Droplets in the nose in adult adults

Drops from colds and flu for the nose

The most common group of drugs to combat viral diseases are interferons in the form of drops, sprays, ointments for the mucosa in the nose.

The drugs derive their name from the active substance, which has an antiviral and immunomodulatory effect of the polypeptide.

Effects of intranasal interferons

Interferon-containing drugs do not have the ability to be absorbed into the body. They have local effects on viruses that cover the nasal mucosa and have not yet penetrated into the bloodstream. The drug is applied to the mucus of the nose and acts on the viruses that have settled there.

Therefore, it is advisable to use intranasal drugs as a prophylactic or for treatment for the first 2-3 days after infection.

The effectiveness of these means depends on the timeliness of their use - the earlier, the better. If the disease lasts three or more days - the use of interferon preparations for fighting colds is meaningless.

Nasal medicines are represented by a whole line of drugs having different concentrations of the recommended doses of the active ingredient. The difference can be from tens to thousands of times.

All interferons of Russian and Ukrainian intranasal type are used for the prevention and treatment of early stages of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza, and herpetic infections.

Foreign medics (outside the CIS) interferons for intranasal treatment are not used.

Intranasal preparations of Russian interferon

Among Russian nasal preparations with active substance, interferon is most widely distributed:

1. Interferon;
2. Gripferon;
3. Genferon light spray;
4. Viferon is a gel and ointment.

Leukocyte dry human interferon is produced by the Moscow JSC "Biomed". This is the oldest of all known drugs, the only one from the group of nasal drugs that is obtained from the blood of immunized donors.

Form release: ampoules with dry powder, which is applied endonasally or for inhalations.

Active substance: interferon alfa-2b.

• Volume: each ampoule contains 2 ml of the drug, with a concentration of 1 ml of the drug - 500 IU of the active ingredient. In one drop of the drug contains about 20 IU of the active substance.
• Application for injection: strictly prohibited.
• Action: The first days after a cold effectively removes the symptoms of influenza or ARVI and stops their further development. It is used as an effective preventive agent for ARVI and influenza.
• Preparation of the solution: open the ampoule immediately before use, add boiled water at room temperature to the label. You can store the finished solution in the refrigerator for no more than 24 hours from the time the ampoule is opened.
• Prevention of colds or SARS for 10 days to a month twice a day: in the nose - 2 drops per each nostril; or one inhalation in the morning and evening.
• Scheme for therapy: the first three days of the disease to dig in the nose for 5 drops for each nostril with an interval of 2 hours at least five times a day, or 3-4 inhalations during the day every two hours.

The remaining intranasal agents contain recombinant interferon, identical to alpha-2b, obtained by genetic engineering.

Grippferon, developed by Russian pharmacists, is produced by the Moscow-based ZAO "Firn M". A relatively new drug - first produced in 1999. It is produced by a ready-made solution that does not require preliminary preparation.

It is used to treat the first three days after a cold or infection.

• Form release: nasal spray; liquid for instillation into the nose.
• Concentration of the active substance: per ml of the drug is 10 000 IU of interferon. One drop of 400 IU.
• Application: children 1-3 years - two drops three to four times a day; children older than 3 years and adults - two drops for each nostril 4-6 times a day. Newborns and up to a year - one injection or a drop for each nostril 3-4 times a day. Course - no more than 3 days.

Genferon Light Spray has not yet been clinically tested on children, so it is recommended to use it for cold treatment only from the age of 14 years.

1. Concentration: 1 dose - 50 000 IU of interferon (more than 1 dose of leukocyte human interferon, 2500 times).
2. Application: for 3-5 days in the nose, one dose for each nostril three times a day.
3. Prevention: it is used only as an emergency measure when in contact with a sick person with the flu or ARVI. The scheme is the same as when treated, but for a week.

Viferon is a preventive and curative remedy available in the form of a gel or ointment.

• Area of ​​action: topically, on the applied surface.
• Purpose: prevention of acute respiratory infections, treatment of the first 3 days after the appearance of cold symptoms, treatment of herpes.
• Concentration: 1 g of ointment contains 40 000 IU, and 1 g of gel - 36 000 IU.
• Application: the first five days after a cold, lubricate the nose and the surface of the tonsils 3-5 times a day.
• For prevention, a gel or ointment for two to four weeks is applied to the phlegm-cleansed mucosa of the nose and tonsils twice a day.

The active substance of gels and ointments acts for a longer period, due to the fact that they are retained on the mucosa longer than preparations for instillation.

Nasal interferons of the Ukrainian manufacturer

Nasoferon is a drug analogous to geneferon and influenza, manufactured by the Kiev PJSC Farmak.

1. The form of release: drops in a nose, a spray. For instillation in the nose the remedy is allowed to be used for children from birth, the spray after one year.
2. Purpose: prevention and treatment of colds, SARS, influenza.
3. Concentration: 1 ml of the drug - 100 000 IU, one drop of the drug - 4000 IU. This is 10 times more than that of Russian influferon.
4. Treatment: children up to a year - drop by drop for each nostril up to 5 times per day. From year to three - 2 drops / 2 injections in the nose for both nostrils 3-4 times per day; from 3 to 14 years - 2 drops / 2 injections 4-5 times per day; adults - 3 drops / 3 injections 5-6 times per day.
5. The course of treatment is from 3 to 5 days.

Prevention: the age-related dosage in each nostril in the morning once every two days.

Laferon nasal - manufacturer: LLC "Scientific and Production Campaign Infarmbiotek Kiev.

• Form release: hermetic bottles with dry powder, supplemented with a special cap-dropper.
• Purpose: treatment and prevention of colds, flu, ARVI.
• Concentration: 1 ml. finished solution - 200 000 IU, in 1 drop - 8 000 IU.
• Preparation of the solution: the contents of the vial are brought to the desired volume with boiled water at room temperature.
• Preventive maintenance: instillation of 1-2 drops of the ready solution for each nostril 4 times a day for 10 to 30 days.
• Treatment: children up to a year - eight times a day, one drop for each nostril; from one year to seven - 2-3 drops every eight times for day; from 7 to 14 years - up to 4 drops with the same frequency, adult - 5-6 drops in the nose for both nostrils 8-10 times for day.
• The duration of the course is 3-5 days.

Other antiviral drugs of nasal action

1. Oksolinovaya ointment - a drug-prophylactic drug, which was produced by USSR pharmacists in 1970. The population of the former CIS countries uses it as the oldest antiviral agent for external use. In addition to CIS countries, this ointment is not registered anywhere else and is not recognized.
2. Derinat - inducer of endogenous interferon, whose active substance (sodium deoxyribonucleate) is extracted from the milk of fish of the sturgeon family. Producer - ZAO AF Technomedeservice, Moscow.

Oksolinovaya ointment is a means of local exposure. It is applied to the nasal mucosa at the first sign of a cold, until the viruses have penetrated into the bloodstream. The ointment is partially absorbed from the surface of the mucosa, but does not affect the viruses that have already entered the bloodstream.

Does not have allergic properties, does not have a toxic and other harmful effect on the human body.

For the prevention or treatment of influenza, 5% oxolin ointment is used. It is used to prevent nose lubrication, apply ointment on the mucous membrane during outbreaks of a large number of cases of diseases, as well as the first days of colds or infections of the acute respiratory infections, with flu 3-4 times a day.

There is 3% oxolin ointment - it is used to treat viral skin lesions to get rid of warts, herpes, molluscum contagiosum.

Derinat is an immunomodulator, which was first released in 1996. It helps to increase antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal immunity. In addition, under its influence, activation of regeneration of damaged tissues takes place.

Form release: solution for intramuscular injection; for endonasal application - a vial or dropper-dropper.

Intramuscular application:

• when treating severe forms of tuberculosis, endometritis;
• for the healing of stomach ulcers, burns, bedsores, trophic ulcers.

As a nasal agent in the nose is used, 5% solution of derinata for the prevention and treatment of influenza, colds, SARS.

Advantages of nasal degenerate:

1. Derinat has the ability to absorb from the nasal mucosa and move along the lymphatic ways. Thus, even with endonasal application, Derinat is able to have both a local and systemic therapeutic effect on the whole organism.
2. Applies to any period of the disease;
3. Stimulates the renewal of affected tissues;
4. The remedy is allowed to use from the first days of life.

Treatment scheme for colds, flu, ARVI for children of any age and adults:

• The first two days - in the nose two drops for each nostril 5-6 times a day at intervals of two hours;
• From the third day until the disappearance of cold symptoms - two drops in the nostril 3-4 times a day.

Prevention: the entire epidemiological season drip two drops 3-4 times per day.

Can be used for rinsing with stomatitis, as well as for instillations with conjunctivitis and dystrophic lesions, inhalations for colds, protracted pneumonia and bronchitis, as detailed in the video in this article.

stopgripp.ru

Basic principles of ARVI treatment

ARVI (acute respiratory viral infections) occur very often, especially in autumn and winter. According to statistical data, almost every person carries the disease, which affects the upper respiratory tract once a year. Unfortunately, many people who do not have medical education are firmly convinced that they know how to treat ARVI.

Therefore, when the first symptoms of the disease appear, they begin to take various medications independently, which often leads only to an aggravation of the condition and the development of complications. While properly selected by the doctor therapy can only put the patient on his feet in a few days.

What to do with increased body temperature?

One of the main symptoms of ARVI is a rise in temperature, which, for example, can be very significant in case of influenza. Thus it is necessary to provide such conditions, that the patient could lose heat, sweating or warming the inhaled air.

For this, the patient needs a rich vitaminized drink, for example, cranberry juice, and also a little cool air in the room (for this, it must be regularly ventilated and held in it damp cleaning).

It should be noted that when the skin is exposed to cold (for example, with ice), there is a spasm vessels of the skin, so its temperature decreases, but the temperature of the internal organs continues grow. This state is considered extremely dangerous, so do not use physical methods of cooling (wet sheets, ice bubbles) without the advice of a doctor. Before applying such techniques, the patient is prescribed special drugs that eliminate vasospasm.

Some patients with acute respiratory viral infections do not tolerate high temperature. For example, in people suffering from pathologies of the nervous system, hyperthermia can lead to seizures. Therefore, doctors for treatment at home prescribe antipyretic drugs, which can be taken when the temperature rises above 3 degrees. The most popular is paracetamol (Panadol) and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Paracetamol is considered one of the safest medicines for fever, but it is effective only for non-serious infections.

What to do with a cold?

As in children, and in adults very often there is a strong cold, which can significantly worsen the state of health. The fact is that the mucosa of the nasal passages secrete a large amount of mucus containing special substances that neutralize the viruses.

The main task in this period is to prevent the drying of mucus and the formation of crusts, otherwise the patient will have to breathe through the mouth. Therefore, the nose should be cleaned regularly, and also to ensure that the air in the room is clean and slightly moist.

Rhinitis in ARVI can not be treated with vasoconstrictive drops (nasol, sanorin, naphthyzine), because they only for a while facilitate the patient's condition, removing the swelling and stuffiness of the nose. If you use such drugs for a long time, the patient will develop chronic rhinitis. Such drugs can be prescribed only for the prevention of sinusitis, but the course should not last more than a week.

To get rid of the cold, antihistamines are sometimes used, for example, suprastin and diazolin. Also, sometimes doctors prescribe homeopathic medicines, which practically do not have side effects, for example, Edas-131.

What to do with sore throat and cough?

For many varieties of ARVI, for example, for influenza, a strong pain in the throat is characteristic. The most effective treatment in this case will be rinsing with various solutions, for example, furatsilinom or infusion of chamomile. Gargle should be rinsed as often as possible, at least every half hour. According to the doctor's prescription, you can use various lollipops, lozenges and sprays, for example, septothete, bioparox or hexoral.

In order to cure a cough, the patient should drink more, and the drinks should be warm. This will allow the phlegm to dilute and remove it from the body as soon as possible. You can also use medicines, for example, Mucaltin, broncholitin, ATSTS.

In order to accelerate recovery, antiviral drugs (interferon, kagocel) are used that reduce the sensitivity of human cells to viruses. Faster cough and other unpleasant symptoms will be helped by multivitamin complexes, which include ascorbic acid, B vitamins and rutin.

Do I need to take antibiotics for ARVI?

Many people do not realize that ARVI has a viral origin, therefore antibacterial drugs against it are not effective. In the treatment of antibiotics, the patient develops a dysbacteriosis, which is manifested by diarrhea, constipation, bloating and thrush.

And also with the uncontrolled intake of these drugs, the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is formed, which is why if necessary (for example, in the case of pneumonia), the effective drug will be selected extremely complicated. And the fascination with antibiotics often leads to the development of allergies, especially in children.

Therefore, uncomplicated ARVI antibiotics can be treated only in exceptional cases:

• in the presence of signs of immunodeficiency (HIV, cancer and autoimmune pathologies, birth defects of the immune system, fungal diseases, etc.);
• in children, whose age is less than 6 months, if they have unfavorable background pathologies (rickets, severe lack of weight, malformations, etc.);
• if there is a history of recurrent otitis media.

With the help of antibiotics, ARVI treatment is performed in the following cases:

• with the development of angina (anaerobic or streptococcal);
• with the development of acute otitis media;
• in the presence of various purulent complications (descending laryngotracheitis, paratonsillar abscess, purulent lymphadenitis, purulent sinusitis);
• with the development of pneumonia;
• in the presence of sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses).

If the patient's condition is not too severe and ARVI treatment is carried out at home, antibiotics are prescribed for oral administration. Usually only one drug is used, the criterion of effectiveness of which will be a decrease in temperature below 38 degrees in the first 36-48 hours after the initiation of therapy. If this does not happen, the doctor picks up another antibiotic.

Features of pregnancy treatment

Begin the treatment of a woman should only after consulting a doctor, because many drugs and even folk remedies can harm the fetus. From the cold will help instill in the nasal passages of salt water, which you can prepare yourself or buy at a pharmacy. It will also help the inhalation of essential oils of orange, eucalyptus or sage. You can dig in the nose drops, made from natural ingredients (Aqua Maris, Pinosol).

With sore throat, you can rinse it with saline solution, infusion of chamomile and sage. It is recommended to drink warm milk with a small amount of honey, but you can not soar your legs. And coughing will help inhalation with essential oils. When the temperature rises above 38 degrees, you can take a medicine based on paracetamol, prescribed by your doctor. If there is no edema, then you can drink more, for example, green tea with honey.

Features of treatment in the elderly

For elderly people, acute respiratory viral infections are especially dangerous, so it is worth treating them carefully. First of all, you need to ensure that the patient has enough sleep and a balanced diet. If a person has a dysbiosis of intestinal flora, then he is prescribed eubiotics (lactobacterin, bifidobacterin). It is necessary to take microelements and vitamins, because during illness the body needs them especially acutely.

Elderly, drugs for the treatment of acute respiratory infections can be selected only by a doctor, taking into account the severity of their condition and the presence of accompanying pathologies. Most often used drugs of plant origin, which have the least side effects. Older people taking drugs for the treatment of chronic pathologies are usually not prescribed antibiotics and potent agents because of the high risk of unwanted side-effects effects.

Treatment and prevention of ARVI includes the use of drugs that stimulate the formation of interferon. For moderate and mild forms of influenza, for example, arbidol is used. Correctly selected therapy can prevent the development of severe complications and lead to an early recovery of the patient.

Features of treatment in children

Children often suffer from ARVI, so pediatricians have certain standards for the treatment of these diseases, which they try to adhere to. Trying to cope independently with the infection is not worth it, because inadequate therapy, most likely, will lead to the development of complications.

In addition to the medicines prescribed by the doctor, proper care is very important. The child needs to be put in bed, to provide him with a balanced diet and fresh clean air. At elevated temperature, you can not only use medicines, but also apply physical methods of cooling. For example, you can wipe the baby's skin with a napkin, which is moistened with a solution prepared from water, vinegar and vodka, which were mixed in equal proportions. In this case, the child should be covered with a warm blanket.

With fever, a warm vitaminized drink, for example cranberry or cranberry juice, will also help. If the temperature does not go down and the drugs are not effective, you should call an ambulance.

Folk methods

Treatment with various folk remedies is only used as an auxiliary method and only after consulting a specialist. The fact is that such drugs are not always effective and often lead to the occurrence of side effects, for example, to allergies.

Many people with ORVI help tea made of lime color. If the disease is accompanied by high fever, it is necessary to include red currant berries or fresh juice made from them in the diet. And with sore throat it is recommended to add a couple of tablespoons of natural honey to a glass of hot milk and drink this solution in small sips during the day.

If the patient is troubled by a runny nose, tom it is possible to drink a decoction prepared from raspberries or wild strawberries. It is recommended to take one glass 3 times a day after meals.

ingalin.ru

Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in adults

The most common and painful topic for every person and for every family in the autumn-winter period is ARVI. During the epidemic, 8-9 people out of 10 can get sick. By respiratory viral infections are meant diseases of the upper respiratory tract caused by a group of viruses. There are about 250 kinds of viruses that can lead to the development of acute respiratory viral infections.

The primary factor in the development of the disease is the hypothermia of the body and, as a consequence, a decrease in overall immunity. Subcooling of the lower extremities is of great importance.

Prevention of ARVI

If you do not want to hurt follow a series of recommendations:

1. Adhere to a regular, rich in vitamins and protein nutrition.
2. Be sure to get enough sleep, you can sleep 1-2 hours a day.
3. Try not to get into stressful situations.
4. Come home - wash your hands immediately with soap and water. Rinse thoroughly with soap and nasal passages.
5. In public places, hospitals, pharmacies, shops do not hesitate to put on an ordinary disposable mask.
6. Drip 2-3 drops of beet juice into the nasal passages.
7. 2-3 times a day instill the drug Grippferon.
8. Lubricate the nasal passages with Oksolin Ointment when going outside.
9. Take 1 tablet of Dibazolum for 2 weeks.

If the virus has penetrated the body

As a rule, at first a period of the first unclear, weak symptoms appears. Weakness, coughing, runny nose, a sore throat, an aching in the muscles of the body, a small subfebrile condition. What can be done first thing at home? So, treatment of acute respiratory infections in the home suggests:

1. It is very good to wrap it up and sweat in a dream.
2. Rub feet with vodka, and put on warm dry socks.

We are treated at home

Next, we turn to treatment of acute respiratory infections with folk remedies.

We drink warm tea with honey and ginger:

1. For a glass of tea, put one hour. l. rubbed ginger and the same piece of honey.
2. All this is thoroughly mixed.
3. You need 2-3 glasses of this tea drink.

You can put dry jars on your back.

Treatment of acute respiratory infections in adults involves the fact that you need to properly sweat. Therefore, we use tea with diaphoretic herbs:

• Linden blossom;
• elder;
• raspberries.

If the acute respiratory viral infection proceeds without temperature, then the following simple method can be used for treatment:

1. We collect half a glass of water
2. We drip there 5 drops of iodine.
3. We're drinking.

In case of further development of the disease

Traditional medicine in this situation recommends taking:

• immunomodulators;
• antihistamines;
• antiviral drugs;
• multivitamins.

Remember that before you start the treatment standards for ARVI in adults, it is better to consult a district doctor. He will be able to prescribe the optimal regimen for ARVI treatment in adults.

One of the proven antiviral drugs that allow for effective treatment of ARVI in adults is Viferon in a dosage of 50, 00 units. It contains ready antibodies for suppression from viruses. The drug of a similar group is Kipferon. Take this drug for 1 candle, rectally 2 times a day.

Another proven drug is Isoprinosine. It has antiviral nonspecific action and reduces immunosuppression of viruses. It is taken in a dosage of 500 mg for a period of 5 days.

Rapid treatment of acute respiratory viral infection in adults allows the use of antibiotics. However, as a rule, they are prescribed in the presence of complications of the disease.

From vitamins take large doses of ascorbic, up to 1 gram during the day.

Vasoconstrictors are recommended for use in obstructed nasal breathing.

To antihistamines we will refer:

• Diphenhydramine;
• Tavegil;
• Loratadin et al.

Take 1-2 times a day.

Please note that cough preparations should be taken only on the advice of a doctor. Because it is necessary to assess the type of cough. However, lozenges containing sage are allowed.

Also warm milk with Borjomi in the same proportions will help.

Do not forget about the wet cleaning of the room up to 2 times a day, and also airing up to 4-5 times a day.

It is recommended to drink plenty of liquids to detoxify the body (up to 2 liters of fluid). It is very useful to drink:

• milk with lemon and honey;
• cranberry, raspberry, cranberry fruit drinks;
• compotes;
• citrus juices.

The patient needs to provide sufficient food with protein food: broths, vegetables and fruits, seafood. It should be eaten often, but fractional.

And most importantly - you need bed rest for the patient. Complications, as a rule, develop if the cold is transferred to the legs. These are defeats:

• heart;
• kidney;
• brain;
• lungs and others.

WomanAdvice.ru

What are good drops in the nose with SARS without pobokochek?

Answers:

Serge Astra

Oksolinovaya ointment ...

Alexeev Valery

"No pobochek" there are no drops. Bury the pinosol.

Natalia Solokhnenko

I at the first signs of colds smear children and myself with a mucous spout gel in the composition with interferon, it prevents the reproduction of viruses. And if the rhinitis is troubled, then the last time they were treated with rhinomaris, it makes breathing easier and moisturizes the mucous membrane, which is very important, in the composition of both the vasoconstrictor and water Adriatic Sea. It is also necessary to wash the nose of the person during the day. solution or salt water. this is useful for colds, and for colds, too, to neutralize settled viruses. It's just as good for an aspirant to do inhalation if there is no temperature, of course, inhalations with herbs and essential oils are good, if worried about the nose, then here to help alkaline inhalation: inhalation with alkaline mineral water (Borjomi for example) or ordinary food soda. Just need not forget for a plentiful warm drink, you should drink as much as possible different teas, compotes, juices throughout the day, as it is the liquid to remove from the body pathogens of infection. And eat as many vitamins as you can.

Review of antiviral drugs in cases of influenza and influenza

Any disease, especially ARVI and the Flu is easier, cheaper and safer not to treat, but not to prevent, to prevent its occurrence. Recently, especially worried about the "point" - it's safer. Should I take antiviral pills at all? In today's complex world, how to understand the issues:

• Will the effect of using an expensive antiviral drug?
• Which drug is better for adults to take flu, children?
• Do not it cause harm to health?
• Is there the best cure for flu?
• Effective antiviral drugs - is it advertising, business, dummy or not?

Antiviral drugs for Orvy on the Russian pharmaceutical market are as follows:

Virtually all antiviral drugs for orvi and flu have no evidence base for their antiviral efficacy. Studies are very expensive, conducted by the manufacturers themselves and those interested in the positive conclusion of the parties. Today, most clinical trials of new drugs are regularly falsified in order to bring "miraculous" drugs to the market with a new price tag. Given the fabulous commercial benefits of selling expensive antiviral drugs during the epidemic, honesty and objectivity of research is not believed. As you know, pharmacological publications, even in medical journals today, are about 90 percent - these are custom-made articles of an advertising nature.

Today in the pharmacy chains an abundance of various medicines, some of which in fact "Medicines" are not, because there are a lot of fakes, frank dummies and inefficient means. Advocates of patients' rights in Ukraine, for example, argue that in 4 drugs registered as antiviral - the active substance was not found. However, a wide advertising company allows producers to earn millions of hryvnias on them per year.

Antiviral drugs for Orvi are conventionally divided into:

• Vaccines - stimulation of the production of antibodies before infection with the virus
• Immunostimulants - drugs that temporarily enhance nonspecific immunity, which promote the production of interferons
• Antiviral drugs are agents that affect neuraminidase (a viral enzyme) by suppressing the multiplication of the virus (Oseltamivir, Zanamivir) and blockers of M2-channels Amantadine, Remantadin - these drugs have proven clinical effectiveness, but as any means have a number of side effects effects.

Most antiviral drugs for orvi and influenza are developed and applied no more than 10-40 years. The drug should have a greater "trial period" in order to draw a conclusion about its effectiveness and side effects. As for immunostimulants, these funds can have delayed consequences (development risks autoimmune diseases, oncological diseases of the blood, etc.) and should be prescribed according to strict indications.

Immunity modulators and antiviral agents

The immunostimulants produced today show the activation of immune reactions at the biochemical level (what is called "In vitro"), but their real benefits and long-term consequences of use are rather complex, poorly understood region. Since information on many mechanisms of immunity has become known relatively recently, scientists are getting more and more information about its functioning every year. Therefore, there is no confidence in the safety and correctness of general stimulation of the "under-researched" immune system (see Fig. what is immunity and whether drugs are needed to improve it). Especially prudent should be the preventive use of immunostimulants and the treatment with antiviral medicines for children.

"Pharmacy immunostimulants can not only help the body, but also harm" - says Ph.D. Tatyana Tikhomirova, immunologist-allergist. Such a state as hyperactivation of the immune system, as well as immunodeficiency is extremely dangerous, the human body functions normally only with the balance of the immune system. And if a person each time stimulates ("to increase self-immunity"), then, in the presence of predisposing factors, this may result in pathological inflammation, launching of immune aggression on healthy tissues, hyperactivation of the immune system and theoretically (in extreme cases) to the development of autoimmune or oncological disease.

If the next of kin has any autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent sugar diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, etc.), then under no circumstances should a person use any immunostimulants. Even if a person is healthy, there is already a violation of the immune system, and one can live with them all his life, but if he is rude and persistently try to stimulate their immune system, it can end with the debut of an autoimmune disease.

Fortunately, for most healthy people, without the presence of any predisposing factors, it is difficult to "achieve" your immunity so as to seriously damage your health. Since most of the known immunostimulants either do not work at all, or almost do not work. One part of the drugs - an ordinary deception, another - ineffective means. But it should be remembered that any drug has side effects.

Drug Groups	Act	Names of drugs
Interferon preparations	Blockade of viral mRNA translation, presentation of viral antigens	Recombinant alpha / gamma interferons
Etiotropic means	Neuraminidase inhibitors	Relenza Tamiflu Peramivir
Ion channel blockers	Rimantadine (Remantadin, Orvirem)
Antiviral drugs with varying degrees of evidence of action	Enabling synthesis endogenous interferons	Kagocel Cycloferon Lavomax (Amiksin, Tyloron) Cytovir 3
Specific HA chaperone	Arbidol
NP-Protein Inhibitors	Ingavirin

Alexander Khadzhidis, Chief Clinical Pharmacologist, St. Petersburg states the following: "Some doctors for some reason first appoint patients antipyretic drugs, and then immunomodulators, supposedly for the production of interferon - which is illogical and generally is absurd. That is, first, knocking down the temperature - "forbid" the body to fight the virus (at high temperature, antibodies are produced against the virus and infection), and then artificially "forced" do.

In developed countries, interferonogens (drugs that stimulate the production of interferon) are not at all. Interferons can work only with parenteral (intravenous) administration, and even then, their effectiveness is questionable. In Russia, these drugs are extremely popular, despite the fact that they are useless.

With regard to antipyretics with the virus - to knock down the temperature better with paracetamol and once with a rise in temperature, rather than 4 p / day - "just in case." Taking Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in ARVI, especially in children under 12 years old, is contraindicated, it can become the cause of severe damage to the central nervous system and the liver, it is not recommended to apply it to those who suffered from peptic ulcer disease Gastrointestinal tract. "

Well-known in Russia doctor Alexander Myasnikov says that all immunomodulators widely advertised in our country are a waste of money. In the United States and Western Europe, it is already unequivocally recognized and proven that these remedies are ineffective, but most Russian doctors continue to believe in the power of immunomodulators in treating Orvi.

Cytovir 3

Pharmacological action: Integratedimmunostimulating, an antiviral drug,

has an interferonogenic effect. As part of the drug - Timogen sodium, ascorbic acid, bendazole. Timogen synthetically obtained dipeptide, it enhances the nonspecific resistance of the organism. Ascorbic acid normalizes the permeability of capillaries, reducing the activity of the inflammatory process. Bendazol stimulates the production of endogenous interferon in the body.

Side effects: in people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia, causes a decrease in blood pressure.

Contraindications: in pregnancy, children under 1 year, thrombophlebitis, severe hypotension, diabetes mellitus, stomach ulcer, urolithiasis.

Issued: since 2001 in capsules, for children since 2006 in syrup, in powder for the preparation of solution
Research: There is no reliable information about clinical trials confirming its efficacy and safety. Often, doctors and pharmacists recommend this tool for children, but use it to treat children should be used with caution or not used at all.

References: Quite a lot of reviews in patients who use Citovir, about the effectiveness and absence of side effects. Improvement of well-being is observed on the second-third day, in single cases the drug did not help.
Price: Cytovir 3 - average240-580rub.

Kagocel

Pharmacological action: inducer of interferon synthesis, antiviral,immunomodulatingeffect. Composition: the sodium salt of the copolymer, which causes the formation of late interferon, which has high antiviral activity. The greatest effect occurs if you start treatment within the first 24 hours of the disease, but not later than the 4th day after the onset of an acute infection. With a view to prevention, it is possible to take it at any time, preferably immediately after contact with a sick Orvy or a flu.

Side effects: the emergence of allergic reactions.
It is issued: It is registered in 2003, since 2005 it is made in tablets, since 2011 it is resolved to use for children over 3 years old for the treatment of influenza, as an prevention for children can be used for children older than 6 years.

Research efficiency and safety: There is conflicting information. The active ingredient is the sodium salt of the gossypol copolymer with carboxymethyl cellulose.

And Gossipol itself is a natural polyphenol, it has been banned in the world since 1998 due to its toxicity. Gossypol for a long time and actively studied by some countries as a contraceptive, with its continued intake completely stops spermatogenesis. Chinese and Brazilian scientists say that host gossypol boys and men may suffer infertility in the future. However, Kagocel is not pure gossypol, it is the sodium salt of the copolymer, which has other properties that differ from the properties of the chemical itself.

The manufacturer actively advertises the drug and claims that the salt in Kagocel is negligible, 4 times lower than the concentration from the international standards allowed. Multiple stages of purification of the product ensure the absence of free Gossypol in the final drug, which is checked by monitoring the quality of each series of Kagocel tablets. The method used to check the availability of free gossypol is very accurate, it can reveal its content higher, 036%. In early 2013, data were published on tests performed on rats - no changes in reproductive function were detected in animals.

That is, research on primates was not done? It is known that gossypol for different animal species has its maximum dose of toxicity, according to the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) for rats the limiting toxic dose is 2200-3300 mg / kg.,for pigs 550, for guinea pigs up to 300 mg / kg. The research carried out by the manufacturer consisted in the administration of therapeutic doses to male rats, and doses 25 times higher than therapeutic doses250 mg / kg). Can you trust the rest of the statements and "studies"?

Neither in Western Europe nor in the United States Kagocel is not used, there are no WHO medicines on the list. The effectiveness of the drug is not proven according to the representatives of the Formulary Committee of the RAMS and SDMX. There were no statistical studies on the development of side effects as of autumn 2013.

The drug is actively recommended for use by adults and children, but evidence of the safety of this medicines for children 3-6 years old no, clinical studies for this age group are not was produced.

Reviews: Many help, some children and adults are allergic reactions in the form of rashes, swelling, itching.
Price: Kagocel - average180-280rub. In 2012, the volume of sales amounted to - 2.64 billion. rubles

Tyloron (Amiksin, Lavomax)

Pharmacological action: active ingredient Tiloron, possesses antiviral andimmunomodulatingaction, it is a synthetic inducer of interferon that stimulates the formation of interferons alpha, beta, gamma.

Side effects: short-term chills, allergic reactions, contraindicated in breastfeeding and pregnancy.

Issued: almost 40 years ago, children under 7 years of age are strictly prohibited.

Research: The benefits of the drug are unquestionable for both treatment and prevention of viral diseases, but this can overlap with potential harm to the body. In the 80's in the US, after tests on mice, the drug was banned, as it had a highly toxic effect,in experimental animals, retinal bundle, liver lipidosis and other side effects were observed. It does not apply in the US and the European Union. In our country, continue to produce antiviral Amiksin and doctors appoint it to patients.
A small study involved 14 patients who received tilorone in a dose of 152 and 189 g, in 2 the drug caused keratopathy and retinopathy (while the visual acuity did not decrease), these effects were reversible. The authors of the study concluded about the potential danger of the drug for health.
Reviews: The occurrence of allergic reactions, the high cost of medicine.
Price: Amiksin - on average500-560rub. Sales volume in 2012 amounted to 7 billion. rub.

Additionally! Medicines, the so-called immunomodulators - Lycopid, Polyoxidonium, Cycloferon, Proteflazide, Timogen, Panavir, Isoprinosine, Neovir, Groprinosin and others. - should not be used to treat children (for various diseases) without immunograms and serious indications as they do not have the proper clinical trials of efficacy and safety in the treatment children.

Antiviral drugs

Below are just some of the antiviral medications from Orvi, reviews about them, a brief description, comments on known studies of their effectiveness, the average price in pharmacies.

Ingavirin

Pharmacological action: active substance imidazolylethanamide pentandioic acid. It is active against adenovirus infection, influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial infection, parainfluenza. It is an immunomodulator that affects the functional activity of the interferon system.

Side effects: allergic reactions

Contraindicated: children under 18 years.

Produced: as a drug for the treatment of influenza and orgi from 2008, before that, according to prof. Vlasova Vasilia Vitaglutam (imidazolylethanamide pentane diacid) was used in Russia before 2008 as a stimulant for hematopoiesis in cancer patients receiving an anticancer therapy.

Research: According to the manufacturers, the idea of ​​producing Ingavirin arose in the 1980s, but Only after many years of research into its safety and efficacy was the drug submitted for registration by 2008 year. When Vitaglutam was used in patients with oncological diseases, there was no convincing evidence of its effectiveness. And when in 2008 Ingavirin appeared on the pharmaceutical market without full-fledged studies, the "epidemic of swine flu" began in the country, therefore Ingavirin was actively sold. The drug was recommended by the Ministry of Health and Social Development, even despite the absence of placebo-controlled studies, reasonable evidence of its effectiveness.

One study conducted at 105!!! of patients with confirmed influenza showed the following results:

• Receiving ingavirin reduced the duration of fever to 3 hours (if used in the first 1 days after the onset of the disease)
• In the placebo group, this is 72 hours
• In the group taking Arbidol - 48 hours

Analyzing the duration and intensity of flu symptoms - weakness, headache, dizziness in patients with ingavirin was confirmed to reduce the severity of the disease, side effects are not revealed.

In May 2009, Alexander Chuchalin, chief therapist of the Russian Federation, (he led a team of drug developers) gave an interview to the magazine Ogonek: "The new antiviral agent Ingavirin efficiency is much higher than that of the AmericanTamiflu. The Russian drug is quickly and easily integrated into the genome of the A / H1N1 virus, immediately destroying it. It is also effective with other dangerous viruses. "

Reviews: Most drug does not help, isolated cases confirm the reduction in the timing of the disease.

Price:380-460rub. From January to June 2010, the sales volume of Ingavirin was 220 million. rubles, 467 thousand packages were sold.

Arbidol

Pharmacological action: Antiviral, has the ability to suppress viruses of influenza A and B, SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome, associated coronavirus. Arbidol is also used in the complex therapy of acute rotavirus intestinal infections.
Active substance: Methylphenylthiomethyl-dimethylaminomethyl-hydroxybromoindole carboxylic acid ethyl ester.

Side effects: use of children under 3 years is prohibited, individual

allergic reactions.
Produced: invented in 1974, in 1992, it began its industrial production.

Research: Until 2013 there was no convincing evidence in its effectiveness and safety. Studies conducted in the USSR have not been published. In Russia in 2008, a study of 300 people showed that Viferon was more effective than Arbidol. In 2004, in China, tests for 230 patients with symptoms of Orvi showed it was not effective, in contrast to Tamiflu and Ingaverin. In 2009, in the journal of the UK "Antiviral Research the authors of the research stated that strains resistant to Arbidol are formed less frequently than those of Remantadine and Amantadine.

The Office of Quality Control of US Medicines denied registration of Arbidol in the United States, and WHO has never considered this drug as an effective antiviral drug.

Update on the drug: At the end of 2013, the World Health Organization Arbidol (umifenovir) as an antiviral drug with a direct effect, assigning it an individual code J05AX13. Thus, Pharmstandard received a nominal permission for widespread use of the drug on the territory of the Russian Federation, where Arbidol is included in the standards of treatment and prevention of influenza and ARVI in children and adults.

Nevertheless, the multicenter test of the effectiveness of Arbidol, which was planned to be completed in 2013, has not been completed to this day, and its terms have been postponed to 2015. The results of this test, which has serious sponsors and does not suffer from a shortage of patients, could put a dot over I in the arbidol epic, but for unknown reasons this is not occurs. I.eevidence of effectiveness is not present until now, it remains to wait ...

Reviews: The same number of positive reviews and opinions about the ineffectiveness of its use. There are isolated cases of allergic reactions in the form of dermatitis, angioedema, pain in the epigastric region.
Price: Arbidol - on average130-710rub. In 2012, the volume of sales - more than 5 billion. rub.

At the pharmaceutical market in Belarus, an analog of Arbidol, producer of JV "Lekpharm" appeared. It is a generic drug, in the Belarusian import-substituting packaging - Arpetol. The instructions to him indicate that the active substance is: arbidol hydrochloride? Once again, the commercialization of today's pharma market and the lack of proper control is proved!

Tamiflu

Pharmacological action: an antiviral drug, which includes oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite), suppresses influenza A and B viruses. When Orvi is not effective.

Side effects: Nausea, insomnia, diarrhea, dizziness, lethargy, cough, headaches, with caution to pregnant women and lactation. Contraindicated for children under 1 year.

Produced: since 1996, the pharmaceutical company "F. Hoffmann-La Roche "registered the right to develop

preparations containing oseltamivir.

Research: Tamiflu has a disadvantage - it complicates the diagnosis, because side effects are similar to the symptoms of influenza. It is dangerous in the epidemic period with long-term admission. Optimum effective only short-term use - a few days at the beginning of the flu. Independent researchers demanded a standard report from the Swiss manufacturer of 4-5 research modules. To which the pharmaceutical company provided only the first modules, repeated requests for full information were never satisfied.

Since 2004, cases of neuropsychic disorders began to be registered, more often in children and adolescents, who took Tamiflu during influenza - hallucinations, nightmares, confusion, convulsions, anxiety, etc.

Japanese postmarketing studies of this drug in 2006 have indicated a risk of developing impaired consciousness in humans - psychosis, depression, suicidal tendencies, especially in children. And there were also 54 deaths after Tamiflu, 16 of which were in adolescents 10-19 years (15 killed suicide, 1 died, hitting a car), the rest died of kidney failure (it is possible that due to severe flu).

The latest information about this drug:Back in April 2014, the Cochrane Society (an independent health research network) represented by Tom Jefferson and the British Medical the journal published data from the Cochrane review of studies that did not confirm the efficacy of Tamiflu and Relenza in the treatment and prevention influenza. Also, the efficacy of reducing influenza complications with these drugs has also been questioned. The firm attempts of Roche firm to fight back with a firm promise to provide undeniable evidence in the form of results of randomized trials have so far not been successful. Evidence is expected to present.

April 10, 2014, the Cochrane Collaboration website published the results of these 26 clinical trials Relenza and 20 clinical trials of Tamiflu, in which 2, 00 people participated.

As a result of the research it was found that:

• Oseltamivir as a preventive agent slightly reduces the risk of developing influenza in families, without reducing the ability of the influenza virus to be transmitted from person to person.
• The duration of symptoms is reduced by 16 hours (from 7 to, days), in children this effect is absent altogether.
• The drug has no effect on the risk of serious complications (sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis), that is, does not reduce the likelihood of complications.
• The medicine is recognized as sufficiently toxic, increasing the risk of nausea, vomiting in both children and adults.
• When used for preventive purposes, the drug was dangerous to health, because it leads to mental disorders, impaired renal function, in some cases found that it helps to reduce the production of their own antibodies to the virus.

Based on these studies, health officials of the world's leading countries should decide to stop mass procurement of antiviral drugs with the current substance Oseltamivir due to the high risk of side effects and low effectiveness as a medicine for the therapy and prevention of influenza virus in the period epidemic.

reference: only on the basis of the claims of the manufacturer Tamiflu that the drug significantly reduces the risk of serious complications and hospitalization of patients during the epidemic, countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States in 2009 in connection with the epidemic of swine flu, these drugs were purchased at 40 million doses (The USA, bln. dollars, Great Britain 424 million. f.St.).

Based on recent data on the low efficacy and non-safety of this antiviral agent, an international group experts in evidence-based medicine called on the governments of the world's leading countries to stop mass purchases of Tamiflu and Relenza.

Reviews: There are enough reviews about side effects in the form of vomiting, dizziness, psychosis, headache. The effectiveness of influenza is confirmed by many.

Price: Tamiflu-on average1200-1300rub.

Remantadine (Rimantadine)

Pharmacological action: antiviral drug, an adamantane derivative, suppresses various strains of the influenza A virus (swine flu including).

Side effects: contraindicated in pregnant women, children under 1 year. Reduces concentration of attention, causes dizziness, nervousness, headache, increased fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dryness in

mouth.

Produced: information on the first uses of the drug are known since 1968.

Research: The tests were conducted from 1981 to 2006, mainly they showed a lower toxicity of Remantadine in comparison with Amantadine. One study showed the effectiveness of preventing Amantadine influenza infection by 61% in compared with the placebo group and in the event that a person fell ill, then for 1 day reduced febrile syndrome. In the same study, he was compared to Tamiflu, he gave an efficacy of 73% of the placebo group. Rimantadine (Remantadine) is currently considered a drug with proven clinical efficacy, but the possible resistance to it of some strains of the influenza virus.

Reviews: There are reviews that Remantadin causes side effects - dizziness, tachycardia, bitterness in the mouth. In general, the reviews are positive.
Price: Remantadine - average50-150rub.

It is during the flu (including swine) with the first symptoms of therapists and pediatricians recommend: adults - Remantadin, Tamiflu. Children over 1 year old are shown by Orvir (rimantadine syrup), Viferon. Children older than 8 years can - Remantadin (in the table), Tamiflu.

Interferon preparations

Interferons are informant proteins, which are excreted by cells infected with viruses. They seem to inform other cells about the infection and the required inactivation of the virus. Alpha interferons produce lymphocytes, beta - fibroblasts. In addition to Viferon, the alpha group includes Intron, Reaferon, Kipferon.

Viferon

The creation of the drug was scientifically justified in the period 1990-1995. group of scientists of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. N.F. Gamaleia under the guidance of prof. Malinovskaya V.V.
Since December 1996 on the basis of the same SRI, serial production of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in suppositories begins. Viferon - a candle with a different content of the active substance.

Application:

• Viferon-1 (150000 IU) is designed for babies from birth to 7 years. It is used in ARVI, herpetic infection, as an additional remedy for prolonged pneumonia or sepsis, including in preterm infants with intrauterine infections. The drug is given a course for 5 days. Children under 7 years are recommended 1 candle 2 times a day. Preterm, born on a period of more than 34 weeks - as children under 7 years. With a shorter gestation period - 1 candle three times a day. If necessary, after a five-day break, the course can be repeated for another 5 days.
• In children older than seven years, an adult drug in candles for 50, 00 IU is used twice a day for five days. Possible use of viferon in pregnant women.
• Candles with viferon content of , 0, 00 and , 0, 00 IU are used in the treatment of viral hepatitis and herpetic infections.
• The preparation in the form of ointment is intended for the therapy of herpes on the skin and mucous membranes in adults and children older than a year.

Side effects: the main side effect of drugs viferon may be an allergic reaction, which happens infrequently.

Research: As for the effectiveness of the drug, it is not included in list A of evidence-based pharmacology. I.e,wide randomized trials in humans consistent with international standards were not performed. However, a positive practical experience of treatment with viferon in pediatric practice is available. (By the way, nitroglycerin also does not have randomized studies that prove its effectiveness, which does not make it an ineffective first-line drug for stenocardia). Publications of these clinical trials of the drug are available only in Russian and were conducted only in domestic clinics. Value for money allows pediatricians to recommend a drug for ARVI treatment in children younger than seven years. For adults in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is of limited use because of rectal administration and the availability of alternative drugs.

The main arguments of the opponents of the drug:

• high molecular weight of protein molecules that can not be absorbed in the gut
• lack of clinical trials that meet international standards.

Kipferon

In candle light a little expensive for the treatment of common colds. Therefore, it is replaced by viferon. But, with severe forms of intestinal dysbiosis in children of the first two years of life, the drug shows good clinical results.

Studies: Randomized trials were not conducted, that is, the drugrefers to the list of drugs with unproven effects. The main claims:

• High molecular weight, which prevents normal absorption
• Adding to the drug components of the donor blood, which can cause fever and allergies.

Cycloferon

Cycloferon was originally registered as a veterinary drug in 1993 for the treatment of animals with viral infections, in 1995 it was already honey. a drug.

The drug Cycloferon is approved for use in adults and children older than four years. Produced in solution for injection, tablets, liniment. Refers to immunomodulating drugs, is an inducer of interferon, enhancing its production and exhibiting antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties.

Application: on the territory of the Russian Federation is used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, viral hepatitis, herpes infection, human papillomaviruses and other urological and gynecological pathologies (eg, candidiasis, chlamydia).
Contraindications: The drug is not recommended for pregnant and lactating. May cause an allergic reaction.
Research: Cycloferon is an immunostimulant that stimulates the immune system and the production of interferons. To date, allclinical trialsthis drug, published in the medical literature,were conducted only in the territory of the Russian Federation and do not meet international standards.

There are no serious clinical trials for cycloferon that would prove its effectiveness or refuted the absence of long-term adverse effects of this drug (development of autoimmune diseases). It is not superfluous to recall that all drugs that are on the pharma market for less than five years are still at the fifth level pharmacological tests and it is quite possible to identify previously unknown undesirable effects from drugs such series. In the presence of newly identified harmful effects, the drug will be withdrawn from the pharmacy networks and discontinued, and most of those who have been treated with this remedy and have earned some disruptions in health are unlikely to receive at least some compensation.

Conclusions:

Ineffectiveness of antiviral agents due to the stability of strains of the virus

The lack of a positive effect with the use of certain antiviral drugs for influenza is possible, and because there are drug-resistant viruses and a specific influenza strain may already be resistant to a particular drug (eg, Remantadin).

Other treatments and placebo effect

It is also possible that patients whose reviews indicate the efficacy of such remedies were quickly recovered by other methods of symptomatic treatment, and the placebo effect is not excluded (cf. amazing facts about placebo).

Strong immunity

In a healthy organism, after 2-3 days, the immune system produces enough protective antibodies against the virus, it does not need additional medicines. It is enough to comply with all the known rules - bed rest, plentiful hot drink, vitaminized foods and drinks, clean air in the patient's room, gargling, etc.

Rapid recovery with antiviral drugs

In various life situations, reducing the duration of the disease even for one day can be very important, for example - wedding day, urgent business trip, important business deal, exam, interview and etc. It is in such cases that the use of antiviral drugs, which reduce the duration of the illness by 2-3 days, may make sense.

There are no adequate studies

Absence of benign studies on the study of effectiveness and side effects (on a large group of people, different ages, during long time), most antiviral agents from Orvi and influenza suggest the caution of their use or even the rejection of them.

Do not spend money on pacifiers

Spending money, in some cases, considerable, on drugs with unproved efficacy, side effects, questionable safety, perhaps, is not advisable. Any medicine, even useless or empty, can damage the body.

Video transmission: How the placebo effect works

• sec: 4 min. - about what means are usually prescribed by doctors
• with 2: 0 - about the effect of placebo on the work of the immune system
• with 3: 7 - about the high effect of placebo in children
• with 3: 5 - about preparations-pustachki, appointed or nominated at ORVI
• with 3: 0 - about homeopathy and antiviral drugs in ARVI
• with 4: 7 - on how modern research is conducted

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