Checking the vision of the color perception of drivers - one of the conditions of safety on the roads

People in certain occupations who take a job are tested for color perception. Special tests help identify this or that form of color blindness.Such an anomaly does not allow a person to work as a driver, machinist, sailor, pilot or a highly specialized doctor. When daltonism, the eye does not perceive some color shades, which interferes with the correct perception and fixation of traffic signals.

Definition and types of color blindness

Color blindness or color blindness is a feature of human vision, which is expressed in the inability to distinguish one or several colors.

This anomaly named John Dalton is named, which, based on his own sensations in 1794, described one of the types of color blindness.

In the vast majority of cases, color blindness is due to a genetic visual defect, and most often in men. This or that form of color blindness affects from 2 to 8% of men, and only,% of women. Acquired color blindness is the result of aging, trauma or taking certain medications.

In the central part of the retina of the human eye there are photosensitive receptors called cones. There are three in total, and each of them has its own type of color-sensitive pigment: red, green and blue.Normally, people in cones have all three pigments. Specialists call such people trichromate.In this category are more than 50% of the total population of the planet.

Protopop

About 8% of white men and,% of white women suffer from one of the forms of partial color blindness, most often congenital, called protanopia.

This deviation is characterized by the inability to distinguish some shades of yellow-green scale, as well as shades of purple-blue colors.

The protanope in the retinal cones lacks a photosensitive pigment - erythrolab, which has a maximum spectral sensitivity in the red-orange region of the spectrum.The green color is perceived by him in the same way as the orange one, and he can not distinguish the purple color from the blue one.In this protanop distinguishes blue from green and green from dark red. Today, doctors can not correct this defect.

Deenerap

Deuteranopia is a deviation from normal color perception, which occurs in about 1% of people.This form of partial color blindness is characterized by the inability to distinguish between certain colors and shades of blue-green scale, as well as shades of purple and yellow-green colors.

The deuteranope in the retinal cones lacks a photosensitive pigment - chlorolab, which has a maximum spectral sensitivity in the yellow-green region of the spectrum.

The patient perceives a light green color in the same way as a light blue, and purple can not be distinguished from a yellow-green one. At the same time, he distinguishes purple from green, and green from red.Deuteranopia is usually congenital, and to date, this defect is not corrected.

The test for determining color blindness

To identify one form of color blindness (color blindness) in modern ophthalmology, polychromatic tables of Rubkin are most often used.So, among people with color blindness, there are:

• protanopes (deviations in perception of the red spectrum of colors);
• deuteranopes (deviations in the perception of the green spectrum)

The rest of people - trichromate - perceives all shades of colors.

The most surprising thing is that some of us do not even suspect, for the time being, that they are suffering from a form of color blindness. That is whyEach driver (professional and amateur) needs to undergo a vision test for color blindness.

The following test is presented in the form of polychromatic tables of Rubkin and includes 27 color sheets with images. In the figures you can see colored dots and circles, which have the same brightness, but differ in color.To a person with color blindness (deuteranope and protanope), some tables will appear homogeneous, while trichromate will distinguish figures and figures on almost all these images.To pass the test and correctly identify your color perception, you must follow several recommendations:

• take the test with normal state of health;
• try to relax;
• set the pictures at the level of their eyes;
• take up to 10 seconds to view the picture.

	The figure shows figures 9 and 6, which can see absolutely everything: both people with normal color perception, and people suffering from color blindness. This picture is necessary for people to understand what to do when passing the test.
	It shows a triangle and a square, and all people can also see these figures. A picture is needed to identify the cases of simulation.
	This picture shows the figure 9. However protanopes and deuteranopes (deviations in the red and green parts of the spectrum) will see the number 5.
	People with normal color perception will see in this figure a triangle, while people with blindness in the red or green spectrum will see a circle.
	Here is the figure 13 (or 1 and 3). However, people who suffer from colorblindness will call the number 6.
	In this figure, people who do not suffer from color blindness will be able to distinguish two figures: a triangle and a circle. People with deviations in color perception will not find any figures here.
	Here is a figure 9, which can be seen as trichromate, as protanopes and deuteranopes.
	The figure 5, which is depicted in this figure, is easily seen by people without deviations in color perception. But people with color blindness in the green spectrum, this figure may not be seen or can be distinguished with great difficulty.
	In this figure, people with normal perception of colors, as well as deuteranopes, will see the number 9, while protanopes will be called 9 or 8, or 6.
	Here is the figure 136. However, people with partial blindness in the red or green spectrum will call the numbers 6, 68 or 69.
	In this figure, the figure of 14 can be seen as trichromate, and people suffering from different forms of color blindness.
	Figures 1 and 2 (12) are shown here. They will be seen by people with normal color perception, as well as deuteranopes. But people with partial blindness in the red spectrum will not see these figures.
	This figure shows a circle and a triangle. Both figures will be seen by people who are not color-blind. Only the triangle will notice the deuteranopes, only the circle will be seen protanopes.
	In this picture, people with a normal perception of colors will see the numbers 3 and 0 at the top, and nothing will be noticed at the bottom. Protanopes see at the top of the numbers 1 and 0, and below - the hidden number 6. Deiteranopes at the top will see the unit, and below - figure 6.
	Trichromates can distinguish at the top of the picture a circle and a triangle, in the lower part - they will not notice anything. Protanopes will see at the top two triangles, and below - a square. Deeneranopes distinguish one triangle at the top and a square at the bottom of the picture.
	In this figure, people with normal color perception will see the number 96 (9 and 6). But people with blindness in the red spectrum will notice only one figure - 9, while deuteromants will notice only the figure 6.
	People who do not suffer from color blindness will see here two figures: a circle and a triangle. Protanopes notice only a triangle, and deuteranopes only a circle.
	In this picture, trichromates will see multi-colored vertical and one-color horizontal rows. For protanopes, all horizontal rows, as well as 7 vertical rows, will look like monochrome. Deiteranopes will see multi-colored horizontal rows, and single-color vertical rows, 8.
	Here, people with a normal perception of color will see two numbers: 2 and 5. People with color blindness in the red or green spectrum will notice only the number 5.
	In this figure, the trichromates will be seen by two figures: a circle and a triangle. Protanopes and deuteranopes will not notice a single figure.
	Here, trichromates and protanopes will see two numbers: 9 and 6. But deuteranopy will be able to distinguish only the number 6.
	In this picture, everyone will be able to notice the number 5, but for people with manifestations of color blindness it will be difficult.
	Here, trichromates can notice monochrome vertical and multicolored horizontal rows. People with partial color blindness will see everything on the contrary: single-color horizontal and multicolored vertical rows.
	In this picture you can see the number 2 if you correctly perceive all the colors. Those who suffer from color blindness will not notice this figure.
	This picture shows the figure 2. But people with different forms of manifestation of color blindness will not notice it.
	People with the usual color perception will see in this figure a square and a triangle. People with the features of color blindness of these figures will not see here.
	Trichromats will see in this figure a triangle, and people with manifestations of color blindness will notice the circle.

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If you answer incorrectly, do not panic. Remember that perception still depends on such factors as:

• room illumination;
• matrix and color of the monitor;
• emotional attitude.

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If you find any abnormalities during the test, appear to a specialist who correctly diagnoses the form and degree of color blindness.

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Fashion glasses for sight.

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Checking the vision for color blindness: video

conclusions

So, color blindness is a lack of perception of this or that color spectrum, which must be revealed with the help of the presented test, as well as specialists.This visual impairment imposes restrictions on certain areas of activity, including those related to the management of the car.In case of detection of one of the forms of color blindness, remember: it's better not to drive the car so as not to bring trouble on yourself or on other people.

Color perception is not treated, but can be corrected with the help of special lenses.Currently, the possibilities of treating color blindness are being actively studied with the help of genetic engineering, so that, Probably, in the future, ways will be found for correcting defects in the perception of any other color spectra.