Klebsiella pneumonia in the urine

Klebsiella in the urine

The presence in the urine analysis of Klebsiella indicates that infection of one of the parts of the body occurred. The bacterium in its life forms a pathogenic environment that has a negative effect on the state of human organs.

Than the Klebsiella is dangerous

At its core, Klebsiella is a bacterium that is constantly present in the body without presenting any danger. However, there are conditions under which a microorganism can harm a person. Normally, the bacterium is inside the intestine, if it is found in the analysis of urine, it is a pathology. A photo of a microorganism can be found on medical Internet portals. Specialists distinguish several species of these microbes. The most common among humans among them are:

• Klebsiella pneumaniae (Friedlander's wand), causes lung pathology;
• Klebsiella oxytoca (Klebsiella Oxytoca), promotes the development of bowel diseases.

When the human immune system is depressed or works with insufficient strength, the bacterium begins to multiply rapidly, leading to the formation of diseases:

• pneumonia - with the defeat of the respiratory system;
• pyelonephritis, prostatitis, cystitis - when exposed to the sexual and urinary system;
• gastroenteritis, colitis, gastritis - during the reproduction inside the digestive tract.

Uncontrolled development of the disease can lead to terrible consequences: sepsis and death. In addition to these systems, the wand often affects other parts of the human body. Often, foci of infection are the joints and cortex of the brain. Klebsiellosis adversely affects the immune system, so, after having been ill, a person can again be exposed to the disease after a while.

Causes of infection

Infectious klebsiella infection can be caused by a person infected with it. If the disease manifests itself as pneumonia, the transmission occurs through the air and fluids released by coughing or sneezing. You can get infected if you neglect the rules of hygiene. In this case the Klebsiella enters the intestine. Having eaten unwashed and untreated food, a person increases the risk of microorganism entering the digestive tract.

Acquired infection can be any category of persons, however there are those who risk especially strongly because of the weakened state of immunity:

• newborn babies and babies;
• people of advanced age;
• patients with chronic diseases or who have had organ transplant operations;
• chronic alcoholics.

Symptoms of the presence of bacteria in the analysis of urine

If the results of the urine sample reveal a large number of Klebsiella, there is a suspicion of an infection of one of the organs. The focus of infection is determined by matching with the symptoms of the disease and other tests. Klebsiella is often concentrated within certain organism systems:

• respiratory;
• urogenital;
• gastrointestinal tract.

Klebsiella at infants

In a urinalysis, the Klebsiella in a child should cause fear when the following symptoms are detected:

• the appearance of a stool of a liquid consistency with an admixture of mucus and an unpleasant odor of sour milk;
• constant regurgitation;
• education of colic;
• increased temperature;
• frequent occurrence of meteorisms;
• fever;
• pain in the abdomen.

Detection of the bacteria in the baby's urine is a rare case. A poor Klebsiella test may indicate an infection or result from the accidental ingestion of a microorganism. To finally determine the diagnosis, the urine study is repeated. The baby is examined for signs of pyelonephritis, if elevated temperature is recorded. Treatment for Klebsiella should be appointed by the doctor after comparing the results of all tests and studies.

Bacterium in the urine of adults

To determine the presence of Klebsiella inside the body, depending on the symptoms, the patient is assigned to the study:

• sowing urine for bacteriuria;
• bacterioscopy;
• serological studies.

Klebsiella in urine in adults may indicate lung tissue damage. In this case, there are symptoms:

• severe sweating;
• general weakness;
• chills;
• fever, accompanied by a rise in temperature to 39 degrees;
• attacks of dry cough, which are followed by the separation of purulent sputum, having an unpleasant odor and blood impurities;
• attacks of severe shortness of breath;
• when listening to the lungs, the doctor can detect rales of a dry nature.

Klebsiella in urine can point researchers to the pathology of the upper parts of the respiratory tract or on the mucous membrane of the nasal passages, the doctors note such symptoms:

• a feeling of nasal congestion, the appearance of abundant secretions that have a smell and a purulent structure;
• atrophy of the nasal mucosa;
• appearance of crusts on this fabric;
• sensation of throat swelling;
• cough, at which separation of mucous masses occurs;
• a secret of a purulent character that stands out from the nose.

Detection of Klebsiella in urine during diagnosis is a possible indicator that the activity of the microorganism provokes pathogenic changes in the intestine. In this case, the study of feces helps to establish an accurate diagnosis. Klebsiella in the intestine causes the following manifestations:

• pain in the stomach or abdomen;
• decreased appetite;
• bouts of heartburn and nausea;
• increased body temperature;
• liquid stool consistency, mucus and blood are included;
• enteritis or enterocolitis, having a sharp shape.

When a Klebsiella is found in the urine, the doctor may suspect a lesion of the excretory pathways. Such diseases bear certain signs:

• dull pain in the lower abdomen;
• painful urination;
• urine is excreted in small portions;
• the development of prostatitis, cystitis or pyelonephritis.

Klebsiella may appear during pregnancy. Analyzes with positive indices for bacteria of the form of oxytocin and pneumonia cause anxiety among medical workers, so they often have to be retaken. When the body is pregnant, the Klebsiella in the urine should not be, like other bacteria. Such an infection can adversely affect the protective mechanisms, the health of the mother and fetus, bring inflammation.

Treatment of Klebsiella with antibiotics

If suspected klebsiella infections will be assigned tests designed to identify the pathogen. While the study is being prepared, doctors prescribe antibiotic treatment for a wide range of effects. As the test results are obtained, the drug can be changed to a medicine that acts on a specific type of bacteria. For the treatment of Klebsiella infection, the following antibacterial drugs can be used:

• penicillins;
• tetracyclines;
• cephalosporins;
• aminoglycosides;
• fluoroquinolones.

When the rod of Friedlander is treated with probiotics

Detected in the urine of the rod of Friedlander is possible evidence of the presence of bacteria within various organ systems. If its accumulation and products of toxic activity affect the intestine, how treatment is prescribed for taking probiotics. The most common drugs in this group include:

• Linex;
• Bifidumbacterin;
• Acipol;
• Beefilong;
• Atzilact;
• Normoflorin;
• Bifiform.

How does a bacteriophage treat a Klebsiella?

If the laboratory found a Klebsiella in the urine, and the result of the diagnosis revealed that a large amount of the parasite is concentrated inside the intestine, a therapy is administered by the method of taking bacteriophages. Fit polyvalent drugs or created specifically for a particular species of this bacterium. The agent is a virus that destroys pathogenic microbes, embedded in the genetic structure of a person. From the human body, bacteriophages are released under the influence of the immune system on them.

Video: What is a Klebsiella bacterium?

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Klebsiella pneumonia

In the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity and on the human skin, there is a bacterial microflora, which consists of a huge number of species of microbes. One of the conditionally pathogenic microorganisms belonging to a normal microscopic flora is Klebsiella pneumonia (Klebsiella pneumoniae). Despite the name, this proteobacteria provokes not only dangerous respiratory diseases, but also other inflammatory processes.

How is Klebsiella pneumonia transmitted?

The source of infection is a person whose body progresses with a klebsiellosis infection. Infection occurs in several ways:

• non-compliance with personal hygiene standards;
• dirty vegetables, fruits;
• during coughing and sneezing.

Causes of reproduction of Klebsiella pneumonia

People with impaired functioning of the immune system are most susceptible to the disease. They can be caused by:

• congenital immunodeficiencies;
• diabetes mellitus;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• pathologies of hematopoiesis;
• oncological tumors;
• age-related immunodeficiency;
• changes in the intestinal and mucous microflora.

In addition, infection often occurs after transplantation of organs and tissues due to an inadequate (aggressive) immune response of the body.

Symptoms of Klebsiella pneumonia progression

During the life cycle described bacteria release three types of toxic substances:

• membronotoxin (has hemolytic activity, damages healthy cells);
• endotoxin (formed at the end of the life of the microorganism, during decomposition);
• thermostable enterotoxin (affects the epithelium lining the intestinal surface of the intestine, provokes the filling of its lumen with liquid).

Because of this, the pathology caused by the Klebsiella pneumonia bacterium has a variety of clinical manifestations depending on the infected system.

In the case of Klebsiella pneumonia, the following symptoms are observed:

• fever, the temperature rises to 39 degrees;
• sweating;
• intoxication;
• chills;
• lethargy and weakness;
• dyspnea;
• bad breath;
• dry (in the initial stages) and moist cough, with the discharge of a thick fetid sputum, permeated with blood veins.

During the diagnosis, wheezing in the lungs, a decrease in the intensity of their filling, percussion sound during rattling are noted.

Often Klebsiella pneumonia is found in the urine, causing inflammatory processes such as cystitis, pyelonephritis in acute and chronic form. In this case, the symptoms are no different from the lesions of other bacteria:

• pain or burning at the end of urination;
• increase in body temperature to subfebrile;
• heaviness in the side, near the kidneys and waist;
• feeling of thirst.

When infection of the upper respiratory tract, there are such signs:

• granulomas on the mucous membranes of the nose and nasopharynx;
• severe sinus congestion;
• secretion of purulent contents from the nose with an unpleasant odor;
• crust formation inside;
• high temperature, about 38 degrees;
• atrophy of the mucous membranes of the trachea and nose.

The defeat of the digestive tract is characterized by:

• pain in the zone of the stomach;
• nausea;
• heartburn;
• deterioration of appetite;
• general weakness;
• cramping attacks in the intestine;
• liquid loose stool with unusual impurities (mucus, pus or blood).

Treatment of bacterial infection Klebsiella pneumonia

In therapy, 3 types of drugs are used:

• antibiotic agents;
• probiotics (Enterol) due to the content of a special type of fungi that have antimicrobial activity against the bacterium under consideration;
• bacteriophage.

The most effective treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia infection with antibiotics, especially:

• aminoglycosides;
• cephalosporins (older generations);
• semisynthetic penicillin;
• tetracyclines.

WomanAdvice.ru

We learn: Klebsiella pneumonia

Pneumonia occurs quite often. Klebsiella pneumonia is common among children, which is given much attention. Because it is in children that pneumonia is prone to very rapid progress because of the yet unformed immune system.

Detect and treat pneumonia in the early stages, because with its development, pneumonia begins to seriously threaten human life. Pneumonia is an inflammatory process in the tissues of the lungs and unites a group of diseases. We will consider a disease called Klebsiella pneumonia.

General information about the disease

Klebsiella pneumonia is a type of bacteria that can be pathogenic under certain conditions. It is an enterobacterium, sometimes called a stick because of the similarity of appearance when viewed under a microscope.

In 1882, this rod was discovered by microbiologist from Germany Karl Friedlander. Therefore, its outdated name sounds like a wand of Friedlander.

It is interesting that these bacteria live in some human organs without causing any harm to it - in symbiosis with the human body. Therefore, they are called conditionally-pathogenic. These rods inhabit the microflora of the intestine, the oral cavity. Under certain circumstances these sticks can cause infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular pneumonia.

Pneumonia caused by this rod is called Klebsiella, and is a fairly rare type of pneumonia. This is an acute inflammation of the lungs, which can be life threatening. The Klebsiella bacteria is in our body, surrounded by a thick shell, due to which it does not show its pathological properties.

On the other hand, thanks to this shell, the bacterium is very stable in the treatment of diseases caused to it, antibiotics do not work on it, it is resistant to high temperatures.

However, thanks to modern methods, pneumonia caused by Klebsiella is successfully treated. With a timely appeal to doctors, it poses no threat to life and health. On the other hand, mortality from this disease is quite high and reaches up to 30 percent of all cases.

The disease may not appear, even if the tests show the presence of a stick in the smears of adults. What could be the cause of the Klebsiella infection?

Causes of Klebsiella pneumonia

This type of pneumonia most often develops as an intrahospital infection against the background of a weakened state of patients. In addition, several factors contribute to the development of infection:

• weakened immunity;
• unsanitary conditions and lack of hygiene;
• frequent viral infections such as ARVI and influenza;
• prolonged treatment with antibiotics, as this seriously damages the microflora of the body;
• imbalance of sugar in the blood;
• abuse of bad habits.

If bacteria Klebsiella under favorable conditions began to multiply in the body, then toxic substances are released. They cause inflammation of the organs. Most susceptible to these toxins are the lungs, which causes pneumonia - pneumonia.

This type of pneumonia can often appear among elderly patients with any tolerable diseases of the respiratory system and lungs.

It should be noted that this type of pneumonia is only about three percent of all cases of pneumonia.It manifests itself in the form of several foci in the lungs. These foci can cover a significant part of the lungs in a short time.

There was no specific cause of Klebsiella pneumonia. It always develops as a complication against a very wide range of diseases associated with the weakening of the body's immune system:

• diabetes;
• alcoholism;
• lack of vitamins in the body;
• even injuries or injuries of the lungs can provoke the development of the Klebsiella rod;
• dystrophy;
• radiation sickness.

When a klebsiella infection occurs, it is mainly transmitted by airborne droplets. In medicine, this infection is called exoinfection. The pneumonia of Friedlander can develop within three to four days.

Symptoms of the disease

This type of pneumonia often does not manifest itself for quite a long time, up to two to three weeks. Then the symptoms of a common cold can start to appear - the throat hurts, the body temperature rises, the patient begins coughing.

But along with this, a number of other symptoms appear. Headache, trembling in the body and chills, severe malaise and weakness are signals in order to immediately consult a doctor for help.

Here are the typical symptoms of Klebsiella pneumonia:

• a sharp pain in the lungs when coughing, it can not always be manifested, but with a running disease - constantly;
• discharge from the blood can begin during coughing, this is a sign that the illness has gained strength;
• Symptoms of poisoning the body caused by toxins that the Klebsiella bacteria secrete when breeding - nausea, lack of appetite or even rejection of food.

The faster the treatment, the more likely the patient to overcome the disease. Without proper treatment with the necessary medications, the death of lung tissue inevitably begins. In the medical language, this process is called necrosis. As a consequence, metastases may start to form, not only in the lungs, but also in other organs. Signs of jaundice may also be indicated. If a rod of Klebsiella is detected in the analysis of urine, then it is always possible to talk about the presence of a klebsiella infection in the body.

Diagnosis and treatment

This disease can equally often occur in adults and children. For the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, even special methods are spared children's body methods based on the use of probiotics. Moreover, treatment in such cases is often prescribed not only for babies, but also for parents, after all, a recharge, for example, through mother's milk, can occur.

In general, to begin treatment, you need to go through all sorts of research. This and a blood test, will be produced crops to identify the rods. Conduct and X-ray studies to determine the stage of the disease. Further, all the data obtained are analyzed and summarized for an accurate diagnosis, which depends on how successful and fast the treatment and recovery of the patient will be.

An important role is played by examining the patient, talking with him. For example, if there are minor wheezing during examination, then this is a sign of a large amount of mucus accumulated in the alveoli and bronchi. In some cases, hemorrhoids of the skin and mucous membranes are observed.

Further, an individual treatment regimen is already prescribed, which the patient must adhere to under the close supervision of doctors. With proper observance of all these procedures, the patient usually already feels relief after three or four days and begins to recover. However, the final recovery is not earlier than 3-4 weeks.

As we have already said, Friedlander's Diplobacillus is very resistant to the action of antibiotics, traditionally used in the treatment of pneumonia, as it is characterized by large deviations in morphology.

Of modern preparations, the rod of Friedlander is sensitive to streptomycin.

A good effect is also given by erythromycin, tetraolean, rondomycin. In severe cases, aminoglycosides (gentamicin, nonimycin) are used. In addition, expectorants are shown, if necessary cardiotonic drugs.

It is very useful to accompany such treatment with the use of herbal decoctions - herbal preparations, inhalations based on herbal decoctions: chamomile, lavender. Herbs help calm the cough and make it easier to expectorate sputum. Inhalations can be taken one to several times a day, depending on the frequency of coughing attacks.

Decoctions based on herbal remedies mainly help to relieve symptoms, the cause of the disease is treated with prescribed medications. Therefore, rely only on folk remedies should not, because the disease is very serious and can be cured only medically. The main thing is not to miss the precious time. Treatment of such a disease is carried out only in a hospital.

Prevention of disease

To prevent the disease, there are no special instructions from specialists. Here, you can only be guided by general advice, namely: strengthening immunity and hygiene.

People who abuse alcohol, account for half of all cases of the disease Freelender's pneumonia. Therefore, for the prevention of the disease, it is necessary to limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages to people who have immunity disorders, that is, those with a predisposition to the disease. In addition, for preventive purposes it is recommended to monitor the diet, trying to consume only healthy food.

Improving the ventilation of the room, you can achieve a preventive effect, because bacteria transmitted through the air, will be less concentrated in the room. This includes regular walks in the fresh air. A small physical load will also benefit. All that leads to active ventilation of the lungs can be considered prevention of pneumonia, for example, playing in the fresh air, skiing in the winter. Such fashionable events as a visit to speleocameras are very much shown to people who are predisposed to pneumonia due to low immunity.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae - what is it? Bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae: a description

Klebsiella pneumoniae - what is it? It is a bacterium that can cause serious inflammatory diseases of the respiratory, digestive and genitourinary systems. Such cases require serious treatment and careful medical care. And the nosocomial infections caused by it practically do not give in to therapy because of a considerable quantity of kinds of the originator.

Biological properties

A simple person can not imagine what Klebsiella pneumoniae looks like, what it is. Morphologically it is a small fixed sticks, which can be located as a single, or in groups. This gram-negative bacterium, that is, when stained with hematoxylin-eosin, it becomes pink (indicates the presence of a capsule).

It prefers to multiply in places with limited access to oxygen, but also does not lose its cultural properties in its presence. In the laboratory, the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae grows on dense and liquid nutrient media, forming beautiful grayish-white colonies. Its name was received by the name of the pioneer - pathologist Edwin Klebs.

Types of Klebsiella

Microbiologists have identified six types of Klebsiella since the discovery of the microorganism:

- Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander's stick). - Klebsiella oxytoca. - Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (Frish-Wolkowicz wand). - Klebsiella ozaenae (Abel-Lavenberg wand). - Klebsiella terrigena. - Klebsiella planticola.

In humans, the first two diseases are most often caused, but with a decrease in immunity, other species become pathogenic. In healthy people, the intestine also contains Klebsiella pneumoniae, its norm should not exceed 105 bacteria per 1 gram of chyme. In addition, these microorganisms are constantly present in the skin and mucous membranes of the bronchial tree. They are able to maintain their properties on food, water and soil long enough for infection to occur.

Sources of infection

Among many others, Klebsiella pneumoniae can also be attributed to anthropo- nous infections. What it is? This means that the source of the disease can be either diseased people, or carriers of the pathogen, which have no symptoms. Inside the body klebsiella gets along with dirty food or from dirty hands. If the infection affects the bronchopulmonary system, the spread of the bacteria will be predominantly airborne (through coughing and sneezing). All people are susceptible to Klebsiella, but small children, the elderly and those with immunodeficiency belong to the group of increased risk, since the multiplication of the obligate intestinal microflora is endogenously virtually uncontrolled.

Once in the body, the bacterium produces endotoxin, which is released only after the death of the carrier microbe. It causes fever and intoxication. There are two more exotoxins: enterotoxin and membrane toxin. The first affects the mucosa of the small intestine, and the second destroys the erythrocytes, causing anemia.

Pneumonia

Called pneumonia, as you might guess, Klebsiella pneumoniae. A characteristic feature of this type of inflammation is the appearance of many small foci of inflammation, which can merge with each other, throughout the surface of the lungs. Patients experience a high fever (up to thirty-nine degrees), weakness, lethargy, sweating. At the beginning of the disease, cough is dry, but in the midst it becomes wet, with an admixture of sputum and pus, there may be blood veins. Dyspnoea is characteristic, and in advanced cases - respiratory failure and pulmonary edema.

At physical examination on the party of an inflammation damp rales are audible, and also at a palpation - shortening of a percussion sound. On the roentgenogram of chest organs in the direct and lateral projection, focal shadows that are prone to unification are visible.

If the disease is diagnosed on time and proper treatment is prescribed, then there is a high probability that the inflammatory disease the process can be interrupted at the very beginning, until it has spread throughout the surface of the lungs. But in case of incorrect treatment or late treatment in the hospital, most likely, the patient will already have a picture of sepsis (generalized inflammation), and in this case the lethality is very high.

Disorders of the digestive system

This disease is also caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Unfortunately, it is "masked" for gastroenterological pathology, making it difficult to diagnose and treat. The patient first turns to the gastroenterologist with complaints of pain in the stomach and navel, heartburn, nausea, a decrease appetite, but FGDS (fibrogastroduodenoscopy) shows a normal or slightly inflamed gastric mucosa. This can not possibly lead a doctor to think about klebsiella. Rather, he will deliver gastritis and prescribe appropriate treatment.

But most often klebsiella manifests itself in the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) in the form of enteritis or enterocolitis. The patient goes to an infectious hospital with complaints of high fever, weakness, nausea, cramping abdominal pain and stool disorder (profuse diarrhea with blood, mucus and unpleasant odor). This state can last from two to five days.

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Most often Klebsiella pneumoniae in the genitourinary system manifests itself in the form of pyelonephritis, cystitis and prostatitis. Depending on the level of damage, patients complain of pain in the lumbar region, difficulty with urination and with erectile function.

If the immune system works well, then the disease is acute, and with proper treatment a person is cured completely. But in case of inferiority of the body's defenses (elderly or children's age, immunodeficiency), the disease takes on a chronic or recurrent course.

Complications

During the severe course of Klebsiella infections such complications are not excluded:

- pulmonary edema; - ITH (infectious-toxic shock); - hemorrhagic syndrome; - edema of the brain.

These are life-threatening conditions, each of which can end fatal. And if they combine, the likelihood of a fatal outcome increases. After the infection, the patient develops a specific unstable immunity, that is, speaking in the usual language, after a while a person can get sick again.

Features of the disease in children and pregnant women

Klebsiella pneumoniae in pregnancy is not a rare phenomenon. The organism experiences a double load, the immunity decreases, and the probability of an increase in the obligate microflora increases. Since the situation is delicate, to take or not take antibiotics, the doctor decides. It all depends on the gestation period, the amount of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the smear from the genital tract and the level of leukocytes. The dose is also selected individually. In no case should not be treated at home.

There is often a situation where a pregnant woman asks questions not to the doctor, but to her friends about the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. What it is, she can not find out. And then mistakes in treatment are inevitable, in addition, it can harm the child.

Because of the weakened immunity, newborns and small children also often suffer from conditionally pathogenic microflora. Klebsiella pneumoniae in infants causes severe intoxication, generalization of the inflammatory process and sepsis. Most often this is a dysbacteriosis with characteristic symptoms (eructation, rejection of the breast, weight loss and stool disruption).

Diagnostics

It is rather difficult to clinically diagnose that the infection is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, since there are no specific symptoms indicating this. Therefore, the diagnosis is made syndromally and only then is confirmed bacteriologically. As the material suits blood, urine, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, bile and sectional material.

Klebsiella pneumoniae in the urine is detected by bacteriological or bacterioscopic examination. For this, the material is sown on a nutrient medium or dripped onto a slide and examined under a microscope.

The same methods can detect Klebsiella pneumoniae in feces, but only the material intake is somewhat different. For qualitative research, you need to deliver the material to the laboratory within half an hour after its collection.

Two weeks after the onset of the disease, you can send blood to a serological study. It allows you to assess the severity of the process and the work of the immune system.

Treatment

The doctor chooses the tactics of treatment for each specific case. It depends on the form of the disease, its severity and the characteristics of the patient's body. Most patients receive out-patient treatment.

In the first place, specific bacteriophages are assigned. They need to be taken three times a day before meals. In addition to the oral variant, it is possible to administer the medication through the enema. The course of treatment can vary from five to ten days. The next stage is the probiotics needed to restore normal intestinal flora. They need to drink at least ten days, and preferably two or three weeks.

From antibiotics choose cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones of the third-fourth generation, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines.

In hospital, patients are hospitalized for the following indications: worsening of the condition, high fever, sepsis. Mandatory symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease and alleviating the condition of the patient is carried out.

Nonspecific prevention for Klebsiella infections is not carried out, as there is no vaccine. Therefore, everything comes down to hygienic education of children and adults, tempering and timely and full-fledged treatment of infectious diseases.

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