In what cases is ophthalmic ointment with an antibiotic used

The human eye is one of the most delicate and complex structures of the body. From its normal functioning depends the perception of the surrounding world and the quality of life in general. Therefore, for the treatment of eye diseases, a wide variety of medications with different directionality and force of influence are used. Eye ointment with an antibiotic in this list is one of the main places, since the eyes, like other structures of the human body, often become the object of attack of pathogenic bacteria.

Application area

Ophthalmic ointments containing an antibiotic are a sought after remedy for most bacterial infections, as they have a number of undoubted advantages:

• They affect a certain affected area;
• Easy to use;
• They have a pronounced antibacterial effect.

Preparations mainly contain a broad-spectrum antibiotic and are therefore active against most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria:

• Staphylococci and streptococci;
• Salmonella and E. coli;
• Gonococcus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• Spirochetes, chlamydias, mycoplasmas, etc.

Antibacterial drugs have a bacteriostatic and bacterial effect on pathogenic microorganisms, preventing their reproduction and disrupting the integrity of cell membranes and other important structures in bacterial cell.

At what diseases

Eye ointment with an antibiotic is used in the treatment of a number of infectious and inflammatory eye lesions:

• Conjunctivitis- the most common infectious pathology. It can occur due to infection of the conjunctiva with staphylococci, streptococci, herpes virus, etc. Symptoms - redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva, lacrimation, purulent discharge. A characteristic feature is that the infection can pass to the second eye;
• Blepharitis- infectious damage to the edge of the eyelids caused by staphylococcus or mite demodex. As a result, the eyelid turns red, swells, scales and pus appear on the affected area;
• Keratite- Infectious inflammation of the cornea, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus. Typical symptoms are redness, photophobia, pain, sensation of a foreign body in the eye. Most often the source of infection is contact lenses;
• Corneal ulcer- Infection of the cornea with infection at various depth levels (there are 5 of them). It can be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Symptoms - redness of the conjunctiva, lacrimation, pain, purulent discharge, possibly reducing visual acuity;
• Barley (Meibomite)- Acute purulent inflammation of the hair sac of the eyelash or sebaceous gland located near the hair bulb. Symptoms - edema and reddening of the eyelid with the formation of abscess, accompanied by pain.

In addition to these often occurring lesions, antibacterial ophthalmic ointments can be used to treat and prevention of eye and eyelid diseases in the postoperative and post-traumatic period, as well as in a number of other infectious infections.

Advantages of using drugs

Like drops, ophthalmic ointments with an antibiotic are widely used to treat the cornea, some types conjunctivitis and other infectious lesions of the eyeball, but most often they are used for treatment century.

Ointments for the eyes have several advantages:

• Prolonged (prolonged) action of the active substance;
• Due to slow absorption, an increase in the concentration of the active substance is observed compared with the use of the drug in drops;
• The thick consistency makes it possible to apply the drug to a strictly defined affected area, which ensures cost-effectiveness in use.

One of the main drawbacks when using ointments is their long distribution by the affected area and impaired vision, because of which the time to perform the procedure significantly increases.

Types of drugs

In ophthalmic practice, there are several types of ophthalmic ointments used to treat bacterial lesions of the most diverse kind:

Name	Spectrum of action	Indications	Contraindications
Tetracycline (1%)	Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and others.	Blepharitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, trachoma, mixed forms, etc.	Individual intolerance to tetracycline or other components
Erythromycin	Most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma, etc.	Bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharitis (including newborns), trachoma, chlamydia	Hypersensitivity to erythromycin, impaired hepatic function
Tobrex	The active substance - tobramycin, active against most bacteria	Keratitis, blepharitis, keratitis, dacryocystitis, meibomite, iridocyclitis, etc.	Individual intolerance to drug components
Colbiocin, combined preparation	The main components are antibiotics tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sodium colistimethate, due to which the spectrum of exposure is expanded	In addition to the usual infections, it is used in the treatment of septic ulcer of the cornea	Children under 8 years old, impaired renal or hepatic function, pregnancy and lactation, hypersensitivity to components
Eubetal	The active substances are the same as in the previous preparation, but with the addition of a glucocorticoid-betamethasone disodium phosphate	Eye infectious and allergic diseases, prevention and treatment in the post-operation and post-traumatic period	Increased HP, viral and purulent diseases, barley, fungal lesions

The choice of a suitable remedy for treatment should only take place after a correct diagnosis and under the supervision of an ophthalmologist. Any medicine for the eyes is unacceptable to apply independently, and drugs with if used improperly, cause microbial resistance or serious adverse events.

Application rules

During the treatment procedures should follow a series of recommendations to achieve the greatest effectiveness:

• A special glass spatula is used to apply the medicine. If it is not in the package, they buy it at the pharmacy separately;
• Before the procedure, wash your hands with soap and scoop after washing, then scald with boiling water and allow to dry;
• Before applying too thick ointment is heated in a container with hot water;
• On the scapula, a small amount of ointment is collected, the lower eyelid is pulled out with the left hand, and the ointment is placed on the right;
• If the treatment is carried out, then the procedure is performed in front of the mirror;
• After that, the eyelids are closed and opened several times, distributing the ointment on the surface of the diseased area;
• Ointment is recruited in small amounts, so that after blinking did not have to remove the remains from the eyelids;
• Before each procedure, the scapula is disinfected, and the medicinal product is stored in accordance with the conditions specified in the instruction.

On each package or in the instructions, the production time and the expiration date are indicated. Important is the knowledge of the period of possible application after the opening of the package. Usually it does not exceed 1 month. After this, the medicine should be discarded.

During the treatment, contact lenses are not recommended. When infectious lesions, additional precautions should be followed: use rubber gloves, do not touch the tip of the tube of infected surfaces (eyelids, eyelashes, spatula), do not give your medication to other people and do not use strangers means.

The use of some eye ointments does not go away without the appearance of uncomfortable sensations: burning, rubbing, lacrimation. As treatment, these symptoms should disappear.If discomfort after taking the medication remains, discontinue the procedure and see a doctor.

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conclusions

Ophthalmic ointments with antibiotics are able to affect various structures of the eye, suppressing the infection in the shortest possible time. Preparations of this group are used in the prevention and treatment of infectious inflammatory processes of bacterial origin.

Self-treatment with regard to the eyes is unacceptable and can lead to a number of irregularities in functioning. Therefore, in each case, an ophthalmologist should be examined and a correct diagnosis made, and after that, based on the recommendations received, treatment is performed.

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