Syndrome of an itch after a fracture of a radial bony of a hand

Zudeck's Syndrome

Such pathology as Zudek's syndrome, in recent years has attracted more attention of specialists in the field of traumatology and orthopedics.

This interest, first of all, is due to a significant increase in the incidence of this ailment, as well as a high degree of disability of patients.

This violation in medical literature can still be found under the name of algodostrophy, Zudeck's disease, post-traumatic osteoporosis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) of the limb, vegetative-irritative or neurodystrophic syndrome.

At the moment it is proved that RSD can occur after a number of diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal apparatus, but most often this disorder is diagnosed in those patients who have suffered from a fracture of the hands or feet.

If you look at modern statistics, you can see that Zudek's syndrome develops in 62% after fracture of the radius of the arm, in 30% - with damage to the lower extremities, and in 8%, the pathology is observed with fractures humerus.

What is it - Zudeck's syndrome

A clear definition of Zudek's syndrome does not exist today, but most specialists under this term imply a pathological process of dystrophic character that affects the bones, joints, soft tissues, blood vessels and nerves, develops due to traumatic injury of the limbs (most often due to a fracture bones). That is, RSD is not an isolated disease, but only a complication of trauma.

Pathology is progressive, accompanied by chronic pain syndrome, impaired limb function, its gradual deformation, trophic disorders, the development of osteoporosis and other degenerative changes, stiffness in adjacent joints and, as a consequence of the described changes, disability of the patient.

Causes

It is important to remember that fracture itself is not the cause of Zudeck's syndrome. In most cases, such injuries are successfully treated without any complications and consequences.

And after some time, required for therapy and recovery, a person embarks on routine daily and professional activities.

But in cases when the treatment was not rendered in the right amount or was not there at all, rehabilitation was not carried out or it was poor quality, if the patient has neglected the advice of the attending physician, various complications may develop, among which the syndrome Zudek.

In most cases, Zudec's syndrome develops after a fracture of the radius arm of the forearm

Risk factors for the development of algodostrophy of the limb:

• improperly rendered medical assistance in repositioning bone fracture, with immobilization;
• too taut plaster bandage;
• early removal of gypsum;
• excessive limb activity in the first days after removal of gypsum;
• non-compliance with the recommendations of a specialist;
• lack of rehabilitation or short duration;
• incorrect application of physical therapy, physiotherapy and kinesiology;
• wrong diagnosis, when a fracture is taken for a bruise or a dislocation;
• unprofessional performance of medical massage or its absence;
• insufficient anesthesia at the stage of reposition and immobilization of fragments of bones;
• Too long wearing of a plaster bandage.

The exact mechanism of the development of the disease is not yet established, but all researchers agree that the main role in the development of the disease is attributed to violations of the function of the autonomic nervous system.

The involvement of nerve fibers in the process of inflammation during fracture leads to a violation of the regulation of the vascular tone.

Damage to the fibers of the autonomic nervous system triggers the development of Zudeck's syndrome

Disorders of local circulation become stable, degenerative processes begin to prevail over the restoration of tissues, the growth begins connective tissue, dystrophic and atrophic changes in bones and soft tissues, which eventually affects negatively the function of the limb as a whole and leads to disability.

Symptoms and consequences

The clinical manifestations of the Zudeck syndrome are highly demonstrative and depend on the phase of the pathological process:

1. The first phase, or the onset of the disease. In this case, the most severe pain syndrome and vasomotor disorders.
2. The second phase, the height of the disease. At this point, more dystrophic processes are more active and trophic disorders are most pronounced.
3. The third phase, or outcome. It is also called the stage of atrophy and stable decompensation, that is, in this period the disease comes to its logical conclusion with the formation of a defect of varying severity.

The photo shows a healthy arm and hand with Zudeck's syndrome in phase 1 of one patient after a fracture of the radius

So, for the first stage of Zudeck's syndrome the following symptoms are typical:

• abnormal color of the skin of the injured limb (redness);
• pronounced edema of soft tissues, which goes beyond the norm for this trauma;
• a feeling of heat in the injured limb, an increase in local temperature;
• pronounced diffuse pain that goes beyond the boundaries of damage, increases with any movements, also worries the patient and at rest;
• impaired motor activity in the injured limb.

And we advise you to read: there are fractures

The appearance of the described signs in the rehabilitation period after the fracture should alert the patient and his doctor.

This will allow diagnosing RSD at the very beginning of development, which will directly affect the success of treatment.

Very often neither victims nor their doctors give attention to the described symptoms, as they consider them normal reaction of the body to trauma, and in the meantime, pathology progresses and passes into the second stage.

In the second phase, the skin acquires a cyanotic or purple hue, the swelling thickens and enlarges its area, painful muscular spasms appear, the skin feels cold to the touch.

As the disease progresses, the skin becomes thinner, smooth and shiny (skin atrophy), muscle and subcutaneous tissue are thinning, problems with hair and nails develop on the affected extremities.

Radiography and densitometry can reveal osteoporosis of bones at this stage.

If you do not diagnose Zudeck's syndrome in time and start treatment, a person can lose the function of the affected limb

If the progression of the disease does not stop at the second stage, the pathological process passes into the third phase, in which the dystrophic processes end atrophy.

The affected limb is much less healthy, there is practically no muscle and fat tissue, the bones are thin and brittle. All this is accompanied by constant chronic pain.

Various contractures develop, which cause the loss of the function of the arm or leg.

Diagnostic Methods

Diagnostics of RSD is based on the history of the patient (the presence of trauma in the patient, the history of his illness and a list of the treatment and rehabilitation methods used), as well as the characteristic clinical symptoms. In the second stage, radiography is useful to confirm the diagnosis, with the help of which spotted osteoporosis of bones is revealed.

In some cases, resort to additional diagnostic procedures, for example, thermography, ultrasound, dopplerography vessels, neurozography, myography, radioisotope scanning, dolorimetry, arthrocyrocomometry, goniometry dynamometry and others.

Syndrome Zudeka on the roentgenogram - clearly spotted osteoporosis

Treatment of Zudeck's syndrome

The treatment of Zudek's syndrome is performed by a traumatologist-orthopedist. It can be conservative and surgical. Therapy should be comprehensive and include the following activities:

• immobilization of the affected limb;
• application of cold compresses;
• therapeutic exercises, kinesiotherapy;
• acupuncture;
• Physiotherapy (ultrasound, magnet, etc.);
• medicamentous treatment (analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vasodilators, vitamins, muscle relaxants, alpha-adrenoreceptor blockers, calcium antagonists, corticosteroids, neuroleptics, antidepressants).

If conservative treatment is ineffective, the patient can be offered surgery, which consists in a sympathetic blockade of the nerve endings of the affected limb. In severe cases, arthrodesis of the joints, surgical stretching of the affected area, osteotomy of the radius and other surgical procedures may be necessary.

Unfortunately, there are no effective preventive measures for Zudeck's syndrome. Therefore, in order to avoid such an unpleasant and dangerous complication of the fracture, it is necessary to perform clearly all medical prescriptions and in no case should not neglect the rehabilitation program after injury.

A source: http://MoyaSpina.ru/bolezni/sindrom-zudeka

Features of the manifestation of Zudeck's syndrome and its treatment

Sometimes after a trauma of a limb there is such complication, as dystrophic syndrome of Zudek, whose treatment is complex and prolonged. The process of rehabilitation requires considerable efforts of both doctors and the patient, because the syndrome affects bone, soft tissues and nerve fibers.

Definition and description of the disease

This pathological condition has many names: Zudek's atrophy, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, posttraumatic dystrophy, neurodystrophic syndrome. In 1996, pathology was given a single name - "complex regional pain syndrome".

With Zudek's syndrome, there are signs of regional vasomotor and trophic insufficiency. There is a disruption of the autonomic nervous system.

Prolonged and intense pain syndrome, swelling, infection lead to the fact that the sympathetic nerves are constantly in tone regardless of the source and strength of the stimulus.

Frequent Syndrome Zudeka after fracture of the radius of the arm and ankle. Perhaps the manifestation of this pathological condition and after bruises or burns with deep damage to soft tissues.

In the case of damage to the brush, the neurodystrophic syndrome usually accompanies the fracture of the proximal epiphysis of the radius.

There are three stages of development of the pathological process:

1. The acute stage. It is characterized by inflammation of microcapillaries, hyperemia of the skin of the damaged area, local increase in temperature and other symptoms of the inflammatory process. At this stage, the patient is suffering severe pain.
2. Development of the dystrophic process. Neurodystrophic syndrome in this phase is accompanied by spasms of the capillary network, which causes an increase in tone large vessels and stagnant phenomena in them, this causes a violation of metabolic processes in tissues extremities. At this stage of the pathological process, the formation of thrombi within the vessels is possible. The damaged limb is still swollen, the skin acquires a purple color with signs of cyanosis, which is often demonstrated in the photo to illustrate the clinical picture of the disease.
3. The stage of atrophy is a consequence of prolonged disruption of blood supply and innervation. Dystrophic processes predominate over regenerative processes, which causes hyperplasia of connective tissue cells and scarring of the skin, muscles and tendons. Contracture is developing. For example, if you do not treat Zudeck atrophy after fracture of the radius of the arm, the limb loses its ability to completely bend and unbend due to contracture and pain syndrome. Possible development of such complications as focal osteoporosis, tendon fibrosis, ossification of the joints.

Etiology

Atrophy of Zudeck after a fracture of the radius of the arm often develops due to poor-quality therapy with violation of the key principles of rehabilitation.

To damage can incorrect immobilization of a brush: insufficiently or too tight bandage, fixing in non-physiological position.

To provoke neurodystrophic hand syndrome can be painful and careless manipulations with first aid, too intense massage and passive movements in the process rehabilitation.

The cause of the development of this pathological condition can be not only fractures, but also severe bruises, and also deep wounds and burns, which are accompanied by severe pain, a violation of sympathetic innervation and blood supply extremities.

Clinical picture

It is possible to distinguish the following main symptoms of the Syndrome of Zudeck:

1. Intensive unceasing pain, including in a state of rest, which is enhanced by movement or palpation.
2. Limitation of the volume and amplitude of motion due to pain syndrome.
3. Diffuse swelling of the extremity.
4. Changes in the state of the skin: an increase in local temperature and redness due to blood filling of the vessels is replaced by a decrease in temperature and cyanosis. The skin acquires a characteristic marble appearance, which is clearly seen in the photo. Over time, it becomes thinner due to atrophy of subcutaneous fat, more smooth and acquires a kind of shine. Nails and hair become thin and brittle, while at the same time on the affected area the hair grows more intensively.
5. Atrophy of muscle tissue.
6. Progressive focal osteoporosis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made on the basis of the collected anamnesis, examination and evaluation of clinical signs. To confirm the diagnosis, make an X-ray, which is the most informative in the third stage.

In the picture you can see a characteristic picture of osteoporosis: decrease in the density of the shadow in the image, thinning cortical plate, signs of atrophy (trabeculae of bone tissue not visible, bone marrow space extended).

Examination with a thermal imager demonstrates the temperature difference between healthy and diseased tissues, which is especially significant in the 2 stages of the disease.

Ultrasound can evaluate the condition of blood vessels.

Methods of treatment

To treat the neurodystrophic syndrome is necessary in a complex, taking into account the clinical picture and the stage of development of pathology. The scheme of conservative treatment should include drug therapy, physiotherapy and exercise therapy.

To the doctor-rehabilitologist it is best to apply for 1-2 stages of the disease, not allowing osteoporosis.

Therapeutic measures in this case are reduced to the elimination of disorders from the nervous and circulatory systems and the prevention of their consequences.

At the 3 stages of the disease, the treating physician has to face the consequences of trophic disturbances and innervation of tissues. It is necessary to take measures to eliminate contracture and restore muscle tone.

Prescribe antispasmodics theonikol, papaverine or drotaverine.

To restore blood circulation in peripheral vessels and detoxification, intravenous infusions of plasma-substituting and anti-shock of the drug Reopoliglyukin, for the prevention of thrombosis, dextran is used to further improve blood microcirculation - pentoxifylline. Conduct 4-5 procedures with a weekly interval between them. The dosage of medications is determined by the attending physician.

If the patient has signs of impaired innervation of the injured limb, use drugs - cholinesterase blockers (eg, Proserin) and vasodilators (Dibazol).

As maintenance therapy, vitamins B: B1, B6, B12 and trifosadenin are prescribed for the prevention of myodystrophy. Well-proven in the Syndrome Zudeck biogenic stimulants.

In the third stage of the disease, ozocerite and phototherapy are additionally prescribed.

Phonophoresis with aminophylline helps to reduce pain, electrophoresis with potassium iodide has a resolving effect.

The patient is shown a cautious massage, orthopedic fixation in extreme positions. After it is possible to reduce pain, prescribe therapeutic exercise.

Exercises the doctor selects individually, depending on what kind of limb suffered. For the brush, this is the training of the grip function, rotational movements.

It is important to perform exercises carefully, avoiding pain and fatigue.

At home, you can treat the neurodystrophic syndrome with folk remedies. This is quite acceptable in the early stages of the pathological process:

1. Apply the infusion of dill and parsley, for which 200 g of greens are poured, l of hot water and insist for 3 hours. Infusion take 100 ml 3 times a day for six months. It strengthens the bones, improves the condition of the vessels.
2. To this end, you can take a decoction of St. John's wort: 1 tbsp. dry raw material pour 1 glass of water, brew and let it brew for 30-40 minutes. Decoction take 1 tbsp. 3 times a day.
3. At home, you can do compresses on the affected area. To do this, prepare an alcohol tincture of chamomile, sweet clover, birch buds, St. John's wort, comfrey, walnut leaves. Raw materials are mixed in equal proportions and insist on alcohol for at least 3 days. The compress is applied overnight for 2 weeks.

Before starting treatment with folk remedies, consult a doctor.

A source: https://OrtoCure.ru/kosti-i-sustavy/boli-i-hrusty/sindrom-zudeka.html

Syndrome Zudeka: symptoms and treatment

Zudek's syndrome is a rather dangerous disease that can occur after a limb injury.

In order to avoid complications, it is necessary to detect the symptoms of this syndrome in time and consult a doctor. In this article, we will consider this disease in detail.

In addition to describing the symptoms, we will talk about the causes of Zudeck's syndrome and treatment methods. Are you interested? Then read this article.

Disease history

For the first time Syndrome Zudek was introduced in 1900. Then the famous German surgeon P.

Zudek presented a clear description of the radiographic signs (more specifically, the transparency of the bone pattern), which occurred with certain inflammatory reactions with joints and bone tissue (this was accompanied by a very rapid atrophy).

Thus, Zudek was able to prove that the leading role is played by the violation of local vegetative reactions. Thanks to this discovery, the world of orthopedics and traumatology has noticeably changed.

The emergence of Zudeck's syndrome

As mentioned above, the main cause of the disease is limb injuries, which are accompanied by various disorders of trophic and vasomotor character.

Quite often the reason for the occurrence of Zudek's syndrome is incorrect or simply mistaken treatment of damaged bone, banal ignorance of the basics of rehabilitation of bone tissue, improper immobilization (fixation of the bone in a fixed position), etc. e. After carrying out the immobilization process, various hot procedures can become aggravating factors and so called coarse rehabilitation, which is carried out through passive movements and non-professional massage.

There is also a natural connection between the broken bone and the probability of getting Zudeck's syndrome.

After a fracture of the radius of the arm, for example, the probability of acquiring this disease is about 60%.

In addition, quite often the causative agent of the Zudeck syndrome can be a disease of the spine.

Syndrome Zudeka: symptoms

The development of symptoms in the syndrome of Zudeck occurs in three main stages:

• The first stage. Initially, the skin appears a small swelling and redness. The patient is concerned about the pain in the damaged area. The brush, in turn, has limited mobility, and the skin around it is hot to the touch. As a rule, most people ignore the above and consider them quite natural after getting injured.
• The second stage. Edema begins to increase, and the skin acquires a characteristic bluish tinge. There are muscle spasms, muscle tone increases. Gradually, muscle and skin are atrophied. Starting from this stage, on the X-ray, you can clearly see the specific spots that are located near the bones.
• The third stage. Muscles and skin begin to atrophy even faster, resulting in a rarefaction of bone tissue. The limb completely loses its mobility, and the pain begins to build up and becomes difficult to bear. At this stage, the disease is already in a chronic form.

Diagnosis of Zudeck's syndrome

Diagnosis of Zudeck's syndrome is based on the evaluation of clinical symptoms. In addition, additional procedures are taken into account.

At a roentgen of a problem bone the osteoporosis of a bone and ankylosis of joints very precisely and clearly is defined. This makes it possible to diagnose Zudeck's syndrome with a 100% probability. Also quite often resort to inspection by a thermal imager.

It allows you to learn more about the condition of blood vessels in the damaged area. Thanks to this information, the doctor will be able to prescribe more precise treatment.

Syndrome Zudeka: treatment

Treatment is appointed on the basis of the completed studies. Syndrome Zudek well succumbed to cupping in the first and second stages. For treatment it is necessary to carry out anesthetizing and medicamental therapy.

The second involves the intake of B group vitamins, vasodilators and muscle relaxants (medications that are designed to relax muscle tissue).

In special cases, surgical intervention may be required.

The third stage of the disease is characterized by a decrease in the size of the brush (atrophy). Atrophy irreversibly affects tissues and joints, so even after the treatment of Zudeck's syndrome, dystrophy of the brush may appear.

In this case, in addition to standard medical treatment, the patient also receives special gymnastics, therapeutic massage and special physiotherapy procedures.

All these procedures help not only to cure Zudeck's syndrome, but also to prevent.

However, it is worth remembering that reliable prevention of this disease simply does not exist.

Therefore, in order to avoid the exacerbation of Zudeck's syndrome, care must be taken to injuries of the hand.

And in the case of the slightest suspicion of exacerbation, you need to contact your doctor as soon as possible. To avoid relapse will help only competent and timely treatment.

A source: https://www.syl.ru/article/206876/new_sindrom-zudeka-simptomyi-i-lechenie

What is meant by Zudek syndrome, how dangerous is this pathology and how is it treated?

Today's Syndrome suffers from a considerable number of people. Its cause is not only the previous injury of the limb, but also the limited movement. It is very important to prevent this complication, as it will help to avoid treatment, which, incidentally, is not always effective.

Syndrome Zudeka (SZ) is a complication in trauma to the limb (for example, after fracture of the radius of the arm or with damage to the brush). Such a condition provokes destruction or inflammation of the bone, nervous and soft tissues.

In addition, the probability of occurrence of NW is increased due to repeated surgery or fracture.

Historical reference

In 1900 P. Zudek conducted a description of the pathology with characteristic radiographic signs after damage to the bones of the inflammatory nature, as well as their articulations, with the further process of atrophy.

This phenomenon was eventually called "Atrophy or Syndrome Zudek." After this anomaly described a specialist from the Faction - R. Lerish.

At the end of the twentieth century, scientists decided to replace certain terms that constituted the concept of "Zudeck's Atrophy" for the designation of CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome).

Nevertheless, in their practice, most specialists continue to use the definition of "Zudek syndrome but the designation of CRPS is almost not used.

It is also important to note that NW is often diagnosed in the age group and its primary sign is a fracture:

• radius (in 62% of cases);
• bones of the legs (30%);
• humerus (8%).

Features of the symptoms of the disease

It should be emphasized that the signs of the syndrome depend entirely on the stage of the development of the disease.

1. The initial stage is characterized by soreness, swelling and redness of the skin. In addition, any reddened area of ​​the skin seems hotter than the temperature of other covers.
2. In the second stage of the NW the skin becomes bluish, and muscle spasms are noted. Simultaneously, the radiography shows the presence of spots, which are observed in the case of damage to the bone.
3. The third and final stage of the disease is associated with loss of joint mobility, and every movement of the arm or leg is accompanied by pain.

The result is purely treatment of the disease in two initial stages. Their therapy is simple and it instantly leads to a person's recovery.

For the final stage of the Syndrome, the Syndrome is characterized by a chronic form, and it is accompanied by atrophic processes.

That's why only partial treatment is possible.

Causes of development

Specialists point to several reasons provoking the development of SZ:

• load on bones that have been injured;
• incorrectly imposed bandage (for example, on the brush) is capable of causing compression of damaged tissues;
• a psychological factor (often people are exposed to illness, phobias are a distinctive feature).

Diagnosis and treatment

As a rule, Zudek's syndrome is revealed during the first visit to the neurologist. An attentive specialist will clarify whether the patient had a bone fracture or other damage in recent times.

In order to confirm the diagnosis, a blood test should be performed, an X-ray done and taking into account the conducted studies, taking into account the stage of the disease, the patient is treated individually.

When the acute form of the disease was identified during the examination, the doctor applies a fixator (usually in the region of the radius or the hand) in order to immobilize the limb.

After that, the doctor selects and prescribes the course of treatment.

Therapy with medication allows you to align the patient's condition in the shortest possible time. If we talk about the chronic stage of the disease, then this condition of the patient requires carrying out exercises for LGC.

But often people who are supposedly progressing to Zudeck's syndrome do not rush to the doctor and prefer to treat the disease with folk remedies. And from year to year, these methods are gaining more adherents.

Nevertheless, this treatment has no confirmation from traditional medicine, so first of all it is worthwhile to seek qualified help.

Preventive actions

The basis of prevention can be called:

• correct period of limb fixation;
• painless manipulation;
• early physiotherapy;
• moderate load.

However, the complexity of preventive measures is reduced to the lack of assessment of the importance of any of the factors capable of provoking after such a phenomenon.

In order to avoid further negative effects of NW and avoid its treatment, attention should be paid to repeated injuries (in particular, to avoid fracture of the radius).

In addition, for any suspicion, you need to immediately go to a medical facility. Only timely medical intervention can save from the negative consequences after.

A source: http://drpozvonkov.ru/pozvonochnik/drugie-bolezni/sindrom-zudeka.html

How Zudek's Syndrome Is Treated

Syndrome Zudeka is not often diagnosed pathology. Despite this, it is necessary to know the causes of the disease, prevention measures. This will help start therapy on time and avoid unpleasant complications.

What is Zudeck's Syndrome

By this pathology is meantthe condition that develops as a result of the injuries of the upper limb.

During treatment, as a rule, the activity of movements is limited or they are completely absent. This is the starting factor for the development of Syndrome (atrophy) of Zudeck.

The mechanism of the disease is the occurrence of an inflammatory process of all structures of the hand. It is noted that patients of older age suffer this pathology more often.

Causes

The disease develops due to various injuries. Syndrome Zudeka after fracture of the radius of the arm appears most often.

Significance also has damage to the ulna.

If the treatment process is wrong or incomplete, it will lead to the emergence of Zudeck's syndrome.

These factors lead to disruption of metabolic processes in the damaged limb.There is an intensification of stagnant processes in the zone of pathology, the functioning of nerves and vessels is not restored.

In addition to injuries, the appearance of symptoms of the Zudeck syndrome can lead to some disturbances in hormonal metabolism.Sometimes pathology appears as a manifestation of a neurosis or an oncological tumor.

Stages of development

During the disease, there are 3 stages. Classification is based on radiological changes and clinical signs. It looks like this:

1. initial stageSyndrome Zudeka is called acute, characterized by the fact that patients do not notice improvement after 7 days after receiving the injury. Patients complain of severe pain syndrome, swelling and redness of the skin, a local increase in temperature. Any movement and palpation contribute to increased symptoms, even immobilization is not able to help. Gradually the skin can become cyanotic, the muscles atrophy. The amplitude of movements is significantly limited. Radiographic examination diagnoses shading of the pathological area of ​​non-uniform nature.
2. The second stageSyndrome Zudeka is called dystrophy. During this period, patients complain about the ongoing pain syndrome, the immobility of the joints. The skin is cold to the touch, a bluish shade, the muscles begin to gradually atrophy. In the pictures, cloud shadows are diagnosed, bone tissue structures are thinner.
3. The last stage, or atrophy, is the ultimate in the course of the disease. Usually develops about 2 years after the injury. In the upper limb irreversible changes occur, only surgical treatment of Zudeck's syndrome can help patients. Visually, there is atrophy of the hand, the joints do not function completely, the skin is cold to the touch. The connective tissue replaces the normal. X-ray examination shows signs of osteoporosis.

Apparently, the pathology is better to recognize and begin to treat as early as possible, otherwise it threatens a complete loss of mobility of the upper limb.

Symptoms

With normal healing of the hand after receiving any injury, the intensity of the pain syndrome decreases after the imposition of immobilization, the puffiness disappears, the skin is warm.

With Zudek's syndrome patients note that this symptomatology does not disappear, but only intensifies.

The pain syndrome becomes more pronounced, the puffiness also increases, the skin is warm, even hot to the touch, hyperemic.

After 14 days, the pain is disturbed only by palpation, but the volume of movements is limited, the muscles gradually begin to atrophy.Hyperemia of the skin is replaced by cyanosis.

In the case of incomplete treatment of symptoms of Zudeck's syndrome, the disease gradually progresses, is chronicized. The skin in the region of the hand and forearm is pale, the atrophy of the muscle tissue becomes more pronounced.

The volume of movements is severely limited, as this causes the appearance of severe pain.If the pathology is not treated at this time, then it is fraught with atrophic changes in all structures of the upper limb, as evidenced by the photo of the hands of patients with far-flowed syndrome Zudek.

Diagnostic Methods

The diagnosis may be performed by a neurologist, traumatologist, surgeon. The doctor needs to carefully conduct an examination, collect an anamnesis, analyze the patient's complaints.

Patients are assigned general clinical studies - a general analysis of blood and urine, a biochemical blood test.

These techniques help to identify the inflammatory process, its severity.

An X-ray examination of the upper limb is mandatory to determine the stage and to monitor the dynamics of the process.If it is necessary to clarify the boundaries of the localization of pathology, patients are assigned computer or magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment

The treatment of Zudeck's syndrome is determined individually, depending on the stage of the disease. Quite successful therapy of acute and dystrophic periods is possible with the use of conservative methods.

Conservative

The main thing that the doctor does is carry out anesthesia.For this, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, nimesulide) or metamizole sodium (Analgin) are used.

The upper limb should be immobilized in this period.

Patients are also prescribed drugs to improve peripheral circulation (pentoxifylline), muscle relaxants (tolperisone), vitamins of group B (Milgamma).

It is mandatory to attend physiotherapy sessions - acupuncture and laser therapy, cryotherapy. Useful exercise and massage.It is important to note, these methods are applied only after it was possible to get rid of the pain syndrome.

At the initial stages of the pathology, with careful treatment it is possible to recover with minimal losses for the motor activity of the upper limb. In the case when atrophy was recorded, it is only about the surgical treatment of Zudeck's syndrome.

Surgical

The course of an operation is determined individually.

In the process, damaged nerves, fibrous tissue or parts of bones can be excised, it is often required to perform plastic surgery of the upper limb, the replacement of some joints.

Apparently, in any case, surgical treatment will result in the hand not functioning in full.

Complications and consequences

The main complication of Zudeck's syndrome is loss of motor activity of the injured hand. Patients can constantly worry about pain in the area of ​​pathology, the limb becomes fragile, there is a high risk of fractures.

Preventive measures

To prevent the development of the disease, it is important to properly treat injuries of the upper extremities, and correctly carry out rehabilitation measures. The burden on the injured arm should be increased gradually.It is important to avoid further traumatization of the upper limb.

Conclusion

Syndrome Zudeka requires early diagnosis, careful treatment and prevention. Patients are important to be careful about their hands, this will help prevent serious complications in the future.

A source: https://revmatolog.org/drugie-zabolevaniya/sindrom-zudeka.html

Zudeck's Syndrome

Zudek's syndrome is one of the complications of limb injuries. This condition is caused by damage or inflammation of bones, soft tissues and nerves.

Recently, this complication is very common. The syndrome develops, as a rule, due to a prolonged absence of movement in fractures or burns.

The risk of its occurrence increases repeated operations and fractures of the extremities.

History of the disease

Surgeon from Germany P. Zudek in 1900 first described the characteristic radiographic signs for inflammatory lesions of joints and bones with the onset of bone atrophy. This complication was called "Atrophy or Syndrome Zudeka."

A little later this complication was described in detail in the works of a surgeon from France R. Lerish. In 1996

To date, many of the doctors continue to use the term "Zudek syndrome and the term CRPS is used much less often. In the classification, this complication is recorded under code M 89.0 in the section "Other osteopathies". This code prescribes three states:

• Zudeck's atrophy;
• reflex degeneration;
• "shoulder-brush" syndrome.

In practice, the following signs are the primary signs:

• humerus (8-9%);
• bones of the legs (30-35%);
• of the radius (62-65%).

Symptoms of Complications

Symptoms of this complication depend on the stage of its development:

1. Stage 1 is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as swelling and redness on the skin, as well as pain. Each separate site seems to be much hotter than the rest;
2. Stage number 2 - a blue shade of the skin, there are muscle spasms. X-rays show spots that are characteristic of lesions of bone tissues;
3. Stage number 3 is accompanied by symptoms such as a complete loss of joint mobility. Movements of the limbs are accompanied by severe pain.

Only the first two stages can be treated. They are easily treated and recovery can be achieved in the near future. The third stage has a chronic form, which is characterized by tissue atrophy, so you can only be cured partially.

Causes - high load

Doctors say that Syndrome Zudeka can begin to develop for several reasons:

• Because of the high burden on the injured bones.
• Incorrectly applied bandage can cause squeezing of damaged tissues.
• Psychological barrier. Studies have shown that people suffering from various phobias are most affected by the disease.

Since the frequent cause of NW is a fracture, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the informative video on this topic:

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of the syndrome begins when you first contact a neurologist. The doctor is obliged to ask whether a person has had any recent injuries. To make a diagnosis, you need to take a blood test, as well as undergo radiography.

Depending on what stage of the disease the patient is, individual treatment is selected for him. If an acute diagnosis was made, the doctor applies a special tire to immobilize the affected limb.

After that, he must select and prescribe the necessary course of treatment.

Tablets will help in the shortest time to get on your feet. And in the chronic stage of the disease, doctors recommend using special gymnastics. Many of the patients with signs of Zudeck's syndrome are in no hurry to seek help in the hospital, preferring folk medication.

With each city such medicine is gaining popularity. However, such "grandmother's" treatment does not find its confirmation in the official medicine, but because doctors still recommend treatment for treatment in specialized institutions.

What kind of medicine to choose when treating is decided solely by the patient.

Prevention

The main preventive actions are:

• correct term of fixation;
• early physiotherapy;
• painless manipulation;
• small load.

However, the difficulty of prevention lies in the lack of evaluation of the significance of each of the many factors that cause this complication.

To avoid further complications of Zudeck's syndrome, care should be taken for repeated injuries. At the first exacerbations, you should immediately seek help from a specialized institution.

Only a timely appeal to the doctor will help to avoid possible negative consequences.

A source: http://prosindrom.com/neurological/sindrom-zudeka.html