Orvi 2016 symptoms

Flu 2016: How to avoid infection?

Autumn is already on the doorstep, and this means that seasonal diseases make themselves felt. We will study the characteristics of influenza this year, the methods of treatment and prevention, as well as the main symptoms of the disease.

Information that the virus mutates for more than a year at all on hearing. The best specialists of WHO are engaged in the study of its species, analyze and predict which strain will make itself felt in the autumn-winter period and will be a real test for human health.

Every year, people with low immunity suffer from seasonal infectious and viral diseases. The main danger of the disease is that the virus is prone to frequent mutations. Every 10-20 years, the epidemiological situation changes drastically and is complicated by a complete mutation of the strain. But this does not mean that the symptomatology of the disorder is drastically changing. As a rule, more dangerous symptoms are added to the "classic" signs.

For 2015-2016 epidemiologists expect influenza outbreaks for November-January. And this means that the planned vaccination will be carried out in September-October. But for this season experts predict a stable situation even in the first months of cold weather. Therefore, there is an excellent chance to prepare for a meeting with the infection and to neutralize it.

Flu season 2016 is a hidden danger

For the coming season, doctors do not foreshadow catastrophic outbreaks of influenza. But this does not mean that you do not need to prevent the disease. Since the virus is rightfully considered the most dangerous among known virus lesions. The greatest danger is for people with chronic diseases of the respiratory system and a weakened immune system. The risk group includes elderly people, pregnant women and children.

In 2016, analysts predict an insignificant activity of earlier known strains:

• A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09 is a subtype of swine flu, which became known in 2009. It is this virus that caused the epidemic all over the world. The greatest danger is the complications that very often lead to death. Infection can cause sinusitis, pneumonia and even inflammation of the meninges.
• A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 (H3N2) is a subtype of strain A. Its danger in complications, which pathologically affect the cardiovascular system.
• B / Phuket / 3073/2013 (B / Yamagata) and B / Brisbane / 60/2008 - a subtype of strain B, refers to poorly studied viruses. The disease is difficult to diagnose because of the lubricated symptoms. But doctors do not consider it dangerous, since it does not cause life-threatening complications.

Solving the problem of influenza is significantly complicated by the fact that the symptoms that appear at its early stage can be observed in other diseases. Under the mask of influenza infection can be: tonsillitis, food poisoning, typhoid fever, rheumatism, dysentery, tuberculosis and other disorders. There are known influenza-like respiratory tract infections that occur as influenza, but are caused by very different viruses.

To date, there are eight families of such viruses, including the common cold viruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza and 1RS viruses. Diseases caused by such an infection resemble a real flu. To determine the true pathogen that caused the outbreak, an antibody test is performed.

Flu 2015-2016: special risk groups

Any disease has certain risk groups among people who are predisposed to infection. Since influenza infection is a respiratory disease caused by viruses, its main danger is a high level of infectiousness, severe course and weight of complications. With improper treatment or lack of it, the ailment can be fatal.

Consider who is at risk for the incidence of influenza infection:

• Newborn children

Children have no immunity, which significantly increases the risk of infection. The situation is complicated by the fact that up to six months, routine vaccination is not carried out. To prevent illness, it is recommended to follow preventive measures. So, if the child is breastfed, the mother should be vaccinated. This will allow the baby to get antibodies through the milk. All who contact the child should also be vaccinated. If someone from family members have symptoms of infection, then any contact with the newborn is contraindicated.

• Pregnant

Immunity is weakened by hormonal changes caused by the development of the fetus. The flu of 2016 in a pregnant woman is dangerous for both the woman herself and her child. The most serious consequence of an ailment is premature birth. If a woman carries the disease on her legs, this can lead to the development of various defects in the fetus, even miscarriage is possible. Prevent these processes can be timely vaccination and preventive measures.

• Elderly people

The risk of infection is caused by a number of factors, primarily - a large number of chronic diseases and a natural decrease in immunity. Misconduct has a disastrous effect on vaccination.

In addition to the above categories, at-risk groups include people with chronic diseases and disabilities, patients with impaired neurological development, asthmatics, patients with chronic lung, kidney and liver lesions, as well as people with developmental delays and mental disorders.

World Flu 2016 - already on the threshold

Mixovirus influenzae that is the influenza virus, is a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae and has three forms: A, B, C. Types A and B are found in humans. Virus A is the main source of influenza epidemic, and type B provokes milder forms of the disease. Infection is determined by antigenic properties, that is, for the differentiation of A and B types, a solution of antigens of matrix proteins and antigens of non-cloproteins is used.

Consider the main clinical signs of viruses and their stages (found all over the world):

Virus	Symptoms	The form gravity	Assessment of severity	Flow features
A AT FROM	Intoxication of the body, headaches, chills, convulsive syndrome, catarrhal phenomena.	Lightweight	The temperature is subfebrile, with little indication of intoxication.	Without complications, a mild course.
Pathological changes from the bronchopulmonary system (hemorrhagic edema, bronchitis, segmental edema).	Medium Heavy	Body temperature 3, -3, ° C, symptoms of intoxication (head and muscle pains, adynamia, dizziness) are expressed. In rare cases, abdominal syndrome and segmental puffiness are possible.	Possible complications associated with the virus (neuritis, encephalitis and others).
Heavy	The body temperature reaches critical values ​​of 40-4 ° C. Possible loss of consciousness, nonsense, convulsions, hallucinations, nausea and vomiting.	It is characterized by bacterial complications (otitis media, purulent necrotic laryngo-tracheobranchitis, pneumonia, bronchitis)
Immunofluorescence and immunoenzyme assays have positive results	Hyper-toxic	Hyperthermal Syndrome; meningo-encephalitic syndrome; hemorrhagic syndrome

World statistics indicate that annually about 15% of humanity suffers from influenza. It is this affliction that causes irreversible damage to the structures of the brain and the cardiovascular system. The European Center for Disease Control and Prevention predicts a low activity of the infection for the coming year. But isolated cases of infection are possible, which can be prevented by a timely vaccine.

The flu epidemic 2016

The beginning of the flu epidemic is forecast for January-February 2016. There is still enough time to think about the options for prevention or get vaccinated. A sharp jump in the incidence rate is possible in November-December this year. The danger of the ailment is that only limited means are required to eliminate it.

Annually more than 200 thousand people die from the disease and its complications. Since infection occurs by airborne droplets, the flu takes the form of epidemics, that is, sudden outbreaks that quickly and suddenly spread. In especially acute periods, up to 50-70% of the total population can be infected.

To prevent the catastrophic extent of the disease, it is recommended to carry out prophylaxis. To date, vaccination is considered the most effective. This method not only reduces the mortality rate and maintains health, but also has a significant economic effect. This is due to the fact that the economic damage from the virus of one person is more than $ 100, and the cost of vaccination is 6-8 times lower than the losses from the disease.

For the 2015-2016 season, the composition of influenza vaccines has been updated, according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization. In the vaccine, two strains have been replaced, and now it protects against the three most commonly encountered and serious virus complications.

The strains of influenza vaccines:

• A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09
• A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 (H3N2) -like virus
• B / Phuket / 3073/2013-like virus

Compulsory vaccinations are free of charge: children from 6 months, schoolchildren, students, medical, educational, transport and communal workers. And also pregnant women, patients older than 60 years, persons subject to conscription for military service and people with chronic diseases. The procedure is allowed to be carried out simultaneously with other vaccinations, except for vaccination against tuberculosis.

Flu 2016 in Russia

According to the forecasts of the Federal Health Service, an increase in the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections will begin in January 2016. February will be unsuccessful, since an epidemic of moderate intensity is assumed. According to preliminary estimates by WHO in 2016, the following strains will prevail in Russia: AH1N1, AH3N2 and influenza B. These strains became the basis of the vaccine "Grippol plus which is about to vaccinate the Russians.

In all districts, the level of morbidity is monitored to prevent an epidemic. Influenza is dangerous because of complications, the most unfavorable of which is pneumonia. To date, it is this complication that holds the leading position among infectious diseases. Particular attention is paid to informing the population at the regional level.

Quarantine-restrictive measures have been developed in medical institutions. For the period of the epidemic, additional beds were procured and drugs were purchased, which would allow patients to be hospitalized in the infectious departments in a timely manner and begin therapy.

Flu 2016 in Ukraine

The World Health Organization has published a forecast of the circulation of strains of the influenza virus in this epidemic season for the northern hemisphere, which is likely to affect Ukraine. According to the data received, the composition of the viruses has been updated, so people with a weakened immune system need to be vaccinated.

For 2015-2016, it is recommended to use vaccines against such strains as:

• A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09
• A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 # 01
• In / Phuket / 3073/2013

In the past epidemic season, about, cases of influenza infection. At the same time, about 13% of the total population of the ARVI got sick, 49% of them - children under 16 years old. The Ukrainian Center for Disease Control and Monitoring regularly analyzes the immune stratum of the population. Fresh information indicates insufficient immunological protection of Ukrainians, which threatens the epidemic state and dangerous complications of influenza.

Symptoms of influenza 2016: warned - means armed

Clinical signs of influenza and SARS have much in common because of the defeat of the respiratory tract and general toxic symptoms. Influenza is an acute, infectious disease with mild catarrhal symptoms and severe toxicosis. The largest lesion occurs in the trachea and large bronchi. Symptomatics varies and depends on the immune status of the patient's body and age, as well as on the type of virus and its strain.

In 2015-2016, there can be both uncomplicated and complicated forms of the disease. The incubation period can last from a few hours to 1-5 days. After this, acute clinical manifestations begin. The severity of any form depends on the severity and duration of intoxication and catarrhal symptoms.

Intoxication

The main sign that manifests itself in the first hours of infection. The disease begins with a sharp rise in temperature, from subfebrile to hyperthermia. If the disease has an easy form, then the temperature is not high. Severity of intoxication shows the level of fever. When infected with type A (H1N1) virus, the symptoms of intoxication are poorly expressed even at very high body temperature.

• Temperature - acute and short. The period of fever lasts 2-6 days, after which the temperature decreases. If it persists for a long period of time, then this indicates complications.
• Headache - unpleasant sensations arise in the frontal and supraorbital areas, intensify when the eyeball moves. The severity of the pain may be different, but, as a rule, it is moderate. Pronounced pains are accompanied by sleep disorders, vomiting and unfavorable symptoms from the CNS.
• General weakness - this symptom also refers to the syndrome of intoxication. There is fatigue, increased sweating, a sense of weakness. The patient complains of muscle and joint pains, aches in the whole body, and especially in the lumbosacral region.
• Appearance - the patient's face looks red, conjunctivitis, photophobia and lacrimation possible.

Catarrhal syndrome

Another leading sign of influenza infection. But, as a rule, he recedes into the background, and in some cases is absent. The duration of catarrhal syndrome is 7-10 days, but cough may last longer.

• The oropharynx - the reddening of the soft palate with a distinction from the hard palate is observed. By the 3rd day of the disease, redness changes to a vascular network. If the ailment has a severe course, then in the soft palate there are small hemorrhages and cyanosis. The mucous membrane is restored on the 7-8th day of treatment.
• Nasopharynx - the nasal mucosa is hyperemic, dry, edematous. Nasal conchae are swollen, which significantly hinders breathing. These symptoms occur on day 2-3 of the disease and are accompanied by discharge from the nose. In the case of toxic damage to the vascular walls and intense sneezing, there may be nasal bleeding.
• Cough, tracheobronchitis, laryngitis - there are painful sensations behind the sternum, dry cough. If the flu is uncomplicated, then cough persists for 5-6 days. In addition, there is rapid breathing, pain in the throat, hoarse voices, wheezing.

• Cardiovascular system - changes due to toxic damage to the heart muscle. When the temperature rises, palpitations occur, accompanied by blanching of the skin. After this, there is sluggishness, slowing of the pulse and redness of the skin.
• Digestive system - changes are not expressed in character. There is a decrease in appetite, constipation, impaired intestinal motility. On the tongue appears a white coating, possibly an intestinal disorder.
• The urinary system - as the viruses are eliminated from the body through the kidneys, it leads to damage to the kidney tissue. In the analysis of urine appears protein and blood elements.
• CNS - toxic reactions from the nervous system entail severe headaches, drowsiness, anxiety, convulsions and loss of consciousness. In rare cases, there are meningic symptoms.

If the flu is extremely severe, complications can lead to cerebral edema and other pathologies. Lightning-fast form of influenza lesion represents a serious danger of death. Patients with chronic diseases and a weakened immune system are at risk. This form causes pulmonary and cerebral edema, various bleeding, severe respiratory failure and other complications.

Features of the flu 2016

Despite the fact that the season of acute infectious diseases has just begun, medical statistics are horrifying. Features of the flu of 2016 is that in the first week of the new year the disease was affected by about 125 thousand people. But the worst thing is an increase in the number of deaths.

The disease causes the influenza virus AN1N1, which first made itself felt in 2009. The average incidence of swine flu is 570 patients per 1, 00 population. In Ukraine, the highest rate of pathology is recorded in the Kiev and Odessa regions, the least affected in the Transcarpathian and Ternopil regions. On the territory of Russia, this strain also rages.

Because the infection is constantly mutating, this greatly complicates the process of diagnosis and treatment. In connection with the epidemiological situation, an intensified antiepidemic regime is being introduced in many cities. Schools and kindergartens are closed for quarantine, infectious hospitals are overcrowded, a masked regime is introduced. All forces are thrown on informing the population about a dangerous disease and the peculiarities of its prevention.

Who to contact?

Infectionist

What is the difference between a cold and flu?

Many people believe that the flu is a synonym for the common cold. Only the temperature rose, there was a runny nose and cough, the patients immediately diagnosed themselves as a flu. Of course, this approach is completely wrong. It is very important to understand the difference between these diseases. Colds are mild diseases with sparing symptoms. Influenza and its complications can cause pneumonia and death.

Influenza infection is a viral disease that is accompanied by high fever, muscle and joint pain, weakness. The common cold is a broader concept consisting of a complex of symptoms that are caused by both bacteria and viruses. That is, to treat the flu, you need a special medicine, and for a cold you need to establish the type of the disease and only then prescribe a therapy.

• The cold develops slowly, usually with malaise, and the flu - with a sharp temperature jump and increased weakness.
• Colds can be both viral and bacterial etiology, influenza is an acute viral lesion.
• For the diagnosis of influenza, bacteriological tests are used, and laboratory tests are used to confirm the cold.
• As a rule, the cold has a favorable outcome, and the flu, especially severe and neglected forms, leads to complications and even death.

Influenza, acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory infections are colds that have a common symptom but differ in the nature of their course and duration.

Symptomatology	Flu	Other SARS
Time from infection to the first signs	1-2 hours to 2-5 days	2-7 days
Onset of disease	Fast, there is a headache, chills, weakness.	Gradually, there is a runny nose, cough, mild weakness.
Temperature	& g;, C
Painful symptoms	General malaise and fever, pain in the muscles.	The defeat of the upper respiratory tract (cough, wheezing).
Complications	Often	Rarely

As a rule, the incidence of colds increases from the end of August and lasts until the spring period. The flu is characterized by epidemiological outbreaks in December and February.

How to treat the flu 2016?

At the first symptoms of a malaise it is very important to react correctly and prevent the development of infection. Treatment of influenza is a complex of procedures that allow to destroy the virus and restore normal functioning of the organism with minimal complications.

Consider the algorithm that should be followed for influenza infection:

• Bed rest

Disease can not be carried on legs, therefore during this period it is necessary to observe bed rest and to sleep more. But do not forget that an ailment is not an excuse to spend time watching TV or at a computer.

• Drinking regime

During illness, there is increased sweating, which can lead to dehydration of the body. Therefore, to maintain the water-salt balance, you need to consume a sufficient amount of liquid (herbal teas, juices, fruit drinks, pure water).

• The climate in the apartment

It is necessary to regularly carry out wet cleaning in the room, since a moist climate helps to tolerate the disease more easily. Ventilation of the premises will allow the accumulation of accumulated microbes and viruses. In addition, fresh air promotes recovery and improves well-being. You can use a variety of aroma lamps with aromatic oils or salt lamps that kill germs.

• Food

Despite the fact that in the early days of the disease the appetite is significantly reduced, proper nutrition will enrich the body and weakened immune system with vitamins and beneficial substances. Food should be easy, the diet should predominate porridge, soups, boiled meat, fruits and vegetables.

• Vitamins

Help to maintain the body in a tone and quickly eliminate the symptoms of the disease. Vitamin complexes - Vitrum and Supradin - have a good immunomodulating effect.

In addition to the above methods of treatment, there is also drug therapy. Acceptance of medications should be informed and recommended by the attending physician. Independently take pills is contraindicated. To date, there is no shortage of medicines that eliminate viral and colds. Consider their classification by general criteria.

Drugs for symptomatic therapy

Drugs of this category eliminate only the symptoms of the disease: heat, muscle and headaches, nasal congestion, cough. Such pills do not affect the virus, so they should be used as a secondary agent.

• Analgesics and antipyretic drugs - have analgesic effect, relieve muscle and joint pain.
• Vasoconstrictors - help to eliminate nasal congestion, swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and nasal sinuses.
• Antihistamines - reduce swelling of mucous membranes, eliminate inflammation, lacrimation and itching. Most often, patients are prescribed: Chlorphenamine, Promethazine.

The above-described drugs do not eliminate the viral infection, but soften its symptoms. Duration of therapy is 3-5 days.

Drugs affecting the immune system and the virus

These drugs are prescribed only after determining the cause of the disease and the type of virus. Antiviral and immunomodulating drugs destroy the virus and prevent the possibility of development of the pathogen. Preparations of this category are classified according to the mechanism of action:

• Inhibitors of neuraminidase - stop the spread of infection in the body, reduce the risk of complications. Most often, patients are prescribed: Oseltamivir and Zanamivir.
• Inductors interferon - perfectly combined with other antiviral agents and enhance their effect. Promote the production of proteins in the body that suppress the infection. Effective as a preventive tool during influenza epidemics. This category includes: Cycloferon, Arbidol, Amiksin.
• The blockers of the viral protein M2 are antiviral agents of the type A. Appointed very rarely, as they have many side effects: Rimantadine, Amantadine
• In addition to the above described funds, antiviral preparations are isolated, we consider them:
• Homeopathic medicines - Aflubin, Anaferon, Arbidol, Antigrippin.
• Immunostimulating agents - Koldenflu, Imudon, Kagocel, Amiksin.
• Antitussive - Ats, Lazolvan, Kodelak, Libeksin, Sinekod.
• To relieve the inflammation of the throat and the common cold - Pharinggocept, Strepsils, Nazivin, Naftizin, Sinupret.
• Antiviral powders - Koldakt, Lemsip, Nurofen, Panadol, Tamaflu, Kodelmikst.

Any drugs aimed at treating a viral disease should be prescribed by the attending physician. Their independent use can cause serious side effects from all organs and systems, which will aggravate the course of the underlying disease.

Read also:

• The most modern means of influenza
• Treatment of influenza by folk methods
• Home remedies for flu: which ones to choose?

Complications of the 2016 flu

AH1N1 or swine flu hit the world in 2009, taking with it a lot of human lives. This year, a mutated strain appeared, which also caused deaths. Its danger in rapid spread, especially in rainy and wet weather. Since this winter lives on the weather of autumn, it is this that can explain the prevailing epidemiological situation.

Danger of the virus in its complications. Flu 2016 causes non-susceptible antibiotic viral pneumonia. The disease quickly affects the lungs and vascular system, provoking puffiness, which can lead to death within 24 hours. The preconditions for secondary infection are associated with a weakened immune system. Because of the severe inflammatory process, she can not fight new pathologies.

Signs of secondary infection in cases of flu have differed depending on the general condition of the body and the bacteria that caused the pathology. But characteristic for all the symptom (appears on the 3-6th day of the disease) is the second wave of fever. It is from this point on the life of the patient depends on the effectiveness of treatment.

Consider the most common complications of influenza 2016:

• Pneumonia - the danger of pneumonia is that it appears suddenly when it seems that the disease has receded. High body temperature 39-40 ° C is accompanied by chills, pain in the chest, cough with phlegm and blood.
• Sinusitis - a prolonged inflammatory process in the nasopharynx causes severe headaches, changes in the voice. Perhaps the redness of the skin and the release of pus from the sinuses.
• Otitis - this complication occurs in both children and adults. There are severe pains in the ears with sharp lumbago, which intensify during conversation, food intake or pressure in the ear.

With timely medical care, these bacterial complications can be quickly eliminated. For treatment use a wide range of antibiotics and vitamin therapy.

More dangerous complications:

• Hypertensive pneumonia - many specialists attribute this pathology to influenza varieties, but in fact it is its consequence. Body temperature exceeds the threshold of 40 ° C, it is accompanied by neurotoxicosis, convulsions, hallucinations, nosebleeds. It is this pathology that is the main cause of deaths from influenza.
• Reye syndrome - as a rule, occurs in patients under 12 years of age. It arises because of the use during therapy of aspirin, which destroys the functioning of the liver and the central nervous system. In half the case this leads to death. The first symptoms appear on the 5th-6th day of the disease. In children, convulsions, respiratory disorders, increased drowsiness, apathy, coma begin. The only prevention of this pathology is the rejection of aspirin during the treatment of viral infections.
• Guillain-Barre syndrome is another complication that occurs most often in children. It makes itself felt 1-2 weeks after the flu. The child suffers from muscle pain, increased weakness, heart rate abnormalities and blood pressure, impaired kidney function. The main cause of the disorder is that the body produces antibodies to its cells in the nervous system that have been infected with the virus. The acute period lasts for a month, and for a full recovery it will take years. Without timely medical assistance, the child is paralyzed, and even death.

Another group of influenza complications are brain and CNS lesions. The risk group includes children, people with predisposition to brain disorders, pregnant women and elderly patients.

• Meningitis - there are severe headaches in combination with vomiting and increased tone of the neck and neck muscles. In especially severe cases, the patient throws back his head. The prognosis of the pathology depends on the results of the diagnosis, but, as a rule, unfavorable.
• Encephalitis - influenza infection affects the cerebral cortex and cerebral vessels. It develops at the acute stage of the flu, that is, in the early days. Against this background, there is a high fever, convulsions, loss of consciousness and even violations of speech function. May lead to paralysis or paresis.
• Arachnoiditis - this complication has a hidden nature, since it may appear in a couple of months, or even a year after the flu-like defeat. For its slow course, there is a growing symptomatology. Patients complain of frequent headaches, nausea, tinnitus, increased fatigue. There are epileptic seizures, reduced visual acuity and hearing. Most often, arachnoiditis is detected in differential diagnostics with oncology.

The pathologies described above are only a small part of what the flu can lead to. The reason for concern should be an unexpectedly emerging, uncharacteristic for the viral infection symptomatology. At the first signs of a pathological condition, you need to seek medical help. After a comprehensive examination, the doctor will determine the reality of the threat of complications.

How to prevent the flu this season 2015-2016?

Many preventive measures are used to prevent influenza. But special attention is paid to vaccination, which is a specific immunoprophylaxis.

To date, there are three generations of vaccines - whole-virion, split, subunit. They have in their composition viral antigens, which allows the body to develop protection. But this method has a number of drawbacks. The vaccination is done from one virus, so if another species appears during the epidemic, the vaccine will not protect and will have to be vaccinated again. Do not forget about those cases when vaccination caused a number of negative consequences. Therefore, this method is a personal choice for everyone.

Read also: Vaccination against influenza

Common methods of preventing infection:

• Strengthening the immune system - for preventive purposes it is recommended to take immunostimulating drugs and carry out tempering of the body.
• Vitamin therapy - to strengthen the protective properties of the immune system, natural vitamins are excellent, which are found in fresh vegetables, fruits and greens.
• Hygiene - after visiting the street, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and clean your nose with a solution of sea salt.
• Avoid places of congestion - during the epidemic, refuse to visit public places and transport. To prevent infection, wear a cotton-gauze dressing.
• Healthy indoor climate - regularly wet cleaning and airing. If you have a humidifier, an aroma lamp or a salt lamp, then use them, they kill germs in the room and refresh the air.

Flu 2016 is a seasonal ailment, to the appearance of which it is possible to prepare. Conducting elementary preventive measures, will protect against acute viral infection.

Mortality in influenza in 2016

According to official data, about 30 people died of influenza infection in Ukraine this year. Mortality in influenza in 2016 is many times higher than this figure for the past period. Since the beginning of the epidemic season, that is, from October 1, 2015 to today, about, cases of influenza and ARVI. About 4% of all patients were hospitalized, the majority of whom were children under 17 years of age - 75%.

The seriousness of the situation is aggravated by a sharp increase in mortality. This season prevails swine flu (Californian strain). 80% of deaths are associated with late seeking medical help (5-6 days). This indicates that many people do not perform basic preventive recommendations.

To date, it is difficult to predict the extent and lethality of the influenza epidemic. Therefore, at the first sign of the disease, you need to seek medical help. In order to prevent pathology and its complications, it is very important to carry out prevention:

1. Always wash your hands - in most cases, infection occurs by contact. Malicious microorganisms can live on the surface of infected objects for several hours, or even weeks. Disinfect hands after visiting public transport and other places of congestion.
2. Limit the use of alcohol and nicotine - it is the smokers and alcoholics who are most often ill with the flu and have its complications. Tobacco smoke dries the nasal passages and paralyzes the ciliated epithelium, which begins to pass the infection into the body. Passive smoking also poses a danger, as it reduces the status of the immune system.
3. Drink plenty of fluids, do exercises and breathe fresh air. Regular airing of the room and walks in the fresh air temper the body. Physical loads accelerate the oxygen exchange between the circulatory system and the lungs, which contributes to the elimination of toxins.

Do not forget that the flu is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases to date. And even if the disease is not severe, it can cause serious consequences.

ilive.com.ua

Flu 2016 - symptoms, treatment

Annually, viral agents of acute respiratory infections are mutated, and as a result, epidemiological indicators inevitably increase. In the current period, a record number of cases fell on influenza 2016 - symptoms and treatment of this pathologies are complicated by the appearance of new antigenic strains resistant to preventive measures and vaccination. These include subtypes of the virus group A (H1N1, H2N2) and B.

Prevention and treatment of early symptoms of influenza 2016

According to the conclusion of the World Health Organization, the only true measure of prevention is vaccination. This year, the vaccines include 3 prevalent strains of influenza:

• A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 (H3N2);
• A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09 is the main virus;
• B / Phuket / 3073/2013.

Despite the proven efficacy of existing vaccines, they work only in 80% of cases, so therapists advise using additional antiviral drugs.

For the treatment of the first symptoms of influenza 2016, it is recommended to use the following tools in the incubation period:

• Tamiflu;
• Relenza;
• Tyloron;
• Cycloferon;
• Kagocel;
• Arbidol;
• Ergoferon;
• Ingavirin;
• Anaferon.

It is worth noting that Relenza and Tamiflu are effective only in the first 48 hours with the appearance of early signs of the disease. If therapy begins later, it is advisable to use the remaining drugs from the list.

The main symptoms and treatment of influenza during the 2016 epidemic

With a normally functioning immune system, the clinical manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections are poorly expressed and do not even require special therapy.

In those cases when there is a severe variant of the course of influenza, the following characteristic signs appear:

• a sharp rise in body temperature above 3, degrees;
• severe weakness and drowsiness;
• reduced working capacity;
• dizziness;
• profuse sweating;
• photophobia;
• the occurrence of cough and cold only after 2-3 days from the debut of the disease;
• painful sensations behind the sternum, in the trachea;
• aches in large joints and muscles;
• nausea;
• redness of the eyes, lacrimation;
• headache;
• feeling of heaviness in the region of the superciliary arches;
• difficulty breathing on inspiration;
• dyspnea.

Rarely, such manifestations of intoxication as vomiting and indigestion are associated.

For all types of influenza, a single treatment algorithm has long been developed:

• bed rest;
• daily airing of the room;
• frequent wet cleaning;
• abundant drinking;
• diet with the predominance of light soups, boiled meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits;
• reception of vitamins (Supradin, Vitrum).

The drug approach is to alleviate the main signs of the disease.

To treat the symptoms of influenza 2016, anti-inflammatory drugs are used - Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and their analogues. They can reduce the severity of pain syndromes, aches in joints, reduce body temperature.

If there are additional signs (cough, swelling of the mucous membranes, runny nose), appropriate medications are prescribed:

• mucolytics;
• antihistamines;
• vasoconstrictor.

It is important to remember that therapy of progressive symptoms is carried out only under the supervision of a doctor, since ARVI often causes complications in the form of pneumonia, otitis and sinusitis.

Treatment of flu symptoms in 2016 folk remedies

Unconventional medicine refers to symptomatic therapy, trying to use it to cure severe forms of influenza is very dangerous.

Simple and effective folk methods of alleviating the signs of ARVI:

1. Every day, eat a clove of garlic or a little onions, deeply inhale their scent.
2. In drinking water, add fresh lemon juice (1 tbsp. spoon for 1 liter).
3. Use warm compotes or water-diluted jam.
4. Instead of tea, take herbal decoctions based on the flowers of chamomile, raspberry and currant leaves, hips.
5. Make hot 10-minute hand baths.

WomanAdvice.ru

Signs of ARVI

With the onset of cold weather, almost everyone faces colds. Annually experts make disappointing forecasts about the coming wave of influenza and acute respiratory infections. The epidemic lasts for almost two months, during which very many people manage to get sick. Symptoms of SARS and influenza are similar to those of other diseases, so it is not always possible to detect the presence of the disease on time. In the presented review you will get acquainted with the ways of virus definition, ways of infection and stages of development of infection in the human body.

What are the symptoms and signs of ARVI?

It is important to note that the signs of ARVI in adults and children are the same, there are no differences between them, However, the severity of symptoms may vary, depending on the functioning of the immune system rights. Respiratory infections are diagnosed on the basis of the general condition of the body. The doctor learns from the patient about all the symptoms of ARVI, conducts an examination, on the basis of this, he makes a conclusion about the presence or absence of the disease. When the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment is started immediately. Read about this in the book O. E. Komarovsky about this disease.

The incubation period

It is important to determine the presence of microbes in the human body, which later cause the disease in advance. There is a difference between a common cold and symptoms of ARVI, for example, the time of active development of the infection. Respiratory diseases in the first stage proceed without any particular signs, during this period the infection develops, and the microbes actively multiply. This time is called the incubation period of acute respiratory viral infection in children or adults.

It begins on the day when a healthy person has been in contact with the patient and infection has occurred, however, no manifestations of infection have been observed. The incubation period ends when the first symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection appear. Each organism in different ways is capable of restraining the development of the disease, so the period after infection to the first signs is different. On average, it can take from a few hours to two weeks. The disease also occurs in all different ways, it will depend on the methods of treatment, the effectiveness of the selected drugs, the lifestyle of the patient.

First signs

Viral infection in a child and an adult begins with a high body temperature. Against a background of general malaise, one can note a sharp increase in its indices to 38-39 ° C. Elevated temperatures persist for several days, sometimes decreasing in the morning, then increasing in the evening. In addition, if there is an acute respiratory infection in the body, pain and pain in the eyes, trembling, body aches, weakness can appear.

The first signs of SARS:

• a sharp deterioration in overall health;
• chills;
• shiver;
• coryza;
• sore throat;
• cough;
• increased sweating;
• drowsiness;
• lack of appetite.

How much is the temperature in ARVI?

A rise in body temperature with respiratory infections is a sign that the body is struggling with the disease. Leukocytes in the human blood actively destroy the alien virus. It is useful for patients to know what time the elevated body temperature should keep, so as not to worry once again and to protect themselves from the use of excess medications: in the norm it lasts from two to five days. During this time, the right amount of antibodies that fight the disease is produced. If the temperature worries the patient for more than 5 days, then the infection has a complex shape.

How does an acute respiratory viral infection occur without a temperature?

Sometimes the symptoms of ARI appear without a rise in body temperature. This kind of disease is dangerous, because the infected continue to go to school or work, actively spreading pathogens ARVI among healthy people. There are several reasons for this method of the disease course:

1. First of all, it should be noted that this is the manifestation of the mild form of the disease (rotavirus infection).
2. In some cases, this indicates an inability of the body to fight the virus (weakened immunity).

Features of acute respiratory viral infections

Viral diseases occur when the epithelium of the respiratory tract is affected. In addition to typical symptoms, the disease can be accompanied by lacrimation, signs of poisoning the body. This is a dangerous problem, especially because of the complications that develop with untimely or incorrect treatment. They include bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis. Diagnose ARVI with the help of serological and virological tests. By severity of the flow, a mild, moderate and severe form of the disease is isolated.

Distinguish the following respiratory infections, each of which has its own peculiarities:

• rotavirus;
• flu;
• paragripp;
• rhinovirus;
• adenoviral;
• respiratory syncytial;
• coronavirus.

In adults

The main signs of SARS in children and adults are not very different, but sometimes the sick continue to go to work (in kindergarten, school), counting on the fact that the ailment itself will pass. Do not ignore the infection if there is a temperature of 40, especially if the antipyretic drugs do not have the proper effect. In addition, in adults with the disease, there may be a clouding of the mind, lack of oxygen, swelling, a rash on the body. With timely access to a doctor, the treatment takes about a week and there is the opportunity to avoid repeated infection or serious complications.

Any viral disease can at any time go to a more serious one, for example:

• bronchitis;
• frontitis;
• sinusitis;
• otitis media;
• meningitis;
• sinusitis;
• heart rhythm disorder;
• neuritis.

Children

According to statistics, the children's organism in comparison with the adult is more susceptible to viral diseases (especially from three to twelve years). Often there is an acute respiratory viral infection in children under one year, for example, with artificial feeding, when body protection weakens. Babies should be especially protected from viruses (restrict contacts with strangers, do not visit public places in the midst of an epidemic, temper the child). SARS in a baby is very difficult to treat, so it is better not to allow infection.

Table differences between the symptoms of influenza and SARS in 2016

Comparison of symptoms of influenza and ARVI Symptoms

Increased body temperature	up to 40 degrees	37-38 degrees
Cough, sore throat, runny nose	typically
Fatigue, body aches	typically	rarely, not expressed
Chills	typically	in severe forms

Video about acute respiratory diseases

SARS in winter is the most common type of ailment that is transmitted by airborne droplets from infected people to healthy ones. The incubation period and the course of the course of the disease depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. You will learn more about this disease after viewing the video below.

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SARS is... Acute respiratory viral infection: prevention, treatment

Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) is a disease that affects the human respiratory system. The main cause of the disease is contact with viruses. The path of transmission of viruses is airborne.

Prevalence of ARVI

Disease of ARVI is widespread everywhere, especially in kindergartens and schools, work collectives. Increased risk of infection have young children, the elderly and people with a weakened immune system.

The source of infection is an infected person. The high susceptibility of people to viruses leads to a rapid spread of the disease, the SARS epidemic is quite a frequent phenomenon all over the world. Untimely treatment of the disease can lead to various complications.

Outbreaks of respiratory-viral infections occur all year round, but the ARVI epidemic is more often observed in autumn and winter, especially in the absence of quality prevention and quarantine measures to identify cases infection.

Causes of ARVI

The cause of the development of the disease is respiratory viruses, which differ in a short incubation period and rapid spread. The source of the infection is a sick person.

The virus of ARVI is afraid of disinfectants, ultraviolet rays.

The mechanism of development

Getting into the body through the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva of the eyes, the viruses, penetrating into the epithelial cells, begin to multiply and destroy them. In places where viruses are introduced, inflammation occurs.

Through damaged blood vessels, getting into the bloodstream, viruses are carried throughout the body. In this case, the body secretes protective substances, the manifestation of which are signs of intoxication. If immunity is weakened, it is possible to attach a bacterial infection.

Symptomatology

All respiratory-viral diseases have similar symptoms. At the beginning of the disease a person has a runny nose, sneezing, pershit in the throat, body aches, the temperature rises, appetite disappears, a liquid stool appears.

Symptoms of SARS in a child can develop rapidly. Quickly increases intoxication, the baby is shivering, vomiting, pronounced hyperthermia. Treatment should be started immediately to avoid possible complications.

Signs of individual viral infections

Determine parainfluenza can be on mucous discharge from the nose, the appearance of a dry "barking" cough, hoarseness of the voice. The temperature does not exceed 38 ° C.

Adenovirus infection is accompanied by conjunctivitis. In addition, the patient may experience rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis.

With rhinovirus infection, the symptoms of intoxication are pronounced, the temperature may not rise. The disease is accompanied by abundant mucous discharge from the nose.

For respiratory syncytial viral infection, not pronounced catarrhal symptoms or bronchitis, strong intoxication are characteristic. Body temperature remains normal.

What is the difference between the flu and ARVI?

ARVI begins gradually, the development of the flu is rapid, a person can even indicate the time when he felt ill.

In acute respiratory viral infections, body temperature rises slightly, no higher than 3, C⁰. The flu is characterized by a sharp increase in temperature to 39-40 C⁰. The temperature in this case is maintained for three to four days.

In acute respiratory infections, the symptoms of intoxication are practically non-existent, the person does not shiver and does not throw in sweat, there is no severe headache, eye pain, photophobia, dizziness, body aches, persists operability.

With flu, a strong runny nose and nasal congestion are absent, this is the main symptom of ARVI. The disease is accompanied by reddening of the throat, with a flu such a symptom is not always observed.

In ARVI cough, discomfort in the chest occur at the very beginning of the disease, may be mild or moderately pronounced. The flu is characterized by a painful cough and chest pain that appear on the second day of the disease.

Sneezing is typical for the common cold, there is no such symptom in the flu, but there is redness in the eyes.

After a flu, a person can feel a weakness, a headache, and fast fatigue for another two to three weeks, after such an infection, such symptoms are not preserved.

Knowledge of how the flu differs from ARVI will help a person to assess their condition and take the necessary measures in time to help quickly get rid of the disease and avoid complications.

What are the symptoms of ARVI should alert

Immediately you need to see a doctor when the temperature rises to 40 ° C or more, which does not get knocked off by antipyretic drugs, in cases of mental disorders, intense headache and the inability to bend the neck, the appearance of rashes on the body, shortness of breath, cough with colored sputum (especially with a trace of blood), prolonged fever, edema.

An appeal to a doctor is also necessary if the symptoms of acute respiratory infections do not disappear after 7-10 days. Symptoms of acute respiratory infections in the child require special attention. If any suspicious symptoms occur, you should immediately seek medical help.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made by the attending physician after examining the nasopharynx and examining the symptoms. In some cases, complications may require additional research, for example, chest X-ray. This helps to eliminate pneumonia.

Complications

A frequent complication of acute respiratory viral infection is the attachment of a bacterial infection, which provokes the development of inflammatory processes: bronchitis, otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia. The disease can be complicated by the attachment of a urinary tract infection, pancreatitis, cholangitis.

If the disease occurs with pronounced intoxication, the result may be the development of convulsive or meningeal syndromes, myocarditis. Possible neurological problems, such as meningitis, neuritis, meningoencephalitis. After the transfer of acute respiratory viral infections, complications can manifest themselves exacerbation of chronic diseases.

In children, a frequent complication is a false cereal.

To minimize the risk of complications, treatment should begin on time, performing all the doctor's prescriptions.

How to treat

The treatment mostly takes place at home. The patient should adhere to the semi-post regimen, observe the milky-vegetable fortified diet, use a lot of fluids to dilute sputum, stimulate sweating, reduce levels toxins.

But in a furious modern pace, few people follow this rule, preferring to tolerate a cold "on their feet and relieve unpleasant symptoms with symptomatic means. The danger of this approach to treatment is that often symptomatic preparations for cold contain phenylephrine - a substance that increases blood pressure and causes the heart to work for wear. In order to avoid complications of colds, you need to choose medicines without components of this kind. For example, "Antigrippin" (better from "Natur-product") is a preparation for cold without phenylephrine, which eliminates unpleasant symptoms of ARVI, without provoking an increase in pressure and without harming the cardiac muscle.

In the treatment of antiviral drugs, drugs to increase immunity, antipyretic, antihistamines, drugs that help to sputum, vitamins. Locally used vasoconstrictor, which prevents the reproduction of the virus on the mucosa of the nasopharynx. Such treatment is important to carry out at the initial stage of the disease.

Preparations for ARVI treatment

In the fight against the causative agent of the disease, antiviral drugs are effective: Remantadin Amizon Arbidol Amiksin.

Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is necessary to reduce body temperature and reduce pain. These drugs include "Paracetamol" Ibuprofen "Panadol". It must be remembered that the temperature below 38 ° C does not get off, because at this temperature the body activates its protective forces.

Antihistamines are needed to reduce signs of inflammation: congestion of the nose, edema of the mucous. It is recommended to take "Loratidin" Fenistila "Zirteka". Unlike first-generation drugs, they do not cause drowsiness.

Nasal drops are necessary to reduce swelling, eliminate nasal congestion. It is worth remembering that it is not possible to use such drops for a long time, since this can provoke the development of chronic rhinitis. Drops are used no more than 7 days, 2-3 times a day. For long-term treatment it is possible to use preparations based on essential oils.

Remedies for sore throat. It is best in this case to help rinse the throat with the use of disinfectant solutions. For these purposes, you can use sage, chamomile. Rinse often, every two hours. Effective use of disinfectant sprays - "Geksoraal" Bioparox etc.

Cough medicines are needed to dilute sputum. This is helped by the use of the "ACC" Mukaltina "Bronholitin" and others. It is important at the same time to drink a lot of fluid, which also contributes to the dilution of phlegm. The remedies that suppress coughing can not be used without prescribing a doctor.

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, it is necessary only when the bacterial infection is attached.

In addition to medicines, the effective use of physiotherapy, inhalation, massage techniques, foot baths.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies are very effective in treating ARVI. This can be a supplement to the basic treatment and helps to cope faster with the disease. You can use the following recipes.

Not bad helps infusion of fruits of viburnum and linden flowers, which must be crushed and mixed. Two tablespoons of the collection should be poured in 500 ml of boiling water, insist for an hour. The obtained infusion is consumed before going to sleep.

The onion and garlic can be cope well with the disease, which you can simply eat. Both in prophylaxis and in treatment it is useful such a remedy: several cloves of garlic and half a teaspoon of juice are consumed after a meal. You can arrange in the room cut onions and garlic and inhale their vapors.

Very effective remedy for honey and lemon juice. To make it, bee honey (100 g) is mixed with the juice of one lemon and diluted with boiled water (800 ml). The product must be drunk throughout the day.

Prevention

What is the prevention of ARVI in adults and children? To strengthen the defenses of the body you need to temper, lead an active lifestyle, walk in the fresh air, do not disregard rest, avoid stress, and also observe hygiene (wash hands, vegetables, regularly do wet cleaning in room).

Prevention of Orvi in ​​adults requires adherence to the correct diet. The menu should be dominated by natural products. To maintain the intestinal microflora and strengthen the immune system, dairy products are useful. In addition, the diet should be present fiber.

For prophylaxis, you can take antiviral drugs or get vaccinated. Although it is impossible to completely protect yourself with vaccination, as the viruses constantly mutate. Vaccination is recommended for children who attend kindergartens and schools, employees of medical institutions.

In the period of epidemics, it is recommended to limit visits to public places, to strengthen the immunity to take natural remedies or antiviral drugs at the recommended dosage.

If preventive measures have not helped you avoid infection, take care of your recovery, as well as the people around you. Since ARVI is contagious, do not forget to cover your mouth and nose, coughing and sneezing, airing the room, if necessary, wear a gauze bandage. If you follow these measures, the disease will quickly leave your home.

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ORVI without temperature in adults: good or bad, how to treat ARI

Most adults associate infectious diseases with high fever.

Typically, a temperature greater than 37 degrees often occurs, as a consequence of the body's struggle with bacterial infection and viruses in ARI.

Doctors advise not to take the pill from the temperature, if it does not exceed 38 degrees. However, often there are SARS and ARI without signs of temperature, it is important to understand why this happens.

Causes

As you know, the normal temperature is 3 degrees. Sometimes in adults people can fluctuate up to 37 degrees.

Infection without temperature in most cases suggests the following:

• weakening of the immune system,
• depletion of body reserves,
• infection is introduced because of a decrease in resistance.

Often low indices show that a person does not have a moral or physical rest, and there are also problems with the protective function of the body, which will then be indicated by symptoms.

When the immunity function starts to work badly - this is due to the developing infectious disease. For example, if a virus or other microbial infection alternates between adults, then the body does not have time to recover, because it is weakened by the previous pathology.

The sharp outbursts of a new disease (even ARI) often become an excessive burden on the immune system, even for adults, which affects the inadequate reaction of the body's thermoregulatory apparatus.

In some cases, the virus infection is without temperature, if there is dysfunction of the hypothalamus, which is often a case of strong intoxication of the body.

One of several functions of the hypothalamus in adults is the control of thermoregulation in the body. As is known, the hypothalamus is very sensitive to the effects of toxic substances. This department of the brain is responsible for the stability of the internal environment of the body.

During poisoning, which is considered an integral part of ARVI, in adults a temporary malfunction in the functioning of the hypothalamus may occur, which will affect the work of the thermoregulatory system.

Symptoms

Symptoms without a temperature are not specific, so to determine a person's normal temperature is difficult enough without a thermometer.

You can talk about ARVI in adults if there are the following symptoms even without the temperature:

1. rhinitis, shortness of breath with nose, mucous discharge,
2. soreness of the throat, swelling of the nasopharynx,
3. sneezing,
4. a dry cough that turns into a damp,
5. Muscular pain, sensation of aches all over the body.

The majority of acute respiratory infections begin with sore throats, mucous secretions from the nasal cavity and general weakening. Since the temperature is at the usual level or is understated, the person observes:

• apathy,
• drowsiness,
• irritability.

If in ARD the normal temperature becomes lower (hypothermia), you should consult a doctor.

Cough with SARS without fever

First you need to understand why there is a cough with ARVI. Cough is a protective reaction of the human body. With the help of a cough reflex, the airways want to get rid of sputum and reduce the irritation of the respiratory organs due to the products of the vital activity of bacteria and viruses.

If cough is present in ARI and ARVI, but there is no temperature, then patients often do not carry out treatment and continue to lead a familiar life.

This situation is dangerous because a person is the source of infection, and the disease itself can flow into a bacterial pathology.

When coughing with influenza increases, it can be a consequence of the spread of inflammation in the lower parts of the respiratory system, which must be urgently treated.

If the temperature does not go up in the future, then this indicates serious problems with the immune system. It can be argued that the body does not struggle with the problem, but the human condition worsens.

It is necessary to consult a doctor to begin treatment immediately, as in adults this condition can be complicated by bronchitis and pneumonia. In addition, the acute process can become chronic, which provokes pharyngolaringitis or protracted bronchitis.

If a person coughs best to consult a doctor regardless of the presence or absence of temperature. It is easier to prevent dangerous complications than to treat them.

Diagnostic measures

Diagnosing ARI without temperature is more difficult than ARI. Elevated temperatures are part of the symptoms of classic viral disease.

If there is no temperature, then these signs of ARVI should be checked:

• when and how the infection manifests symptoms,
• what kind of cough,
• how sputum and mucous fluid are secreted.

It should also be assessed whether there is a negative epidemiological situation in the region, in places of study or work.

To accurately identify the type of pathogen will require laboratory tests that detect viral antigens. In this case, use of the immunofluorescence reaction or the detection of antibodies to viruses.

To clarify the diagnosis and treat the disease, removing the symptoms, it is sometimes necessary to conduct a serological reaction in paired sera, they are withdrawn at the beginning of the disease and in the process of eliminating the disease.

Treatment of acute respiratory infections without temperature

As mentioned earlier, the absence of temperature in ARVI very often indicates insufficiently strong immune defense.

That is why it is necessary first of all to support immunity, for example, to provide a person with rest, to protect from psychoemotional stresses and additional stress.

Treatment also involves a full diet and recovery of sleep.

If there are severe symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection and general weakness of the body, the treatment involves warming procedures:

• drink a warm drink,
• take hot foot baths,
• wrapped in a warm blanket,
• warm your feet with a warmer and wear warm socks.

Such treatment can be used alone or combined together. You should warmly dress, avoid drafts and regularly ventilate the room so that the infection has less chance of getting into the body.

To maintain and strengthen immunity, it is worth taking adaptogenic drugs, for example, tinctures:

1. ginseng,
2. echinacea,
3. Schizandra,
4. Eleutherococcus.

You can take these drugs for a month or two.

For the immune system to function fully, it is important to adequately supply the body with all microelements and vitamins. For normal life of the body it is necessary:

• balanced eating,
• take multivitamin funds.

Symptomatic treatment for ARVI and ARI with normal temperature is characterized by the use of medicines. It is necessary to begin treatment with antiviral drugs no later than on the second day after the onset of a malaise:

1. drugs-inhibitors of neuraminidase: Relenza, Tamiflu,
2. adamantane series: Remantadine,
3. interferon inducers: Cycloferon.

To treat a runny nose follows vasoconstrictive nasal sprays or drops: NOC spray, Naphthysine. When coughing, it is good to take expectorant (mucolytic) remedies: solvine, mucaltin and others.

In addition, if there are alarming symptoms, then you can drink multivitamin funds or ascorbic acid, after consulting with a doctor.

The video in this article with Dr. Komarovsky answers the question about ARVI and the absence of temperature.

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SARS without temperature

Most of us are used to associate infectious diseases with fever. Indeed, high temperatures (above 37 ° C) indicate that the body is fighting viruses and bacterial infection. Medical experts even advise not to take the pill from the temperature, if the indices do not exceed 38 ° C. However, why sometimes there are cases of acute respiratory infections without temperature? Is this normal, or is something wrong with the body?

Causes

We all know that the normal temperature should be 3, ° C. Sometimes fluctuations from 36 to 37 ° C are allowed, in view of the particular organism.

The flow of acute respiratory viral infection without temperature in most cases indicates a weakening of the immune system, the depletion of the body's internal reserves and a strong decrease in resistance to infection. Often, low rates indicate problems with the protective system, about moral or physical overload.

The lowering of the functions of immunity is often associated with a current infectious disease. For example, if a viral or other microbial infection alternates one after another, then the organism does not have time to recover, being weakened by the previous pathology. A sharp surge of a new disease can become an unbearable strain on the immune system, which affects the weak response from the thermoregulation apparatus.

In a smaller number of cases, normal temperatures for a viral infection can be triggered by hypothalamic dysfunction, which is often observed with severe intoxication of the body. The bottom line is that one of the functions of the hypothalamus is the control over the processes of thermoregulation in the body. And, as you know, the hypothalamus (the department of the intermediate brain, responsible for the constancy of the internal environment of the body) is very sensitive to the effects of toxic substances. During intoxication (an integral part of SARS), a temporary malfunction may occur in the hypothalamus, which affects the improper operation of the thermoregulatory system.

Symptoms

Symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection without temperature are not specific, therefore it is very difficult to determine the patient's normal parameters without using a thermometer.

With the standard course, the signs of the disease are unchanged, except for a rise in temperature:

• soreness in the throat, swelling of the nasopharynx;
• rhinitis, obstructed nasal breathing, mucous discharge from the nose;
• sneezing;
• dry cough, gradually turning into wet;
• pain in the muscles, a feeling of aches all over the body.

Most acute respiratory viral infections begin with sore throat, mucous discharge from the nose, a feeling of malaise. Since the temperature values ​​are unchanged, or even underestimated, there may be strong weakness, apathy, the patient is constantly tending to sleep, irritability may appear.

If the normal temperature gradually turns into hypothermia (lowering t °), then it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Cough with SARS without fever

First, we will understand why there is a cough in ARVI - they serve as a protective reaction of our body. With the help of a cough reflex, the airways try to get rid of the discharge (sputum), and also reduce the irritation of the respiratory organs from the products of the vital activity of viruses and bacteria.

If coughing with ARVI occurs without a temperature, then most patients continue in this state to go to work or to study. This situation is unacceptable, because the sick person is the source of a viral infection, and the disease itself can be complicated, for example, by bacterial pathology.

In the case when cough not only does not pass, but also intensifies, this may be a sign of the spread of the inflammatory process to the lower parts of the respiratory system. If the temperature in this case does not increase further, then this indicates serious problems with immunity. The body does not fight, and the patient's condition worsens - of course, this is not good. It is necessary to consult a specialist, because the disease can be complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia. In addition, the acute process can develop into chronic, chronic pharyngolaringitis or bronchitis.

Therefore, if the patient coughs, then you should consult a doctor, regardless of whether he has a fever, or not. It is much easier to prevent complications than to try to cure them later.

SARS in a child without fever

In early childhood (up to 3 years), an acute respiratory viral infection in a child without fever can often occur. Experts cause this situation not fully formed thermoregulatory apparatus, as well as not fully developed neural mechanisms (connections). But, even if the temperature values ​​are normal, and the baby has other symptoms of ARVI, then it is still necessary to take the child to the doctor.

Among other things, the child can develop cough against the background of ARVI, which is explained by the high vulnerability of the mucous tissues of the children's respiratory system. If the rest of the child feels well, and in the process of breathing does not cause any wheezing, then there is no special cause for concern. However, the doctor's prescriptions still need to be followed.

A kid with signs of ARVI, but without a fever, should be at home, do not attend pre-school and school facilities, if only because there is a potential danger of the transition of the infectious-inflammatory process from the acute form to chronic. At an early age, all inflammatory diseases tend to spread throughout the body. For this reason, the baby, even without temperature, should be shown to the pediatrician.

What can lead to an acute respiratory viral infection with normal temperature for a child is hard to say, since it directly depends on the state of its immune system.

SARS without fever during pregnancy

In pregnancy, women's immunity is weakened and depressed. This happens not only because of hormonal adjustment. Another reason for the weakness of the immune defense is that special conditions are created in the body, so that the synthesized antibodies are not so strong as to attack the unborn child as a foreign body. This is a very delicate and thoughtful course of nature. The body of a pregnant woman should be set up only for the maintenance of pregnancy, despite the fact that during this period it is weakened to the effects of viral and other infections.

Undoubtedly, ARVI during pregnancy is not uncommon, as well as colds, runny nose, etc. And in such situations the future mother should be especially attentive to her body.

If an infectious disease occurs without a rise in temperature, then this is no reason to ignore the symptoms from the point of view of "nothing terrible, it will pass by itself". Absence of temperature does not mean that there is no inflammatory process in the body. Moreover, often inadequate response of the thermoregulation system to the penetration of a viral infection can to say that the immune system of a woman is so weak that she simply can not "turn on" the rise temperature. And if the future mother continues during the illness to do ordinary things, go to work and travel to public transport, the risk of secondary infection and the development of complications increases in times.

Do not allow negative consequences: contact the doctor, he will write out the treatment and will necessarily issue a certificate of temporary incapacity for work.

Who to contact?

Pulmonologist General practitioner Family doctor

Diagnostics

Of course, diagnosing an acute respiratory viral infection without a temperature is a bit more complicated than with a classic course of the disease. After all, elevated temperature values ​​are one of the symptoms of a viral disease. In this case, other signs of ARVI come to the rescue:

• Assessment of the epidemiological situation in the community, in the family, at work or school;
• the order of occurrence of symptoms of a viral infection;
• characteristics of cough, sputum and mucous discharge from the nose.

With an accurate determination of the type of pathogen it is possible only with the help of laboratory tests that detect viral antigens. In this case, an immunofluorescence reaction or detection of antibodies to viruses is used.

To clarify the diagnosis in rare cases, serological reactions are used in paired sera, which are withdrawn at the initial stage of the disease and in the process of recovery.

Treatment of acute respiratory infections without temperature

As we said earlier, the lack of temperature in ARVI often tells us about weak immune defense. For this reason, the first thing to do is to take care of the support of immunity, that is, to provide the body with rest, to protect from stress and additional stress, to provide full sleep and nutrition.

With weakness of the body and other symptoms of SARS, it is recommended to conduct warming procedures. Suitable warm drink, hot foot baths, a warm blanket, woolen socks, a warmer to the feet. These treatments can be used alone, or combined together. Dress warmly enough, avoid drafts, but do not forget to ventilate the room.

In order to maintain and strengthen immunity, it is recommended to take adaptogenic drugs: tinctures of ginseng, echinacea, eleutherococcus, magnolia vine, etc. The use of such drugs can be carried out for one to two months in a row.

Also, for a full-fledged work of immune protection, it is important to supply the body with all vitamins and microelements. A balanced nutritional diet, an additional intake of multivitamin funds will be able to fill the lack of all the substances necessary for normal life of the organism.

Medicines for acute respiratory virus infections with normal temperature are prescribed as symptomatic treatment. Not later than on the second day after the onset of the disease, antiviral drugs are taken:

• adamantane series (remantadine);
• drugs-inhibitors of neuraminidase (tamiflu, relenza);
• interferon inducers (cycloferon).

With a cold, vasoconstrictive nasal drops or sprays (naphthyzine, NOC spray) are used.

When coughing - mucolytic (expectorant) drugs (mukaltin, solvine, etc.).

In addition, the prescription of the doctor can take ascorbic acid and multivitamin funds.

How to get a sick leave?

Many people are interested in the question, is it possible to get a sick list in ARVI without a temperature? Indeed, a few years ago, the certificate issued, focusing mainly on temperature performance. However, this is fundamentally wrong, since many infectious diseases, including ARVI, often occur with normal temperature values.

Unambiguously, in case of viral infections the hospital should give out in all cases a referral to the doctor, since the patient may pose a threat to the health of others. Currently, the leaf is given, despite the absence of temperature, of course, if the remaining symptoms of the disease are present. And the more pronounced the remaining signs of the disease, the greater the likelihood that the hospital will be issued.

Pregnant women with viral diseases have a sick leave sheet in any case.

So feel free to contact your doctor, despite the fact that you have an acute respiratory viral infection without fever. Normal indicators - not a reason to endure the disease "on the feet."

ilive.com.ua

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