Deforming osteoarthritis: causes and treatment

Deforming osteoarthritis - forms, pathogenetic and medicamentous therapy, prevention

When patients have joint pain or dystrophic changes in cartilage tissues, doctors diagnose deforming osteoarthritis.

The disease is characterized by the degenerative state of the complex of the osteoarticular apparatus, its functional insufficiency.

Slow down the process of progressing osteoarthritis of the deforming will help competent medication, in severe cases, endoprosthetics are performed. Without the intervention of doctors, the disease risks developing into pathology.

What is deforming osteoarthritis

DOA of the knee joint, or osteoarthritis deforming, is a pathology characterized by impaired regeneration of connective tissue and its changes.

This leads to aging of the articular cartilage fraction of proteoglycans: they become thinner, become roughened, cracked, lose strength, elasticity.

With osteoarthritis deforming the inner bone in the joint is exposed, compacted, in it cysts and osteophytes along the edges grow.

Secondary osteoarthritis deforming occurs with defects of the cartilage inside the joint, the appearance of which arose due to injuries, tissue inflammation, aseptic necrosis, hormonal imbalance or metabolic exchange.

In Russia, the International Classification of Diseases has been adopted. This is a single document that serves for keeping records of diseases, morbidity and the reasons for going to hospitals. According to him, DOA joints belongs to the class of arthrosis and group M15-19:

• M15 - polyarthrosis - capable of hitting several joints;
• M16 - coxarthrosis - hip joint disease;
• M17 - gonarthrosis - of the knee;
• M18 - contributes to the defeat of the wrist joint;
• M19 - other, occurring anywhere in the body.

Doctors distinguish the following signs of DOA of the knee joint, which characterizes the disease:

• pain in the joints (arthralgia);
• venous congestion;
• increased intra-articular pressure;
• block pain of a periodic nature, occurs during movement, "wedges" the joint;
• crunching in joints during movement;
• limitation of mobility;
• muscle spasm;
• the appearance of symptoms begins in the spine, small phalangeal joints of the fingers, the illness in the knees is severe, leading to lameness and ankylosis;
• pain during prolonged walking, climbing the stairs;
• the appearance of dense distal nodules along the edges of the surface of the joints, painful and chained, subchondral osteosclerosis;
• a long period of illness leads to exacerbation of subluxations, necrosis of bones.

Causes

The factor of the appearance of a deforming type of osteoarthrosis is the mismatch between the load and the margin of strength of the joints. The causes that cause the disease and damage the joint are:

• excess weight;
• standing work;
• rachiocampsis;
• poor posture;
• professional sports - jumping, running, lifting weights;
• metabolic, hormonal disorders;
• decreased blood flow in the joints;
• genetic predisposition;
• elderly age;
• injuries;
• arthritis;
• psoriasis.

Stages of

The development of osteoarthritis of the deformant manifests itself in three stages known to doctors. They are characterized by a gradual complication of the disease:

• the first - the joint reduces mobility, the slit narrows, osteophytes begin to develop on the edges of the planes;
• the second - the joint is much less mobile, crunches when moving, the muscles atrophy;
• the third is deformation and changes in the shape of the joint, significant, severe limitation of mobility, overgrowth of the cracks, cysts, ankylosis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of DOA is made to the patient on the basis of a consultation of a rheumatologist and research. Doctors conduct X-ray diagnostics, allowing to see the narrowing of the slits, the growth of osteophytes, deformation, the presence of cysts.

A detailed examination of the osteoarthritis of the deforming is possible with the help of ultrasound, computed tomography and MRI.

For a clearer diagnosis, they perform puncture, arthroscopy, study of the properties and elements of the joint, synovial fluid and cartilaginous tissue.

Treatment of deforming osteoarthritis

The therapy of osteoarthrosis of deforming type should be complex. It includes preventive measures that reduce the burden on sick organs, as well as drug treatment. Here are the main points recommended by doctors:

• reduction of motor activity, avoidance of long walking, heavy lifting;
• the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - with diclofenac, nimesulide;
• intra-articular blockades to relieve severe pain, use of hormones;
• local effects of ointments, gels;
• application of chondroprotectors to stop the destruction of cartilage, restore the interphalange structure;
• local physiotherapy - paraffin exposure, electrotherapy, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, laser;
• therapeutic gymnastics, course of balneotherapy;
• in complications, endoprosthetics are performed.

Important methods in the treatment of osteoarthrosis of a deforming nature are therapeutic exercise and massage.

When performing exercise therapy it is important to do not too intense movements, perform the exercise carefully, without injuring the affected area.

Carefully increase the number of repetitions and intensity of exercises with osteoarthritis deforming. Optimal for them to perform lying and sitting, ideally - in the pool.

Auxiliary methods of local treatment of osteoarthrosis of deforming type are balneotherapy, thermal radiation, cryotherapy and ultrasound.

They reduce pain, muscle spasm, stiffness, but, together with acupuncture and laser, have many contraindications and are applied to the doctor's prescription.

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A number of cases of osteoarthrosis of deforming type requires arthroscopy - joint washing to remove particles of cartilage and relief of pain.

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Effective methods of alleviating the condition of patients are considered fixation of ligaments and tendons by elastic bandage or bandage, in advanced cases using sticks or crutches. Prospective areas of therapy for osteoarthritis of a deforming nature are:

• transplantation of chondrocytes - cartilage cells, which is capable of showing an effective result, but has not yet been fully developed;
• use of artificial lubricants, which have a pronounced effect of relief of pain.

Medicated

To reduce the pain syndrome, the drug is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the deforming type.

With mild pain, doctors prescribe Paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Diclonate, Voltaren, Ibuprofen, Xefokam, Movalis. When complications in the patient with ulcers and erosions of the gastrointestinal tract apply Nyz, Mesulide, Celebrex.

For local effects in osteoarthritis of the deforming type, anesthetic ointments are used - Finalgon, Feloran, Kapsikam, Fastum-gel.

Cycloferon is used to correct the immune processes in the case of osteoarthritis of the deforming nature, and for severe pain, not amenable to elimination of fixed assets, appoint intra-articular injection glucocorticoids.

They have a quick effect, which is noted by doctors.

Local

From drugs of local action for pain relief in inflammatory processes of osteoarthrosis of deforming type, prescribe drugs with skin irritating effect - ointments, gels, creams.

If it is difficult to use these medications, intraocular administration of glucocorticosteroids is recommended - injections are allowed no more than four times a year.

Introduce 4-20 mg of medicines Dexamethasone, Kenalog, Hydrocortisone.

Physiotherapy

In the case of osteoarthritis of the deforming type of the joints of the lower limbs, it is useful to use physiotherapy. It reduces pain, reduces tissue swelling, muscle spasm, improves microcirculation. Popular directions of treatment of osteoarthrosis of deforming are:

• electromagnetic therapy - exposure to ultrahigh frequencies;
• UZ-therapy - phonophoresis;
• Short-wave action by current;
• microwave therapy;
• electrophoresis;
• laser;
• compresses of mud, peat mud, paraffin;
• balneotherapy - baths with radon, hydrogen sulphide, salts, turpentine, iodine and bromine;
• hydrotherapy - to reduce the load and discomfort when walking.

Surgery

If conservative methods for treating osteoarthrosis of deforming type do not help, or the joint is completely destroyed, doctors use surgical intervention. Types of operations are:

1. Artrodes is the creation of an artificial immobility of the joint with fixation of it in a favorable position. The patient ceases to suffer from pain, walks alone, but the normal gait is not restored.
2. Arthroplasty - elimination of valgus deformation of the foot - "bones" on the fingers, is performed when it is impossible to wear shoes and move independently.
3. Endoprosthetics - replacement of a damaged joint with an artificial prosthesis. The procedure returns normal mobility, helps to avoid increased stress on the spine and limbs.

After the last operation for normal healing should be avoided significant loads.

For the prevention of pain, the development of infections and the formation of thrombi to the joint, ice is applied. When the edema subsides, you can do gymnastics.

In parallel with physical exercises, patients with osteoarthrosis of deforming type continue to drink medicines. Sutures are removed after two weeks.

If the operation is successful, a tire is placed on the third day to prevent the prosthesis from moving. It lasts for up to five weeks.

A patient with a deforming type osteoarthritis simultaneously works in physiotherapy exercises - stretches and strengthens the calf muscles.

After, -2 months from the moment of the operation, it is allowed to move without restrictions, completely loading the joint.

Prevention

After the operation and elimination of the pain reaction, the joint functions better, but it is impossible to achieve complete restoration of the cartilage in an adult.

Osteoarthrosis of deforming type without treatment threatens to develop into severe complications, can cause limb dysfunction, which results in disability and disability.

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The result of therapy depends on the rate of progression of the disease, the degree of development, age and general health of a person.

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To prevent the formation of osteoarthrosis of a deforming nature, doctors recommend carrying out a complex of the following measures:

• restriction of overloads on joints;
• timely treatment of injuries;
• flatfoot therapy, scoliosis;
• regular exercise in gymnastics;
• elimination of excess body weight.

A source: http://sovets.net/12161-deformiruyucshij-osteoartroz.html

Symptoms and treatment of deforming osteoarthritis

What problems arise in a person with the development of deforming osteoarthritis? What is the peculiarity of this disease? Who risks to get sick in the first place? What are the symptoms andtreatment of deforming osteoarthritis? And what must be done to never experience joint problems, and in the presence of complexities to lead a habitual way of life?

The result of deforming osteoarthritis development is degenerative joint damage, their deformation and complete immobility.

A similar condition of the osteoarticular apparatus does not appear in one day or even in a few months.

Without proper treatment, deforming osteoarthritis can develop over the years, gradually worn out the joint and eventually leading to a complete "paralysis" of the problem area.

Serious problems are preceded by a series of negative processes: disturbances in the functioning of cartilaginous tissues, thickening synovial fluid, the formation of osteophytes - bone growths, which the body tries to "cover" naked joint.

How does deforming osteoarthritis occur? Due to various reasons, the process of premature aging of cartilage is started - metabolic processes in tissues are violated, they cease to be updated at the cellular level.

Changes occur in the synovial fluid that nourishes bone-cartilaginous tissues and is a natural lubricant for them during movement.

Over time, the cartilages lose elasticity, crack, and bare bone tissues are "covered" by tumors - stiffened processes of deformed cartilage. If the load on the joint continues, then during movement it is displaced and deformed, so the pathology is called "deforming osteoarthritis".

A sign of deforming osteoarthritis becomes ankylosis - the immobility of the joint.

The most characteristic is deforming osteoarthritis for large joints that are most stressed - hip, knee, ankle, interphalangeal.

Distinguish between primary and secondary pathology. The first develops on a healthy joint due to various reasons that may remain unclear until the end. This type of pathology is more typical for mature and elderly people, and the risk of getting sick increases after 40 years.

Secondary osteoarthritis affects joints that were previously weakened by trauma, congenital or acquired pathologies, surgeries, hormonal failures, tissue necrosis and other factors.

By the age of retirement, primary osteoarthritis is found in almost everyone.

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Althoughtreatment of deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint, the hip or ankle is more often required for older people, the pathology can develop in younger patients.

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The main danger for weakened cartilage, covered with microcrack and burrs, as well as for the deprived Natural shock absorbers in the form of cartilage and synovial fluid of the joint represent redundant load. Therefore, the first group of reasons for the development of pathology include:

• physical labor associated with lifting weights;
• Professional sports training with high loads on the joints;
• overweight, which is dangerous in the first place for the hip and ankle joints, as well as the knees.

The remaining reasons can be divided into two large groups - congenital and acquired.

To hereditary factors provoking the development of deforming osteoarthritis, include dysplasia, deformations and anomalies spine, atrophy or hypermobility of ligaments, in which the load on the joint surfaces is also distributed wrong.

The group of acquired "provocateurs which trigger the process of destruction of cartilaginous tissue, includes:

• side effects from the use of certain medications;
• infectious diseases;
• metabolic and hormonal failures;
• disorders in the endocrine system;
• connective tissue diseases;
• chronic hemarthrosis (angioma, hemophilia);
• disorders of the nervous system (neurotrophic arthropathy).

More often the diagnosis "deforming osteoarthritis" is put to women after 45 years. This is due to hormonal failures in menopause or overweight. At a young age, on the contrary, the disease develops more often in men due to excessive loads and bad habits.

Symptomatic of deforming osteoarthritis depends on the degree of development of pathology, while the common signs of the disease in the first two stages differ only in the degree of manifestation.

The main symptoms of the disease include pain and mobility restriction (stiffness in the joint).

In case of emergency treatment of 2 degrees of deforming osteoarthritis of the knee, hip or ankleit is necessary to direct forces not only to eliminate pain, but also to solve the problem of a shortened limb and gait changes(limp, "duck" gait, dragging the foot).

Once again, we list the main symptoms of deforming osteoarthritis:

• pain in the affected joint;
• limitation of mobility;
• characteristic crunch when moving the joint;
• muscle atrophy (convulsions, weakness);
• deformation of the joint;
• swelling;
• change the nature of the gait, if the joints of the legs are affected, or the inability to perform the usual movements by hand.

How do the symptoms manifest at different stages of development of deforming osteoarthritis?

At an early stage, it is difficult to diagnose a disease, since the symptoms are not clearly expressed, can resembling manifestations of other diseases, as well as being written off for general health - age or physical load. So, the pain appears after a busy day, if a person, for example, spent a long time on his feet or sitting in front of the computer.

After rest the pain subsides and disappears.

At the first stage, slight stiffness in the movements is possible, which causes pain - the problem leg or arm is intuitive you want to take care, so a person treads less on the foot, tries less to bend his knees or more to use the left hand. Perhaps the appearance of a characteristic crunch in the joint during the movement, which is barely discernible.

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For the most effective treatment of deforming osteoarthritis, it is desirable to identify it at an early stage. It's difficult, but maybe you just need to be more attentive to your body.

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A timely visit to the doctor and an X-ray examination performed at the first stage will show the development of pathology - the initial destruction of the cartilage.

Usually, patients come for help when the pain starts to be permanent in order to get a disappointing diagnosis - deforming osteoarthritis of the hip or other joint of the 2 nd degree, the treatment of which must be started immediately.

Referring to the polyclinic does not seem surprising, because the pain does not go away by itself and accompanies the person during movement, increasing with the load on the joint. Puffiness and the first signs of deformity of the joint may appear.

Often the picture shows the so-called articular "mouse" - a splinter of bone, which causes severe pain during movement of the joint. At this stage, the patient still retains the ability to move, but uses a cane while walking.

By the way, usually a third-party support is recommended by the doctor in order to reduce the burden on the injured joint.

The third stage of pathology development is final. If the treatment has not been carried out, the cartilage tissues are finally destroyed, and the joints are completely immobilized.

The pain is present constantly, the crunch of the joint is clearly audible, the palpation is accompanied by acute pains, the articulation is severely deformed (increased in size, displaced, etc.).

The patient can move only with the help of auxiliary means - walking sticks, crutches, wheelchair. The problem is clearly discernible without an X-ray, although it certainly is being done to clarify the situation.

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In the third stage of deforming osteoarthritis, the only way to restore mobility is endoprosthetics - a surgical operation to replace the joint with an artificial implant. That is why it is so important to identify the symptoms of an illness in the early stages, when treatment is still possible without cardinal measures.

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The main tasks that arise before the doctor and patient in the treatment of deforming osteoarthritis:

• to stop cartilage degradation, thus preventing, as far as possible, the destruction and deformation of the joint;
• relieve pain;
• eliminate mobility restrictions;
• maximize the usual functions.

Deforming osteoarthritis is not an inflammatory disease, but has a chronic character, so with the once emerged pathology of cartilage tissue will have to fight throughout the life.

But before treatment is importantcorrectly diagnose the disease, determine its degree, because it is in many ways and will determine the specificity of the treatment course. For diagnosis carry out:

• careful visual examination and palpation of the joint;
• X-ray examination;
• biochemical and general blood analysis;
• synovial fluid analysis;
• arthroscopy (a small operation to insert the endoscope inside the joint).

It should be taken seriously that it is only possible to obtain reliable information on how to treat deforming osteoarthritis in a particular patient, from the attending physician.

It is important that the treatment of deforming osteoarthritis is carried out only in a complex way, andthe program necessarily includes medicamentous effects, and, at the discretion of the doctor, manual therapy, physiotherapy and massage, exercise therapy and other methods.

Conservative therapy is carried out using non-steroidal drugs (voltaren, brufen, etc.), which help to eliminate inflammation and relieve pain.

To increase the vascular tone, a short course of novocaine injections is carried out.

Do not forget aboutchondroprotectors - drugs that help restore the natural structure of cartilaginous tissues. To cope with this task in full is not capable of either diet or traditional medicine.

Strong pain symptoms are eliminated with intra-articular hormonal blockades, but they are treated with extreme caution because the drugs have strong side effects.

In the early stages, to eliminate pain, improve the structure of cartilaginous tissues, and accelerate blood flow, ointments and gels can be used that minimize adverse reactions. The most popular products for external use include diclofenac, ketoprofen, ibuprofen.

The adjustment of the diet is of great importance. It helps to reduce excess weight and thereby reduce the burden on the affected joints.

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The menu excludes fatty and excessively salty foods, smoked products, sweets, white bread.

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A healthy dish becomes a cold with a high content of collagen, and also berry, fish or chicken jellied, cooked on the basis of gelatin.

It has already been said about the importance of physiotherapy, but it is only after consulting with the attending physician and under the guidance of a physiotherapist who will monitor the correctness of the exercises. Otherwise, you risk even more harm to your joints.

Many disputes are being made about whether the effect of traditional medicine.

Most experts are convinced thattreatment of deforming osteoarthritis with folk remedies can only bear fruit in the early stagesand in combination with traditional methods of influencing the affected joint, in the first place it is a question of medications.

For the prevention of deforming osteoarthritis, it is important to exclude all provoking factors, which means:

• you need to follow the weight, following a diet;
• avoid excessive stress on the affected joints, prolonged fixation of the body in one position;
• after 40 years regularly undergo examinations;
• if necessary, use orthoses and a cane to evenly distribute the load to the problem joint;
• monitor the spine, prevent or timely correct any violations in his position;
• to organize the right sleeping place, having bought an orthopedic mattress of necessary rigidity;
• in consultation with a doctor, regularly drink the course of chondroprotectors;
• daily to practice therapeutic gymnastics - those exercises that you learned to do under the guidance of a physician.

Patients with deforming osteoarthritis may berecommended annual spa treatment, the program of which includes the reception of various baths (radon, sulfuric) and mud treatment.

Effective treatment of deforming osteoarthritis directly depends on the timely detection of symptoms, so listen carefully to your the body and do not hesitate to visit the clinic if the knees become "unruly thighs "shoot and the fingers refuse to perform simple movement.

A source: https://medeok.ru/artroz/simptomy-i-lechenie-deformiruyushchego-osteoartroza

Deforming osteoarthrosis of the joints of the feet: causes, features and methods of treatment

Deforming osteoarthritis of the foot is a chronic degeneration of the foot joints due to articular cartilage dystrophy, which causes changes in bone surfaces and their deformation, proliferation of bone formations and development of synovitis (inflammation of the inner membrane cartilage).

Features of DOA of the foot joints

Movement is life.

Because of hypodynamia or heavy loads on the locomotor system, injuries, excess weight and aging, cartilage structures wear out provoking different forms of arthrosis. Deforming osteoarthritis (DOA) of the foot is considered one of the most unpleasant manifestations of this process.

In the process of biological aging of articular cartilage, metabolism is broken, cartilaginous elasticity decreases.

He himself looses the fibrous structure, becomes covered with cracks, becomes rough, thereby exposing the underlying bone. Osteophytes grow on the edges of bones, hindering movements.

The process is exacerbated by inflammation of the joint cavity due to the ingress of microscopic cartilaginous fragments.

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This pattern is typical for the development of arthritis, osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis. In the presence of the disease on the large joints (knee, hip) often occurs DOA of the foot, phalangeal, interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal zones. The disease was assigned the code M 19 according to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD 10

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The reasons for the appearance of DOA stop:

• injuries;
• congenital and acquired flat feet;
• activities associated with increased stress on the feet;
• unbalanced nutrition;
• genetic predisposition.

Other features of foot osteoarthrosis:

1. Refers to age-related diseases, more often - to women.
2. The majority of women suffering from DOA are overweight, due to which the disease develops.
3. Most ankles are affected by ankle joints and metatarsophalangeal joints of the thumb.
4. This is a chronic disease. It is difficult to treat.

Symptoms and Degrees

Symptomatic manifestation gradually. This is due to the gradual process of destruction of the joints and cartilage. It is almost impossible to pay attention to pathology at an early stage. To learn the osteoarthrosis of the foot, you can be on 2 or 3 degrees on the following grounds:

1. Pain when loaded on the foot or immediately after it, more often - in the afternoon.
2. "Jamming" of the joints, accompanied by sharp pain with every slight movement.
3. Mechanical pain in the foot area after the fracture.
4. Night aching pain due to spasmodic periarticular muscles or venous stasis of the subchondral section. When you move your foot, the pain decreases or stops.
5. Noticeable deformation of joints and bone structure at a late stage.

Depending on the complexity of the course of the disease, deterioration of the joints and cartilage, there are 3 degrees of DOA of the foot:

Power	Picture disease
The first	Periodic, infrequent pain. After physical exertion on the foot - pain, discomfort, general overwork. Discomfortable sensations are concentrated in the front of the foot. Puffiness of the joint is almost completely absent.
The second	Severe pain during the day, which occurs during exercise and at rest, can be constant - with recoil to other parts of the foot. Noticeable arthrosis thickening and compaction in the zone of the first metatarsal bone. Episodic night aching pains. The beginning of the development of hallux valgus is the "bones" of the big toe.
The third	The unbearable nature of pain. Painkillers and muscle relaxants are ineffective. Movement is difficult, sometimes completely blocked. Deformation of the affected joint becomes noticeable to the naked eye. The omission of the thumb down with a clear increase, offset and hallux valgus. The foot loses support function, gives complications to the spine. At extreme conditions a person can not move independently.

Methods of treatment of metatarsophalangeal joint

Deforming osteoarthritis affects the metatarsophalangeal joint of the large, 1st finger. Also, DOA has 1 degree of interphalangeal foot joints in women, but the metatarsophalangeal form occurs 4 times more often in the stronger sex.

Perhaps the reason for this is a pronounced valgus deformation due to high physical exertion in men. This kind of osteoarthritis affects many professional football players.

In women, the area of ​​metatarsophalangeal joints can be deformed by a narrow model shoes with high heels.

Before treating arthrosis of the joints of the toes, including 1 metatarsophalangeal, the doctor will perform a full examination, including:

• radiography;
• MRI-diagnostics;
• blood test.

Conservative methods

Anti-inflammatory non-steroid preparations, chondroprotectors and restorative products, vitamin preparations.

Example of a medicine	Dosage form	Action on the body
Indomecin	Tablets, ointment, gel	Anesthetic action, removal of inflammation. As an external tool is used 7-14 days. The volume of the individual daily application is calculated by the doctor.
Orthophene	Ointment, injection, candles	Removal of edema and pain syndrome. Individual appointment is made by a specialist. Course - 1-2 weeks.
Ibuprofen	Ointment, cream, gel, candles	It is effective for external use and when administered orally and rectally. The course of treatment is up to 14 days. Duration and volume of use are also adjusted by the doctor depending on the neglect of the disease.

Steroid hormones, more often - in the form of injections in the joint that has begun to deform: hydrocortisone, diprospan, kenalog, etc. In pharmacies, they are issued on prescription.

The traditional indications also include methods that can be performed at home:

Physiotherapy

• UHF.
• Magnetotherapy.
• Phonophoresis and electrophoresis with active drugs.
• Laser therapy.
• Baths with hydrogen sulphide, turpentine, radon.
• Mud treatment.

Folk remedies of warming, anti-inflammatory action (baths of thyme and juniper, alcoholic tinctures of eucalyptus, honey and propolis compresses, ointments from bee venom and spoilage).

Orthopedic pads and inserts in shoes. Change of shoes for free models with a thick sole, low stable heel.

At stage 3, it is proposed to treat osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint operatively - artificially immobilize the diseased joint.

Operational methods:

• Operation Brandes (resection of exostoses) - part of the phalanx of the thumb is removed, a tire is placed on the foot. After 2-3 weeks, gradual extension of the phalanx and recovery with the help of exercise therapy will be performed.
• Arthroplasty is the fusion of the phalanx of one finger with the metatarsal bone to complete immobility. Through the incision, a part of the joint with cartilage and bone is removed, the remaining fragments are spliced ​​with the aid of a fixative. After complete adherence (3-4 months) the pain will completely pass.
• Replacement of the deformed joint on the implant. The advantage of the method is the ability to select the ideal size for the patient. Minus - such a prosthesis can quickly wear out.

Ointment Review

1. Anti-inflammatory - relieve inflammation:

• Diclofenac - emulgel, voltaren, dicloberl.
• Indomethacin.
• Ketoprofen - fastum, ketonal, fast.
• Dimethyl sulfoxide - Dolobene.
• Nimesulid is nimulid, nyz.
• Ibuprofen is a relic, a dolgite.

1. Warming - on the basis of irritating substances, increase the permeability of the capillary system.

On poisons - apizatron, apiriven, virapin, voltaren, viprobel.

On pepper - Espol.

Other warming ointments are menovazine, gevkamen, nicofleks.

1. Ointments from folk recipes on herbs:

Ural Ointment; ointment with hops, clover and St. John's wort; honey pastes

Preventive measures and prognosis

When the first symptoms of DOA are detected, positive measures provide basic preventive measures.

Walking barefoot on the natural landscape, strengthening muscles with physical exercises, improving blood circulation self-massage and other active effects on the feet and fingers will prevent the development of the disease and keep the feet healthy.

arthrosis, treatment of azine, osteoarthritis (1, 0of 5)

A source: http://PozvonochnikPro.ru/bolezni-sustavov/doa-stopy.html

What is deforming knee osteoarthritis: a diagnosis of DOA 1 and 2 degrees

Deforming osteoarthritis is a joint disease, in which degenerative changes occur in their tissues, which manifest themselves in changes in structure and the formation of bone growths.

Until now, the causes of the onset of this disease have not been accurately determined, and the features of its course are not yet fully understood.

A healthy cartilage of the joint consists of such tissues:

• Collagen fibers;
• Chondrocytes;
• Complex basic substance, which includes proteins, mucopolysaccharides and chondroitin sulfate (it is he who gives the cartilage elasticity and elasticity and is responsible for the correct distribution of loads).

The cartilage itself is incapable of active regeneration, has no blood vessels and nerve endings. The food he receives from the synovial fluid. On the one hand, due to the reduced biological activity of cartilage cells, the inflammatory processes in it take place slowly.

For this reason, symptoms at the initial stage of development deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint are almost not manifested. But on the other hand, if the cartilage is damaged and partially destroyed, it will take months, and sometimes years, to restore it.

Deforming arthrosis begins with changes in metabolic processes in the cartilage. What is the impetus for violations - has not yet been precisely clarified.

Description of the development of the DOA knee joint

If we talk about internal factors, under the influence of which deforming osteoarthritis can develop, then they include:

1. Genetic predisposition.
2. Hormonal reorganization - most often with menopause.
3. Pathologies of general or local circulation, in which there are violations of the vascularization of the joint.
4. The ingress of cartilaginous fractions - proteoglycans.
5. An increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes capable of destroying cartilaginous tissues (in the proximal joints, the production of predominantly cathepsin-D and neutral proteinases is activated).

External factors that can also become an impetus to the development of such a pathology as deforming osteoarthritis are:

• Obesity and overweight.
• Excessive physical stress on the joint.
• Other joint diseases - for example, arthritis of different nature.
• Congenital pathology of the joints.

How great is the impact of each of these factors on the emergence and development of pre-ana is unknown.

If the tissues of already altered cartilage begin to degenerate, a secondary deforming osteoarthrosis is diagnosed. The impetus can be flat feet, arthritis, various injuries of the joint or limb (in this case, posttraumatic osteoarthritis is diagnosed), congenital articular dysplasia.

Metabolic disorders as an initial stage of the development of the disease

The cartilage begins to change its structure, if depolymerization and reduction of the amount of cndoroitin sulfate, which is a part of proteoglycans, occurs in its tissues. This disorder is observed with a decrease in the functionality of chondrocytes, with increased activity of lysosomal enzymes or changes in collagen fibers.

Since the cartilage does not receive enough nutrition, its degeneration begins. The tissues are replaced by connective tissues, while the chondrocytes die partially, and the remaining ones undergoes prolefirovaniya. The cartilage becomes turbid and loses its elasticity, its surface becomes dry and rough (see Fig. a photo).

Further, deforming osteoarthritis develops as follows: the surface of the cartilage is cracked, and the central part, the one with the most loads, is damaged most severely. The fibers of the tissues begin to separate, the cartilage is thinned and gradually destroyed. But changes in bone tissues in places of contact with cartilage and synovial membrane are still absent.

For a long time the clinical picture can remain latent, while external or internal factors again do not have their impact and will not serve as the reason for the pathology transition to the next stage.

Symptoms of deforming osteoarthritis

With a pre-joint joint of 1 degree, patients complain of pain, which usually disturbs after physical exertion, with prolonged standing or long walking. In a state of rest or after an overnight rest, the patient feels relieved.

In some cases, so-called starting pains are noted, when discomfort occurs with a sharp load, and then decreases as the joint develops and physical activity increases. A characteristic symptom: it is very difficult for a patient to go down the stairs.

Often observed spasms of muscles adjacent to the joints, loss of sensitivity.

This is explained by the irritation of the nerve and muscle tissues with osteophytes with bone growths on the joints.

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Often, if the patient has been at rest for a long time, stiffness is noted when the movement is resumed.

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This is due to muscle fatigue, at later stages it will make itself felt regardless of whether the patient was at rest or activity.

With deforming osteoarthritis, the "blockade" of the joints is also characteristic; the patient feels a sharp pain that can catch him anywhere, and for this reason can not continue moving.

Pain causes a joint "mouse" - necrotic fragments of cartilage or fragments of osteophytes, biting into muscle tissue. After a while, the pain passes by itself, and the patient can move on.

The diagnosis of deforming osteoarthritis is most often posed to elderly women who are overweight.

If the disease is at an early stage of development, deformations of the joint elements may be absent.

Later, there is an increase, more precisely, an extension of the joint, the formation of growths - this is the osteophytes of the knee joint.

Because of osteophytes and fibro-sclerotic changes of the joint capsule, flexion-extensor movements of the knee joint may be limited.

The regional muscles are either not atrophied or slightly atrophied.

Varicose veins, cold feet are often noted, and there are periodic signs of paresthesia.

Before you make a final diagnosis and prescribe a therapy for deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint, it is recommended to examine the spine and other joints.

Methods of treatment of deforming osteoarthritis

It is quite difficult to treat this pathology because the cartilage can not be restored to its original state, returning all the functions and properties completely, it is impossible.

Cartilage tissues are capable of regeneration, but the process is very long.

Therefore, if such a diagnosis is made, one should be patient and prepare for a long, stubborn fight against the disease.

The main goals of the treatment:

• Relieve pain syndrome;
• Stop the destruction of cartilage;
• Restore or maintain the mobility of the joint and limb.

To succeed, it is important to eliminate external and internal factors that can contribute to the development of the disease, if the inflammatory process has begun - to stop it. And the main thing is to prevent the involvement of other organs in the development of the disease. Complex treatment of doa includes such methods:

1. Reception of medicines of different action;
2. Physiotherapy;
3. Measures to adjust the daily routine and exercise;
4. Dietotherapy and treatment with folk remedies;
5. Spa treatment;
6. Surgical treatment for advanced forms of the disease.

Drug therapy presupposes the primary course of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

They have a complex action, while eliminating the pain syndrome and stopping the inflammatory process.

You can also use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ointments for topical application.

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These drugs include salicylates, pyrozolone derivatives, indomethacin, voltaren. Assigning drugs of this group, it should be borne in mind that with prolonged admission, they all aggressively affect the gastrointestinal tract.

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And since most of the patients are women over 45, it is necessary to make sure that there are no contraindications. The best medicines are tolerated such as voltaren, ibuprofen, naprosin. In addition, they can be used externally in the form of ointments.

With the reactive form of the disease, medication often includes hydrocortisone. They need to be injected directly into the left or right knee - depending on which joint is affected. Injections are done with an interval of at least 7 days, even with very severe pain and inflammation.

If you inject hormones more often, the opposite effect will be achieved - degenerative changes in cartilage tissue will begin to flow faster, the disease will move to the next stage.

Complex treatment of deforming osteoarthritis

Effectively complement the drug treatment with deforming ooearthrosis:

• Complexes of vitamins and minerals;
• ATP;
• Riboxin.

If there are no contraindications, the use of anabolic steroids is permissible: retabolil, nerobolil, methandrostenolone.

It is noted that if the doppler joint develops in parallel with other infectious diseases in the body of the upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract, the pain syndrome can be quite different character. The pain is sharper, and the patient is worried almost constantly, regardless of the load on the joint, the state of rest or activity.

In this case, antibiotic and antihistamine medicines are necessarily added to the basic drug treatment.

1. Mud treatment, wraps and applications.
2. Ozokeritic and paraffin applications on the affected joint area.
3. Electrophoresis with Novocain Solution, Ronidase, Salicylate.
4. Diadynamic currents.
5. Ultrasound.

If the disease is a consequence of reactive arthritis, phonophoresis with hydrocortisone is prescribed. In the compensated stage of the disease, a good effect is obtained by rubbing the joint with ointment containing viropine, bovine bile, viprotox, various compresses.

During this period, massage and exercises from physiotherapy exercises are shown. But all exercises should be performed without stress on the joint - sitting, lying, or better in the water. Swimming is most preferable.

You can treat the deforming type of osteoarthritis with folk remedies, but only in combination with medication and physiotherapy. At least once a year, recommended sanatorium and health resort. Choices should be health resorts with iodide-bromine, hydrogen sulfide, radon sources and mud clinics.

Recently, treatment of knee joints with laser radiation of low frequency has become very popular. Practice has shown that with deforming osteoarthritis helium-neon and helium-cadmium lasers are most effective. One course lasts 15 sessions.

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With the help of a laser, pain is effectively removed, the inflammatory process stops, and the destruction of the joint tissues ceases. If there is no result after the application of all the above methods, local X-ray therapy is performed - the most affected areas of the joints are irradiated.

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If these measures were also ineffective, deformity of the joints with a strong restriction of mobility is noted, a surgical operation is prescribed. Arthroplasty or endoprosthetics is performed.

To prevent relapses, the patient should be provided with sparing working conditions without overloading the joint, regular and full rest, appropriate food, preferably an annual holiday in a sanatorium and accommodation in good climatic conditions (hypothermia and dampness contraindicated).

A source: http://sustav.info/bolezni/osteoarthritis/deformiruyushhij-osteoartroz.html