Features of treatment of a thorn in the eye

Belmo or leukemia of the eye is a severe ophthalmologic disease in which a pronounced opacification of the cornea occurs. The main causes of the disease are injuries of the eyeball, inflammation in the cornea, and regular clogging of the mucous eye with foreign bodies. In rare cases, the throat develops due to the pathology of intrauterine development. Reduction of vision does not always happen, but the disease tends to progress, so in the absence of competent treatment, serious complications arise. In the article, we will examine why a thorn in the eye appears and how to treat this problem.

Definition of disease

Belmo cornea (leukoma) - a common eye disease, in which there is a persistent opacity of the cornea due to trauma, disease or congenital anomalies of development. There are several classifications of pathology, depending on the etiology and nature of occurrence. In most cases, because of scarring, the cornea loses its transparency and the ability to pass light rays. Even with a minor lesion, visual acuity decreases, and if the treatment is not started on time, the chances of developing acquired blindness increase significantly.

According to statistics, the throat takes the fifth place in the world among causes of total or partial blindness. The occurrence of the disease in men and women is the same. Despite the active development of ophthalmology, the disease is still one of the most difficult to treat.Belmo can have a variety of clinical manifestations, it is difficult to treat therapeutically, and there are often difficulties in the rehabilitation period.

Until recently, in ophthalmology, cataract and leukemia were combined into one disease. Thanks to numerous studies in the XX century, the differences between these two diseases have been proved.

Types and Classification

There are several varieties of leukoma. Depending on the degree of damage and external signs, the following are distinguished:

1. Spot. Limited in area, the corneal lesion, at first has a pearly color, and then the structure turns yellow and sprouts vessels. Develops due to the violation of collagen properties and intercellular matrix, so there is no characteristic scarring. Easier to treat.
2. Belmo. Appears due to scarring of the epithelial tissue of the cornea. Can be congenital or acquired. It is less treatable, it progresses rapidly and leads to a decrease in visual functions.

Depending on the origin, there are two types of leukoma:

1. Congenital. It is formed due to abnormalities of intrauterine development. As a rule, the appearance of a thorn in this case is due to the penetration of the infection into the placenta. Due to the fact that at an early age surgical intervention is contraindicated, can lead to an early loss of vision.
2. Acquired. It occurs most often. Appears due to injuries, mechanical or thermal effects on the corneal tissue. Can have different localization and shape.

Depending on the extent of the lesion and the localization of turbidity, the following pathologies are distinguished on the cornea:

1. Peripheral throat. It is located at some distance from the pupil, so it rarely leads to a decrease in vision. Usually has a small area, so it is poorly visible in the early stages.
2. Central. It covers the entire surface of the pupil, which leads to the formation of a veil in front of the eyes, as well as the limitation of the field of view. Over time, the leukemia can grow in size.
3. Total. Fully covers the entire area of ​​the cornea. Vision is rarely preserved, complete blindness develops. Worst of all is curable.

Even an insignificant area of ​​the throat can cause, over time, the turbidity of the entire area of ​​the cornea. Therefore, it is recommended that you seek help as soon as possible.

Sometimes the leukemia can take the form of a small cloud, which is located far from the pupil of the eye. In rare cases, it passes by itself without any medical intervention.

Causes

There are several factors that lead to the development of a thorn in the eye:

• keratitis.Depending on the severity of the disease (surface or deep lesion), the leukemia may be strictly limited in area or cover the entire surface of the cornea;
• mechanical effect on the cornea of ​​the eye.Usually it is blows or the constant presence of foreign bodies on the mucous eyeball;
• chronic conjunctival diseasesgoing over to the cornea;
• chemical or thermal burn.It is believed that exposure to alkali causes more severe damage to the eye tissues;
• consequences of ophthalmic operations;
• pathology of intrauterine development.

Congenital leukemia is less treatable. The development of the disease is difficult to control, in addition, in early childhood, it is impossible to conduct ophthalmic operations, which leads to persistent deterioration of vision.

In the literature, cases of leukemia development against a background of a long viral infection of the body are described. As a rule, such complications are caused by retroviruses.

Symptoms

In the early stages of the disease, a mist appears in the eyes, which can take the form of a veil or a partial disturbance. Appears foreign body sensation and blepharospasm due to increased intraocular pressure and protrusion of the cornea.Often, early leukemia is accompanied by reddening of mucous membranes, sclera, as well as involuntary lacrimation and photophobia.As the disease develops, characteristic external features are formed:

• the clouding of the eye is noticeable to the naked eye. At first it has a porcelain-white color, and then the throat takes on a yellow tinge;
• with marked scarring on the leukemia, blood vessels become noticeable;
• over time, turbidity becomes opaque or shiny depending on the nature of the occurrence.

Belmo in most cases leads to a rapid reduction in visual acuity, and in advanced cases, full or partial blindness may develop.

Depending on the causes of the appearance of the throat can affect only one eye, and also be bilateral.

Possible complications

When untimely referral to a doctor or illiterate treatment, a thorn in the eyes can lead to the most serious complications:

• development of secondary cataract;
• if the throat is accompanied by detachment of the retina, atrophy of the eye is possible;
• decreased visual acuity, the appearance of severe myopia;
• the eyes quickly start to get tired even with a slight load;
• with a large lesion, uncontrolled oscillatory movements of the eyeballs (nystagmus) are observed.

Congenital leukemia often leads to a friendly strabismus and other physiological defects in the position of the eyeballs in space.

Diagnostics

Congenital throat is diagnosed in newborns only after ophthalmoscopy. Early diagnosis is not always accurate, additional tests are required to confirm the pathology.

For the diagnosis of acquired leukemia, traditional procedures are used.This is a visual examination of the eyeball, visometry and tonometry.The most informative method is biomicroscopy, with which it is possible to accurately determine the localization of turbidity, its density and the degree of transparency. To investigate the damage to deep structures, ultrasound of the eyeball, as well as CT or MRI of the orbits, is prescribed.

Belmo, which occurs with penetrating injuries of the eyeball, can lead to the fusion of the iris and cornea. In such a situation, there may not be a characteristic cloudiness, which causes problems in the diagnostic process.

Treatment

The choice of therapeutic strategy depends on the nature and extent of the disease.With a slight opacity of the cornea on one eye, treatment is reduced to regular ophthalmologic examinations and instillation of vitamin preparations.In the inflammatory nature of the disease, antiviral and antibacterial agents for external use are prescribed. Surgical intervention is necessary only in the late stages, when the leukemia has a large area and leads to impaired visual functions.

Medicines

For the treatment of eyebrows on the eye, the following medicines can usually be prescribed:

1. Corticosteroids for external use: ointment Hydrocortisone or Dexamethasone in the form of drops.
2. Preparations for resorption of scars: Potassium iodide, Lidase.
3. Means for tissue repair: Korneregel, Actovegin, Solcoseryl, Balarpan.
4. Vitamin supplements in the form of drops or tablets.

To eliminate side effects, for example, increased lacrimation, redness of the conjunctiva or severe pain, prescribe additional medications.The form is selected depending on the severity of the disease. These are agents for external use (drops) or intramuscular injections.

Surgically

Operative treatment of a thalamus on eyes is the most effective and qualitative method of elimination of a pathology. Applied the following techniques:

1. Keratoplasty. Removal of scars on the surface of the cornea with the help of traditional microsurgical instruments or laser. The procedure takes place under the magnification of the microscope, which allows cutting the thinnest layers of tissues. After the operation, a long rehabilitation period is required.
2. Keratoprosthetics. Transplantation of the donor or artificial cornea. This is a complex ophthalmic operation, involving a great risk. Restoration of visual functions depends on compliance with the prescription of the doctor, as well as follow-up preventive measures. For children, the corneal transplant is prescribed from 1 year.

After surgery complications are possible. There is a rejection of the transplant, bleeding, as well as tissue perforation. To avoid consequences it is recommended to undergo rehabilitation in a hospital.

Folk remedies

Methods of folk treatment are of low effectiveness and can be used only as a preventive measure, during rehabilitation after surgery or act as an auxiliary.Most often as a folk remedy for the therapy of leukemia use lotions from the actual focus, wiping with soap, squeezing out rye bread, and also instill with decoction of fresh dill.

Such methods are not recommended for increased sensitivity of the eyes, as well as for a large lesion of the cornea.

Prevention

If you follow the preventive measures, you can avoid the development of leukemia. For this it is recommended:

• Avoid contact with solids, alkali and acids.When working with toxic substances and during welding, personal protective equipment should be used;
• in a timely mannertreat infectious diseases of any nature, take vitamin complexes to strengthen immunity;
• avoid diseases during pregnancy;
• regularlyto undergo ophthalmic examinations, promptly seek professional help when symptoms appear;
• observe the mode of work and rest, hold gymnastics for the eyes;
• In case of high eye strain, instill moisturizers.

If surgery is recommended for the treatment of leukemia, it should be carried out as soon as possible. Belmo tends to progress, so a slight cloudiness in the future can lead to loss of vision.

Video

The video describes the methods of treating the belly with folk remedies.

conclusions

1. Belmo on the eye - ophthalmologic disease, which is characterized by opacity of the cornea and scarring of its tissues.
2. The disease can be acquired or congenital.
3. The leukemia can take the form of a spot, cloud, or cover the entire surface of the stratum corneum.
4. In the early stages of drug treatment is recommended, with a large area of ​​opacification appointed ophthalmic operation.
5. Disease can be avoided if you follow simple preventive measures: protect your eyes and treat the infection in time.