Test for color blindness: how to apply at home?

Everyone knows that some people suffer color blindness, in which a person does not distinguish between certain colors or shades. In everyday life this does not play a special role, but when choosing a profession it is important. For example, for drivers of vehicles, train drivers, seamen, some medical workers, etc. After all, these specialties assume work related to color. Not all people know that they have signs of color blindness, that's why specialists have developed unique tests to test people's perception of color shades.

Definition and types of color blindness

Color blindness occurs due to the absence of a specific pigment on the cells of the retina.These cells, called cones, allow you to recognize a particular color and are located in the center of the visual organ.

If any pigment is not developed enough or it is not enough, then color blindness is partial. With complete absence of pigment, the disease is absolute.

Causes

The reasons for color blindness are as follows:

• Genetic predisposition(transmitted through the X-chromosome, so men are more likely to develop this pathology);
• Absence of pigment in cones or disruption of their work;
• Presence of ophthalmic diseases;
• Injuries, eye tumors;
• Deviations in the nervous system;
• Age-related changes in vision;
• Cataract (opacity of the lens prevents light from passing normally through the eyes);
• Diabetic macular degeneration;
• Acceptance of certain medicines;
• Disturbances in the gene system (in women);
• Parkinson's disease(the nerve impulse is broken to the photoreceptor cells and the colors are detected);
• Stroke.

Types of violation of color perception

There are 3 types of violation of color perception:

• Type A: the perception of green or red is completely absent.
• Type B - a significant decrease in the perception of colors.
• Type C - a slight violation of color perception.

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Color blindness can affect both one eye and both eyes, but in this case it will be uneven.Sometimes color blindness can occur as a temporary phenomenon due to taking medication and is in this case a side effect.

Color blindness does not affect the visual acuity, so a person for a long time may not notice the symptoms of color blindness.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of color blindness:

• Violation of perception of red color;
• Violation of the perception of blue and yellow;
• Violation of the perception of green color;
• Simultaneous impairment of perception of red, blue and yellow colors;
• The sensitivity of the eyes to light (lacrimation, pain in the eyes);
• Blurring of contours, objects.

If color blindness is acquired during life, then it manifests itself in a gradual or sharp violation of the perception of colors. At the same time, it can progress.

Types of color blindness

According to one of the classifications of the disease, four types of color blindness are distinguished:

1. Dichromasia:characterized by the absence of red and green pigment, so the patient does not recognize these colors.
2. Trichromasia: different perception of all colors, but the main shades people see in a distorted form. They are red, green and blue.
3. Monochromasia: the patient sees everything only in blue.
4. Achromatopsia. Man does not distinguish color shades at all and sees the world in black and white.

The classification presented below is more common.

Protanopia

This variety of color blindness implies the impossibility of perceiving red color.This pathology is a partial form of blindness and, as a rule, is congenital.In the case of this type of color blindness, the patient in photoreceptor cones lacks the erythrolab pigment, which has the maximum sensitivity in the red-yellow part of the spectrum. A person with protanopia perceives the yellow-green color as orange, and the blue one - as purple. At the same time, he can distinguish between blue and green, and green from red.

So see protanotopes

Deeranopia

With this violation, a person is not capable of perceiving a green color.Pathology occurs when in the cones there is no chloroblag pigment, which has the maximum sensitivity in the green-yellow spectrum.In this case, the person will perceive the green color as blue, and purple - as yellow-green. However, a person can distinguish violet or red from green.

Tritanopia

This is a violation of the perception of colors and shades in blue-yellow and red-violet spectra.In this case, there is no cyanolab pigment in the receptor cells, which has the maximum sensitivity in the blue-violet spectrum.People with tritanopia perceive yellow as blue, and purple as red. At the same time, he can distinguish between purple and green.

Tritanopia may not have twilight vision.

Tests for the definition of color blindness

A person with a suspicion of color blindness, first of all, is checked using instruments called anomaloscopes. Their principle is to achieve perceived equality of colors by means of metered mixtures of colors. When a person looks at the device, he sees the radiation of the light channels.The doctor sets a certain combination of shades and knows what color a healthy and sick patient should see.

Pseudo-isochromatic tables are pictures with letters, numbers or figures created from color circles of one tone, but of different hue and saturation.

The principle of determining color blindness is in the recognition of certain objects (geometric figures and figures) in pictures

Today, to pass the test for color blindness, it is not necessary to contact an ophthalmologist.In the network, you can find a lot of Internet resources, which are special tests for color blindness.

Independently you can do only preliminary testing. Only an ophthalmologist can establish an accurate diagnosis after a more thorough examination.

The test for color blindness is carried out using the basic tests, which are presented below:

• Test for color blindness according to the Stilling tableIt is 64 pages on which the color field and digital symbols are applied.
• The method of Holmgren is fundamentally different from the previous one.It is based on the use of coats of wool of various shades and saturation. A total of 133 units. They are presented from the most calm tone to the brightest. The test person must determine the level of saturation of each individual coil and arrange them as the juiciness of color increases.
• Diagnosis with the aid of the apparatus of Ebnea, Girinberg, Nagel's anomaloscope, and the Rabkin spectroanomaloscope.
• Modern medicine also uses testing on the principle of flickering lamps. Two-color plates with certain shades are inserted into the special device.
• The method of Justova is an analysis of the squares.
• Rubkin's test;
• Test of Ishihara.

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The most famous and popular test for color blindness is the polychromatic tables of Rabkin. The check allows you to assess not only the perception of color, but also the degree of pathology.

The test contains 48 units: 27 main plates and 21 auxiliary plates. Check for color perception is carried out in a relaxed mood.

If you decide to check the color perception online, be sure to adjust the average brightness on the computer. Place the tables at the level of view. If they are tilted, this will distort the accuracy of the readings. One table can be considered up to 5 seconds. On a sheet of paper, write down the answers and then compare them with the exact answer.

Video

conclusions

Color blindness is not life threatening, but in some cases makes life difficult. Hereditary color blindness, unfortunately, has not yet been treated. It can only be adjusted using special lenses or glasses. Drivers should also pass a test for chromatic sensitivity, because the proper perception of colors and colors depends on their professional suitability.

Acquired color blindness is mainly treated. If it is caused by eye trauma or disorders in the central nervous system, it can be cured by conservative or surgical methods.

A test for color perception is worth going through to everyone, in case of a violation, contact a doctor and resolve the problem in a timely manner.