Eye drops on the basis of atropine

The modern pharmacological industry produces a large number of synthetic medicinal products. drugs that are widely used in various fields of medicine, including in ophthalmology. And many drugs are synthesized on the basis of formulas of natural chemical compounds of plant origin. Such medicines take a worthy place among the most innovative developments. Similar drugs include atropine.

What is atropine

Atropine is an ester of one of the organic acids.Previously, this drug was isolated from plants of the Solanaceae family. This is belladonna, dope, whitened and mandrake. All plants of this group are very toxic and atropine is a strong alkaloid.Now the preparation is synthesized on an industrial scale and has insignificant differences from plant components. Atropine is available in several dosage forms, but eye drops are used in ophthalmology, which is a solution of atropine sulfate.

In its pure form, atropine is a white powder, odorless. It dissolves well in water, alcohol and in physiological solutions.

Store atropine should be in the place absolutely inaccessible to children.

Group and pharmacological action

Atropine belongs to a group of strong m-holinoblokatorov that reduce or block the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.This department of the nervous system is included when the person is at rest, that is, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for relaxation.When it dominates, there is a decrease in heart rate, a narrowing of the pupils and activation of glands of internal secretion. For ophthalmology, the reverse process is desirable, in which the pupils dilate, and the discharge of tears decreases. Atropine is an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors, that is, it deactivates the work of the parasympathetic nervous system.

When using atropine in the form of eye drops, all the muscles of the eye relax, while the pupil is completely dilated and at the same time there is a disruption of accommodation.Accommodation is a process of "automatic" focusing of the eye, when a person is good at distinguishing objects located at different distances.Due to distortion of visual perception, when using atropine, it will not be possible to engage in small and delicate work.

After instilling a solution of atropine, it is strictly not recommended to drive the vehicle.

Method of use and indication

Atropine, like eye drops, is used as a 1% solution and is available in vials of 5 and 10 milliliters.After the introduction of 1-2 drops of atropine in the eye, the therapeutic effect, that is, the dilatation of the pupil, occurs approximately 30 minutes later and can last up to 10 days.After the administration of the drug, you need to press lightly on the corner of the eye, which is closer to the nose, in order to avoid getting the drug into the windpipe. The interval between instillations should be at least four hours. In addition to drops for intraocular administration of atropine is part of some ointments and special films.

In the setting of a medical institution, atropine can be administered by electrophoresis, in which a solution is used, and the anode is superimposed on the eyelid.In diagnostic practice, atropine is usually used as a drop to dilate the pupils when examining the fundus.Since the drug relaxes the musculature of the eye, it is successfully used to treat certain diseases. Drops are good for the following pathologies:

• Injuries of the eyeball;
• All kinds of inflammatory processes (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, corneal ulcer and others);
• Spasm of capillary vessels;
• Formation of microthrombi.

Also, atropine is used after eye operations during the recovery period, when complete relaxation of the eye muscles promotes rapid healing and recovery.

Atropine is released strictly according to the prescription of the doctor, as it refers to the list of "A" (Poisonous and narcotic drugs).

Side effects

Atropine, like other alkaloids, has a number of negative effects, which in some cases limits its use. First of all, atropine increases intraocular pressure, so its use in such a serious disease as glaucoma is not allowed. Also, some patients may have a biological intolerance to the drug, so it can not be used alone, without consulting a doctor.This is especially true for people over 40 years of age, because they may have latent or not diagnosed glaucoma. Quite often, when using eye drops based on atropine, the following negative reactions may appear:

• Redness of the eyelids;
• Unpleasant sensations from bright light;
• Redness of the eyeball;
• Dry mouth;
• Headache;
• Dizziness.

If such symptoms appear, stop using eye drops immediately and consult a doctor. In case of an overdose, all negative reactions are intensified.If eye drops are used together with anticholinergic drugs, the effect of atropine increases.In the course of the entire course of treatment and two weeks after its completion, it is necessary, in sunny weather, to constantly wear dark glasses. Extended pupil misses almost all the sunlight, which can cause serious complications.

Eye drops on the basis of atropine can not be used without the recommendation of a specialist.

Contraindications for use

There are quite a few diseases in which the use of atropine is not recommended. These include the following pathologies:

• Renal failure;
• Glaucoma;
• Cardiac ischemia;
• Ulcerative colitis;
• Hypertrophy of the prostate;
• Arterial hypertension.

In some cases, to reduce the possible tachycardia appointed validol.It is not recommended to use drops with atropine to persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.During pregnancy and lactation, drops are not prescribed, as studies have shown that the drug easily enters breast milk, which is unacceptable. To examine the fundus and treatment procedures, a solution of reduced concentration is used in children under 7 years of age. Usually it is 25%, 5% and,% solutions.During the use of atropine should give up contact lenses and go for glasses. In extreme cases, the lens can be installed one hour after instillation.

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conclusions

Because of the large number of side effects, eye drops based on atropine are increasingly used in ophthalmic practice. There are many new drugs that are successfully used for both diagnosis and treatment procedures. These drugs include:

• Irifrin.
• Cyclomed.
• Midratsil.

Adverse reactions in new drugs are extremely rare and less pronounced. These eye drops can be used without age restrictions.

Also read about such drugs as Phenylephrine and Dexamethasone.