How to cure bronchitis with antibiotics: a list of the best drugs
Bronchitis is an inflammatory process that develops in the bronchi. There may be several types, each of which has a distinctive symptomatology and specific treatment that the doctor should appoint. Remember that self-medication of such a serious disease as bronchitis, at home is just dangerous!
Types and symptoms
The considered inflammatory process can proceed in the following forms:- purulent- The sputum, allocated at a cough, contains in itself an admixture of pus; For more information on how to treat purulent bronchitis in adults, read the article.
- purulent-serous- characterized by the release of specific sputum, differing in gray and the presence of "fibers" / inclusions of pus;
- fibrinous- phlegm in the patient is very viscous and dense, poorly separated, which provokes a narrowing of the lumen of the bronchus and, as a consequence, attacks of bronchospasm;
- hemorrhagic- The inflammatory process affects the blood vessels, thinens their walls and the blood gets into the sputum;
- catarrhal- the most common form of bronchitis, characterized by the accumulation of a large amount of mucus in the upper parts of the bronchi.
As the treatment of chronic bronchitis with antibiotics is worth reading for information in this article.
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This disease can have a different course:
- acute bronchitis- always begins suddenly, accompanied by pain in the chest (even with deep breathing), paroxysmal coughing and fever;
- Chronical bronchitis- is a consequence of an untreated acute form, has all of the above main symptoms bronchitis, but in a less pronounced form, and hyperthermia (fever) can and does absent.
When examining the patient and carrying out the diagnosis, the doctor necessarily differentiates the bronchitis according to the functional sign:
- non-obstructive- narrowing of bronchi, sudden bronchospasm and stifling is not observed;
- obstructive- due to a large amount of viscous sputum or because of the anatomical features of the patient's body, there is a significant narrowing of the bronchial lumen. In this case, the patient complains of shortness of breath, attacks of suffocation, accompanied by a strained dry cough. And here's how to treat obstructive bronchitis in children, you can find out by reading this article.
Antibiotics for bronchitis
Only antibiotics contribute to the cure of bronchitis, the remaining funds only facilitate the patient's condition
Many, who noted the first symptoms of the disease in question, begin treatment of bronchitis propolis, soda, garlic and other folk remedies and usual tablets from a cough - it's in the bud wrong!Only antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) can relieve directly from inflammation and pathogenic microorganisms(bronchitis has an infectious etiology), and all other methods of treatment and remedies will only alleviate the condition of the patient. This does not mean that you need to immediately and unconditionally go through a course of antibiotic therapy - consultation a doctor will still be needed, but the antibiotic used most often for children with bronchitis is indicated in the article.
Important: with acute bronchitis antibiotics are not prescribed at all - this form of inflammation has viral etiology, and the drugs in question are absolutely useless in the fight for viruses.
Antibiotics can be prescribed in tablets and injections, but most often the tablet form is used medicines - it allows you to go through the entire course of treatment on an outpatient basis, without the need to find hospital. Doctors may prescribe injections with antibacterial drugs in the following cases:- the body temperature reaches the highest boundaries and keeps at this level for more than a day;
- there is pus in the phlegm;
- bronchospasm and severe dyspnea are observed.
In addition, antibiotics can also be used in inhalations with a nebulizer - this is generally considered to be the most effective method of treatment: the drug falls directly on the walls of the bronchi, affected by the inflammatory process and acts localized.
Antibiotics of the old generation
Augmentin - one of the popular means of the old generation
Most often in the treatment of bronchitis of different forms and types of doctors appointed penicillins - drugs of the old generation, but this did not become less effective. Recommended preparations:
- Augmentin;
- Panklav;
- Amoxiclav.
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Recommended dosage: 625 mg per treatment. Such receptions per day should be 3 (every 8 hours).Importantly: penicillins give a very good effect, but more often the resistance of pathogenic bacteria that provoked bronchitis to these drugs is revealed.Therefore, the patient is prescribed a medicine, followed by monitoring the dynamics of the disease for 3 days) and in the absence of positive "shifts" the antibiotic is replaced by another, more effective.Macrolides
If the patient has an individual intolerance and / or hypersensitivity to antibiotics of the penicillin series, macrolides are assigned to him. To such it is possible to carry:
- Clarithromycin;
- Erythromycin.
They are produced most often in tablet form, so the dosage is calculated as follows: 1 tablet per reception, use should be done every 6-8 hours.
Modern antibiotics
In obstructive bronchitis, antibiotics of a new generation are appointed - cephalosporins, which are injected into the body only by injection - intramuscularly or intravenously (in especially severe cases). These include:- Levofloxacin;
- Ceftriaxone;
- Ciprofloxacin;
- Cefuroxime.
Please note: the exact dosage should be prescribed by the attending physician - it will depend on the severity of the course of the disease, the general condition of the patient, the "neglect" of the inflammatory process.
Fluoroquinolones
If a patient has previously been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, then at the first signs of his exacerbation take fluoroquinolones - broad-spectrum antibiotics, identical to cephalosporins, but more soft / gentle. The most commonly prescribed are:
- Moxifloxacin;
- Lefofloxacin;
- Ciprofloxacin.
It is recommended to treat with a short seven-day course, injecting any of the above medications intramuscularly twice a day.What amount of the drug is needed for one injection, only a doctor can determine - in this case, it is unreasonable to make a decision independently.
The chronic form of bronchitis is always and certainly treated with antibiotics - they will help "drive" the inflammatory process into the stage of long-term remission.
Antibiotics and nebulizer
Inhalation nebulizer is especially effective in bronchitis
To conduct inhalations with a nebulizer, antibiotics can also be used - the effect will be rendered almost immediately, because in this case the drug will act directed / localized and immediately after it hits the organism.Most often for this type of treatment is appointed Fluimucil - a drug that in its composition contains both antibacterial agent, and special for liquefaction of sputum.Produced antibiotic in the form of a powder - you need to take one package and dissolve in a small amount of sodium chloride (maximum 5 ml), and the resulting liquid is divided into two inhalations per day.
Inhalation Fluimutsilom most effective in purulent bronchitis, but can be prescribed for other types of inflammatory disease.
Indication / contraindications
Antibiotics are quite powerful medications that have categorical indications and contraindications.You can not thinklessly take antibacterial drugs - in most cases they are absolutely useless, but their negative effect on the work of the intestines, liver and kidneys can already have(the so-called side effects). For those who want to know in more detail how many days to drink antibiotics for bronchitis, you can learn from the article. Therefore, one should know clear indications for the appointment / use of antibiotics for the treatment of various forms / types of bronchitis:
- borderline high body temperature, which can not be reduced by usual antipyretic;
- purulent sputum content;
- developing bronchospasm;
- previously diagnosed chronic bronchitis.
It is strictly forbidden to prescribe to doctors or take antibiotics on their own:
- diseases of urinary system of severe course - renal failure / nephropathy;
- violations of the functionality of the liver - selectively, for example, with certain forms of hepatitis;
- ulcerative disease of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach / duodenum).
Important: it is necessary to exclude an allergic reaction to antibiotics - it can develop rapidly, which leads to anaphylactic shock and edema Quincke.
And notice: if the patient has already undergone treatment shortly before the development of bronchitis antibacterial drugs of any group, then these funds will be absolutely useless in the treatment any type of bronchitis.
Possible complications
If you ignore the symptoms of bronchitis, self-treatment, the abandonment of antibacterial drugs can develop quite serious complications of bronchitis:
- pneumonia and pneumothorax;
- bronchial asthma - especially dangerous in this regard, obstructive bronchitis;
- pulmonary hypertension;
- emphysema of the lungs;
- bronchiectatic disease.
Please note: acute bronchitis with properly conducted treatment is cured quickly enough, otherwise the form of the disease will certainly be replaced by a chronic one.
Video
From this video you will learn about the proper treatment of chronic bronchitis:
Frequent recurrences of chronic bronchitis, prolonged obstructive, purulent and / or catarrhal appearance of the disease in question can lead to the development inflammation in other organs and body systems - as complications are considered otitis (acute / chronic), tonsillitis (compensated / decompensated).
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Antibiotics for bronchitis
Antibiotics for bronchitis are selected after a thorough examination, examination and all necessary tests by the treating doctor.
Bronchitis is a common disease, both among children and among older people; in recent years, the disease has become chronic in the population. In an adult, the signs of the disease manifest themselves differently depending on certain factors. Before you start treating the disease, you need to determine the cause that led to the disease. Unfortunately, modern doctors prescribe antibiotics at random, according to the principle of "no more will be." However, with some forms of bronchitis, the use of antibiotics only hinders recovery. Bronchitis of a viral origin and without antibiotics is well treatable, since viruses are not destroyed by antibacterial agents. When treating viral bronchitis with antibiotics, depression of immunity begins, dysbacteriosis, allergic reactions, bacteria develop resistance to the drug.
With bronchitis in acute form, the focus of inflammation in the bronchi develops due to ingestion of viruses or infection. If before the disease in humans in the lungs there were no pathological processes, in 95% of the bronchitis was caused by viruses. At a bronchitis of the acute form of a virus origin antibiotics are not obligatory. If a person has a strong immune system, then treatment of a disease of staphylococcal, streptococcal, pneumococcal infection is predominantly symptomatic, recovery is an average of two of the week. If the defenses of the body are weakened, antibiotics must be taken. Acute bronchitis is manifested by a strong cough, pain in the chest, increased body temperature. Most of the patients recover fairly quickly (within two weeks), in some cases, cough lasts about a month.
Chronic bronchitis is considered if the disease occurs throughout the year often enough (the total number of days of illness for a year exceeds 90). At a chronic bronchitis of the person excruciates a strong cough with allocation of slime. Such a cough can be associated with harmful working conditions, smoking, allergic manifestations, infections in the upper respiratory tract. With exacerbations or repeated diseases, treatment is carried out with antibacterial drugs in combination with expectorants.
In a separate category there are bronchitis of Chlamydia and Mycoplasma origin. Recently, bronchitis, provoked by bacteria of chlamydia and microplasma, is diagnosed more often. The development of the disease is very slow, accompanied by signs of intoxication, the disease proceeds in a protracted form, with frequent relapses, treatment such bronchitis succumb extremely hard. In addition to a person's strong cough, fever, high fever, and muscle pains are excruciating.
Antibiotics for pregnant women with bronchitis
The frequency of bronchitis in pregnant women is quite high. This is primarily due to a weakened immune system that is unable to resist viruses and infections. The development of bronchitis begins as a manifestation of the common cold (weakness, temperature). After a few days, a dry cough begins, and after a couple of days sputum begins to appear from the bronchi. It is extremely important for a future mother to take their health seriously, because this threatens with various (sometimes quite serious) complications for the child. If there is a suspicion that the bronchitis is developing, you should immediately consult a doctor.
The excretion of sputum from the lungs in pregnant women is difficult, since the mobility of the diaphragm is reduced, and it is in a raised state. A long time stagnating in the bronchi sputum prolongs the term of the disease, in addition, this state is extremely harmful for the future mother, and for her baby. If in total the disease lasted no more than two weeks, most likely, the disease proceeded in acute form, but if the treatment lasted for a month or more - it means that the disease became chronic shape. Acute bronchitis has no harmful effect on the future baby, but a long chronic form of the disease can lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus. After the examination and all tests confirmed the diagnosis of bronchitis, treatment of a woman should be started as soon as possible.
X-rays to pregnant women are prescribed only in extreme cases, when the doctor has doubts about the correct diagnosis, the disease is accompanied by a very serious condition of the woman, a variety of complications. Antibiotics for bronchitis are prescribed quite often, but the use of such potent drugs for women in period of pregnancy is not recommended, especially during the first three months you need to exclude any medicinal preparations. As a rule, antibiotics are prescribed to pregnant women in extreme cases, when mothers are threatened with serious complications. In the event that it is not possible to dispense with antibiotics, preparations from a number of penicillins, which can be used in the treatment of pregnant women, are prescribed. These drugs virtually eliminate the possibility of harm to the child. If a woman is in the second trimester, then the use of cephalosporin group drugs is possible.
With bronchitis in acute form, you can use Bioporox - a local antibiotic with which inhalations are carried out. This agent acts directly in the respiratory tract, therefore, the possibility of penetration through the placenta is completely excluded, which is extremely important for a woman in the position.
List of antibiotics for bronchitis
Aminopenicillins:
- amoksiklav;
- amoxicillin;
- arlet;
- augmentin.
Antibiotics of this series are destructive to the walls of bacteria, their action is directed only at harmful microorganisms, and there is no harm to the body as a whole. The only drawback of such drugs is that penicillins are capable of provoking strong allergic reactions.
Macrolides:
- Macropen;
- sumamed.
Block the multiplication of microbes due to disruption of protein production in cells.
Fluoroquinolones:
- ofloxacin;
- levofloxacin;
- moxifloxacin.
Antibiotics for bronchitis of a wide spectrum of action, their frequent use leads to disruption of the digestive tract, provokes dysbiosis.
Cephalosporins:
- ceftriaxone;
- cefazolin;
- cephalexin.
Antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, well cope with microorganisms resistant to penicillins. Preparations of this group are usually well tolerated by patients, in very rare cases cause allergic reactions.
Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults
Antibiotics for bronchitis in older people often have a major importance in the treatment of the disease. First of all, anti-infectious agents with antibacterial effect are used: rovamycin, flemoxin, chemomycin, azithromycin.
In second place is a cephalosporin group of antibiotics: suprax, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefepime. Such antibiotics are used in light and medium course of the disease, mainly in the form of tablets. Severe stages of the disease are treated with injections, in some cases it is advisable to use combination therapy combining injections and taking tablets. With bronchitis of viral origin, antiviral agents such as vifron, kipferon, geneferon, and the like are used. It is also necessary to take expectorants (ACS, lazolvan, bromhexine, etc.). If you suffer from dyspnea, you can use bronchodilators: teopek, euphyllin, berodual, salbutamol, etc. Also, treatment should be supplemented with vitamin preparations to strengthen the defenses of the body.
If antibiotics are prescribed without sputum analysis, preference is given to broad-spectrum antibiotics, usually penicillin or a protected penicillin group. The most commonly prescribed is augmentin from the group of protected penicillins, which has a disastrous effect on most bacteria that are unable to develop resistance to this drug. Augmentin is available in the form of tablets, injections, suspensions. The drug in the form of a suspension is convenient to use for the treatment of small children, this drug can also be used in pregnancy. Safety of use of the drug in childhood and pregnant women has been proved by numerous studies.
Also, antibiotic preparations of the macrolide group, for example, azithromycin, have a good therapeutic effect. Preparations are convenient to use, since it is required to be taken once, besides the course of treatment is not very long, 3 to 5 days.
However, the appointment of an antibiotic should be carried out taking into account the identified pathogens of the disease, on the basis of bacteriosives (sputum analysis).
Antibiotics for bronchitis in children
For the treatment of such a disease as bronchitis in children, drugs that improve drainage of the bronchi, i. a variety of mucolytic agents (liquefying phlegm): ambroxol, licorice root, althea, etc. Recently, inhalers have become very popular with the help of a special inhalation device - a nebulizer, which can be used at home.
Antibiotics for bronchitis in children are often prescribed together with antiallergic and immunomodulating drugs. Its effectiveness and safety for children was proved by the phytoantibiotic Umkalor, which includes bacteriostatic properties. This drug is well suited for the final cure of the disease, after using more powerful antibiotics, since the drug has good immunostimulating properties. Umcalor is recommended to take at least a week after the disappearance of the main symptoms of the disease for prevention.
It is mandatory to take funds aimed at maintaining and restoring the intestinal microflora in order to prevent the development of dysbiosis and weakening of the body's defenses. If treatment is started in a timely manner and an effective course of treatment is chosen, recovery occurs in 2 to 3 weeks.
Antibiotics for chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis develops a change in the bronchial mucosa. Characteristic signs of bronchitis is sputum for more than two consecutive years, frequent prolonged exacerbations of the disease (at least three months a year). With chronic bronchitis there are stages of exacerbation and remission. In case of exacerbations, usually, the patient's extremely difficult condition is observed, in which he is forced to seek qualified help. In such periods, people suffer severe attacks of cough, weakness, increased sweating, fever. Periods of remission are accompanied by regular sputum discharge when coughing, which does not greatly affect a person's daily life. With chronic bronchitis, mucous ulcers get purulent sputum, sometimes bloody impurities appear.
The chronic form of bronchitis is most often sick at an older age, young people and children usually suffer the disease in a protracted form, with frequent relapses.
Antibiotics for bronchitis should be prescribed only after determining the sensitivity of pathogens to the active substance. Exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease can occur with the activity of chlamydia, legionella, and microplasmas. In this case, effective drugs for the treatment of the disease are antibiotics of the macrolide group (azithromycin, rovamycin). If the causative agent is Gram-positive coccal bacteria, antibiotics of the cephalosporin series are prescribed, with Gram-negative coccal infection - preparations of the last generation.
Good efficacy in the treatment of chronic forms of bronchitis are shown by antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, tetracyclines, macrolides, etc.
Antibiotics for acute bronchitis
The causative agents of the acute form of bronchitis are mainly rhinovirus infections, respiratory-sentient viruses, influenza viruses, and the like. Bacterial pathogens of the disease are most often mycoplasmas, chlamydia. The culprits of acute bronchitis are viruses in 90% of cases, in the remaining 10% - bacteria. Also, acute bronchitis can develop as a result of prolonged exposure to poison gas or chemical compounds.
When acute form of bronchitis appears cough with the discharge of mucous sputum (sometimes with an admixture of pus), fever, weakness. In some patients, cough lasts about a month.
Antibiotics for bronchitis, which occurs in acute form, in most cases, use is undesirable, because the disease is most often caused by a viral infection, in which antibiotic therapy is ineffective. Treatment of bronchitis in acute form is mostly symptomatic (antipyretic, antitussive, vitamin preparations). If bronchitis has developed as a result of influenza virus, treatment is advisable to carry out antiviral drugs.
In some cases, the use of antibacterial drugs for bronchitis is still a necessity. First of all, these are people in old age and small children, since they have an increased risk of developing severe complications (exacerbation of chronic disease, pneumonia). Usually, in such cases, amoxicillin (500 mg three times a day), josamycin (500 mg three times a day), spiramycin (2 times a day for 3 million IU), erythromycin (500 mg four times a day) is prescribed in such cases.
Antibiotics for obstructive bronchitis
Obstructive bronchitis is accompanied by a dry obtrusive cough that lasts almost without stopping, usually arises, and after coughing, there is no relief. Cough often intensifies at night, thus preventing a person from resting, the first time the body temperature is not increased. The usual symptoms of the disease (weakness, headache, fever) are practically not observed. In most cases, dyspnea appears in the disease, difficulty breathing, small children often widen the wings of the nose when trying to breathe, while breathing noisy, with hissing sounds.
The course of obstructive bronchitis occurs in acute or chronic form. Diseases in the acute form are most often affected by children, chronic - adults and elderly people.
Antibiotics for bronchitis of the obstructive form are appointed after a bacterial infection is detected. The usual means used for treatment are fluoroquinolones, aminopenicillins, macrolides. With an exhausting cough that does not give the patient a full rest, an erespal is prescribed (usually one tablet twice a day).
Antibiotics for purulent bronchitis
The development of a purulent form of the disease usually occurs due to the initially incorrect treatment of the acute form of the disease. With bronchitis, sputum analysis is rarely prescribed for sensitivity, and in most cases, drugs with a wide spectrum of action are immediately prescribed. Usually this kind of treatment is effective. Together with antibiotics, thinner phlegm and antiallergic drugs are prescribed. A number of complications are caused by the viral nature of the disease, in this case, antibiotics for bronchitis are completely ineffective, since their effect does not apply to viruses. With such treatment, the disease progresses, and passes into a more severe form, most often into a purulent one. With purulent bronchitis, sputum appears with purulent impurities.
Treatment of the disease should be done after the mandatory determination of microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Good efficacy in the treatment of purulent forms of bronchitis show inhalation.
Natural antibiotics for bronchitis
Natural antibiotics in bronchitis are not able to completely replace drugs, but they can fully protect the body from of most infections, to strengthen immunity (in contrast to chemical), besides natural remedies do not destroy microflora in the intestine and do not provoke a dysbacteriosis.
For a long time people knew the products and plants that had anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties during treatment. One of the most famous strong antibiotics of natural origin is garlic. It well destroys viruses, bacteria, parasites, penetrating into our body. Garlic acts fatal to such bacteria as Styrmococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, diphtheria, tuberculosis. In total, garlic fights with 23 different bacteria.
Onion is also a widely known powerful natural antibiotic that helps stop the reproduction of sticks of dysentery, diphtheria, tuberculosis, streptococcal, staphylococcal infections. The aroma of onion helps cleanse the airways.
The root of horseradish contains lysozyme, which destroys the cellular structure of bacteria, thereby eliminating the infection.
Black radish acts destructively on cells of microorganisms. In combination with honey, it has a strong bactericidal effect. In addition, it helps to strengthen the defenses of the body, weakened by the disease.
Garnet has strong anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, since ancient times pomegranate was used to treat typhoid fever, salmonellosis, colitis, stomach diseases, non-healing wounds, dysentery, cholera, sore throat. Substances in the pomegranate function in the human body selectively, in contrast to chemicals, and destroy only pathogens.
Raspberry has long been known for its sweating, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal properties, besides, it has a good soothing effect. Raspberries are especially effective for diseases of the throat, bronchi, and the like.
Kalina has good bactericidal properties, successfully destroys various fungi, bacteria, viruses, and also increases immunity. But the viburnum can not be taken continuously, it is recommended as a prophylaxis of seasonal diseases (in the autumn-winter period).
In honey contains all important for our body trace elements. It helps to cope with various diseases, in particular caused by bacterial infections.
The composition of propolis is rich in essential oils, flavonoids, flavonoids, organic acids. Scientists have repeatedly argued that propolis is effective in fighting a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Propolis has no contraindications and side effects (except for individual intolerance), in addition, microorganisms do not develop resistance to it.
Aloe - a long-known medicinal plant, which is popular in our days. In scarlet, except for a multitude of trace elements, vitamins, etc., there is one substance that has a strong antiviral, antiseptic, antifungal effect. In addition, scarlet increases the body's defenses and helps cope with serious diseases.
Mumiye in its principle of action resembles propolis. Scientists have already been shown the presence in the mummy of an antibiotic, which is superior in strength to the effects of penicillin. The solution mummy destroys E. coli, staphylococcus and other pathogenic microorganisms. Take mummies should be a course of no more than 10 days, because there is a strong stimulating effect.
In the composition of chamomile is a large number of essential oils, which have a good anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect on the human body. Also in the composition of chamomile are various acids, glucose, carotene, which are very useful for human health. Modern science has recognized the chamomile as one of the few plants that help a person effectively combat gastrointestinal diseases, nervous disorders, colds, etc. Camomile is also a strong antiseptic and has expectorant properties.
Calendula has a wide variety of uses. Its antibacterial properties of calendula is due to the essential oil entering into its composition. Infusion and flowers of calendula is usually well tolerated by people prone to allergic reactions.
Sage is one of the strong natural antibiotics, which has antiseptic and antiviral properties. Sage has proven itself as an additional remedy in the treatment of diseases that cause various viral and bacterial infections. It is very effective against gram-positive microorganisms (enterococci, staphylococci, etc.).
Essential oils of plants such as sage, cloves, tea tree, fir, lavender, mint, etc. are natural antibiotics that destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi and inhibit the reproduction of microbes.
A good antibiotic for bronchitis
Antibiotics for bronchitis are used in several groups:
- aminopenicillins - act destructively on the walls of bacteria, thus causing the death of microorganisms. Of this group, amoxicillin is often prescribed. The human body does not have components that are similar in structure to the bacterial cell walls, so preparations of this group act solely on microbes and do not have a harmful effect on the body rights. But penicillin antibiotics are more likely than other drugs to provoke severe allergic reactions.
- macrolides - disrupt the production of protein in bacterial cells, as a result, bacteria lose their ability to reproduce. A wide spread of azithromycin, roxithromycin. If the nature of the disease is protracted, drugs of this group can be treated for a long time, without fear that the medicine will harm the body. This group of drugs can be used in childhood, during pregnancy and lactation.
- fluoroquinolones - break the DNA of bacteria, which leads to their death. Usually moxifloxacin, levofloxacin is prescribed. Preparations of this group show a good result in the treatment of various forms of bronchitis, but they are quite expensive. Fluoroquinolones have a wide spectrum of action (an order of magnitude greater than macrolides and aminopenicillins), therefore, with prolonged reception, the development of dysbacteriosis is provoked.
Antibiotics from which group is better, it is rather difficult to say. The drugs of the first line (ie those that the doctor appoints first) are penicillin antibiotics. With individual intolerance or expressed resistance of microorganisms to penicillins, second-line drugs - macrolides are used. If, for some reason, macrolide antibiotics are not effective in treating bronchitis, they switch to fluoroquinolones. Usually, treatment is limited to only three of the above groups of antibiotics, but in some cases, tetracyclines, cephalosporins can be used. In different clinical situations, a drug is selected that is optimally suited to specific conditions, taking into account the analyzes, the patient's condition and the severity of the disease.
Sumamed with bronchitis
Sumamed is used in the treatment of various infectious-inflammatory diseases. This drug belongs to the group of macrolides, it is well absorbed into the digestive tract, it has a good ability to penetrate into the blood and bacteria cells. In particular, the preparation penetrates into the cells responsible for immunity, which contributes to its rapid entry into the focus of the infection, where it destroys the causative agents of the disease. In the focus of inflammation, a sufficiently high concentration of the drug is observed, for a long time, not less than three days, which reduced the course of treatment. Sumamed is prescribed a course three days once a day (500 mg), an hour before meals or two hours later. This antibiotic is active against a large number of pathogens of the upper respiratory tract, ENT organs, soft tissues and skin, joints, bones, as well as against ureaplasma, mycoplasmal, chlamydial infections, which are difficult to cope with treatment.
Antibiotics for bronchitis should be prescribed only after preliminary examination of excreta (sputum) on the sensitivity of bacteria. However, in practice, antibacterial drugs with a broad spectrum of action, such as sumamed, are usually immediately prescribed, and if after the analysis it is established that the bacteria are insensitive to this type of antibiotic, the doctor changes it to another antibacterial a drug.
Usually sumamed by patients is well tolerated and does not cause side reactions if all the necessary admission rules are followed. However, adverse reactions still occur in rare cases (as with any other medication): nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. In the intestine, irritation is not caused by the drug itself, but by a conditionally pathogenic microflora inhabiting the intestine of a person who begins an active life after the destruction of a beneficial microflora. Also intensify the activity of Candida fungus, which threatens the development of candidomycosis (thrush) of the oral cavity, intestines, genital organs and other mucous membranes. Also, Sumamed can disrupt the liver, nervous system (lethargy, insomnia, dizziness, increased excitability, etc.).
In general, sumamed is an effective drug that must be applied correctly and accurately.
Augmentin with bronchitis
Augmentin inhibits the growth of bacteria and acts destructively on microorganisms. The drug refers to the semisynthetic antibiotics of the aminopenicillin group, contains clavulanic acid, which enhances the action of the basic substance. Antibiotic preparation is made in the form of injections, drops, tablets, powder for suspensions. Due to a wide spectrum of action, the drug is used in the treatment of most inflammatory infections caused by bacteria that do not develop resistance to penicillins. Despite the fact that augmentin refers to penicillin antibiotics, its effect on microorganisms is enhanced by clavulanic acid, which blocks the action of beta-lactamase, produced by microorganisms to suppress activity penicillins. As a result, augmentin is effective against a greater number of bacteria than other antibiotics in the bronchitis of the penicillin group.
Adverse reactions in the treatment of augmentin develop quite rarely, in some cases, the emergence of dysbiosis, violations of the liver, nausea, urticaria. Very rarely can anaphylactic shock occur. Do not prescribe augmentin for individual intolerance to penicillins, with hepatic or renal failure, during pregnancy (especially in the first trimester).
The dosage of the drug depends on the patient's condition, the individual sensitivity of the microflora, the age of the patient. For young children (up to a year), the drug is prescribed three times in the form of drops per day for 0, 75 or 1, 25ml. In severe cases, intravenous injections are given every 8 hours. Children 7 - 12 years are prescribed a drug in the form of a syrup or suspension of 5 ml 3 times a day. Children over 12 years of age and adults with a mild and moderate course of the disease are recommended to take the drug three times in the form of tablets per day (by, 75 mg). In severe bronchitis it is recommended to take three times a day, 25 mg (2 tablets). If the hepatic function, the individual dosage of the drug is determined by the attending physician.
Amoxiclav in bronchitis
Amoxiclav is a combined preparation with a wide spectrum of action, it acts perniciously on the majority of microorganisms-pathogens of infectious diseases. Produced by the drug, like many other antibiotics for bronchitis in various forms: tablets, injections, drops and suspensions. The dosage of the drug depends on the age, body weight, severity of the disease. The recommended dose for an adult is 1 tablet three times a day.
Amoxiclav contains an antibiotic of the penicillin series (amoxicillin) and clavulanic acid, which also has a slight antibacterial effect. Due to this, the drug is effective against bacteria that are resistant to penicillin.
Amoxiclav is well absorbed into the digestive tract, penetrates into the blood, from which it enters various tissues, and it also has the ability to penetrate the placenta. The drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys, decomposing into metabolic products. Usually the drug is well tolerated by patients and has virtually no contraindications. You can not use amoxiclav for individual intolerance, violations of the liver, with lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, in children under 12 years (in the form of tablets). After taking the drug in some cases, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and headaches may occur, rarely convulsions appear. Also, the drug has the ability to reduce the defenses of the body.
New generation antibiotics for bronchitis
Antibiotics for bronchitis are usually prescribed with a wide range of effects, although the choice of drugs should depend on the results of a laboratory study of sputum. The best way to treat the disease will be that which has a disastrous effect directly on the causative agent of the disease. This approach to treatment is due to the fact that laboratory analysis takes quite a long time (3-5 days), and treatment should be started as early as possible in order to avoid complications.
In bronchitis, the following groups of antibacterial drugs are used:
- penicillins - the composition includes penicillin and substances that enhance their effect. Penicillin drugs have been used in medicine for quite some time. During this period, microorganisms acquired resistance to the action of penicillin, so it became necessary to strengthen the drugs special substances that will block the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms to reduce activity penicillin. Currently, the most effective antibacterial drugs of the penicillin series are panclav, amoxiclav, augmentin.
- macrolides - are usually prescribed when there is an individual penicillin intolerance. Today, erythromycin and clarithromycin are widely used for the treatment of bronchitis.
- Cephalosporins are usually prescribed for obstructive forms of the disease. Modern effective drugs are ceftriaxone, cefuroxime.
- fluoroquinolones - are commonly used in the treatment of bronchitis in chronic form in the stage of exacerbation, it is recommended to begin treatment from the first days. Today, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin are of great efficacy.
The effectiveness of an antibiotic is determined after a laboratory test for the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora.
How to cure bronchitis without antibiotics?
Bronchitis is a widespread disease of the respiratory tract, so there are many recipes of folk medicine that help effectively fight against viruses and bacteria. Antibiotics for bronchitis are usually appointed in case of detection of a bacterial infection. In other cases, treatment with such drugs will harm the body more.
The most first aid to man in the fight against diseases are the well-known products: onions and garlic. Their action has been known to people for a long time. For the treatment of bronchitis, tincture of onions with honey was widely used. To make a medicine, grate the onion, then add the honey (1 part of honey and 3 parts of onions) to it. Take such a drug you need about three times a day for a tablespoon, after 20-25 minutes a field of food.
Also, the sweetly baked bulb is effectively helped to fight the diseases of the respiratory tract according to the old French recipe. For cooking, you need to remove the core from the half-cut bulb and pour a teaspoon of sugar into the cavity, bake in the oven at 150 degrees to caramelize the sugar.
A debilitating cough will help to defeat milk with sage. A glass of milk will require a tablespoon of herbs, the broth should be boiled for about 10 minutes. Then the mixture is filtered and taken in a warm form in half a cup. The broth should be drunk in small sips.
A good hot drink helps in the fight against bronchitis: tea with the addition of honey, viburnum or raspberry, in which there is a lot of vitamin C to maintain immunity. Certainly you need to consume more citrus (lemon, grapefruit). Good anti-inflammatory and supporting the body properties are decoctions of linden, mint, pine buds. A decoction from a mixture of plantain, licorice root, violet, mother-and-stepmother (mixed in equal amounts, then a tablespoon is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, brought to a boil and boiled for 20 minutes slowly fire). The broth is taken about six times a day for 5 tbsp. spoons.
In addition to broths, various inhalations have good efficacy in the treatment of bronchitis, after which dry mucous moisturizes, calms down, coughs die, directly in the hearth inflammation. Inhalations can be carried out with the addition of various essential oils (fir, pine, eucalyptus).
Antibiotics for bronchitis help cope with a disease that is of bacterial origin, i.e. is caused by the activity in the bronchi of various bacteria. With viral bronchitis (for colds, flu), antibiotics are prescribed only in extreme cases, when the disease threatens with severe complications, there is a risk of developing a bacterial infection, etc. Bronchitis with the right approach to treatment is cured within two weeks. To prevent the disease from turning into a heavier form, it is necessary to comply with bed rest, drink enough liquid (mainly teas with the addition of raspberry jam, viburnum, honey, as well as herbal decoctions of mint, linden, chamomile and etc.).
ilive.com.ua
Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults: names of tablets for treatment
Bronchitis is a dangerous and common disease that can develop at any age.
This disease is characterized by an inflammatory process that occurs in the bronchial mucosa. Characteristic symptoms of bronchitis:
- temperature increase;
- cough;
- hard breath.
When should antibiotics be used for bronchitis?
Despite the fact that bronchitis in adults develops quite often, there is no specific treatment plan for this disease. In this case, the most urgent issue is how much it is necessary to take modern antibacterial drugs of a new generation and a broad spectrum of action.
Bronchitis develops when the viruses get into the bronchi. Therefore, if treated with antibacterial agents, it will be ineffective.
In addition, antibiotics from bronchitis in adults can cause the opposite effect:
- dysbiosis;
- depression of the immune system;
- allergic reaction;
- development of resistance to drugs.
Consequently, there is no single answer. After all, to treat the symptoms of chronic or acute bronchitis with antibacterial therapy should only be a doctor.
However, in 10% of cases with bronchitis should take antibacterial tablets of a new generation. But what situations indicate the need for antibiotic treatment?So, to get rid of fever and cough with bronchitis patients aged 60 years or older should definitely drink Augmentin or Azithromycin. Immunity of an elderly patient can not quickly overcome the infection, which can lead to complications, including pneumonia, in obstructive bronchitis.
Another new generation of antibiotics is needed if the symptoms do not last 30-40 days. This indicates that the body can not overcome the infection on its own.
In chronic obstructive bronchitis, which often develops in smokers, during the exacerbation of the disease the patient's condition worsens severely. So, there are such symptoms as:
- heat;
- coughing;
- hyperhidrosis;
- the discharge of purulent sputum with blood;
- malaise.
In this case, the patient should drink antibacterial drugs of a new generation of a wide spectrum of action. These include drugs such as Augmentin and Azithromycin.
Allergic manifestations contribute to the appearance of bronchial asthma, as a result of which frequent attacks of suffocation develop. Patients who have infectious-dependent bronchial asthma should take antibacterial pills at an early stage of the disease. This will help prevent the development of allergies and destroy pathogens.
An antibiotic from bronchitis is often prescribed if the disease is chemical and is formed due to the influence of aggressive substances that enter the body after inhalation. Such substances may be alkali or acid pairs.
If the mucous membrane of the bronchi is damaged, a high probability of bacterial infection joining appears. Therefore, in this case it is advisable to carry out treatment with the help of antimicrobial agents.
If acute bronchitis is complicated by the appearance of a cough with the release of sputum with purulent impurities, and in the analysis the presence of inflammation, a high rate of ESR and leukemia, then the best and most effective method of treatment is antibacterial therapy.
Mycoplasmal and chlamydial bronchitis, which appear with an exhausted immune system and last for a long time, is quite difficult to treat.
Therefore, it is best to take broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs, such as Augmentin or Azithromycin.
Specificity of the effects of antibiotics on the body and their varieties
In pharmacology, antibiotics are drugs that can help localize tumors, fungi and bacteria, or rather, stop the process of their growth and reproduction. The chemical structure and mechanism of action vary considerably. Therefore, in order to get rid of a particular disease, it is necessary to take a certain antibiotic for bronchitis.Therefore, the treatment of different types of bronchitis implies the use of antibacterial drugs belonging to different groups. So, what antibiotics of the new generation is better for drinking with different forms of bronchitis?
There are such groups of antibiotics:
- Aminopenicillins;
- Macrolides;
- Cephalosporins;
- Fluoroquinolones.
Aminopenicillins have a destructive effect on the walls of bacteria, resulting in microorganisms perishing. Since in the human body there are no components whose structure is similar to the bacterial cell membranes, antibiotic funds belonging to this group have an impact only on pathogens, without harming their health rights. It should be noted that penicillins, such as Augmentin, very often provoke the occurrence of allergic manifestations.
Macrolides upset the process of protein synthesis in microbial cells, resulting in the bacteria stop multiplying. Such antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are prescribed if the disease is long and difficult. Usually, macrolides such as Azithromycin are indicated if the patient does not have any allergies to penicillin drugs.
Fluoroquinolones have a destructive effect on the DNA of microbes, which leads to their death. These are antibiotics from bronchitis and pneumonia, which have a wide spectrum of action. However, if you take such drugs for a long time, it will lead to the appearance of a dysbiosis.
Cephalosporins inhibit the production of a substance that is the basis of the cell membrane of microbes. These antibiotics affect the constantly growing bacteria, so they stop multiplying.
However, Cephalosporins cause an allergic reaction, but to a lesser extent than penicillins.
What antibiotics are better for drinking with a certain type of bronchitis?
What kind of antibacterial strong drug is needed to treat a particular type of bronchitis can only be said by a doctor. The most effective antibiotics for bronchitis and pneumonia are drugs, the causative agent of the disease will be most sensitive to the active substance. So, below is a list of drugs used for bronchial cough.Acute bronchitis is not accepted to treat with antibacterial therapy in the early days of the disease. In this case, modern antibiotics from a broad spectrum of bronchitis are prescribed if there is a risk of complications.
As a rule, you should take a new generation of drugs, such as Erythromycin, Spiramycin and Amoxicillin. And the cost of the last means ranges from 18 to 70 rubles.
Treatment of chronic bronchitis is carried out with the help of drugs belonging to the penicillin group. So, the list of antibiotics that help get rid of cough in the chronic form of the disease is as follows:
- Flemoklav (the price is from 378 to 876 rubles);
- Amoxicillin (approximately 360 rubles);
- Arlet (293-506 rubles);
- Augmentin (about 320 rubles);
- Amoxiclav (380-880 rubles).
In addition, with chronic bronchitis, some new-generation macrolides may be prescribed: Azithromycin and Rovamycin (110-270 rubles).
In the treatment of elderly patients, antibiotics from bronchitis play an important role. So, first of all, drugs such as Azithromycin, Flemoxin, Hemomycin (up to 300 rubles) and Rovamycin can be used first.
Secondary treatment consists in receiving funds belonging to the cephalosporin group:
- Ceftriaxone (26-30 r.);
- Cefazolin (30 p.);
- Cefepime (380-400 rubles);
- Supraks (390 rubles).
Such antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are prescribed if the degree of the disease is mild or moderate. So, these forms of the disease are treated by injections.
Sometimes, complex treatment is performed, in which the tablets are combined with injections (for example, Azithromycin in injections and Augmentin in tablets). However, if antimicrobials are prescribed, when there is no preliminary analysis of sputum, then the doctor prescribes a new generation of a wide spectrum of action.
In obstructive bronchitis, Augmentin and Azithromycin are shown when a bacterial infection has been detected. As a rule, cough treatment is carried out with medicines belonging to aminopenicillins, macrolides and fluoroquinols. The list of preparations is as follows:
- Sumamed (270 - 730 rubles);
- Augmentin (100 - 700 rubles);
- Levofloxacin (from 73 rubles);
- Clarithromycin (170-550 r.);
- Clarithromycin (150 - 250 r.);
- Moxifloxacin (from 900 r.);
- Ciprofloxacin (10 - 40 p.);
- Erythromycin (from 900 rubles.).
Antibacterial therapy in pregnancy
Unfortunately, many women who are in the position, for various reasons, may develop bronchitis. Often the factors of its occurrence lie in reduced immunity. The initial symptoms of the disease are similar to the symptoms of a simple cold, but after a few days there is malaise, dry cough, temperature and sputum production.It is worth noting that during pregnancy, excretion of phlegm is difficult due to elevated position and reduced diaphragm mobility. But sputum stagnation in the bronchi is very harmful, since it increases the duration of the course of the disease.
In addition, the therapy of bronchitis in pregnancy is complicated by the fact that taking antibiotics, however, like other drugs is undesirable, in particular, at the beginning of pregnancy. So, what antimicrobial tablets can you drink during pregnancy? These can be drugs belonging to the penicillin group, whose name is as follows:
- Flemoxin;
- Amoxicillin;
- Augmentin;
- Penicillin.
These antibiotics from bronchitis in adults during pregnancy are most harmless, since they do not have a negative effect on the fetus. In the second half of the course of pregnancy antimicrobial agents of the cephalosporin group may be prescribed. But fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines can not be categorically prescribed.
Acute bronchitis in pregnancy is treated with Bioparox. It is an antibiotic with a local effect, which is used for inhalation in bronchitis.
Due to this method of treatment, the possibility of drug penetration through the placenta is excluded.
Specificity of antibiotic use
There are certain recommendations regarding the intake of antibacterial agents. So, the course of therapy with these medications can not be interrupted, and its duration should be exactly the same as prescribed by the doctor.If the state of health improved on the fifth day of treatment, and the doctor prescribed a seven-day course, then therapy can still not be stopped. In the opposite case, bacteria, which are provocateurs of the disease, will acquire resistance to this disease.
And to drink new generation drugs from cough, such as Augmentin and Azithromycin, follows the time, adhering to the recommendations specified in the instruction attached to the funds. Holding pauses is an important measure by which you can constantly maintain a certain level of drug in the blood.
However, it is important to monitor the effect that occurs after the use of the drug. So, when after two days, if there has been no improvement, then the medicine needs to be replaced, because, most likely it does not affect this type of bacteria.
What is bronchitis, and how to treat it in the video in this article will tell a specialist.
stopgripp.ru
Antibiotics for bronchitis
Not all specialists are sure that the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics is necessary. Doctors believe that it is possible to take drugs of this kind in order to get rid of tracheitis or bronchitis only in exceptional cases.
Why rarely use antibiotics?
The most common pathogens of acute bronchitis are viruses, against which antibiotics are ineffective.If you take these drugs yourself, without objective evidence, then they will only do harm instead of good. For example, antibiotics can cause allergies, as well as dysbiosis.
Pathogenic microorganisms are gradually getting used to the antibiotic that a sick person is taking, and stop responding to it. Because of this, doctors, if the patient again needs antibiotic therapy in the future, it will be difficult to find a suitable effective drug.
In the preventive use of antibiotics there is no sense, since they do not affect the process of recovery, but rather inhibit it, causing side effects. Scientists believe that many antibacterial drugs, including such ones known as tetracycline and Penicillin, have a non-core immunosuppressive effect on the human body, in other words, reduce immunity.
In order to correctly select an antibiotic, it is necessary to determine the causative agent of bronchitis, as well as to identify to which medications it is sensitive. For this, sputum is planted, but it takes a long time to perform such an investigation, but it is not always available. Therefore, in most cases, drugs are selected empirically, based on knowledge of which pathogens cause bronchitis in a particular age group.
In what cases is antibiotic therapy indicated?
In some cases, effective treatment of bronchitis without the use of antibiotics is simply impossible. For example, in children less than a year old, bronchitis can occur as an inflammation of the small bronchi. With this form of the disease, sputum is poorly transmitted, which increases the risk of developing pneumonia. Therefore, children, whose age is less than a year, most often in the first days of the disease are treated with antibiotics.
In children older than one year, as well as in adults, for the treatment of acute bronchitis, antibiotics are used when one or more of the following symptoms are present:
- temperature above 38 degrees, which lasts more than three days;
- marked intoxication;
- shortness of breath in the absence of bronchial obstruction (in children aged 0 to 2 months - more than 60 respiratory movements per minute, in children from 3 to 12 months - from 50, and in children from 1 to 3 years - from 40);
- wheezing breathing or pulling in of compliant places of the chest in the absence of bronchial obstruction;
- if a laboratory blood test showed leukocytosis (more than 12 thousand. leukocytes in 1 μl), shift of the leukocyte formula to the left and ESR above 20 mm / h.
To treat acute bronchitis, antibiotics are rarely prescribed, only if there are changes hemograms, indicating the presence of inflammation, foci of bacterial infection, or the disease took a long flow. Most often use Azithromycin or any drugs from the group of macrolides.
If the patient suffers from obstructive bronchitis, then antibiotic treatment is given to him in the presence of such accompanying bacterial infections as acute otitis or pneumonia. The patient is prescribed Azithromycin or drugs belonging to the group of macrolides (for example, Rulid). Treatment with antibiotics is also carried out with exacerbation of chronic purulent bronchitis. The course of treatment can last from 7 to 14 days, depending on the severity of the patient's condition.
Modern antibiotics against bronchitis
Usually for treatment of both acute and chronic bronchitis antibacterial drugs of a wide spectrum of action are used. Of course, the action of the drug should be directed directly at the causative agent of the disease, but in order to detect it, sputum culture must be carried out. Bacteria grow on a nutrient medium from 5 days to 2 weeks, so doctors prescribe medicines without waiting for the results of this study.Quite often penicillins are used, which consist not only of penicillin itself, but also of a special substance that enhances its effect. Since penicillin has long been used by physicians, bacteria have become accustomed to it and have learned to develop special enzymes to fight it. In this case, the substances that make up the drugs come into contact with destructive enzymes, while antibiotics destroy the pathogenic bacteria.
To treat tracheitis and other respiratory infections, amoxicillin-based clavunate preparations, such as Amoxiclav, Augmentin, and Panclav, are best suited. The scheme of taking these medicines is determined by the doctor, depending on the age of the patient and his condition. Usually, these drugs are recommended to take every eight hours for 625 mg. Penicillins often cause allergies, because of which they have to be canceled.
If the patient does not tolerate penicillins, macrolides, for example, Clarithromycin or Erythromycin, may be prescribed. In obstructive bronchitis, cephalosporins are used: levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone (administered intravenously or intramuscularly).
Treatment with fluoroquinolones is carried out if the patient has signs of exacerbation of chronic bronchitis:
- increased shortness of breath;
- an increase in the amount of sputum and the appearance of pus in it.
Fluoroquinolones should be taken from the first days of exacerbation. The most commonly prescribed moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
Treatment of bronchitis rarely involves the use of antibiotics, because if the virus became the cause of the disease, it will recede after a week. Timely and adequate therapy with the use of expectorants, inhalations and physiotherapy simply will not allow to join the bacterial infection. Therefore, in order to avoid treatment with antibiotics, it is necessary to consult a qualified doctor when the first symptoms appear.
ingalin.ru
Antibiotics for bronchitis in children and adults
Bronchitis is a common disease that in recent years has been chronic in the population, and the signs of bronchitis in adults vary and depend on many factors.
Before the treatment of bronchitis it is necessary to find out the cause that caused the disease. Unfortunately, antibiotics for adults are prescribed empirically in adults, and in some states their purpose is completely inappropriate.
It is known that bronchitis without antibiotics is easily treated if the inflammation has a viral origin, since the virus is not treated with antibacterial agents.
If you take antibiotics during ARVI - this only interferes with the body's defense mechanisms to fight the virus, they depress immune system, lead to the development of dysbacteriosis, allergies, develop the resistance of microorganisms to the drug drug.
Depending on the type of bronchitis the doctor is prescribed the appropriate treatment:
Types of bronchitis
- Acute bronchitis
It is an inflammatory process in the bronchi that occurs most often against the background of Orvi, the flu. With a normal immune response, the body can cope with the virus and in this case antibiotics are not shown. But with the accession of a bacterial infection - pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci, with a severe course of acute bronchitis without antibiotics is indispensable. Symptoms of acute bronchitis: purulent sputum (yellow or green) with a strong cough, temperature 3, -3, C, chest pain. The doctor prescribes expectorants, mucolytic agents for improving the excretion of sputum (bromhexine, lazolvan, chest collection), showing inhalation. With a dry, painful, unproductive cough, the anticancer preparations are shown (Sinekod, Libexin). Well helps therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy, vibrating massage. With timely and adequate treatment, the disease passes quickly, residual phenomena in the form of a cough may persist for 3-4 weeks after the illness.
- Chronical bronchitis
If the number of days of illness in two years exceeds three months, such bronchitis is considered chronic. It is distinguished by the presence of a strong cough with mucus. This can be due to smoking (see. lung cancer and smoking), occupational hazard, allergic reaction and respiratory tract infections.
Separately stands out atypical forms of bronchitis. Mycoplasmal and chlamydial bronchitis are special types of inflammation of the bronchi and lungs, which are caused by such atypical pathogens as chlamydia and mycoplasma. Recently, these bronchitis have become more often diagnosed. Mycoplasmal and chlamydial bronchitis and pneumonia develop slowly, are accompanied by intoxication, have a recurrent and protracted nature, are difficult to treat. In patients other than cough, there is a high body temperature, chills, muscle aches.
Which antibiotic is better
The table provides a choice of treatment depending on the type of bronchitis:
| Types of bronchitis | additional characteristics | Treatment choice |
| Acute bronchitis | Viral etiology | Expectorants, Inhalation Bed rest Abundant drink Bronchitis without antibiotics |
| Chronic uncomplicated bronchitis | Less than 4 exacerbations per year | Aminopenicillins Macrolides |
| Chronic complicated bronchitis | More than 4 relapses per year, the patient's age is more than 65 years | Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav Cephalosporins Macrolides |
| Chronic bronchitis with concomitant diseases | The presence of chronic diseases, diabetes, kidney, heart failure | Fluoroquinolones (in resistant flora, contraindicated in children) |
| Chlamydia bronchitis | It develops in children and in adults with weakened immunity | Tetracyclines Macrolides Fluoroquinolones |
| Mycoplasma bronchitis | It develops in children and in adults with weakened immunity | Macrolides |
- Aminopenicillins - first-line drugs
- Macrolides - second-line drugs
Azithromycin (Sumamed price 540-560 rub. Azithromycin, Azitrox, Hemomycin, Z-factor, Azitrus 140 rub., Azicid, Azitral), Midekamycin (Macropen price 220-230 rubles.). Violate the production of protein in the cells of bacteria, so the microbes stop multiplying.
- Fluoroquinolones - appointed with inefficiency, allergic reactions to the first 2 rows
Levofloxacin (price 430-670 rub.), Ofloksatsin (price 30 - 170 rubles.), Moxifloxacin (Avelox price 1100-1200 rub.). Quite expensive drugs, refer to antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, are contraindicated to children, cause dysbacteriosis, are considered to be preparations of the reserve.
- Cephalosporins
Cefazolin (10-12 rubles a bottle for 1 injection), Ceftriaxone (17-50 rubles per bottle for 1 in.), Cefalexin (capsules 40-50 rubles. for 16 pcs.), Cefixim (Suprax, Panzef, Ixim).
What is the best antibiotic for bronchitis?
This is the one to which the causative agent of the disease is most sensitive. How to determine this, and what antibiotics to drink with bronchitis? The most correct choice of a drug will be after the result of bacterial culture of phlegm on sensitivity to antibacterial agents. The disadvantage of such an analysis is the duration of the result, as well as the fact that the analysis is not done because of savings in reagents or lack of laboratories. Most often, the doctor prescribes a broad spectrum antibiotic according to the standard of treatment.
Antibiotics for children
The use of antimicrobial agents in children with colds is unacceptable, their administration is justified only in case of complication development:
- This may be the case when after the flu virus, ARVI after 4-5 days, the deterioration of the general condition of the child, the rise of high fever, a wet cough with purulent sputum. In this case, call a doctor.
- The safest and most effective drugs that can be prescribed for children are aminopenicillins and macrolides. Cephalosporins and macrolides are prescribed if there is an allergy to penicillins.
- During and after taking antibiotics, the child should take probiotic drugs in between using antibiotics, and after end of the course of treatment to continue the use of Bifiform, Rio Flora Immuno, Acipola, Bifidumbacterin, Linex for another 2-4 weeks (cm. a complete list of probiotics, analogues of Linesque).
The main rules for taking antibiotics
- Continuity of the course of treatment. The doctor evaluates the patient's condition and determines the duration of therapy, usually enough 5-7 days, with macrolide treatment - 5 days.
- Take exactly the time. It is necessary to observe the frequency of reception and maintain the same time intervals (24, 12, 8, 6 hours), that is, if an antibiotic is prescribed 3 times a day, then it is taken every 8 hours. This is necessary to maintain a constant concentration of the drug in the blood. Some antibiotics should be drunk 1 time per day (every 24 hours), others 2 (every 12 hours), some three (8 hours).
- Monitor the effect of the antibiotic. If there is no improvement within 72 hours, then the causative agent to this antibacterial agent is stable and should be changed.
- Continue treatment 2-3 days after the obvious improvement, recovery (see, for example, 11 rules for the correct intake of antibiotics).
For any malaise, cough, temperature, always consult a doctor. Distinguish manifestations of diseases, differentiate the disease, which drug should be chosen better for bronchitis and how to correctly take it, only a specialist can do it. Trust doctors, then you will not have to deal with the situation of complications from untimely or incorrect treatment, as well as with unreasonable intake of medications.
zdravotvet.ru
Antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action of new generation: the list of tablets and nyxes
Among all drugs, antibiotics take a special place. If such medicines are of the last generation, they are detrimental to many microbes.
Modern antibiotics are applicable for the treatment of infectious diseases, which has allowed to reduce cases of lethal outcomes from pneumonia.
Thanks to antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, the course of the ailments is facilitated, the recovery is accelerated. They are simply irreplaceable in the treatment of bronchitis, sinusitis, and a number of complex surgical interventions. Even wound infections perfectly respond to treatment with an antibiotic.
Names of effective medicines
Antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are active in relation to microorganisms:
- Gram-positive (provoke wound infections, mediate the onset of postoperative complications);
- Gram-negative (pathogens of the inflammatory process in the respiratory, genitourinary, intestinal diseases).
Metronidazole is a class analog of Tinidazole. It so affects the microbes, however, it can not be administered parenterally.
In general, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of all generations are represented thus:
- Dioxydin;
- natural penicillins;
- antisseinemic penicillins (here also include inhibitor-protected);
- inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins;
- Rifampicin;
- macrolides;
- group of aminoglycosides;
- antibiotics of tetracycline;
- cephalosporins 3 generations, cephalosporins 4 generations;
- a number of carbapenems;
- chloramphenicol;
- phosphomycin;
- sulfonamides;
- antibiotics of the nitroimidazole series;
- fluoroquinolones, quinolones;
- group of nitrofurans.
In the proposed list there are no names of antibiotics of a narrow spectrum of effects. They may be specific for certain microorganisms and are effective only against them.
Narrow spectrum drugs are not applicable for superinfection therapy. They are used as an antibiotic in the first row only with a precise pathogen.
Means of the latest generation
The aforementioned means are referred to broad spectrum drugs. This is a complete list of substances that have a high degree of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive microbes. And the list includes both antibiotics of previous generations, and the newest strong medicines.
Among the representatives of the latest generation of antimicrobials called by the representatives will be (names):
- aminopenicillins resistant to beta-lactamase (Clavulanate, Sulbactam, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin);
- cephalosporins 3 and 4 generations (Cefotaxime, Tsefpyrom, Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefepime);
- 3-generation aminoglycoside agents (Amikacin, Netilmicin);
- 14- and 15-membered semisynthetic macrolides (Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, Azithromycin);
- 16-membered natural macrolide agents (Meidekamycin);
- fluoroquinolones of 3 and 4 generations (Trovafloxacin, Levofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Moxifloxacin);
- carbapenems (Imipinem-cilastatin, Meropenem, Ertapenem);
- Nitrofurans (furazidine, Nitrofurantoin, Ersefuril).
Protected antisignagic penicillins are characterized by a wide range of effects, but are only applicable against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is necessary to reduce the risk of contact with the rod and powerful modern antibiotics. What is important for preventing the development of drug resistance of bacteria.
Tazobactam is the most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Slightly less often appointed Clavulanate, Piperacillin. They are suitable for the treatment of pneumonia caused by a hospital strain of the virus.Still on the list are the funds of the last generation, belonging to the group of natural antistaphylococcal penicillins. They are not used for outpatient treatment because of the need for frequent intramuscular or intravenous administration. Today, there is no possibility to take such penicillins in the form of tablets. There are only injections.
A similar situation with cephalosporins. They are similar in the activity spectrum to antistaphylococcal penicillins, but are not used orally because of destruction in the patient's stomach.
With pneumonia, the most effective antibiotics for parenteral administration are:
- penicillins;
- cephalosporins.
Pharmacists have achieved success in developing the medicamentous form of their enteral use. The results of the study are not yet applied in practice.
What is the treatment for children and pregnant women?
Considering the broad-spectrum antibiotics permitted for the treatment of children, the list is substantially narrowed. In childhood, only drugs from the group can be used:
- aminopenicillin (Clavulanate, Amoxicillin);
- macrolides (Midekamycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin);
- cephalosporins (Cefepime, Ceftriaxone).
The antibiotics of fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, nitrofurans are forbidden because of their harmful effects on the growth of bones, liver and kidneys of the child.
Systemic nitrofurans can not be used because of the lack of confirmed safety data for such therapy. An exception to the rule was Furacilin, suitable for treating wounds locally.
The remaining groups of agents against pathogenic microorganisms are not desirable. They are toxic and adversely affect the growth and development of the skeleton.
There are limitations for the treatment of pregnant women. They are allowed to take only a few antibiotics of the latest generation. Such drugs belong to category A and B. This means that the risk of therapy is not confirmed or there is no teratogenic effect in the experiments on animals.All substances with an unproven effect on the unborn child, the presence of toxic effects can be taken only in exceptional cases. Usually they are prescribed with the prevalence of the expected therapeutic effect over the side effect (categories of antibiotics C, D).
The funds belonging to category X are characterized by a proven teratogenic effect on fetal development. If there is an urgent need for treatment with such drugs, the doctor will recommend to terminate the pregnancy.
During the gestation of a child, the woman will be offered antibiotics of a wide range of action only of the last generation. The list of them is short:
- cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime);
- protected aminopenicillins (Amoclav, Amoxiclav).
Macrolides can be used for treatment only in the third trimester of pregnancy. Teratogenic effect from them is not fully understood and it is too early to say with certainty about its absence. This category includes Azithromycin, Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin, Midekamycin.
In addition, during pregnancy, it is permitted to use pills and injections of penicillin series, but in the absence of an allergic reaction to them.
Bronchitis, pneumonia
Practically all modern antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action can be useful for bronchitis and pneumonia. But provided that their pharmacokinetic characteristics are suitable for this. Optimal schemes for the treatment of such diseases have been developed.
They take into account successful combinations of antibiotics in order to maximally cover microbial strains. Bronchodilators are also widely used.
It is irrational for inflammation of the respiratory organs to treat with sulfonamides, nitroimidazole, nitrofurans. The most effective option for bronchitis will be the use of protected aminopenicillins with macrolides, for example, Amoclav with Azithromycin.
With prolonged bronchitis, the appointment of cephalosporin instead of aminopenicillin - Ceftriaxone with Azithromycin. If this scheme is applied, macrolides can be replaced by another class analog:
- Meadecamycin;
- Roxithromycin;
- Clarithromycin.
The criterion for the effectiveness of treatment will be the appearance of a cough with a more pure exudate, relief of fever symptoms. There is a weakening of shortness of breath, an improvement in appetite, a reduction in the frequency of urge to cough.
Pneumonia of mild degree of the disease is treated according to the principle of bronchitis, but cephalosporin with macrolides is used. For pneumonia of moderate severity or severe, which is caused by out-of-hospital infection, it is proposed to apply:
- ceftriaxone (Cefepime, Ceftriaxone);
- Fluoroquinolone (Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin).
These drugs are representatives of the latest generation of antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. They perfectly oppress the microflora, the patient will feel the result of treatment already on the second day after the beginning of therapy.
Such drugs in pneumonia suppress the life of the pathogen of the inflammatory process (bacteriostatics) or kill it (bactericidal drugs).
Combined variants of broad-spectrum antibiotic pursue the goal of increasing activity, but at the same time fully comply with the basic rule of overlap: one bacteriostatic drug for one bactericidal.
Treatment of severe pulmonary inflammation and distress syndrome against the background of general intoxication occurs in conditions of intensive therapy. Severe conditions in this case are caused by a pathogenic microflora, resistant to the bulk of antimicrobial medicines.
In this situation, carbapenems are required:
- Tienam;
- Meropenem;
- Imipinem-cilastatin.
These antibiotics are never used on an outpatient basis!
Angina, sinusitis, sinusitis
The broad-spectrum antibiotic for angina is prescribed for the same purposes. It should be noted that with tonsillitis or with sinusitis can be treated with the same drugs, but treatment of sinusitis has its own characteristics.The only difference is that with the inflammatory process in tonsils, antiseptics are also used, for example, the safest and cheapest option is Furacilin (from a number of nitrofurans).
With angina, aminopenicillins, additionally protected with clavulanic acid, sulbactam:
- Ospamox;
- Amoclav;
- Amoxiclav.
The recommended course of treatment in this case will be from 10 to 14 days.
For the destruction of microbes with sinusitis and sinusitis treatment with modern antibiotics of the latest generation is provided. With these diseases, only one bactericide is needed.
The difficulty of treating inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is to deliver the antibiotic to the site of inflammation. For this reason, physicians practice the use of cephalosporin series. For example, strong modern Ceftriaxone or Cefepime will be effective.
Sometimes fluoroquinolone of the fourth, third generation or Levofloxacin may be prescribed.
Pyelonephritis, infections of the genitourinary system
Because of the dissemination of urinary tract pathogenic microorganisms in pyelonephritis can not do without antibiotics a wide range. The maximum therapeutic value in this case is:
- cephalosporins;
- fluoroquinolones;
- nitrofurans.
Cephalosporins are recommended for relatively light inflammatory processes in the kidneys. Fluoroquinolones are required if the condition deteriorates against the background of the treatment. The list of such drugs: Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin.
A good agent, suitable for monotherapy and combined treatment with Ceftriaxone are representatives of nitrofurans. Nalidixic acid is used with equal efficiency. It creates increased concentrations in the urine and works actively against genitourinary infections.
Often, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used in gynecology. When gardnerellosis and dysbacteriosis of the vagina, the doctor appoints Metronidazole.
Every patient should know that even new generation antibiotics are means that kill not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also useful ones. Therefore, during antibiotic therapy, you should always take probiotics. They are usually sold in the form of tablets or powder. The price for them varies depending on the manufacturer.
How to properly take antibiotics for a cold in the video in this article will tell a specialist.
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Antibiotics for children with bronchitis: which ones to choose?
Bronchitis is one of the most common and serious respiratory diseases in children. Often doctors prescribe antibiotics for treatment. But this is not always justified. In most cases, bronchitis is caused by a viral infection or an allergic reaction. And antibiotics are needed to fight bacteria or other microorganisms. Unjustified prescription of such drugs can cause complications and harm the health of the child. Therefore, antibiotics should be used for children with bronchitis only after carrying out the necessary tests and determining the cause of the disease.
When it is necessary to prescribe antibacterial drugs
Antibiotics for children with bronchitis are prescribed in the presence of bacterial infection. Such preparations for viruses do not work and only worsen the state of the child, as they reduce immunity. And to determine the causative agent of the disease is possible only when analyzing sputum, which is not always done. Therefore, there are other signs that indicate the presence of bacteria in the child's body:
- more than 3 days the temperature is kept to 38 degrees;
- the child can hardly breathe, even in dyspnea;
- leaves a viscous greenish phlegm with impurities of pus;
- there are signs of intoxication;
- if the child is less than a year old.
In no case should you yourself give antibiotics for bronchitis for children 4 years and under. Only a doctor can decide whether such medications are necessary for the child.
How to apply antibiotics
The main rule for the use of such drugs is that they must be taken under strict medical supervision. Only a specialist can choose the right medicine and determine its dosage and duration of administration. And parents must comply with all of its regulations. In most cases, antibiotics for bronchitis for children 7 years and older are given in the form of tablets or capsules. But there are now such drugs and in the form of suspensions or syrup, which is more convenient for small children.
How correctly to apply antibiotics for children with bronchitis?
- Usually, such drugs are prescribed for a period of 5 to 7 days. If bronchitis occurs with complications and in chronic form, the reception time can be extended to 2 weeks. You can not stop taking your medication yourself earlier than this time, even if there is an improvement. Bacteria can develop resistance to the antibiotic.
- One of the features of the use of such drugs is the schedule of admission. Drink them must be strictly at regular intervals - 8, 12 or 24 hours. This is the only way to ensure a constant level of antibacterial substances in the blood.
- When prescribing an antibiotic for children, it is very important to determine the exact dosage. It depends on the age and body weight of the child.
- It is necessary to study the instruction to find out, before meals or after you need to take the drug.
What antibiotics are prescribed for children with bronchitis?
According to the rules, you can choose antibiotics for the treatment of bronchitis only after determining the pathogen. But most often, preparations of a broad spectrum of action are prescribed. According to the experience of doctors, the most sensitive pathogens of bronchitis to three types of antibiotics:
- penicillins - "Amoxicillin" Amoxiclav "Flemoxin solutab
- cephalosporins - "Ceftriaxone" Cefotaxime "Zinnat
- macrolides - "Macropen" Sumamed "Hemomycin".
The choice of the drug depends on the age of the child, the state of his health and the features of the course of the disease.
How to use antibiotics for bronchitis for children 3 years and younger
At this age, inflammation of the bronchi is very dangerous because of the features of the anatomy and physiology of the child. Much more often complications of bronchitis occur in babies. Small bronchi are clogged with phlegm, and it leaves very hard, which can cause the development of pneumonia. Therefore, in many cases, the treatment of this disease occurs in the hospital.
If there is a need to take antibacterial drugs, then at this age, many of them are contraindicated. In addition, antibiotics for bronchitis for children 1 year and younger are most commonly used as injections. In this way, the medicine acts faster. A doctor's observation in the treatment of antibiotics in children is necessary because these drugs often cause serious side effects. In young children, except for diarrhea and vomiting, there may be convulsions, faints and a change in the picture of blood.
Antibiotics of the penicillin group
These antibacterial drugs are active against most pathogens of bronchitis. But they have many side effects, most often cause allergic reactions or dysbiosis. Therefore, they should be taken together with vitamins C and B, as well as with probiotics to preserve the intestinal microflora. It should be taken into account that the drugs of the penicillin group are active against staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci, but ineffective against chlamydia and mycoplasmas, which may also be the cause bronchitis.
Of this group, antibiotics are often prescribed for bronchitis for children 10 years and under: "Amoxicillin" Flemoxin soluteba "Sulbactam Ospamox." Antibacterial action is marked by drugs containing amoxicillin with clavulanic acid: "Amoxiclav" Augmentin. "
Cephalosporins
Effectively, the bacteria are also killed by the antibiotics of the cephalosporin group: Zinnat Cefadox Loprax Suprax. They are used less often, mainly if the patient is intolerant of penicillins. They are also used in the complex therapy of complicated bronchitis. Most often prescribe to children several drugs.
- "Zinnat" is available in the form of granules for the preparation of a suspension. Applied for children from 3 months.
- "Supraks" - cephalosporin of the 3rd generation. The drug is prohibited for babies up to six months. Suspension should be given to a child 2-3 times a day.
- "Ceftriaxone" - a very effective drug that helps cope with inflammation in 3-4 days. But this antibiotic is produced in a solution for injections.
Macrolides
This group of drugs has recently been prescribed most often, since penicillins and cephalosporins cause disturbance of the intestinal microflora and other side effects. Macrolides do not have a toxic effect on the kidneys and intestines. In addition, they are active against a large number of microorganisms and penetrate deep into the cells. Therefore, they are considered more effective. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for bronchitis for children 5 years and older:
- "Rulid
- "Macropen
- "Azithromycin" and its imported analogue "Sumamed
- "Hemomycin".
Which antibiotic to choose
The safest and most effective drugs are those containing amoxicillin. But there are bacteria that mutated and became insensitive to the action of these drugs. Therefore, you need to choose such drugs from this group that contain clavulanate or sulbactam. On the package it should be written: "Amoxicillin + clavulanate." The most effective in this regard are modern drugs.
- "Amoxiclav" is a suspension that is used for children from 3 months. You need to give depending on the weight of the child 2 times a day. The drug has great efficacy against pathogens of bronchitis.
- "Flemoxin Solutab" - a drug based on amoxicillin, is shown to children from 1 month. Effectively removes inflammation.
- "Augmentin" is often prescribed for bronchitis. The combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid effectively destroys bacteria. Children are prescribed a drug in the form of a suspension.
Features of antibiotic treatment
The main thing that parents should know is that you can not give antibiotics yourself to a child without prescribing a doctor. In addition, with this treatment, you must follow several rules:
- if after 3 days of improvement does not occur or the child becomes worse, the drug should be canceled, but the doctor must do it;
- it is very important to observe the dosage prescribed by the doctor and not to miss the time of taking the medication;
- antibiotics disrupt the intestinal microflora, therefore simultaneously with them probiotics are appointed: "Linex" Normobakt "Bifiform
- with such treatment it is important to constantly monitor the reaction of the child and, if side effects occur, stop taking the medication and tell the pediatrician.
Antibiotics for children are prescribed by a specialist in severe bacterial infections. You can not choose your own medicine. These drugs are very serious drugs, often causing side effects.
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