Purulent otitis symptoms

Purulent otitis media

We are used to any ear pain called otitis, but this is far from the case. In fact, purulent otitis is an inflammation of the epithelium of the mucous tissues of the airways of the middle ear. Serious illness requires a competent approach to treatment in order to avoid unpleasant complications, such as hearing loss or meningitis.

Causes of purulent otitis media of the middle ear

Acute purulent otitis does not appear in a child who has dirty water in his ear. The causes of this disease are mostly internal:

• weakened immunity;
• complications from an infectious disease, or a cold;
• infection through the blood.

When the organism has a low resistance to infections, it can even cause an improper blowing up of the otitis, as a result of which pathogenic microbes through the auditory tube fall into the middle ear region. Also, virus-infecting agents can get into the ear with injuries and injuries to the tympanic membrane. Children can cause otitis can even undelete adenoids.

If the disease is not treated, it runs the risk of overflowing into chronic purulent otitis, and then any draft can become cause of repeated suppuration in any of the middle ear - the drum cavity, nipple process and auditory pipe.

The main symptoms of purulent otitis media

There are several signs that help determine if you have acute purulent otitis, and not another hearing disorder. But the main symptoms in various diseases of the field of otolaryngology usually coincide. Symptoms of otitis media:

• hearing impairment;
• headache;
• pain in the ear, auditory canal, sometimes pain giving to the jaw;
• rise in temperature to 38-39 degrees.

These signs are characteristic for the initial stage of the disease, when the inflammation becomes the cause of extensive suppuration. Usually this process lasts 2-3 days. Further, acute purulent otitis media of the middle ear passes into the phase of perforated damage to the tympanic membrane, as a result of which pus through the resulting opening in the membrane flows out of the ear cavity outward, and the patient experiences significant relief, pain Feel. The third stage is final, the body fights the infection, the inflammation gradually decreases, pus ceases to stand out, the tympanic membrane restores integrity.

Than to treat a purulent otitis?

Treatment of purulent otitis primarily aims to eliminate the microorganisms that caused the inflammatory process. Most often this is one of the types of staphylococcus, streptococcus, or causative agents of cold and flu. Usually, the body is able to cope with these types of microbes alone, so in the initial stage of the disease it makes sense to take medicines that restore immunity, use a multivitamin complex and restorative facilities.

To combat high fever, you can take Aspirin, Paracetamol, and other well-known to all of us medicines.

In the nose it is recommended to instill vasoconstrictive drops - Naphthysine, Nazol and the like. This is necessary to ensure that new bacteria from the nasopharynx do not enter the auditory canal.

You can also use special drops with purulent otitis:

• Otypax;
• Otinum;
• Garazon;
• 3% boric alcohol;
• 5% carbolic-glycerin drops;
• camphor oil.

All these drugs are good at the first stage of the disease. A mandatory condition is also a bed rest with a light diet. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

If the disease progresses rapidly, it is likely that the body will cope with it without the additional use of antibiotics. Otherwise, it is advisable to use one of the following drugs:

• Amoxicillin;
• Amoxiclav;
• Doxycycline;
• Sumamed;
• Rovamycin.

They can be used in the form of tablets, or as intramuscular injections.

WomanAdvice.ru

Ear otitis in a child: symptoms, causes and treatment

Ear otitis in a child occurs much more often than in adults. The reasons for this imbalance are obvious - they are associated with the not yet sufficiently strengthened immune system of babies, which is not yet able to actively resist the development of inflammation. External manifestations of the disease, depending on the type of otitis media, differ, and therapeutic approaches should also be different.

What are otitis media in children and why they occur

Otitis is an inflammation of the ear.What are otitis media in children and what are their differences? There are external otitis and otitis media, depending on which department of the ear is inflamed. The course of the disease, which is very common at a young age, can be acute or chronic. The inflammatory process can, accompanied by suppuration or not accompanied by it. In this inflammation, there is a hearing disorder (mild to moderate hearing loss). The danger of all kinds of otitis in children is in their complications. Especially dangerous complications of purulent otitis. Remembering this, my mother should be attentive to the complaints of the child. If the child complains about the ear, the mother should immediately call the child's doctor. He, having examined the child, will give the necessary recommendations and, if he deems it necessary, appoint a consultation of a children's ENT doctor.

Otitis externa may be a furuncle of the external auditory canal, but may be external otitis and spilled. The furuncle develops as a result of the infection in the hair follicle or the sebaceous gland that is near this sac. Why does external otitis occur in young children? The cause of infection is usually a minor skin trauma (mum does not observe caution, when the child is cleaning the eye, or the child puts in his ear a hard object with sharp edges).

Acute otitis media often develops as a complication of an acute cold. In the role of pathogens may act staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc. The cause of otitis media in children are adenoidal disorders that cover the mouth of the Eustachian pipes and thereby create conditions for air stagnation in the "drum-eustachian system" trumpet". In turn, the complication of acute otitis media, as well as complication of tubotitis is

The causative agents of acute purulent otitis are the same as in acute otitis media. If, for some reason, there is no timely and sufficient treatment for acute purulent otitis, if the sick child is not eating well, if the resistance of his body is reduced due to some prolonged illness, the acute purulent process in the ear can be transformed into a chronic one, and then it is already possible to talk about the presence of a chronic purulent otitis. Among the causes of this otitis in children, it is necessary to name such pathogens as streptococci, staphylococcus and E. coli. If the pseudomonas aeruginosa appears in the ear, the otitis proceeds very hard.

What are the symptoms of external and middle otitis media in a child

What are the symptoms of otitis in a child depending on the type of inflammation?

With external otitis, the child complains of pain in the ear. The pain is growing, and when you press the tragus of the auricle, it is even worse. Body temperature rises, parotid and cervical lymph nodes increase, tissues in the external ear canal swell strongly - sometimes this passage is completely closed. After opening the furuncle, pus is poured from the ear. Soon after this, recovery comes.

Acute otitis media begins some time after the onset of a cold. Again, a characteristic sign of otitis media is a pain in the ear. Sometimes a child complains of pain in both ears. If you click on the tragus of the ear, the pain becomes stronger. Body temperature rises, appetite and sleep are affected. There is a noise in the Ear, hearing is broken. The JIOP-doctor sees the reddening of the tympanic membrane when examining the patient's ear. Also, with the average otitis of the ear in a child, the symptoms are changes in the blood test: leukocytosis, increased ESR.

Symptoms of purulent and chronic otitis media in a child

Acute purulent otitis proceeds with the same symptoms, but to them signs of intoxication of the organism are added:increased fatigue, general weakness, pale skin and mucous membranes. Increased body temperature - up to 40 ° C - lasts several days. The pain in the ear becomes stronger and, as it were, pulsates. At some point, there is a breakthrough of pus accumulating in the tympanum, through the tympanic membrane outside; and the amount of pus can be significant. When pus breaks through it, as a rule, an admixture of blood is found. After the pus empties, the pain quickly fades into nothing. There is a hearing disorder.

The chronic purulent otitis is characterized by a suppuration, which lasts a long time. The suppuration may be permanent or intermittent. The substance separated from the ear can have a mucous or mucus-like nature; rarely - festering. If the pseudomonas arisens in the ear or if pus stagnates in the tympanum, a putrid smell from the ear may appear. Symptom of this otitis in the child is a constant noise in the patient's ear. The doctor sees a hole in the eardrum when viewed (with the help of a special instrument) of the tympanic membrane. Chronic purulent otitis may be complicated by mastoiditis, meningitis; local complications - proliferation of granulations, the appearance of polyps; a fairly rare complication is cholesteatoma.

How to properly treat an ear otitis in a child

Before treating otitis in a child, the baby must be shown to a specialist. The patient is examined by the ENT doctor and prescribes the necessary therapy. When treating otitis in a child is very important nutrition. The child's diet should contain more foods that are sources of vitamins A, C, B, etc. for the body.

With external otitis, the patient's ear warms up several times a day, making warming compresses (around the ear). In the external auditory meatus every day put turundas with a doctor-appointed remedy. Physiotherapy is effective.

With acute otitis media, treatment is also local and general. How correctly to treat an otitis of the child if it has arisen in the middle ear? In this case, warming up several times a day; around the ear make warming compresses with vegetable or camphor oil, vodka, semi-alcoholic compresses.

With severe pain in the ear, analgesic drops are prescribed. The effectiveness of treatment is increased when physiotherapy is connected. Simultaneously, the nose is treated - with the aim of quickly restoring the function of the Eustachian tube.

And how to treat an ear otitis in a child, if the disease is an acute purulent inflammation? In this case, the doctor makes a paracentesis - a small incision in the tympanic membrane. Through this incision poured out, and the state of the baby improves. The doctor observes the child every day, performs the toilet of the ear, puts in the external ear canal of turunda with medicines. The patient's ear is warmed, warming compresses are put on, physioprocedures are done. With symptoms of purulent otitis in children, treatment is also prescribed for the nose with a nasopharynx.

With chronic purulent otitis, the doctor also makes a daily ear toilet; locally used anti-inflammatory drugs; antibiotics are administered parenterally; physiotherapy is prescribed. In those cases when conservative therapy is ineffective, when complications of otitis may occur, surgical treatment is indicated. If you can achieve a long period without suppuration, an operation is performed to restore the integrity of the tympanic membrane. This operation is called "myringoplasty."

Treatment of otitis in children at home: first aid to a child

The kid suddenly complained that his ear hurts. Timely competent actions of the mother will help in this case to alleviate the child's condition and prevent the development of dangerous complications. Before starting treatment for otitis in children at home, first, of course, you need to call a precinct pediatrician at home.

After that, the mother must:

• to measure the child's body temperature; if the body temperature is increased significantly, the child is recommended to give something of antipyretics: paracetamol in the form of a syrup, Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the age-appropriate dose, a small child - put a cefekon candle; If the mother gives the sick child acetylsalicylic acid, then - by all means on milk;
• if the pain is severe, and the child can not tolerate it, providing first aid in otitis in a child, you need to give for oral intake of any pain medication - for example analgin in the age-related dose; an analgesic is injected into the ear - you can inject into the ear novocaine, otinum, if they are in the home medicine chest; if neither novocaine, no on hand at hand, you can drip a few drops of warm vodka into the external auditory meatus; quite quickly the pain in the ear weakens after introducing a few drops of warm vegetable oil into it; for this purpose, you can use any vegetable oil - olive, corn, sunflower, soybean, etc. (on the child's recovery the ear needs to be rinsed to remove from the external auditory meatus the remains oil); After the mother dripped the baby in the ear one of these means, he should be about 15 min. lie down - while the sick ear should be facing the ceiling; after instillations the external ear canal is always plugged with a cotton swab;
• When treating otitis in a child at home, you need to warm up your sore ear; The warming-up procedure, despite its simplicity, is very effective; is due to its effectiveness in that heat is always characterized by a mild analgesic effect; in addition, heat causes local expansion of blood vessels and, therefore, a rush of blood to the sore ear, and in conditions of abundant blood supply the inflammation focuses much faster; sometimes it is enough to warm your ear once the very beginning of the disease - and the process of inflammation begins to "take positions warm up your baby need 3-4 times a day; Each time the warm-up procedure should take 12-15 minutes; it is recommended to use an ordinary heating pad (the child should lie on the hot-water bottle with a sick ear); It is important to remember that with an increase in the body temperature of warming do not;
• Also, such assistance is very effective for children in the home, like warming compresses; when inflamed, compress around the ear; most often for compresses use such means as sunflower oil, camphor oil, vodka, alcohol, half diluted with water; make warming compresses 2 times a day: 1 times a day on, -2 h. and for the whole night; if the child has increased body temperature, compresses in no case can not be done, otherwise the body temperature will rise;
• close the child with a dry ear with dry cotton wool; until the doctor says that the recovery has come, the ear of the baby should be permanently closed; cotton wool is fixed on the ear with a handkerchief or cap.

Folk remedies for the treatment of otitis in children

It is necessary to warn that methods and means recommended by traditional medicine are used as a supplement to the basic treatment that the JIOP doctor will assign to the child.

Below are listed the best folk remedies for treatment of otitis in children at home:

• alternating with other means, bury in a sick ear a warm infusion of chamomile flowers; Preparation of the infusion: 1 teaspoonful dry flowers in a preheated cookware, pour a glass of boiling water and press under the lid for about 15 minutes. strain;
• when folk treatment of otitis in children should be put twice a day in the external auditory canal gauze turuns (fitilechki), impregnated with warm walnut oil, for 2-3 hours;
• Propolis oil can be used as an effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic; to put with it 2 times a day for 2-3 hours. in a sick ear gauze turundas;
• there is more grapes; preferably - sweet varieties; grapes for the body - an excellent source of energy, very necessary for fighting the disease;
• cleaning the external auditory canal from the pus, moisten the cotton swab with fresh juicy lemon juice (bear onions);
• an effective folk remedy for otitis in children is mixed in equal quantities fresh juice of onions and flaxseed oil; moistened with this mixture gauze turunda, you need to put the latter in the outer ear canal for -2 hours; alternate with others means.

NasmorkuNet.ru

Otitis - medium, acute, purulent, in children, symptoms and treatment

Otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear, which is the most common disease of ENT organs. At the heart of otitis is inflammatory processes in the mucosa that occur in the middle ear. In general, the outer ear consists of parts such as the auricle, external ear canal and tympanic membrane, which divides the outer ear with the middle ear. The middle ear is a tiny cavity where the bone mechanism is located, which transmits sound waves into the inner ear canal.

And the middle ear also transforms incoming sound waves into special nerve impulses that enter the brain. Otitis is external, that is, when there is inflammation of the auricle or inflammation of the ear canal. And also there is an average otitis, that is there is an inflammation of an average ear. Usually otitis media occurs after complications of infectious diseases such as influenza, tonsillitis and others.

Acute otitis media

Acute otitis is a common disease of the body, where the local manifestation are inflammatory-infectious processes, covering all three anatomical airborne components of the middle ear, this is the tympanum, auditory tube and mastoid outgrowth. According to the statistics, the average otitis occurs in 25-30% of people who have ear diseases and this indicates that acute otitis is a widespread disease. In the first place in terms of the frequency of acute otitis media are children under 5 years old, and elderly people are on the second place, and in the third place there are teenagers under 14 years old. Acute otitis does not have a specific pathogen, nor can it be caused by pathogenic microorganisms of different species, which include viruses, microbes and fungal flora or their associations.

The trigger mechanism for the development of acute otitis media is acute respiratory viral infections or influenza. In addition, the general assumptions and risk factors that favor the emergence and further development of acute otitis play a great role in the development of the disease.

Symptoms of otitis

It is worth noting that the easiest form of otitis is external otitis, but apart from it there is internal otitis and an otitis media of the middle ear. Concerning the symptoms of otitis, it is usually aching pain with a periodic

character, as well as possible swelling of the auricle and the temperature of the human body rises. The causes of external otitis may be mechanical damage to the tissue of the outer ear, that is, microtraumas with improper cleaning or trauma to the auricle. And the inflammation of the mucosa in the middle ear is called the otitis media of the middle ear. The danger of this type of otitis is that it leads to very serious consequences. For example, full or partial hearing loss may occur, and inflammation may spread further, even on the brain envelope.

In addition, the otitis media of the middle ear is usually accompanied by severe pain in the ear, a decrease in hearing, a sense of ear congestion, and noise from the transfusion water, and in severe forms of otitis is accompanied by secretions from the ear canal and an increase in body temperature, which may be more than 38 degrees. And if there is no wrong and untimely treatment of otitis media of the middle ear, then in the future it can lead to the development of internal otitis media.

Symptoms of internal otitis are very similar to the symptoms of otitis media of the middle ear, but in this case there is a large risk of complications, therefore hospitalization is necessary and even operative treatment of otitis in hospital. In addition, otitis, like many other diseases, can occur in chronic and acute forms.

If it is an acute form of otitis, then very quickly there is a strong pain, which with every hour or even minutes even more increases. If it is a chronic form of otitis, it proceeds more slowly, and its symptoms are less pronounced, like other forms, but this does not eliminate the danger after the onset of this disease.

Acute otitis media

As for acute otitis, it proceeds in stages. For example, first there is inflammation of the mucosa of the middle ear, then there is a suppuration and perforation of the tympanic membrane occurs. In general, acute otitis can take place quite easily, if there is no noticeable general reaction of the body. In some cases this form of otitis can take a severe course, which has sharp reactive phenomena on the part of the body. The causes of acute otitis media are penetrated into the tympanic cavity of infection. This can happen due to a sharp weakening or hypothermia of the body.

Even acute otitis media can occur again, and become a consequence of complications of infections and as a result of upper respiratory tract infection or after a transferred flu. In childhood, the disease can occur after suffering from scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles and other childhood infectious diseases. Another acute inflammation of the middle ear can occur after chronic or acute inflammation of the nose and pharynx. Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, there are general and local symptoms of otitis media of the middle ear. For example, with the usual course of acute otitis, recovery and complete restoration of auditory functions quite often occur. If there are unfavorable conditions of treatment, the course of the disease may acquire a prolonged languid character or it will pass into a chronic form.

With a typical course of acute purulent otitis, three periods of development are distinguished. For example, in the first period occurs the emergence and development of inflammatory processes in the middle ear. In this case, the pain in the ear is very strong and gradually increasing, and in more severe cases it becomes simply intolerable and painful, which can take away peace. Most often, the pain is felt in the depth of the ear, and by its nature it can be pulsating, vomiting, aching or shooting. Quite often, with acute otitis media, pain can be given to the teeth, the back of the head, to the temple or spread all over the head, and also increases with sneezing, sneezing, swallowing, with coughing, since in this case the pressure in the drum cavity.

At the next stage of development of otitis, the perforation of the tympanic membrane occurs and the result of inflammation is a purulence. Then, after suppuration, the temperature usually decreases, but this painful process can last 4-7 days. With inflammation, suppuration is first observed abundantly, and then significantly reduced and pus gets a thick consistency. If there is an average acute otitis in the ear, then pus in this case has no smell. If in this case there is no external otitis.

As for the third period of acute otitis media, a gradual cessation of inflammatory processes, then the suppuration disappears, the work of the middle ear normalizes and the perforation of the tympanic membrane recovers. And the duration of each of these periods can range from a few days to two weeks.

Acute catarrhal otitis

This form of otitis is accompanied by inflammation of the middle ear cavities, which cause streptococci, staphylococci and other pathogens. To provoke acute catarrhal otitis can lowered the body's resistance, diabetes, hypothermia, beriberi, kidney disease, rickets, various infectious diseases and so on. Most often, bacteria penetrate into the middle ear from the nasal cavity, through the auditory tube and this occurs when acute inflammation of the mucous membrane during acute rhinitis, acute respiratory infections, influenza, or acute Otitis.

Factors that accelerate the spread of infection are coughing, adenoid growths, sneezing or improper blowing, because it is necessary to clean each nostril in turn. Symptoms of ductal otitis media include ear noise, pain, a feeling of congestion, and hearing loss. And usually the pain in this case is growing, it can also give in the teeth, felt deep in the ear or give to the parietal-temporal or occipital area. In addition, they can observe unpleasant sensations when coughing, sneezing and swallowing, which very often deprives the patient of appetite and sleep. And when the disease occurs against the background of a common infectious disease, the temperature can rise sharply.

When the patient is examined, the doctor discovers the redness of the tympanic membrane, and touching it is very painful. Regarding treatment, then with catarrhal otitis, bed rest is necessary, and in case of complications, hospitalization is required. To eliminate pain, you need to instill carbolic glycerin and alcohol into the hearing aid by 70% for 5-6 drops in each ear. Next enter into each ear a cotton wick at night. In addition, physiotherapy, warmers and vodka compresses are used. And in the nose instilled vasoconstrictive and bactericidal drops. If the temperature is high, the doctor prescribes antipyretic drugs.

Acute exudative otitis media

This form of otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear with the formation of transudate and its long-term retention in the tympanic cavity. In its prevalence, acute exudative otitis in children is more common than in adults. A diagnosis of acute exudative otitis in 60% of children aged 3-7 years and 10% of children aged 12-15 years. The causes of exudative acute otitis are quite diverse and can be divided into local and general. For example, common causes include allergies, decreased overall immune reactivity, environmental factors, specific diseases that reduce immunity, as well as frequent infectious disease.

If these are local causes of exudative otitis media, then this may be a violation of the ventilation function of the auditory tube, as a result of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, as well as a slow inflammatory-allergic process in the pharyngeal tonsil. In children, the clinical symptoms of this disease are not very pronounced. Quite often the main symptom in the disease is a decrease in hearing or a strong noise in the ear. But since children aged 2-5 years do not usually complain about hearing loss, exudative otitis media is more common and complicates in this case. And if a child with this form of otitis is not treated, then after 3-4 years he may develop persistent and irreversible hearing loss, which is caused by cicatricial adhesive process in the middle ear, formation of eardrums in the tympanic membrane, atrophy of the tympanic membrane or its perforation. In addition, the sound-receiving apparatus may suffer in part.

Acute purulent otitis media

This form of otitis is a purulent acute inflammation of the mucous membrane on the tympanic membrane. With this form of the disease, all parts of the middle ear are also involved in the catalytic inflammation. Acute purulent otitis is a widespread middle ear disease, which is very common proceeds in a mild form, and then it can develop violently and cause a severe inflammatory reaction organism. But in both cases quite often the acute purulent otitis leaves in the future an adhesive process, which is accompanied by a hard-to-treat deafness, and also can pass into a chronic and often progressive form, which leads to hearing loss and to other severe complications.

The most common acute purulent otitis occurs in children under 3 years old. And its distinctive feature is an acute onset and a rather lingering course, but in childhood increases the tendency to recurrence of the disease. The main factors that provoke this disease are a combination of a decrease in total and local resistance, as well as getting into the tympanic cavity of the infection. Quite often, through the auditory tube, a microflora directly enters the tympanic cavity, which saprophytes in the pharynx. But this can not cause inflammation if the general and local reactivity is normal. And if the supply of microflora was massive or the microflora was highly virulent, then in this case acute otitis media appears.

The main pathogens of acute otitis in children and adults are the main infections or associations of microorganisms. Most often, viral otitis is observed in epidemics of viral diseases.

The most frequent way to penetrate the infection is through the auditory tube. And since there is no flora with microbes in the middle ear cavity, the barrier function of the mucous membrane in the auditory tube comes into play. As a result, mucus is produced here, which has an antimicrobial effect. Inflammatory epithelium of the auditory tube moves the mucous secret to the nasopharynx. Therefore, with different common infectious diseases, with local acute exacerbations, and also with inflammatory, chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract function of protecting the epithelium in the auditory tube is violated. As a result, the microflora immediately penetrates into the tympanum.

In some rare cases, the infection can enter the middle ear through a damaged eardrum during a trauma or through the wound of the mastoid process. In this case, there is a traumatic otitis media. The most rare way of penetrating infections in the middle ear is the hematogenous way. And it is possible if there are such infectious diseases as measles, influenza, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and others in the body. In extremely rare cases, acute purulent otitis can develop as a result of retrograde spread of infection directly from the cranial cavity or from the labyrinth.

Acute Otitis in Children

Usually acute otitis in children begins with sharp pain in the ear and high fever. And most often it starts after a flu or cold. The most important thing that needs to be done in this situation is to put a warm sink behind the auricle vodka compress and it is best to do it with camphor alcohol, which must be diluted by half with water. Most often, the compress reduces pain and the child calms down, but you do not need to stop. Since the child immediately needs to be shown immediately to the doctor. It is worth noting that otitis is terrible with its complications, which can occur if the child is not treated in time. In addition, otitis can pass into a chronic form or can lead to a partial hearing loss.

To the occurrence of complications, otitis predisposes the structure of the organ of hearing. After all, children have a more sinuous hearing aid than adults, and at the end of the passage there is a tympanic membrane, which is a barrier covering the middle ear. And behind this very thin film there is a tympanic cavity, which has a sound instrument - these are auditory ossicles, nerves, muscles and vessels. The drum cavity consists of an auditory tube, which connects it with the nasopharynx, which you should pay attention to. After all, with various respiratory or other infections that are most common in children, the inflammatory process begins, which most often affects the nasopharynx. Therefore, through the auditory tube, which in children is shorter and wider than in adults, the microbes immediately enter the tympanum.

Acute otitis media of the middle ear

This disease is a manifestation of inflammation in the tissues of the tympanic cavity, mastoid process and auditory tube. Most often, acute otitis media of the middle ear occurs in childhood, but people of any age can be ill. Inflammatory process in the middle ear can be caused by different microorganisms, these are streptococci, staphylococci, fungi and viruses. Most often, microorganisms enter the middle ear directly through the auditory tube and this is usually contribute to this process in the nose, nasopharynx, in the paranasal sinuses or in the presence of adenoids in children. A more rare way of penetrating infections in the middle ear is to hit it through the external auditory wire during a tympanic injury. Another occurrence of acute otitis can occur with infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, influenza or measles, and there is another way of penetrating the infection-it's through the blood.

In addition, a decrease in the body's resistance to various infectious diseases, kidney diseases, with diabetes and hypothermia can contribute to the development of inflammatory processes on average ear. In the course of the disease, acute otitis media of the middle ear is purulent and catarrhal. And during the acute otitis media, three stages are distinguished. The first stage is acute catarrhal otitis, that is, the onset and development of inflammatory processes in middle ear and further increase in the symptoms of the disease, which are associated with the accumulation of exudate - this fluid on average ear.

The second stage is purulent otitis, that is, the formation and accumulation of pus in the middle ear cavity, which leads to rupture of the tympanic membrane and to suppuration. The third stage of development of acute otitis media of the middle ear is the fading of the inflammatory process, which significantly decreases and gradually stops suppuration, and then there is a fusion of the edges of the drum webbeds.

Acute otitis externa

This form of otitis is an inflammation of the skin of the cartilaginous part of the auditory external passageway. Symptoms of acute external otitis are ear pain, chewing pain, when pressing on a tragus, pain while sipping the auricle. Naturally, with this disease there may be swelling near the auricle on either side or with one of them. Another possible pain when pressing the mastoid process, and the pain itself is amplified towards the ear folds. Still observed with acute external otitis narrowing of the external auditory canal with varying degrees of severity. In addition, lymphadenitis of the pre-limb lymph nodes is possible.

When the eardrum is not inflamed, the hearing may not be affected. And in differential diagnosis, skin cholesteatoma can be detached from the back of the external auditory canal. For the treatment of acute external otitis in the external auditory canal is introduced turundas with Burov's fluid or with boric alcohol, and also prescribed for the treatment of UHF therapy in the ear area. And with severe pain and high body temperature, antibiotics are prescribed - oletetrin, doxycycline, vibramycin or erythromycin for 6-7 days. Such treatment is also carried out with purulent discharge.

If the disease is prolonged. The doctor prescribes intramuscular injections of antibiotics, prescribes autohemotherapy and locally prescribes staphylococcal anatoxin. If a recurrent furunculosis develops, then autohemotherapy is required, a blood test for sugar is performed to exclude diabetes, and vitamin therapy is necessary.

Acute bilateral otitis media

Acute bilateral otitis is an inflammation in the tissues of the tympanic membrane or auditory tube. In addition, the inflammatory process can affect the surrounding tissues. Most often acute otitis does not lead to hearing loss, but there are exceptions, if it is a purulent otitis, in which the destruction of the tissues of the middle ear. Acute bilateral otitis develops from five stages. The very first stage is characterized by stuffy ears, noise in the ears, and fever may be absent. In the second stage, there may be acute catarrhal inflammation in the middle ear, which is characterized by the symptoms of the first stage. There may be shooting pain in the ear, rise in temperature and inflammation of the mucous membranes. The next stage of the disease is the preperforative stage, which is characterized by intolerable pain passing into the neck, eyes, teeth and into the pharynx. Body temperature at this stage can rise to a risky figure.

At the next postperforative stage of acute bilateral otitis media, the pain weakens, but suppuration begins from the ears. The last stage is the reparative stage, that is, the arrest of inflammation and the beginning of recovery. The most important danger during suppuration is the threat that pus will enter the cranial cavity and cause a brain abscess or meningitis. In addition, you need to remember about the obligatory visit to the doctor at the very first manifestations of pain in the ears or if the ears pawned. And if these symptoms do not pass for two or three weeks, then there is a danger of the disease.

If treatment is performed only by unconventional means, then this can cause complications, since similar methods are used only under the supervision of a doctor. And the therapy must necessarily be carried out, taking into account all aspects of the disease, for example, to take into account the extent of the inflammatory reaction, to take into account all complications and other concomitant diseases. In addition, it is very important to take into account the general condition of the patient, as well as his individual characteristics. And depending on the nature and form of the defeat of the middle ear, choose a method of treatment that can be operational or conservative. According to statistics, acute bilateral otitis media can manifest in 80% of children under 3 years old. Quite often, otitis develops after hypothermia or after a cold. And in order to prevent it, it is necessary to treat the mucous membrane of the throat and nose in a timely manner.

Treatment of otitis media

Concerning the treatment of otitis, it is worth noting that this is a very serious disease that must be treated. Therefore, the first symptoms should immediately contact the otolaryngologist. After all only the doctor can correctly establish the form of an otitis and on the basis of it or this to appoint or nominate correct treatment. And even if a person is an adherent of treatment with folk methods, then without treatment otitis treatment is impossible. Otitis is usually treated for about 10 days, but in more severe forms, treatment can be delayed. In any case, you need a timely call to the doctor.

It is worth noting that the treatment of otitis is complex and for the patient to start it is necessary to ensure complete rest, so as not to provoke the occurrence of complications. Then it is necessary to appoint specialized antibiotics to carry out an operational fight with the causative agent of otitis media. Antibiotics can be in tablets, it's Solutab, Flemoclav, Cyphran or antibiotics in droplets, it's Otypax and Sofrax, but they must be at room temperature before burying. However, only a doctor should prescribe antibiotics.

Sometimes it happens that otitis takes a person by surprise, for example, on a day off. And in this case it is necessary not to start the situation. That is why, when there is pain in the ear, with lumbago or with twitchings, it is necessary to buy drops of Sophadex for adults, and for children Otipaks drops will help. In this case, it is necessary to observe the dosage, which is indicated in the instructions, and then bury in each ear. If very severe pain has occurred, then in this case, you can take an analgesic. However, if the ear has already ceased to hurt, it is still necessary to consult a doctor. Because there is a high probability of complications.

With external otitis treatment should consist of heating, from washing the ear canal and using warming compresses. If an abscess has already formed, then there is a need for its dissection. With otitis media, antibiotics and antipyretics are prescribed. When the suppuration has already come, the doctor in the hospital makes an incision of the tympanic membrane to drain the pus from the ear, as quickly as possible. Still need to mix in equal parts 70% alcohol and glycerin and in this solution you should wet the turunda from the cotton wool, and then insert it into the ear. Then you need to put a cotton ball moistened with an ordinary baby cream, and after 2 hours to remove it. After several procedures, the swelling will disappear.

To eliminate ear pain, it is necessary to take painkillers. For example, adults are prescribed Coldrex, and children are prescribed Nurofen, as a result, relief will come just at once. But it is very important to know that any warming compresses can not be used at high temperature. And also take otitis treatment very seriously.

Prevention of otitis

To prevent any inflammation, you need those tools that help strengthen the body, for example, the correct mode of work, nutrition and recreation, systematic exercise and physical education and hardening. In addition, those people who suffer from chronic otitis should be well treated and observe all necessary precautions. For example, during bathing or washing your head, you need to protect your ears from dirty water, usually using ear plugs or cotton swabs, which should be moistened with vegetable oil. When pus comes out of the ear, then on the instructions of the doctor you need to clear the ears from the accumulation of pus, and also to apply the procedures and medicines prescribed by the doctor.

Those people who are predisposed to diseases of the throat or nose, must necessarily consult a doctor about their treatment and prevention of the disease. In addition, you need to treat the tonsils systematically, and in advanced cases, they need to be removed. In addition, it is necessary to treat a runny nose and especially if it is a chronic form. In addition, each person should gently blow his nose, as with increased blowing through Eustachian tube slime with microbes can get into the tympanum, which causes inflammation in it, then there is an otitis.

It should be noted that with exacerbations of otitis, it is undesirable to carry out any hard physical work, and you can not leave the house with wind and strong cold, and it is advisable to avoid talking. Even with exacerbations, the ear is covered with a warm bandage. If the patient has severe pain in the ear, then you can use painkillers, which are prescribed only by the doctor. In general, in most cases, preventive measures do not allow inflammation in the ear to those people who fall into the risk zone.

medportal.su

Purulent otitis in children. Causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention

Probably every parent faced such a disease as purulent otitis in children. This disease is well treatable, the main thing is to detect it and locate it in time, so that complications do not arise.

What is acute otitis media?

Otitis is an inflammation caused by a cold or an infection of the middle ear. The disease is rather insidious and rapidly progressing, the parents' task is to notice the problem in time and to visit a doctor.

There are several stages of otitis disease:

• average;

• acute;

• purulent.

As practice shows, the average otitis occurs even without treatment within 2 weeks. Acute otitis must be treated with a medicamentous method. It is diagnosed by an ENT doctor using an otoscope, examination of the tympanic membrane. In children, it is quite difficult to determine otitis, because due to constant weeping, the membrane looks inflamed.

Acute otitis usually occurs as a complication after suffering angina or influenza. The first symptoms are:

• claps in the ears;

• obstruction;

• temperature increase.

If the baby complains about these symptoms, immediately consult a doctor.

Why does purulent otitis occur?

As a rule, the symptoms of purulent otitis begin to manifest closer to the night, when the child was laid to sleep. A crumb causes severe pain, pressure in the auricle. He begins to cry ceaselessly, to shake his head, the nursing children refuse the nipples, as excess movements cause them pain. To make sure that all the blame for the pain in the ear, it is enough to gently push the tragus. If the child reacts to a touch, it is worth immediately calling a doctor.

Purulent otitis in children is accompanied by the discharge of a liquid from the ear with bloody patches. This is a painful process, but after it there is an improvement. It is necessary to take into account the fact that in breasts the rupture of the membrane does not practically occur, this is due to their anatomical features. In this case, only a specialist will help.

Here are a few reasons that can lead to purulent otitis media in children:

1. Infection.

2. Severe ear trauma.

3. Complications of meningitis, measles, sepsis, tuberculosis.

4. Subcooling of the auricle.

5. Screws.

In addition, there are many factors that can cause such a disease (an increase in adenoids, tonsils, anatomical structure of the inner ear, and others).

How to recognize the disease in time

There are a number of symptoms that indicate purulent otitis media. The disease includes several stages.

1. The body temperature is normal, with a noise and stuffiness of the ear.

2. At this stage, the ear feels pressure, painful sensations occur, and fever may begin.

3. A purulent liquid begins to form actively. The pain increases sharply, it can give off the eyes, teeth. The hearing decreases.

4. There is a breakthrough of the eardrum, after that a small amount of pus is released, the temperature subsides, the pain subsides.

5. A scar appears on the site of the breakthrough, a recovery process begins.

Purulent otitis, the symptoms of which are pronounced, is recognized by any experienced otolaryngologist. Therefore, do not delay the visit to the hospital (especially for parents with children under one year) and delay the process of illness

How to prevent disease

As they say, the disease is better to warn than to treat in the future. Therefore, there are a number of preventive measures that should be followed.

1. Strong immunity from birth. Do not forget that the mother's milk contains all the necessary nutrients, minerals, vitamins, which are responsible for the health of the baby not only in the present time period, but also in future. Therefore, breastfeeding is not only a guarantee of health, but also an excellent prevention of diseases, including otitis media.

2. Do not start a disease. In good time, treat ARVI, sore throat, flu and you will not face complications such as otitis media.

3. Teach your child to blow his nose properly.

4. Temper the kids, spend with them a maximum of time on the street, go to the sports sections and health will not fail.

Treat ears

If you find purulent otitis in a child, treatment should be followed immediately. Parents in vain believe that in this case, drops or alcohol tinctures that can be used without doctor's recommendations are not recommended, since there may be allergic reactions.

An antibiotic is the remedy without which the inflammatory process can not be removed. In any case, the drug should prescribe the doctor, given the age of the baby. In addition, ear drops and physiotherapy will be prescribed.

It is worth noting that without examining the doctor, you can not warm your own ear, bury alcohol tinctures, rinse and perform other manipulations. Purulent otitis in children is a serious disease that can cause complications, including complete loss of hearing.

Doctors recommend

Having detected purulent otitis in a child, treatment should be prescribed only by an experienced ENT doctor. Modern drugs are able to quickly remove inflammation, pressure, reduce pain, swelling. All ear drops are divided into:

• antifungal;

• antibacterial;

• acid;

• corticosteroids.

Among the huge list of ear drops, doctors distinguish the following:

• "Candybiotic." The average cost of 250 rubles. A modern drug that includes both antifungal and antibacterial substances. Minus is the age limit (for children from 6 years old).

• Otypaks. The price is 200 rubles. Due to its excellent composition it is permitted to use the baby from infancy. Has a quick effect.

• "Otinum." The cost is 170 rubles. Also you can use from the first days of life crumbs. It is not applicable for rupture or damage to the tympanic membrane.

Drops with purulent otitis - an obligatory means for eliminating inflammation in the ear. After the examination, the specialist will assign to your crumb that preparation, which will individually suit him.

Surgical intervention

If usual treatment has not helped or has passed too much time since the development of the disease, doctors resort to surgical intervention. This is a very painful and unpleasant process for both crumbs and his parents.

Carry out such a procedure under local anesthesia. With the help of a special device, the surgeon opens the tympanic membrane, pushes out pus and injects the drug.

We will not allow complications

If purulent otitis does not begin to be treated in a timely manner, serious complications can occur up to the meningitis and disruption of the work of important organs (heart, kidneys).

A frequent complication is complete or partial hearing loss. This is due to the fact that the adhesion process begins at the site of the rupture of the membrane. Also, the probability of infection in the brain tissue is high, it can lead to an abscess.

To avoid this, it is necessary to consult a doctor at the first symptoms. It is better not to carry the disease on your feet. After the illness, try not to wet your ears, avoid drafts and hypothermia, so as not to earn chronic purulent otitis.

Folk remedies

It is worth noting that such a disease is qualified in medicine as severe, which entails serious complications and can lead to death. Therefore, to engage in self-medication, especially children, in any case impossible.

If the otitis has caught you by surprise and there is no possibility to call the doctor in a timely manner, you can use popular methods that are quite popular.

Tea oil is often used to relieve pain. It is quite easy to prepare a solution:

• Mix and warm to room temperature the following kind of oils: olive, tea tree, almond.

• Bury a few drops in each ear pass with a pipette.

Alcohol tinctures are also very popular. This especially applies to calendula. Do not bury it in a sore ear. It is enough to make a small bandage from the bandage, dip it into a tincture and place it in the ear canal. Doing this procedure is better at night, to ease the pain.

It is good to make a tincture on the roots of raspberries. To do this, grind 3 tablespoons of roots and pour boiling water. Leave to stand for about 12 hours. Then take 2 times a day for 600 ml. To drink such a tincture is desirable for at least a month, it will strengthen immunity, will help to remove the inflammatory process in the body.

Remember, folk medicine is good in interacting with traditional medicine. It is not necessary to warm a sick ear, so that pus and infection do not spread into the skull and lead to such diseases as meningitis and brain abscess.

Purulent otitis in children is well treatable, the most important thing is to consult a doctor for medical care in a timely manner.

syl.ru

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