Knee joint dislocation: symptoms, treatment, first aid

Dislocation of the knee joint

Dislocation of the knee joint is the displacement of congruent (corresponding to each other, articulating) bone surfaces in the knee joint.

Such a pathological condition under ordinary conditions is rare, since the knee joint is strengthened strong ties protecting it from damage, and large strong bones: femoral, tibial and patella. More dislocated for people who regularly perform excessive physical exertion (for example, for athletes).

Suspected dislocation can occur if the following symptoms occur:

• Sharp pain and stiffness in the joint.
• Deformation of the knee joint.
• Incorrect position of the injured leg.

Allocate:

• Dislocation of the patella or knee cap - the displacement of the patella relative to the femoral and tibia (occurs more often and has a favorable prognosis).
• Dislocation of the tibia or tibia - displacement of the tibia relative to the femoral and patella (more severe damage with a frequent outcome in the development of arthrosis and a dangling joint).

Causes

In a healthy person in ordinary household conditions, dislocations of the knee joint are rare.

More often to them lead damaging actions of the big force (accidents, failures and other is natural-technogenic events).

There are dislocations and in athletes, in which the knee joint carries a heavy load.

Thus, we can distinguish the following reasons:

• Sports injuries - in professional athletes and unsuccessful physical education (jumping, running, cycling).
• Injuries in road accidents, when a blow, first of all, falls on the knees of a man.
• The fall from height - often combined with fractures of bones, craniocerebral trauma and damage to internal organs.

To promote the development of dislocation under the action of the factors listed above, the genetic predisposition to the weakness of the ligaments can be.

Traumatic dislocation of patella

Dislocation of the kneecap refers to the common pathology of the joint, due to the insufficiently firm fixation of the patella to the femur. When the knee is struck from the front and the side, it can change its position, resulting in damage to all tissues of the leg.

There is deformation of the knee joint due to the displacement of the patella in the side or wedging it into the joint slot.

The change in shape is accompanied by sharp pain in the affected limb, rapid development of edema and hemarthrosis (ingress of blood into the joint cavity).

Movement in the knee joint is impossible because of severe soreness.

Visually, the knee is deformed from the front and the leg is slightly bent.

Radiography is the leading factor in confirming the diagnosis.

In addition, on X-rays, possible damage to the bones forming the joint can be ruled out.

The development of hemarthrosis, in addition to radiographic findings, is confirmed by the puncture of the knee joint.

After correcting the dislocation and pumping out the blood from the joint, special attention is paid to long-term immobilization (4-6 weeks) and physiotherapy.

Failure to comply with the timing of fixation can lead to an unfavorable outcome - the occurrence of habitual dislocation.

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Its feature is the displacement of the patella, even with a slight physical impact, for example, when doing daily work (walking, squats, bends).

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The appearance of the symptoms of habitual dislocation requires additional diagnosis by the methods of magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy of the knee joint, and in the future - surgical treatment.

Traumatic dislocation of the tibia

Dislocation of the lower leg is relatively rare and refers to the severe pathology of the knee joint. His appearance is usually preceded by serious events - such as a fall from a height, road accidents.

The severity of the condition is due to the combination with the defeat of other organs and systems: concussion of the brain and damage to internal organs.

As a rule, in addition to the displacement of the tibia, other traumatic changes in the joint are observed - tearing of muscles and ligaments, accumulation of blood in the joint cavity (hemarthrosis) and others.

Depending on the displacement of the tibia, spiny dislocations are distinguished:

• Front
• Rear
• Outer
• Interior

Anterior leg dislocation

This variant of the dislocation is the most common. With anterior dislocation, the tibia displaces anteriorly relatively femur, and the patella moves obliquely, covering the tibia head.

It results in a frontal impact above the knee (on the femur) or a blow behind it (on the tibia). Also, the cause may be excessive knee extension when the foot is still.

Other joint injuries are observed: rupture of cruciate ligaments, lateral and medial ligaments, development of hemarthrosis.

Dislocation may be

• Full (The leg is unbent, there is a shortening of the damaged limb).
• Incomplete (There is no limb shortening, the leg is slightly bent).

With any of the options for motion are impossible.

Deformation of the joint leads to compression of the nerves (tibial and fibular) and vessels (popliteal artery and vein), which is accompanied by further changes in the lower leg and foot.

The shin acquires a pale color, and in the future, a cyanotic color; it is cold to the touch. And the pulse is either not detected, or severely weakened. Nerve compression leads to loss or restriction of sensitivity and the development of paralysis.

Posterior shank dislocation

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The condition is characterized by the displacement of the tibial head posterior to the relatively femoral head. Such deformation occurs when a posterior stroke is higher than the knee (on the femur) or a frontal impact below the knee (tibial).

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It is combined with damage to the ligaments: cruciform, lateral and medial and detachment of the knee ligament.

Visually - joint of irregular shape, enlarged in anteroposterior direction. The epiphysis of the femur is palpable in the front, and the tibial epiphysis posterior. The patella is oblique and covers the femur in front.

Dislocation can be:

• Full (the leg is in the unbent position and is shortened).
• Incomplete (there is no shortening of the limb, the leg is slightly bent).

Posterior dislocation is often accompanied by a jamming of nerves and vessels located in the popliteal fossa.

External and internal dislocation of the lower leg

These options are less common. They arise when the epiphysis of the tibia is displaced internally or outward, combined with rupture of the lateral and median ligaments and the ingress of blood into the joint cavity.

When viewed, the leg is bent, the joint is deformed, the patella is displaced in the opposite direction.

Diagnosis is based on radiography data.

To clarify the questionable results shown MRI.

It is necessary to consult a neurologist and an angiosurgeon for correction of nerve and vessel damage.

Dislocations of the shin require immediate provision of qualified medical care. After correcting and eliminating the signs of hemarthrosis, a control radiography with further prolonged immobilization (4-6 weeks) and physiotherapy is mandatory.

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The combination of dislocation with damage to soft tissues, ligaments, vessels and nerves is a direct indication for surgical treatment.

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In the recovery period, exercise therapy, physiotherapy and massage are recommended. In connection with the risk of adverse effects (gonarthrosis, dangling joint), reconstructive surgery may be necessary.

Congenital dislocations of the knee joint

The development of dislocation of the knee joint in the absence of injuries, in the first place, is associated with the congenital pathology of development of bone and cartilaginous tissues.

Such developmental anomalies as hypoplasia of the patella and hypoplasia of the external condyle lead to the development of a patellar dislocation.

This pathology is more typical for boys and in the early stages is manifested by unstable, shaky gait and a progressive increase in weakness in the injured leg.

Congenital dislocations are a great danger, as they can lead to severe arthrosis and disability.

To prevent adverse effects, the earliest detection and urgent surgical correction of the dislocation is necessary. The main method of diagnosis - joint radiography. Can be supplemented with data from MRI, CT, arthroscopy.

First aid for knee joint dislocation

In no case should you try to fix the dislocation yourself! Such a procedure requires special knowledge of the anatomy of the joint, features and methods of correcting the dislocations. If you act wrong, there is a great chance of damaging the surrounding soft tissues, blood vessels, nerves and aggravate the trauma.

Before the arrival of a doctor, you should try to provide the victim with the most comfortable position, so that the leg is not tense. Then you should maximally immobilize the affected limb, using a special tire or other improvised means.

For the purpose of anesthetizing and removing the edema, it is possible to apply cold (ice, snow, etc.) to the knee.

Treatment of a dislocation can be prescribed only by a doctor!

To which doctor should I go?

To correct the dislocation and get qualified medical care, you need to contact a doctor - a traumatologist.

Do not know how to pick up a clinic or doctor at reasonable prices? Single call center by phone.

A source: http://www.knigamedika.ru/travmy-i-otravleniya/koleno/vyvix-kolennogo-sustava.html

Knee joint dislocation: symptoms and treatment, first aid for trauma and rehabilitation

The knee joint is quite large. It performs important functions in the body: the active movement of the legs during walking and running, the main body weight is kept by this anatomical entity.

Dislocation of the knee joint is a displacement of the articular surfaces (head of the femur and tibia). This trauma occurs infrequently, since this joint is under the protection of the patella. It is he who often takes the blow.

In the article you will learn how to treat a dislocation of the knee joint and be rehabilitated after a trauma at home.

The frequent causes of such an injury

This pathology can occur in different circumstances. Experts distinguish several etiological factors, in other words, the reasons that contribute to the development of dislocation of the knee joint:

• Landing on legs, especially straightened, which occurs after jumping or falling from a height. In this case, the development of trauma is promoted by the overgrowth of the ligament apparatus and the effect of the entire body weight on the lower limbs, namely, on the knee joints;
• Playing sports and outdoor games. This injury is well known to athletes, especially athletes, cyclists and gymnasts. The habitual dislocation can become the reason of refusal of intensive physical activity;
• Car accidents. In this case, a person can get multiple injuries of varying severity. Knees almost always suffer during an accident, since they are located in front of the body (sitting position);
• A direct blow to the knee. Often such a trauma can be obtained in a fight if the blow was inflicted with a blunt object with great force (bit, leg, metal tube and others);
• Pathology of the musculoskeletal system (arthritis, arthrosis);
• Congenital weakness of the muscular and connective (ligament) tissue. In this case, any awkward movement can lead to injury. This is a genetic factor.

Types of knee dislocations

There are several classifications of this type of pathology. There are several types of dislocations, depending on the time of treatment of the victim for medical care:

• Severe dislocation. Trauma is diagnosed within a few hours after its onset;
• Old-aged dislocation. It is found after a certain time after receiving the injury (3 - 4 weeks or more).

Traumatologists all dislocations of the knee joint are divided into two large groups:

• Congenital. Pathology occurs during fetal development or during severe labor. This type of dislocation is more common in newborn girls;
• Acquired. Trauma occurs under the influence of various traumatic forces. They, in turn, are divided into: traumatic, pathological.

Depending on the degree of displacement of articular surfaces, the following are distinguished:

• Full dislocation, that is, articular surfaces lose the total area of ​​contact;
• Incomplete dislocation. In this case, the articular surfaces have points of contact.

The following classification is based on the presence or absence of complications:

• Complicated dislocations (rupture of ligaments, fractures of bones, damage to muscle tissue);
• Uncomplicated.

Also, several types of this trauma are distinguished depending on the direction of the traumatic force:

• Rotary;
• Vertical;
• Lateral.

Trauma can be both closed and open. However, dislocation often accompanies closed lesions. Also, separately distinguish the usual trauma, which periodically occurs in the same place.

A habitual dislocation of the knee joint

The habitual dislocation is a consequence of acute injury of the knee joint.

This type of pathology occurs even with a slight impact on the knee (sharp turn, awkward movement, lifting heavy objects).

In this case, the joint surfaces of the tibial and femur bones are re-dissociated.

There may also be incomplete displacement of bones relative to each other during repeated trauma. In modern traumatology, such a condition was treated with such a name as instability of the joint.The following conditions contribute to the emergence of this pathology:

• Damage to the ligamentous apparatus in acute dislocation, which has not completely recovered;
• Knee ligaments are weak from birth, their elasticity is greatly increased;
• The patella is high.

This condition requires treatment. Otherwise, there are various complications.

Symptoms of knee joint dislocation

The clinical picture of this pathology is very specific.There are several symptoms that will help to identify the dislocation of the knee:

• A sharp, sometimes unbearable, pain. It occurs at the time of trauma and lasts for a long time. And the pain tends to increase when trying to move the patient with his foot and when palpating the area of ​​damage;
• The contours of the joint change, the tibial bone can be visualized and probed;
• The injured limb may become shorter than the healthy leg;
• The leg has an unusual (pathological position), that is, it unnaturally turns out;
• Puffiness of the knee area. Sometimes swelling can reach considerable size;
• In the place of impact, hematoma can be detected, which arises from damage to the blood vessels;
• A person experiences difficulty in moving a damaged leg. Active movements are practically impossible, and passive motor activity is sharply painful;
• Often there is a feeling of numbness of the leg, this is due to damage to the nerve endings;
• If there are damages to large blood vessels, then a ripple below the knee disappears.

Diagnosis of injury

Diagnosis should be carried out in the near future after the development of pathology, as this will help to avoid undesirable consequences. To make the correct diagnosis it is necessary to consult a specialist (trauma doctor).

A complex of diagnostic measures performed with suspicion of knee joint dislocation:

1. Interrogation of the patient. It is necessary to find out the circumstances in which the injury was received. And also ask about the complaints in detail;
2. Inspection. The physician visually assesses changes in the composite area;
3. X-ray examination. This diagnostic method is used for any damage. With his help, you can put an accurate diagnosis and identify the existing complications: fracture, ligament rupture.
4. Pulsometry - helps to identify damage to blood vessels. For the same purpose, arteriography (x-ray method using contrast medium) and dopplerography are performed;
5. You may need to consult a neurologist if you suspect a major nerve damage.

First aid

The victim, after receiving the injury, must be hospitalized. To do this, you can call an ambulance brigade or take it to the hospital yourself.

Prior to the arrival of physicians, the patient should be given first aid in case of dislocation of the knee joint:

• The victim should be laid;
• The injured lower limb must be immobilized. From improvised materials you can build a tire;
• You can not try to fix the dislocation yourself. Any impact in this situation can only exacerbate the condition and contribute to the development of severe complications;
• To reduce swelling and pain syndrome, as well as to avoid the development of hemarthrosis (accumulation of blood in the joint tissues), it is necessary to apply a cold compress to the damaged area. Most often, ice or other cold objects are used for this purpose. You can use anything in the freezer. But it should be remembered that a cold object must first be wrapped with a towel or other cloth, and then applied to the skin integuments;
• In the presence of severe unbearable pain, you can take a pill of anesthetic.

Treatment of knee dislocation

Treatment of dislocation of the knee joint is carried out in a hospital. Quite often, this trauma is accompanied by a state of shock.

Therefore, before the correction, adequate anesthesia is carried out, as well as intravenous drip anti-shock solutions: Polyglukin, Reopoliglyukin.

In parallel, they show the introduction of saline. These activities will help support the work of the heart muscle.

Treatment of dislocation of the knee joint includes several stages:

• Dislocation of the dislocation;
• Immobilization of the limb;
• Recovery.

The dislocation of the knee joint is corrected under general anesthesia.

If there is damage to the ligaments, nerves or blood vessels, then surgical intervention is indicated.

During the operation, the integrity of the ligamentous and articular apparatus is restored, and the nerve endings and large blood vessels are sewn together.

Depending on the severity of the injury, the operation may take several hours.

If the articular cavity accumulated blood, then the puncture of the joint is indicated. After resting on the limb, a soft or plaster bandage is applied to immobilize it.

The period of immobilization lasts up to, - 2 months, depending on the severity of the injury.

It is possible to move patients only after the doctor resolves and only with the help of crutches.

Treatment, which is carried out in a hospital:

• Anesthetic therapy - is aimed at reducing pain. For this purpose, analgesics are used according to the doctor's prescription;
• Anti-inflammatory therapy. To reduce inflammation in the joint area, anti-inflammatory non-steroid drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed;
• With an increase in body temperature, the use of antipyretic agents is indicated;
• Antibiotic therapy, special attention is given to it after the operation. This will avoid the development of secondary infection in the postoperative wound;
• In the postoperative period, the wound is treated and dressed;
• If the dislocation is uncomplicated, then in a few days (3 - 5) begin to conduct static physical therapy;
• Physiotherapy treatment: UHF.

Nutrition of the patient should be full and balanced, in the postoperative period, light food is preferred. Additionally, a course of vitamins can be prescribed.

At the end of the immobilization period, the patient needs to be restored.

Folk remedies

In the period of restoration, popular means are widely used. There are many recipes for broths and infusions, with the help of which make compresses and lotions. This is a local treatment, which is carried out directly in the area of ​​injury.

For the following recipes will need the products that are in every house. They are economical, accessible to any person and easy to perform:

• A common onion, which is widely used in cooking, can contribute to recovery. To do this, prepare onion gruel, that is, grate it on a fine grater. A little sugar is added to the resulting mass. With this tool it is necessary to make compresses, which leave for several hours (up to 6);
• The warming compress will come from hot cow's milk. Matter, soaked in milk, is applied to the diseased knee. Top of the overlay polyethylene (bag). Hold the compress until it has cooled down;
• Infusion of chopped garlic and apple cider vinegar. It is aged for 7 days, after which it is used to make lotions and compresses;
• From the bay leaf you can prepare the infusion, with which then the compress will be made.

Folk remedies have a mild warming, analgesic and blood circulation improving action.

Rehabilitation and recovery

The recovery period after this injury is quite long. Its duration depends on the severity of the dislocation of the knee joint. To rehabilitation proceed through, - 2 months after the adjustment of the dislocation, when the plaster bandage is removed.

Activities that include the recovery period:

• Physiotherapeutic treatment is aimed at improving blood supply and nutrition of tissues surrounding the damaged joint. This is very important, since the leg has been in immobilized condition for a long time and trophism of tissues has been disturbed;
• Therapeutic physical culture (LFK). All exercises are aimed at improving the motor activity of the lower limb. Long-term immobilization contributes to the deterioration of flexion and extension of the limb in the knee joint. Passive movements are first performed, and then pass to the active ones. The intensity of training should increase gradually. All exercises (flexion, extensor and rotational) are performed under the supervision of the instructor;
• Massage is performed only by a specialist. It promotes the improvement of metabolic processes and blood circulation in tissues. Shows stroking, rubbing and mild kneading;
• Full nutrition, rich in vitamins and trace elements;
• In some cases, the use of vitamin complexes is prescribed.

Complications and consequences

If the treatment was timely and correct, complications are extremely rare. While an untreated trauma often provokes the development of severe consequences, which include:

• Hemarthrosis. This condition develops with accumulation in the joint capsule of blood;
• Gonarthrosis. This is a chronic pathology that leads to weakening and destruction of the joint, in connection with which it loses its functions;
• Contracture of the joint, that is, a violation of its mobility. There is a limitation of flexion and extensor movements. In severe cases, a person is not able to bend a leg;
• Paralytic deformation of the foot. This complication occurs due to damage to the large nerves. In this case, the foot hangs lifelessly. It is either completely immobilized, or its movements are difficult. The gait changes greatly;
• Habitual dislocation. It develops in the event that the articular capsule has not been restored. This condition causes great discomfort and requires treatment.

Now you know what to do with a knee dislocation and how to treat an injury.

A source: https://1travmpunkt.com/vyvihi/nog/kolennogo-sustava.html

Knee joint dislocation treatment at home

The knee belongs to the large joints of the human skeleton. It takes on the burden of the whole body when walking and standing.

The knee is formed from the surfaces of the superior epiphysis of the tibia, the lower epiphysis of the femur and the patella.

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The latter is a small flat bone of round shape that is on the front surface of the knee.

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the task of the kneecap is to protect against external damage to the structure of the joint. In addition, the knee is responsible for the function of flexing the quadriceps muscle of the anterior surface of the thigh. Thus, the knee cap transfers the muscle strength of the thigh to the shin.

Dislocation of the knee joint - a traumatic effect on the organ, which causes a change in the position of the bones, but preserves their integrity. This breaks the structure of the ligaments. To treat such a trauma is necessary only under the supervision of a doctor.

Classification of dislocations

There are several types of damage:

• full dislocation involves the displacement of the knee joint forward or backward, accompanied by a divergence of the articular surfaces;
• with incomplete dislocation (subluxation), the divergent surfaces retain points of contact. The danger of injury is that the joint retains its mobility, and damage can easily be mistaken for a bruise. Therefore, victims often do not seek medical help, and the lack of competent treatment entails the development of complications;

• closed or open trauma, determined by the presence of damage to the skin;
• A complicated dislocation is accompanied by other joint injuries.

Based on the etiology of injury, the following types are classified:

• traumatic dislocation of the knee is obtained due to the mechanical action of external forces;
• the habitual dislocation of the knee joint is a consequence of the trauma, which consists in the repeated exit of the kneecap from the bed.

Chronic form of the disease takes because of illiterate or untimely treatment of the resulting injury. Strength of ligaments disrupted.

The disease most often becomes progressive: even a slight strain provokes loss bones from the patella, and conservative treatment and standard methods of rehabilitation have less and less Effect. In this case, resort to surgery.

• abnormalities in fetal development, birth trauma is the cause of congenital dislocation. The disease develops against the background of joint dysplasia. Pathology is detected using special tests. The same trauma can be diagnosed only at a time when the child begins to try to walk. Defect is usually eliminated at an early age by surgery. Conservative methods of treatment do not exist;
• if the joint develops degenerative processes, it can lead to the appearance of a pathological dislocation.

Symptoms of dislocation

Dislocation of the patella causes the following symptoms:

• acute pain, which is worse when you try to move your foot;
• the appearance of an edema around the injured joint;
• the knee loses some of the functions;
• the configuration of the joint changes visually "
• the injured joint loses its sensitivity.

In cases where displaced bones compress the vessels, the sensitivity may disappear in the foot. The limb turns pale and becomes cold.

First aid

• Ensuring complete rest for the injured limb.
• It is necessary to immobilize the joint with the help of a tire until the victim is provided with qualified assistance.
• To the place of damage, ice should be applied.
• To prevent swelling, the leg should be raised by placing a roller under it.
• The sufferer can take any anesthetic.

Treatment of dislocation

In the medical institution, the trauma doctor clarifies the diagnosis.

Based on what symptoms are revealed in the victim, further diagnostic methods are selected: the integrity of the bones is confirmed X-ray examination, with the help of dopplerography, the state of blood vessels is examined to check blood circulation in the damaged limb pulsometry is used.

In the case when the diagnosis revealed a rupture of tendons, damage to ligaments, a dislocation of the knee is treated surgically.

Most often, an arthroscopic operation is performed. If the examinations did not show concomitant damage, conservative treatment is performed.

The trauma doctor corrects the joint under local anesthesia.

Intra-articular puncture is performed with the development of hemarthrosis (blood in the cavity of the kneecap). Similarly, drugs are introduced to exclude the risk of infection.

In addition, the appointment of medication painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs.

In the period of immobilization, it is impossible to rely on a sick leg, you need to use crutches for walking, and lying down to keep the sick limb above the body level. The immobilization period continues until the damaged ligament apparatus is restored.

Further treatment is aimed at restoring the functions of the injured knee and is performed by an orthopedic physician.

Rehabilitation after dislocation of the joint

The rehabilitation course includes curative gymnastics, massage, physiotherapy, the use of special bandages or orthoses.

Medical massage is prescribed to restore blood circulation and improve the outflow of lymph in the damaged area. The same procedure is used as for stretching ligaments. During the first sessions, massage part of the leg above the injured joint, i.e., the front side of the thigh.

The procedure lasts no more than 5 minutes. Further increase the duration of sessions to 15-20 minutes and go on to massaging the knee. The injured leg should be placed on the pillow and bent at the knee. Actions of the masseur should not cause painful sensations.

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Physical rehabilitation of the injured knee goes through three stages: immobilization, functional, training.

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the task of the first period is to prevent muscle atrophy, the appearance of stiffness.

Therapeutic gymnastics begins in the first days after the injury. The patient performs breathing exercises, isometric muscle tension.

A full rehabilitation requires several approaches a day.

After removing the latch, the functional period begins. Anatomically damaged joint was restored, but its work is not yet established. The task of the rehabilitologist at this stage is to restore the functioning of the injured limb.

Errors in the selection of a set of exercises can be detrimental to the condition of the damaged joint. The disease can develop into a habitual dislocation, the treatment of which involves surgical intervention.

Physiotherapeutic manipulations in the functional period are assigned individually. Preferably, the massage session is preceded by a warming procedure: ozocerite or paraffin compress.

At the training stage, the final restoration of the knee joint functions takes place. The patient adapts to the old production and household loads.

Physical training takes the form of training. Experts recommend that you walk as much as possible during this period.

The complex of exercises of physical exercise should be performed for at least 4 months.

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For the entire period of recovery, it is necessary to abandon the activity, implying excessive loading of the joint.

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In case the load is unavoidable, the damaged segment should be protected with elastic bandage or orthosis.

At the end of the work day, it is recommended to massage the knee and then apply a heparin ointment.

When the knee is dislocated, treatment at home is only indicated after the immobilization period. To restore the functional state is significantly helped by folk remedies:

1. It is useful to put on the knee gauze compresses, soaked in heated milk. Place the dislocation wrapped, do not remove the bandage until it cools.
2. Onions, ground to a mushy state, mixed with sugar. The received weight to impose on a problem joint, to keep not less than 6 hours.
3. Compresses with gruel from leaves of Artemisia are useful, they are capable to reduce painful sensations.
4. Apple vinegar mixed with grated garlic on a small grater, let the agent to infuse for about a week. The resulting potion is rubbed into the diseased joint.
5. Decoction of flowers cornflower twisted relieves pain in ligaments. You need to take half a cup three times a day.
6. 200 grams of arnica flowers pour a glass of alcohol. Tincture is used for rubbing the diseased knee.
7. 1/2 teaspoon propolis add to the bottle of vodka. Tincture is drunk on a tablespoon three times a day before meals. The course of treatment lasts 1 month.

It is necessary to understand that the pain in the injured knee can last for months, and even years. Recipes of traditional medicine help to cope with unpleasant sensations in the limb.

An important factor in restorative therapy is the diet of the patient. The human body uses an increased number of different trace elements to restore the damaged organ, the balance of nutrients needs to be restored with food.

During the rehabilitation period, it is recommended to include in the diet foods rich in calcium (dairy products, vegetables, fruits). The state of the ligamentous apparatus is beneficially affected by jelly-like dishes (chilli, jellied, fruit jelly).

How to forget about pain in the joints ...

Joint pain limits your movements and full life ...

• You are worried about discomfort, crunch and systematic pain ...
• Perhaps you've tried a bunch of folk methods and medicines, creams and ointments ...
• But judging by the fact that you read these lines - not much they helped you ...

A source: https://TravmaOff.ru/vyvih/kolennogo-sustava.html

Knee joint dislocation: treatment, symptoms and first aid

The dislocation of the knee joint is a trauma characterized by the displacement and reception of the position of the articular surfaces of the joint, but the anatomical structure of the bones remains unchanged.

Dislocation of the knee joint is rare (in the clinic, on average, up to 3% of all dislocations): the joint is protected by a number of strong ligaments and tendons.

Nevertheless, the dislocation of the knee is often found in people professionally involved in sports.

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Structure

The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the human body.

The anatomy of the knee is not simple, since he has to not only withstand the weight of his master, but also allow him to perform various movements: from simple dance to various acrobatic poses.

This joint, if it is classified anatomically, is complex, complex, condylar and biaxial. The structure of the articulation includes the following bones:

1. Superficial part of the tibia;
2. Femoral processes;
3. Knee cap.

The articular surface is covered with hyaline cartilage, which protects part of the bone. Such a fiber reduces the friction of the joint surfaces that are connected to each other.

The average thickness of the fiber is 4 mm in men, in women less than 3 mm.

Similar cartilages lie on other bones, but their structure and function are less expressed there.

The knee joint surprises with the variety of articular ligaments that strengthen the articulation.

The tibia and femur are attached to each other by means of cruciate ligaments (posterior and anterior), which are intraarticular, that is, directly inside the articulation. The following joints are located around the joint itself:

• Slanting arcuate ligament;
• Collateral small and large;
• Lateral and medial ligament of patella.

In the upper part of the tibia there are fibrous layers, in medicine called menisci. The knee joint has two layers, medial and lateral. Their function is aimed at redistribution of vertical stress on the surface of bones.

In addition, they contribute to the depreciation of bone tissue: the meniscus is more elastic than the cartilage.

Among their functions also include the stabilization of joint surfaces, the limitation of mobility.

In the meniscus there are proprioceptors that perceive and send information to the higher nervous centers about the location of the joint in space.

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In a child, the interlayers of cartilage are filled with a large number of blood vessels carrying blood, which over the years are attached to the outer cartilage.

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The predominant part of the meniscus system receives nutrients coming from the synovial fluid, the rest is directly from the bloodstream.

The articular surface tightly surrounds the articular sac (bursa), which grows directly to the bone.

Inside the bursa, the pressure is negative, which allows the bone to be kept in a closed position.

Kinds

The dislocation of the knee joint can be both congenital and acquired. Congenital dislocation of the knee joint is formed against a background of underdevelopment of the bone apparatus of the embryo.

Also, the causes may be aplasia or hyperplasia of the tibia. The second type is acquired due to a traumatic event, where the traumatic force was directed to the knee joint.

The second type of knee dislocation is classified as follows:

1. The tibia is displaced relative to the femur bone;
2. The patellar is displaced relatively to the large tibia and femur.

At the first variant there is a deep damage of a joint. This species is least common and is the result of a rough physical impact on the knee joint.

Most often this dislocation is accompanied by complications in the area of ​​the capsule of the joint and its vessels, the ligaments and tendons rupture, nerve fibers are damaged.

The second option is a less complex injury that occurs as a result of falling or hitting the joint. In addition to this distribution of dislocations, there is a classification of dislocations of the tibia in the knee joint, namely:

• Anterior dislocation of the tibia. Such a trauma occurs often, and the reason is a super-strong over-bending of the knee or a straightforward force acting on the lower third of the thigh. Such a dislocation entails the rupture of cruciate ligaments and certain parts of the articular bursa;
• External dislocation of the knee. This pathology occurs with the action of forced pressure or a coarse push along the lower part of the hip from behind. This dislocation is also accompanied by damage to the cruciform and lateral ligaments. Sometimes there is a rupture of the ligament of the patella in the place of attachment;
• Internal and external dislocation of the tibia. This kind of damage is extremely rare. It leads to the rupture of lateral and medial ligaments. In addition, the patella moves in the direction opposite to the traumatic force.

Dislocation of the meniscus is most often found in the field of sports. Typically, the cause of damage to the meniscus system is the pathological rotation of the half-bent shank during exercise (running, skiing, skating, football). Less often the meniscus emerges from its anatomical position due to a fall or stroke.

First aid: what to do

Help for a knee dislocation should be provided immediately after the injury. The outcome and recovery of the victim largely depends on the timeliness of first aid. The process of treatment consists of several stages:

1. Give the victim physical and psychological peace. Every way to prohibit the victim various movements of the foot, otherwise the injury is more serious and deeper;
2. Immobilization of the knee joint. By means of a special type of tire or special orthopedic devices, the immobilized area should be immobilized as much as possible;
3. Local manipulations in the form of application of cold to the damaged place. This action will prevent the swelling and pain sensation. The effect of low temperatures reflexively narrows the blood vessels and, consequently, reduces the likelihood of subsequent hemorrhages;
4. Pressing bandage. Such an exercise allows you to fix the joint again to prevent edemas and pain syndrome. For this, elastic bandage or a specialized knee bandage is best;
5. Anesthesia. Intense pain creates discomfort to the victim. Before the ambulance arrives, the victim should drink up to two tablets of analgesic (analgin, baralgin);
6. Position of the leg. It is important to know that the injured part of the limb must be kept in elevation. To do this, put the roller under the foot.

Symptoms

The injured person who has a dislocation can observe the following signs and symptoms:

• Accepted position, in which the victim will feel the lowest intensity of pain;
• Severe pain syndrome in the affected area;
• Sometimes at the moment of injury, others can hear a specific click. This sound indicates the rupture of ligaments and tendons of the joint;
• Defective position of the knee joint. Its relief and shape also change;
• Subcutaneous discharge of blood, periarthritis;
• Loss of limb function: the victim can not perform active movement in the joint;
• With complicated dislocations, damage to surrounding vessels is possible, therefore, the pulse below the knee is lost. The joint acquires a bluish hue, the limbs grow numb and cool;
• If the nerve endings are damaged, the victim can feel qualitative changes in the sensitive sphere (goose bumps, loss of pain).

Treatment

Treatment should be carried out in a hospital with the help of qualified specialists in the field of traumatology. The main method of therapy is the correction of the damaged joint.

The aim of the method is to return the elements of the joint to its anatomically correct position.

In addition to actually restoring the bones, doctors pay attention to the accompanying symptoms, such as swelling or hemorrhage.

In this case, doctors provide specific assistance (application of bandages).

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To eliminate subcutaneous bruising, specialists perform a local puncture, apply cold compresses on the dislocated leg in the knee area.

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In the subsequent, a gypsum lingeta or other suitable immobilizers is applied to the patient's leg.

Operation

Operative interventions are not the usual methods in the treatment of dislocation of the knee joint.

This path is chosen in the case when there is a complete rupture of tendons or ligaments.

In addition to such conditions, the surgical method is suitable when conservative methods are ineffective. Such operations are performed with the help of arthroscopes.

At home

In conditions when professional medical care is not available, one should turn to home treatment methods.

At first, the joint should be left alone, then when the victim's condition returns to normal, it is worth giving crutches.

In the future it is forbidden to engage in provocative sports.

Rehabilitation and recovery

Restorative measures include massage sessions, imastik, FC, physiotherapy, the use of fortifying agents and rational nutrition.

If the knee is not bent, then this is normal: the ligaments and muscles that have been under the gypsum for a long time are weakened. For this purpose, a set of exercises, which includes exercises for extension-flexion, tilting and lifting on socks.

Such actions are carried out until a hardly noticeable sensation of pain appears.

It is important to use a cream containing natural elements of the joint - collagen and its suitable.

Help to remove swelling and warm baths with plants such as mint, juniper or fir.

Effects

Non-diagnosed dislocation of the knee joint can be complicated by a variety of pathologies, among which:

1. Hematomas - blood clots in a limited area of ​​soft tissues;
2. Hemarthrosis - a cluster of blood clots in the cavity of the knee joint;
3. Chronic deformation of the foot. This leads to permanent lameness;
4. Gonarthrosis is a disease manifested by the destruction of periarticular tissues (menisci, capsule, bone or ligament).

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