From this article you will learn: what determines the prognosis and quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation. How often the complications of this pathology develop, and what to do to minimize them. Also we will consider some results of studies of the life of people with atrial fibrillation.
Contents of the article:
- Evaluation of the quality of life( facts, research)
- Why it is important to strictly implement the recommendations for treatment
- Three complications of atrial fibrillation
Fibrillation is a rhythm disorder of the heartbeat, which can be cured completely only in 10% of cases( those patients whopromptly turned for help).But even if you can restore the sinus rhythm, then throughout life, patients are forced to take maintenance therapy. For the remaining 90% of patients, flickering will remain with them for all years of life.
The standard of living and possible complications in patients depend on three factors:
- the patient's attitude towards the disease,
- complications of atrial fibrillation,
- how conscientiously the patient complies with the doctor's recommendations for treatment.
The combination of these factors determines the forecast: for some patients it is favorable, for others - not very.
How many live patients with flicker? And 20, and 40 years. Much depends on how the patient relates to his health, and in what mood he is.
Assessment of the quality of life
Doctors assess the quality of life of patients on special questionnaires for patients with arrhythmia.
Let's give some data from the individual studies built on these questionnaires, then we will dwell in detail on one of them:
- In women, the quality of life is worse than that of men( study of American scientists).
- Women present more complaints about poor physical well-being.
- Men believe that over time their social adaptation is reduced.
- All patients report a deterioration in quality of life during interruption of arrhythmia treatment or anticoagulant use.
The quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation is reduced due to constant waiting for seizures, anxiety for one's own health, fear due to cardiac arrest, and also because of the upcoming spending on treatment and purchase of medicines. These data were obtained during a questionnaire by Russian doctors of patients with atrial fibrillation.
Results of the quality of life study, its results
In 2015, a study was conducted in which two groups of patients participated: with atrial fibrillation and without. At the same time in both groups there were people with concomitant diseases in the form of hypertension, heart defects, ischemia of the heart, kidney diseases.
The aim of the study was to find out whether the quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation is worse than in the absence of these rhythm disturbances.
For the purity of the experiment, the study did not include patients with a critical stage of heart failure, underlying patients and those who suffered strokes.
All patients completed the questionnaire "The quality of life of a patient with arrhythmia"( author Libis R. A.) out of 22 questions.
Based on the results, patients with rhythm disturbances had worse results and assessed their condition worse in answering the following questions:
- Palpitation felt 2 times more often.
- Fear of cardiac arrest is more pronounced 2.5 times.
- Dyspnoea attacks occurred 50% more often.
- Decreased mood is more pronounced and more common in patients with atrial fibrillation.
- The agonizing expectation of flickering( or intermittent) attacks was 1.5 times more often
But on a number of questions both groups of patients answered the same:
- How much you were raised or lowered by the salary for the time of illness.
- Did you have to move to a lower post.
- You have experienced difficulties in the sexual sphere.
- Is it necessary to limit physical activity in everyday life.
- Is it necessary, for health reasons, to limit yourself to your favorite food.
- You have experienced difficulties in traveling from home.
We see that atrial fibrillation really worsens the quality of life of patients, which is associated not only with attacks of rhythm disturbances, but also with patients' attitude to pathology.
But the safety of higher brain functions shows that the treatment of arrhythmia is effective and allows you to maintain an active life for a long time. It is very important to continue the treatment prescribed by the doctors to improve your own life prediction.
Why it is important to strictly follow the recommendations for treatment
Patients who faithfully follow the recommendations of doctors have a better prognosis and a longer life expectancy.
Medicine is not able to take full control of atrial fibrillation: some drugs are too expensive, others are ineffective or cause side effects and at times toxic effects. And the number of patients with atrial fibrillation is steadily increasing.
The patient needs to see the results and effect of the treatment;it is important to know how long to take the medication. Doctors conduct large studies, in which thousands of patients from different clinics take part: and it is reliably proven that patients who take regular medications and trust the doctor are two to three times less likely to have flicker complications.
The electrocardiogram of the patient shows the stages of treatment of atrial fibrillation with the help of hybrid therapy Three complications of atrial fibrillation
- Heart failure.
- Thromboembolic disorders.
- Intellectual Disabilities.
1. Heart failure
Heart failure is a complex of symptoms that are caused by a violation of the heart muscle and a deterioration of the blood supply to organs and tissues.
The New York classification of chronic heart failure( NYHA) identifies 4 of its functional classes( FC 1, FC 2, FC 3, PC 4).
It is based on stability and ability to withstand physical activity.
There are four classes:
- You can easily classify yourself as the first class in NYHA, if the usual physical activity does not cause any discomfort, dyspnea and / or heartbeat
- The second class includes patients who have difficulty in performing normal physical activities, but there are no complaints at rest.
- To the third class is attributed in the event that exercise is impossible, since there is shortness of breath, palpitations. At rest there are still no complaints.
- The fourth class includes those patients who complain at rest. Any loads are excluded.
Using this simple classification, you can independently determine whether heart failure progresses or whether it can slow down its development.
With the progression of heart failure, the patient's death may occur. The prognosis of life is unfavorable if the patient is in the 4th functional class - lethality is more than 60%, in the third - 40%.
2. Thromboembolic complications
Thromboembolic complications are a serious problem in atrial fibrillation. The source of blood clots is the heart.
The prognosis of stroke risk in this case is high and is 5% per year for each patient among other complications.
Atrial thrombi is detected in 10% of patients with atrial fibrillation.
The risk of developing thromboembolism, on average, is 30-53% lower if taking medications.
3. Disturbance of cognitive functions
Cognitive functions include memory, recognition and understanding of the purpose of objects, performing arbitrary movements, attention, intelligence. Normally, a healthy person may experience "interruptions" in the work of these systems against the background of fatigue, chronic lack of sleep, hunger. The states that accompany flicker are chronic and progress if not treated. This leads to discomfort and discomfort in everyday life.
The prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation for such conditions is not very favorable - the older a person is, the less chance of restoring the intellect.
There are three stages of violations:
- The mild stage of cognitive impairment almost does not cause a change in the way of life. All changes remain within the age limits( that is, they are inherent in age, because all people are getting old).
- In the middle stage, there are obstacles to obtaining and mastering new skills. Complex activities become inaccessible - people of intellectual work are very sensitive to this condition. However, a person retains complete independence and is able to serve himself in everyday life.
- In the third stage, intellect is sharply reduced, dementia, hallucinations develop. Man is not able to serve himself in the home. Dementia develops in patients with atrial fibrillation develops 2.5 times more often than in peers without this pathology.
Dementia with atrial fibrillation develops due to the weak contractility of the heart( when little blood enters the brain) and the occurrence of foci of a micro stroke in the brain.
A quarter of patients with atrial fibrillation detect "mute" strokes during routine MRI( magnetic resonance imaging) - that is, they developed without apparent neurologic symptoms.
