the drug "Sinuforte." A very caustic drug, irritates the mucous, I do not advise.
1. Antibiotics amoxiclav 1000 mg. For 1 tabl. - 2 times a day for 7 days (or augmentin 875 mg. )
2. Sinupret 2tab-3 times a day. 1014 days (improves the outflow-the exit of mucus, pus with sinuses) herbal preparation.
3 Rinsing the nose
You can wash your nose with saline solution or warm mineral water without gas, (or warm boiled) 2-3 times a day, only rinse better with a device for wash the nose (Dolphin or Rhinolife), or drip 2-3 pipets, and well vysmarkivatsya, but in no case can not draw water into the nose and rinse syringes. (since the water can get into the sinuses and auditory tubes,) or use the spray to wash the nose:
Aqua Maris Sea water,
SALIN. Nodium chloride,
Humer-150 adults and children are not diluted, sterile, isotonic sea water for washing the nose.
4. In the nose Polidex with phenylephrine on 1 injection-4 times a day 7-10 days.
5. Multivitamins
6. Erespal 1 tab - 3 times a day for 10 days (this is an anti-inflammatory drug)
You can try to do a cuckoo. This procedure helps only if there is an outflow, an outlet of mucus, pus.
Laura's consultation (you may need to do a sinus puncture by the doctor looking at the picture).
If you do not make a puncture, and he really needs it, pus can be organized and there can be polyps, etc.
People's opinion It is worth piercing... and went went obsalyutno not true, so reason people who are far from lor diseases, and unfortunately some doctors.
Just the nose is a weak spot and the next time it is as soon as you have a cold first you need to drip drops in your nose.
Sometimes, if you do not make a puncture at the time, you can be treated for a long time and without any result, and the treatment costs 2-3 times more expensive for money.
Doing a puncture or not on the iris remains a trace, and on it you can determine what the person was sick and when.
The cause of sinusitis can be a severe cold or a bad upper jaw (odontogenic cause)
With sinus sinus can not be warmed
Be sure to contact your ENT doctor
Marina Kravchenko
I agree that the treatment should be started as quickly as possible. In the early stages, it is possible to avoid a puncture. I was treated with Cinnabsin and my sinusitis passed. For more than a year, this sore does not bother me.
How does a genyantritis in a picture
Sinusitis can be diagnosed in many ways. One of the most reliable is the diagnosis of an X-ray. In the picture, the inflamed maxillary sinus looks like a vessel partially filled with a turbid liquid.
Sinusitis is a chronic disease that is an inflammation of the mucous membrane in the maxillary sinuses. Usually the causes of maxillary sinusitis are complications after the transferred infectious diseases or chronic rhinitis.Maxillary sinusitis on X-ray
On the X-ray, which is done for the diagnosis of sinusitis, you can see the frontal bones of the skull, eye sockets, nasal passages. Under the eye sockets are the maxillary sinuses. If you look at a picture of the maxillary sinuses of a patient with sinusitis, you can see a distinct cloudiness in the region of the maxillary sinus. This turbidity indicates that there is liquid in it. In the normal state, the maxillary sinus is filled not with liquid, but with air. In a healthy person, the color of the maxillary sinuses in the image is the same as that of the eye sockets. If the color of the sinuses is more reminiscent of the color of the bone, that is, it is not dark, but whitish-matte - hence, there is liquid in them. Usually the sinus is filled with a liquid not by 100%. This effect is called the effect of "milk in a glass" - the sinus looks like a vessel that is not completely filled with whitish liquid.
Another sign of sinusitis - on the x-ray of the maxillary sinus clearly shows its marginal darkening. It has sharp contours and the same width all over the sinus. The reason for the dimming is mucosal edema.
The maxillary sinuses from the inside are lined with a thin layer of mildly innervated mucosa. A small number of nerves affects the weak carrying out of painful impulses, as a result of which inflammation of the maxillary sinus can proceed for a long time without any symptoms.
Diagnostic Problems
While the sinus is filled with fluid incompletely - sinusitis can be diagnosed by the picture. When the fluid fills the sinus one hundred percent, the x-ray of the sinuses will have a solid blackout and the sinusitis will be difficult to diagnose.
In cases where the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus has a significant thickness, sinusitis can be diagnosed according to the following feature: on the x-ray at an inclined position of the head in the chin-nasal projection, the lumen of the maxillary sinus has a strong darkening.
It is not necessary to be engaged in diagnostics and treatment of a genyantritis independently. It is better to consult an otolaryngologist and carry out the necessary diagnostic procedures (for example, diaphanoscopy).
KakProsto.ru
X-ray of the sinuses of the nose
X-ray of the paranasal sinuses is a diagnostic study that is used in otolaryngology.
Indications for the purpose of this study are:
- trauma to the bones of the nose and the facial part of the skull (closed, open);
- bleeding from the nose of an unknown origin;
- suspicion of sinusitis (in the presence of symptoms such as headache, shortness of nasal breathing, runny nose, fever);
- suspected polypoid formations, cysts or tumors in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses;
- suspicion of foreign objects in the nasal cavity;
- evaluation of the dynamics of the therapeutic process;
- Preparation for surgical procedures in the nose or paranasal sinuses.
The x-ray of the paranasal sinuses is a reliable method, providing the necessary information about the pathologies of the nose and paranasal cavities (congenital or acquired), as well as the curvature of the nasal septum.
X-ray of the sinuses in sinus
The x-ray of the nose and paranasal sinuses is most often recommended for sinusitis, an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the maxillary paranasal sinuses. With this disease it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis only on the basis of complaints, anamnesis, external examination.
On an x-ray photograph of the sinuses of the nose, a specialist can see the filling of the sinuses with pus (often clearly the level of pathological exudate is visualized), and this attribute is the basis for confirmation sinusitis. Purulent fluid in the paranasal sinuses looks like a darkening in the right or left part or on both sides - depending on the localization of the pathology. Also, if there are blackouts on the edges, you can talk about the parietal thickening of the mucous membrane of the sinuses.
How do x-rays of the sinuses of the nose?
To make an x-ray of the paranasal sinuses, no special preparation is required. This diagnostic procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and takes no more than two minutes. The only thing that is worth remembering to the patient is that before the procedure it is necessary to remove all the things from the metal.
As a rule, radiography is performed in two projections - occipital-chin and occipital-frontal. The patient is in the standing position. In some cases, other types of projection can be used, and also a targeted survey of a certain paranasal sinus can be performed. The picture is taken when breathing is delayed. After that, the resulting image is sent for decryption.
On the X-ray, the maxillary, frontal paranasal sinuses, and also the trellis labyrinth are perfectly visualized. The radiologist when decoding the image assesses the condition of bone tissue, the state of the nasal cavity of the nose and surrounding tissues.
In the case when the x-ray image of the nasal sinus is completely darkened, an appointment additional research - computer or magnetic resonance imaging, which give voluminous Images. This is due to the fact that this characteristic can not be assessed unequivocally: it can speak
as a sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinus), and the swelling of the tissues. Also as a method of additional research, contrast radiography can be used.Contraindications to the x-ray of the sinuses of the nose
Radiography of the nasal sinuses is a fairly safe procedure, and the dose of radiation the patient receives is minimal. However, it is not recommended to conduct this study during pregnancy. Only in exceptional cases can the physician insist on carrying an X-ray to pregnant women, when the possible risk of the disease exceeds the damage to the fetus during the procedure.
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