Hyperopia: how to restore vision

Hyperopia is one of the most common vision problems.If, while reading a book, you, without hesitation, move it away from your eyes, arguing that it is "so best seen then you can suspect your own hyperopia.About why farsightedness develops, as it manifests itself, we'll talk in detail below.Also we will tell you how effectively this eye disease is treated.

What it is

Hyperopia or hypermetropia is a visual defect in which the image is focused not on the retina, but behind it. As a result, people see things as fuzzy.

Hypermetropia is characterized by a shortened ocular axis or a weak refractive force of the cornea.

Often, hyperopic people do not complain about any problems with vision, because they have a good accommodation.

• If farsightedness has a weak degree (up to +2 diopters), the person sees well both close and far, but at the same time he complains of headaches with severe eye strain or fatigue.
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• If the long-sightedness has an average degree (up to +5 diopters), then far a person sees well, and close - bad.
• If farsightedness has a high degree (greater than +5 diopters), then both near and far vision are poor, since the eye can no longer normally focus the images.

Hypermetropia can be detected in a diagnostic examination, when the pupils are dilated with the help of drops, while the lens relaxes, and it becomes possible to observe the true refraction.

Causes

The reasons for the development of hyperopia are two:

1. It can occur with a shortened eyeball.In this case, hyperopia is inherited.
2. Hypermetropia develops because the optical system of the eyes has insufficient refractive power.

Sometimes these two reasons can be present simultaneously and give a push for the progression of hyperopia.

Experts say that high intraocular pressure is another cause of the appearance of hypermetropia. Therefore, you need to monitor your intraocular pressure, and, if necessary, use drops that help reduce it.

Symptoms

At the initial stage, the symptoms of hyperopia manifest themselves so that it is difficult to determine it.So in children there is fatigue, decrease in working capacity, deterioration of a dream, absence of concentration. Therefore, if such signs appear in the child, parents should take him to the ophthalmologist for a thorough examination.

Hypermetropia in the early stages is not detected with a simple vision test.

In adulthood, hyperopia manifests itself in the fact that the eyes quickly get tired when reading on a close distance, the letters lose outlines, so the person begins to move away from himself the source of the text for better vision.

The main symptoms of hypermetropia:

1. Near and far vision is reduced;
2. Often there are inflammation in the eyes;
3. The eyes get very tired and tense when reading and working;
4. Children have strabismus and "lazy" eyes (visually the eye looks healthy, but vision is reduced and not corrected either by glasses or lenses).

Diagnostics

There are several methods for diagnosing hypermetropia.

1. Visometry.The method is based on the determination of visual acuity without correction and selection of spectacle correction for establishing maximum visual acuity. People with a high degree of farsightedness often suffer from suffocation, which is especially manifested by heavy eye strain. If a person does not use glasses or lenses to correct hypermetropia of high or medium degree, then the probability of developing amblyopia increases.
2. Tonometry.The intraocular pressure is measured.
3. Ophthalmometry.The size and parameters of the eyes are determined.
4. Autorefractometry.The method is necessary to determine the refractive force, curvature of the cornea and objective refraction. For this, cycloplegic drugs (Tropicamide) can be used that make it possible to determine the general degree of farsightedness and even its latent form.
5. Biomicroscopy.This method consists in conducting a very accurate study of the state of the structure of the eyeballs.

To diagnose pathological hyperopia, other methods can be used.

Treatment

The main methods of treatment of hypermetropia include:

• Laser correction;
• Lensectomy;
• Implantation of phakic lenses;
• Keratoplasty;
• Radial keratotomy.

The most effective method of treating hyperopia is laser correction of vision.Vision is improved as a result of laser exposure to corneal layers, while the cornea changes its shape to a natural one.The operation lasts up to fifteen minutes, while the laser acts on the cornea for thirty to forty minutes. Laser correction is carried out for people from eighteen to forty-five years, taking into account the state of health, profession.

Lensectomy or refractive lens replacement is prescribed for the treatment of high-grade hypermetropia.The method consists in the fact that the lens is removed, and the intraocular lens is placed in its place.Replacement of the lens is performed to treat age-related farsightedness. The operation lasts for twenty minutes. There is no need for a long stay in the hospital, the seams are not superimposed.

Implantation of phakic lenses is used when the natural accommodation of vision is preserved. The lens is not removed, and the lens is placed behind the iris on the posterior or anterior chamber of the eye. The operation is done through a microcut, the seams do not overlap.

Keratoplasty is aimed at changing the shape of the cornea.For this, a donor cornea is used, which is transplanted to the front layers of the cornea. After that, they give her the necessary form.

Using radial keratotomy, you can cure the farsightedness of not more than three or four diopters. For this, cuts are made on the periphery of the cornea.They coalesce and change the optical power of the cornea, so the vision improves. Unfortunately, this method has several drawbacks: recovery takes a long time, the risk of complications with physical exertion increases.So now this method was abandoned.

To correct the farsightedness glasses or contact lenses can be used.

Glasses are the main way to correct farsightedness (especially in children).But it should be remembered that the glasses will not give a 100% improvement in sight. They narrow the lateral vision and disrupt the perception of space. If the glasses are picked up incorrectly, they can cause permanent eye fatigue, and the disease will progress.

Contact lenses are most often prescribed for the correction of hypermetropia with concomitant amblyopia.Lack of use of lenses - frequent allergic reactions.

Complications

As a result of progressive farsightedness, complications arise such as:

1. Strabismus.Usually it is manifested in children. To prevent the occurrence of this complication, prescribe glasses.
2. Eye strain.The stress arises from constant attempts to focus the vision on an object. Because of this, the eyes overwork, there are constant headaches.
3. Inflammation, conjunctivitis.
4. The "lazy" eye.The eye seems healthy, but in fact, his vision is reduced, and it can not be corrected by glasses or lenses.
5. Glaucoma.Farsightedness, progressing, leads to the fact that the intraocular fluid ceases to flow normally and accumulates. As a result, glaucoma develops, which can lead to a complete loss of vision.

Prevention

To prevent the development of hyperopia, several simple rules must be followed:

• Daily gymnastics for the eyes.It should be conducted every thirty minutes during reading or loads.
• Observance of the regime of visual and physical activity.It is in alternation of visual tension with active rest time.
• Lighting.It should combine the use of a ceiling light and a table lamp.

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conclusions

As you can see, hyperopia (hypermetropia) is a very serious problem with vision. But observing preventive measures, it is possible to maintain eye health. And in case you have discovered hyperopia, do not worry, see a doctor and follow all his recommendations, when you can fully restore your eyesight. Remember that this disease can be defeated with the help of modern methods of treatment