Bronchitis symptoms in children 2 years old

Bronchitis in children: acute, obstructive bronchitis, symptoms, treatment

Bronchitis in children most often occurs in the form of complications against the background of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza or a severe cold, hypothermia. The provoking factors of bronchitis are seasonal sharp temperature changes, especially periods of rain with high humidity, so this disease usually occurs in the fall or spring.

In form, all bronchitis in children are divided into: Acute, Prolonged and Recurrent.

For reasons of occurrence, depends on the pathogen of inflammation and is divided into:

• Viral - influenza, adenoviruses, parainfluenza
• Bacterial - can be acute and obstructive (the causative agent is streptococcus, staphylococcus, moraxelly, hemophilic rod, as well as mycoplasma and chlamydia)
• Allergic, obstructive, asthmatic - arises from irritating chemical or physical factors, such as household chemicals, home dust (read about the symptoms of allergy to dust), animal hair, pollen of plants, etc.

Bronchitis in a child up to a year - symptoms and treatment

Children who are breastfed and who do not have contact with sick children and adults should not have any respiratory illnesses. However, if the child was born prematurely, has congenital malformations of the respiratory organs and other diseases, and also in the family there is children of preschool age who attend kindergartens and are often ill - the development of bronchitis in a child up to a year is possible for the following reasons:

• narrower than the adult, bronchi, a more dry and vulnerable mucosa of the respiratory tract
• existing congenital malformations
• after a viral or bacterial infection
• the presence of individual sensitivity to chemical and physical stimuli - an allergy to anything.

The most basic symptoms of developing bronchitis are a severe dry cough, paroxysmal, accompanied by difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. Gradually, the cough becomes moist, but mucus, sputum during bronchitis in a child up to a year makes it difficult breathing, the normal functioning of the lungs is disrupted, since the airways in infancy are narrow. Bronchitis in children up to a year and even up to 3-4 years is most often the following:

• Acute bronchitis simple
• Obstructive bronchitis
• Bronchiolitis

On acute and obstructive bronchitis, we will dwell in more detail below. And now consider the most common in children under one year oldbronchiolitis.

Bronchitis in children under one year of age - bronchiolitis

This bronchitis affects both small bronchi and bronchioles, develops more often against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza viruses with the subsequent reproduction of pneumococci (and so on. streptococci). In case of inhalation of icy air or sharp concentrations of various gases, bronchiolitis can develop as an independent disease. The danger of such bronchitis is a pronounced bronchoobstructive syndrome with the development of sometimes even acute respiratory failure:

• Characteristic of dry cough attacks, pronounced dyspnea of ​​a mixed or expiratory form with syndromes of swelling of the wings of the nose, with the participation of ancillary muscles, retraction of intercostal spaces of the chest, pallor of the skin, cyanosis.
• The child has dry mouth, no tears when crying.
• The child eats less and drinks than usual, respectively, and his urination is more rare.
• Increased body temperature, but unlike pneumonia, it is less pronounced (see. whether it is necessary to bring down the temperature).
• Shortness of breath to 60-80 breaths per minute, while breathing is grunting, superficial.
• On both sides are heard diffuse wet ringing finely bubbling and crepitating rales.
• Symptoms of intoxication in bronchiolitis in children are not expressed.
• X-ray is determined by the sharp transparency of the lung tissue, the variegation of the pattern, the horizontal standing of the ribs, the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.
• If at first there was a simple bronchitis, the attachment of bronchiolitis after a while manifests a sharp deterioration general state of the child, cough becomes more painful and intense, with scant sputum.
• Children are usually very restless, moody, excited.
• The blood test can be slightly changed, a slight leukocytosis and an increase in ESR are possible.
• Usually bronchiolitis in children up to a year has a long course of up to 1-1.5 months.
• The causes of acute bronchiolitis in children are similar to the causes of development of obstructive bronchitis in children older than 2-4 years. The local immune system of the respiratory tract in children under 2 years is weak, protection against viruses is not enough, so they easily penetrate deep into bronchioles and small bronchi.

Treatment of bronchiolitis in children

At home, you can not cure bronchiolitis. When a bronchiolitis occurs, the infant is usually shown hospitalization, so that the child is under the supervision of doctors. In the hospital pediatricians, pulmonologists will establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. What should my mom do before the ambulance arrives?

You can only alleviate the symptoms of colds - create optimally comfortable air in the room, turn on the humidifier, air purifier.

If there is no high temperature in the child, you can ease breathing with warming creams and ointments, spread them legs, calves. Only with this you need to be cautious if the child has not had any allergic manifestations before, then it helps a lot if a child allergic, warming ointments should be excluded.

To cough softer, you can do steam inhalation-above a boiling pot with a weak saline solution, hold the baby in her arms. Or sit him down at the table and cover with a towel over a cup of hot medical solution.

Try to force the baby to drink more to avoid dehydration, if the child refuses the breast or mixture, give the child just pure water.

In the hospital to relieve the signs of respiratory failure, the baby is given inhalations with bronchodilators and allowed to breathe oxygen. Also at the doctor's discretion, an antibiotic is selected - Sumamed, Macroben, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. It is possible to use various drugs with interferon. Necessarily prescribe antihistamines for the removal of edema at the site of inflammation and a possible allergic reaction to treatment. If symptoms of dehydration are observed, then the necessary rehydration therapy is performed.

Acute bronchitis in children - symptoms

Bronchitis in children is the most common form of respiratory tract disease. Acute bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa without symptoms of inflammation of the lung tissue. Simple bronchitis in children is 20% self-contained bacterial disease, 80% - either in the program of viruses (virus Coxsackie, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza) or as a bacterial complication after these viral infections.

Clinical symptoms of bronchitis in children are as follows:

First, the child has general weakness, malaise, headache, lack of appetite, then there is a dry cough or cough with phlegm, the intensity of which is rapidly increasing, when listening to dry dry or diffuse wet rales are determined. Sometimes there may be a barking cough in a child whose treatment is slightly different.

In the first 2 days, the temperature rises to 38 ° C, but with a light form, the temperature can be 37-37.2.

After 6-7 days, the dry cough becomes wet, the sputum discharge facilitates the child's condition and is a good sign that the body is coping with the infection and the virus.

On average, the duration of acute bronchitis in children is 7-21 days, but the nature of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process depend on the child's age, the strength of his immune system, the presence of concomitant chronic and systemic diseases. In case of inadequate or untimely treatment, acute bronchitis can lead to addition - bronchiolitis, pneumonia.

Sometimes after the flu, for some time, the child's condition improves, and then a sharp deterioration, a rise in temperature, a rise in the cough - this is due to the weakening of the immune system in the fight against the virus and the attachment of a bacterial infection, in which case an antibiotic is indicated.

With mycoplasmal or adenoviral acute bronchitis in children, the symptoms of intoxication, such as high fever, headaches, chills, lack of appetite, can be about a week. Usually acute bronchitis is bilateral, however, with mycoplasma bronchitis it is most often one-sided, sometimes combined with conjunctivitis.

Acute bronchitis in children - treatment

Most often, the duration of acute bronchitis in children, whose treatment is correct and carried out on time, should not be more than 14 days, however, in infants, cough can persist for up to a month, as well as for older children with atypical-mycoplasma bronchitis. If suddenly the bronchitis in the child is delayed, it is necessary to exclude a number of diseases:

• aspiration of food
• pneumonia
• cystic fibrosis
• foreign body in bronchi
• tuberculosis infection

A pediatrician prescribes a full treatment package. In addition to implementing all the recommendations of the doctor, you should provide the child with special nutrition and quality care. It is desirable to create in the room the optimum humidity and purity, for this purpose it is convenient to use a humidifier and a cleaner air, often ventilate the room and conduct daily wet cleaning in the room in which the child is. And:

• Abundant drink

Ensure abundant reception of fluids in a warm form. To soften the cough, warm milk with butter or Borjomi mineral water helps, can be replaced with honey.

• Heat

With fever, the temperature just above 38C should take antipyretics - paracetamol in syrup.

• Antibiotics

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children, if recommended by a doctor, should be given strictly by the hour. If taking antibacterial drugs is necessary 3 times a day, this does not mean that you should drink from breakfast, lunch and dinner, which means, that their reception should be 24/3 = 8, every 8 hours, if 1 time per day, then give it only at the same time, for example at 9 o'clock in the morning. 11 rules - how to take antibiotics correctly.

• Cough medicine

With a dry cough, the child can be given antitussive medicines as prescribed by the doctor, and when it becomes wet to go on expectorants. With a dry cough, the means can be combined (Sinekod). If the cough is wet, then expectorants are shown - Mucaltin, Bromhexin, Gedelix, Alpine syrup, Thermopsis herb infusion or its dry extract, Bronchicum, Evcabal, Prospan, breastfeeds.

• Inhalation

Inhalation in bronchitis in children, the symptoms of which are very pronounced, are well helped by inhalation with the usual food soda, called over hot pots, inhalation of sodium bicarbonate using a nebulizer, inhaler.

• For babies

For small and infants who do not know how to clear themselves, doctors advise turning the child more often from one side to the other. In this case, sputum is shifted downward, irritating the bronchial wall, this leads to reflex cough.

• Distractions

For older children, cans, mustards, hot foot baths, they still help, and if the child has strong immunity, such procedures will help to avoid taking antibiotics. You can soar the baby's legs after 1 year, and also rub them with warming agents - turpentine ointments, Barsukor, Pulmaks baby, etc., but only in the case when there is no high temperature, after rubbing, you should warm your feet and wrap up your baby. However, in case of an allergic bronchitis in a child, neither the mustard nor the warming ointments can be used, since the composition of ointments and mustard can worsen the child's condition.

• Compresses

When bronchitis in children, the treatment is helped by compresses from warm oil. Warm sunflower oil to 40 ° C and moisten them with gauze folded several times. This compress should be imposed only on the right side and back of the baby, from above put a plastic bag and a layer of cotton wool, bandage the child around several times. Dress warm clothes, do this procedure for the night, if there is no temperature in the child.

• Folk remedies

Old folk way - radish juice with honey, cabbage juice, turnip juice - any of these juices should be given 1 teaspoon 4 times a day. You can give and cranberry juice, mixing it with honey in a ratio of 3/1, a tablespoon 3 times a day.

• Massage

The first week is well helped by chest massage, older children would be good at performing breathing exercises.

Physiotherapy with bronchitis

In children, these procedures are prescribed and conducted only at the physician's discretion, these are physiotherapy methods that promote the fastest recovery, since they have an anti-inflammatory effect, however, they can not be performed more than 2 times a year:

• Ultraviolet irradiation of the chest
• Mud, paraffin applications on the chest and between the shoulder blades
• Inductometry on the same areas
• Electrophoresis with calcium
• SOLLUX ON THE BREAST
• Aeronisation by the hydroionizer of the respiratory tract with solutions of chamomile, antibiotics.

Prevention of acute bronchitis in children:

Do not allow a prolonged runny nose in a child, timely treatment of any cold and infectious diseases will be the best preventative against penetration of the infection into the lower respiratory tract.

Walking in the fresh air in the park, playing at the cottage, physical exercise in nature, tempering, daily the intake of natural vitamins in fruits and vegetables, and not in tablets is the way to your child's health.

Obstructive bronchitis in children - symptoms

In young children, usually up to 3-4 years of acute bronchitis may be accompanied by an obstructive syndrome - this is an acute obstructive bronchitis. In children, the symptoms of such bronchitis begin more often after viral infections or allergic manifestations on the stimulus.

The main symptoms of obstructive bronchitis:

• Harsh, audible long breath with whistling
• Coughing with attacks, before vomiting, debilitating
• During inhalation, the intercostal spaces are drawn in and chest is swollen with breathing

When obstructive allergic bronchitis in children there is no temperature, it starts because of an allergic reaction to the strongest irritant for the child, and parents can often recall, that recently they bought something for the child - a feather pillow or a blanket made of wool of a camel or a sheep, houses were inhaled with paint from repair or went to visit, where there are cats.

In obstructive bronchitis in children, symptoms can begin on the 3rd-4th day of the flu or ARVI, and may also be caused by other bacteria, which is manifested in the appearance of expiratory dyspnea - an increase in the respiratory rate to 60 per minute, and there are also difficulties in inspiration.

The child begins wheezing, noisy breathing, especially a prolonged wheezing exhale, which is heard by persons near the baby. The thorax is as if swollen, that is, the ribs are horizontally arranged. Cough is dry, obtrusive, bouts, arises suddenly, it does not bring relief and intensifies at night.

If this disease develops not after ARI, then the temperature in the early days is not increased.
Headache, weakness and nausea, are very rare.

When listening there are dry wheezing in the lungs.

X-ray revealed increased transparency, increased pulmonary pattern, in the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.

The analysis of blood as a viral infection - lymphocytosis, leukopenia. accelerated ESR, if allergic bronchitis in a child, then eosinophilia.

Almost always obstructive bronchitis is associated with a virus or mycoplasmal infection, relapses of obstructive bronchitis in children most often spontaneously stop by 4 years.
If the bronchioles and small bronchi are affected, then this is an acute bronchiolitis.

Obstructive bronchitis in children differs from asthma attacks, in that obstruction develops slowly, and with asthma the child abruptly begins to suffocate. Although the first attacks of bronchial asthma in children also begin during ARVI. If the obstruction occurs several times a year, it is a signal that the child is at risk for developing bronchial asthma in the future.

Obstructive bronchitis in a child can be due to passive smoking, it can be distinguished by a strong cough with a whistle in the morning, while the child's condition is quite satisfactory. Obstruction with allergies occurs when contact with an allergen and recently it becomes a very frequent manifestation in children prone to allergies, these bronchitis are recurrent and are threatened by the development of bronchial asthma.

Allergic and obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment

Hospitalization

In obstructive bronchitis in children up to a year or 2 years, treatment should be performed in a hospital under the supervision of a pediatrician, in other cases at the discretion of the doctor and parents. Treatment is best done in a hospital if:

• In addition to obstruction in the child, the symptoms of intoxication are decreased appetite, fever, nausea, general weakness.
• Signs of respiratory failure. This is shortness of breath, when the frequency of breathing increases by 10% of the age norm, counting is better done at night, and not during games or crying. In children under 6 months, the respiration rate should not exceed 60 per minute, 6-12 months - 50 breaths, 1-5 years, 40 breaths. Acrocyanosis is a sign of respiratory failure, manifested by cyanotic nasolabial triangle, nails, that is, the body experiences oxygen deficiency.
• It is not uncommon for obstructive bronchitis in children to mask pneumonia, so if the doctor suspects pneumonia from hospitalization can not be denied.

Bronchodilators

Bronchiolithics extend the bronchi, so they are designed to relieve obstruction. To date, they are presented in various forms in the pharma industry:

• In the form of syrups (Salmeterol, Clenbuterol, Ascoril), which are convenient for young children, their disadvantage is the development of tremors and palpitations.
• In the form of solutions for inhalation (see. Berodual for inhalation) - this is the most convenient way for young children, diluting the drug solution fiz.rastvorom, inhalation 2-3 times a day, after the improvement, it is possible to use only at night. The multiplicity and dosage, as well as the course of treatment is determined only by the pediatrician.
• Inhalers-aerosols can be used only for older children (Berodual, Salbutamol).
• Such tableted forms of bronchodilators, like theophylline (Theopack, Euphyllin) are not indicated for the treatment of children with obstructive bronchitis, they have more pronounced side effects, are more toxic than local inhalation forms.

Spasmolytics

Can be used to reduce bronchial spasms. This is papaverine or Drotaverin, No-shpa. Their reception can be carried out with the help of an inhaler, orally in the form of tablets or intravenously in a hospital.

Means for coughing

To sputum better departed, various mucoregulatory drugs are used, they help dilute sputum and accelerate its excretion:

• These are preparations with active substance ambroksol (Lazolvan, Ambrobene). These drugs can not be taken for more than 10 days, it is most convenient to use them in the form of inhalations, as well as carbocisteine ​​preparations (Fluiditek, Bronhobos, Mukosol).
• After the cough became wet, the seizures became less intense, the sputum diluted, but it departs badly, ambroxol should be changed to expectorants means for coughing for children, which should be given no more than 5-10 days, including Gedelix, Bronchicum, Prospan, Bronhosan, Herbion (see p. herbion from dry and wet cough), Tussin, Bronchipret, breastfeeding , ,, .
• Codeine-containing drugs for children should not be taken if the child has a seizure-like compulsive cough, as directed the doctor can use Sinekod, Stoptusin Fito, Libexin (with caution in childhood), Bronhicum, Broncholitin.
• Erespal - promotes and removes obstruction, and reduces sputum production, and it also has anti-inflammatory activity, is applied from the first days of the disease, reduces the risk of complications, is contraindicated in children under 2 years old.

Draining massage

To facilitate the departure of sputum, parents can themselves do their child massage the collar zone, chest, back. Especially strong massage should be done for the muscles of the back along the spine. Useful for obstructive bronchitis in children postural massage - that is, efflorescence of the baby's back in the morning, it is necessary to suspend the child from the bed upside down (padding the pillow under his tummy) and tapping the palms folded in the boat for 10-15 minutes. For older children, with a massage, ask the child to take a deep breath, and on an exhalation, tap. Useful and additional exercises such as inflating balloons, blowing out candles.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are prescribed to children in the presence of allergic reactions. Such medicines for allergies like Eryus in syrup can be taken to children from 1 year, with the half a year it is possible to use Claritin and Zirtek, from 2 years in syrups and drops Cetrin, Zodak, Parlazin (cf. list of medicines for allergies). Such antihistamines of the 1st generation as Suprastin and Tavegil are used less often, only for drying with abundant liquid sputum.

Allergy or virus

If the obstruction is caused by an allergy or a virus - antibiotics can not be used, and even dangerous (see. antibiotics for colds and orgs). The appointment of antibiotics is possible only with the proven infectious origin of bronchitis in children.

When antibiotics are indicated

Treatment of bronchial obstruction with antibiotics is not indicated, only if the child has a fever over 4 days, or has occurred the second temperature jump to 39C after 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, is accompanied by severe intoxication, a strong cough, if with adequate the child suddenly becomes apathetic, sluggish, refuses to eat, has weakness, nausea, headaches and even vomiting. In such cases, the use of antibiotics is justified. They are prescribed only by a pediatrician on the basis of a clinical picture, the presence of purulent sputum (indicating bacterial bronchitis), inflammatory changes in the analysis of blood, as well as with other signs of bacterial bronchitis or pneumonia (wheezing, x-ray signs).

Antiviral drugs

Most doctors recommend that for ARVI and flu, take antiviral drugs, for babies, candles Genferon, Viferon, and also in the form of drops Gripferon, Interferon, take syrups by Orvire (remantadine), and after three years of age tableted forms such as Kagocel and Arbidol, Cytovir 3. But it is worth remembering that if in a family history (close relatives) there are any autoimmune diseases (Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diffuse toxic goiter, vitiligo, multiple sclerosis, pernicious anemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, uveitis, Addison's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, scleroderma), it is impossible to take immunostimulants (Kagocel, Tsitovir, Amiksin), it can cause a debut of an autoimmune disease in a child, perhaps not now, but later (see. more antiviral drugs for orvi).

Hormonal therapy

Hormonal drugs, such as Pulcicort, are indicated only in severe or moderate-onset obstructive bronchitis (usually with the help of a nebulizer), they quickly stop obstruction and inflammation, they are prescribed only by a doctor.

What not to do

When obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment by rubbing and smearing the body of the child with various warming ointments (ointment Dr. Mom, ointments with medicinal plants, essential oils), the use of mustard plasters is unacceptable, since they cause an even more allergic reaction and bronchospasm, especially in children under 3 years old. Also categorically it is impossible to carry out inhalations with bronchitis with various medicinal herbs and essential oils. It is only possible to use such folk remedies for warming up - heat compresses with potatoes, salt, buckwheat.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures in the acute period are contraindicated, when the obstruction is already stopped, it is possible to perform UHF, electrophoresis or laser.

Hypoallergenic diet and plentiful drink

Any natural drinks - mineral water with milk, tea, broth of a dogrose, it is necessary to drink to the child as often as possible. The diet should be hypoallergenic, but at the same time maximally vitaminized, high in protein and fat content. Exclude from the diet of the child anything that can cause an allergic reaction:

• citrus, red and orange fruit
• purchased spices, sweets, milk cheeses, yoghurts, carbonated drinks, sausages and sausages - everything that contains dyes, flavors, preservatives and flavor enhancers
• honey and other beekeeping products
• fish, grown on fish farms, broiler chickens, as they are stuffed with hormones and antibiotics, which causes allergies.

When caring for a child, you should daily aerate, moisten the room where the child is. It's hot in the apartment should not be, it's better to have a cool, fresh, clean air. After the recovery of the child should be put on a dispensary record with an allergist.

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Bronchitis in a child - 2 years

Bronchitis, developed in a child who is only 2 years old is not uncommon. Most often, the cause of this pathology is bacteria, such as streptococci and pneumococci. Rarely, it can be viruses and fungi that have entered the respiratory system due to contact with allergens or toxic substances.

What causes bronchitis in children?

As a rule, the triggering mechanism for the development of this disease is banal hypothermia. It is this factor that reduces the protective functions of the body. Often as a pathogen are those microorganisms that are inside the person.

How to determine the child's own bronchitis?

In order to timely learn about the development of the disease and rather begin treatment, each mother should know how to determine the bronchitis of her child and how it generally occurs in children.

A distinctive feature of this disease is the departure of phlegm. Cough can be observed and with such diseases as laryngitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis.

As a result of the development of the inflammatory process on the surface of the bronchial mucosa, there is an increase in sputum secretion. With its accumulation, overlapping airways at the level of individual bronchi occurs.

How will get rid of bronchitis?

Treatment of acute bronchitis in children is aimed at reducing sputum, and removing it from the body. To do this, mucolytic agents are prescribed. However, these drugs are not recommended for children under 2 years.

Many mothers, faced with bronchitis in a child, do not know what to do. With this disease, inhalations are often used, for which mineral water and physiological saline are used.

How to prevent the development of bronchitis in children?

The main component of preventing bronchitis in children is hardening. This process must be approached with responsibility. Timely detection and treatment of acute respiratory infections, also allows to prevent the development of bronchitis.

What are the effects of bronchitis?

Every parent should know what is dangerous for the child who has not been cured of bronchitis. Untimely initiation of therapy leads to the fact that the infection descends lower along the respiratory tract, which causes pneumonia.

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Symptoms and treatment of bronchitis in children

Treatment of bronchitis in children is a complex and lengthy process, which includes proper care for the baby: moisturizing respiratory tract, ensuring the influx of cool clean air, monitoring the pulse and respiration rate.

Bronchitis is one of the most common diseases in children. Medical terminology distinguishes children's bronchitis, which occurs in preschool and school age, as well as bronchiolitis, which is observed primarily in infants and children under 2 years. The treatment uses antipyretic, antitussive, mucolytic drugs.

Bronchitis in infants has a serious course, since even mild swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and a small amount of mucus can reduce the air supply and cause dyspnea. The baby breathes with obvious effort, and may have a rapid breathing. When the bronchial tubes become inflamed, an insufficient amount of oxygen enters the bloodstream.Therefore, the baby should be placed in a hospital where he will be provided with an additional flow of oxygen into the blood and will select suitable antibiotics for treatment.

Bronchitis: morbidity and cause

Bronchitis in both children and babies is a disease caused mainly by viruses. The main pathogens include viruses of the respiratory tract, influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses and rhinoviruses. Invasion of bacteria can occur after a viral infection. In connection with the pathogenesis, the seasonality of bronchitis is observed - most of the children are sick during the late autumn, winter and early spring.

The respiratory ways of children differ in their structure from those of adults not only in size but also in action, which causes changes during various diseases. Children's respiratory ways have a narrow lumen. This cause more quickly and more often leads to obstruction of the airways, that is, to a narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi causing dyspnoea and rales in breathing.

Bronchial mucosa in children has much more cells that secrete mucus in relation to the surface of the respiratory tract. In this regard, it is easier to close the lumen of the bronchi and difficulty breathing during infection. Also, the defensive system of cells of the respiratory tract, as well as the entire immune system of the baby, is not yet fully developed.

When it comes to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, for example, viruses, into the respiratory tract, changes occur - damage to the epithelial cells of the bronchi by viruses. The blood supply of the epithelium increases, and mucosal cells begin to produce excessively mucus in excess. There is swelling of the mucous and there is an excessive amount of secretion.

All these factors contribute to reducing the clearance of the bronchi. This is manifested by difficulty breathing, which the doctor can determine upon examination.

Inflammation becomes the cause of malfunction transport of mucus, which is one of the mechanisms for removing microbes from the respiratory tract, contamination and other irritating factors. Young children do not yet have an effective cough reflex, so evacuation of secretions is difficult, which further increases dyspnoea.

Symptoms of bronchitis in a child

Bronchitis in children is a disease that develops especially often in the initial period of life, at the age of about 4 years.

In the initial stage of the disease, when the amount of secretions of the inflammatory process is small, the symptoms of bronchitis are quite rare. When the infection is gaining strength, there are noises in the lungs and wheezing. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis begins suddenly and unexpectedly, but does not last long. After about a week, the disease goes to zero, the epithelium, the muscles of the bronchi are restored, but the cough may persist for a while - seizures are observed, as a rule, in the morning. Treatment for bronchitis in children with a chronic character takes quite a long time.

The inflammatory process, caused by viruses, covers not only the bronchi. As a rule, the disease occupies the upper respiratory tract. Initially, the cough is dry and painful. This cough is unproductive, because at this stage the bronchial mucosa is not damaged. It has not yet reached the hypersecretion of mucus by the cells of the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa. At this time, there may already be difficulty breathing and shortness of breath.

The next stage in the development of the inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tract becomes an increase in the secretion of the mucous membrane. Then the character of the cough changes, it becomes wet. Wet cough is less stressful than previously arisen dry. The appearance of a productive cough is a good sign, because it usually heralds the beginning of the recovery process. At this time, you should remember the correct hydration of the baby, because it helps to thin the secret, which simplifies its evacuation from the respiratory tract.

Useful in the treatment of bronchitis in children can be patting on the back. At the same time, no effort should be spared to ensure that the therapy is effective, but not painful and does not cause damage. You can apply a vibrating massage, which is performed using a special device or manually. It consists in performing rhythmic short-term strokes with your fingertips (pulsating movements). Such a massage facilitates the expectoration of mucus.

Symptoms of bronchiolitis in children

Bronchiolitis is a disease that occurs mainly in infants and children under 2 years of age. The peak incidence falls on a period of 2 months to a year of life. The disease has the same etiology as bronchitis in children. Symptoms of bronchiolitis:

• increased respiratory rate per minute;
• wheezing;
• increased physical activity of respiration.

In order to assess if the baby is breathing too quickly, one should know the norms of the number of breaths for a given age. For children under 3 months, up to 50 breaths per minute are considered normal, up to 6 months of age - up to 40 breaths per minute, and in older children - up to 30 breaths. An additional symptom that occurs with inflammation of the bronchi is fever.

The onset of the disease - inflammation of the bronchi in children - is an infection with a common cold. Then, fever and dry cough are added. The condition of the baby worsens and comes to shortness of breath, which manifests itself with whistles and symptoms of increased effort of breathing. Another symptom of the severity of the disease is cyanosis, which manifests itself in the form of a violet-blue coloration of the lips and tongue. It can appear when the toddler needs to make more effort, for example, during feeding.

Both diseases - bronchitis in children and bronchiolitis - require study, assessment of the severity of the doctor and the appointment of appropriate treatment.

Especially in the case of young children, when symptoms of airway obstruction, bronchial tubes can quickly manifest themselves, you should immediately seek medical help.

Treatment of bronchitis

In the treatment of such viral diseases of the respiratory tract, as bronchitis in the baby, the main role is played by therapy measures. How to treat bronchitis in a child? It should be remembered about the humidification of air in the room in which the patient lives. The baby should be isolated from the toxic effects of tobacco smoke and avoid contact with sick people. Do not subject it to sudden temperature changes. During treatment, aerosol therapy is used. It is necessary to give medicines for liquefaction of the secretion in the bronchi no later than 17.00, so that the discharge does not interfere with sleep. Do not give syrups with antitussive effect, as they prevent the removal of inflammatory secretions.

How to cure bronchitis in a child with antibiotics? Infants are treated with antibiotics, as most often the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection. The decision to use an antibiotic is taken by a doctor. Always give your child only the prescribed antibiotic in the prescribed dose. If it is known that the cause of bronchitis is a viral infection, then it is sometimes not necessary to treat antibiotics - depending on the general condition of the baby. When fever the child should receive an antipyretic agent in the form of a syrup. Remember to take a lot of fluid - breast milk (in the case of infants), water, compote or diluted juices. In young allergic patients with bronchial inflammation, respiratory tract narrowing occurs, and the child may have trouble breathing. This is the so-called obstructive bronchitis. The kid should receive medicines that dilate the bronchi.

In addition to the introduction of drugs, several proven methods can be used at home, which will facilitate the treatment of bronchitis in children:

• when putting the baby to bed, place his head higher than the rest of the body to facilitate breathing;
• use inhalation, moisturizing the respiratory tract, from time to time around the baby you can spray spray from sea water; if the cough is very stressful, close with the baby for about 5 minutes in the bathroom with steam, to hot water you can add a few drops of eucalyptus oil, a bag of sage or chamomile.

Children with weakened resistance to viruses, bacteria and chronic diseases are affected by complications after bronchial inflammation. The most common complications include pneumonia and pneumococcal lung infection.

Complications arising from chronic inflammation of the bronchi are hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart, emphysema, obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma.

respiratoria.ru

Bronchitis in a child

Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa or bronchitis, one of the most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Most common bronchitis in children from 3 to 8 years, the incidence rate at this age is associated with the features of the structure of the upper respiratory tract and not fully formed immunity.

In children, bronchitis usually occurs in an acute form and occurs against a background of viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, from where the infection enters in the bronchi, causes inflammation of the mucous membrane, irritates the mucosal receptors and provokes a severe dry cough and chest pain.

Treatment of acute bronchitis in children takes about 2 weeks and does not require hospitalization, but if the disease not treated, it can go into a chronic form and cause pneumonia or bronchial asthma.

Causes of the disease in children

1. Bronchitis in children in more than half the cases of all diseases, develops against the background of viral infections - the causative agent of the disease will fall in the upper respiratory tract, and from there it spreads lower, causing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory tract.
2. Bronchitis caused by a bacterial infection is much less common - bacteria enter the interior of the bronchial tree only together with some object, small children who like to drag in the mouth any objects or accidentally inhaled fine details of toys or dust particles, along with them enter into your body and bacteria that can provoke the development of bronchitis.
3. In a number of cases, viral bronchitis is complicated by the attachment of a bacterial infection.
4. Chronic or acute bronchitis can be caused by irritation of the bronchial mucosa by inhalation of chemical vapors substances or by mechanical irritation with particles of dust, sand or other substances falling into the bronchi during breathing.
5. Allergic reactions - frequent allergic reactions cause permanent inflammation of the mucosa and can lead to acute or chronic bronchitis and even to bronchial asthma in children.
6. Congenital malformations of the upper respiratory tract.
7. Not completely cured colds or viral infections can be complicated by the development of bronchitis, and often repeated acute bronchitis becomes a cause of chronic disease.
8. Glistovye invasions - with a massive infestation of the child's body with parasites, migrating worms can enter the lungs and stay there, their presence will cause constant irritation and an inflammatory reaction in the bronchi.

Acute simple bronchitis

Acute bronchitis in children develops a few days after a viral infection or hypothermia, the symptoms of the disease are similar to usual ORVI - the child coughs, complains of a pain in a goal, zalozhennost a nose, a headache and a pain in a breast at a tussis and breath.

Simple acute bronchitis usually proceeds fairly easily, body temperature does not rise above 37-38 degrees, the total the patient's condition remains satisfactory, and the main inconvenience is caused by a constant dry cough. With timely treatment and normal course of the disease, after a few days the cough becomes wet, the children normalize their general condition, but completely coughs after 10-14 days.

Chronical bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis in young children develops rarely, this diagnosis is considered proven in the presence of 2-3 exacerbations of the disease a year, for 2 years. Intermediate form between acute and chronic bronchitis, domestic pediatricians consider recurrent bronchitis. In contrast to chronic, with this form of the disease there are no irreversible changes in the bronchi and respiratory system in general and it is possible to completely cure the patient.

With this form of the disease, due to lack of appropriate treatment, weakening of immunity, adverse environmental effects, frequent viral infections and other predisposing factors, the course of acute bronchitis is delayed, the child can not fully recover and get rid of cough and other symptoms of bronchitis.

Chronic bronchitis in children up to 3 years often occurs against the background of the primary pathology of the lungs or the respiratory system - with malformations of the lungs and bronchi, with ciliary discenosis, chronic aspiration by food masses, cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency states, lung sclerosis, in premature infants who are connected to artificial ventilation and in other such cases.

Understand that the child developed chronic bronchitis easily, the symptoms of the disease do not differ from acute bronchitis, but cough continues for several weeks, the phlegm becomes purulent - white or green, with an unpleasant odor. With auscultation of the chest, constant noise and wheezing are heard. In young children, the symptoms of the disease are accompanied by shortness of breath and gradual deformation of the chest - it can acquire a barrel shape.

Modern methods of treatment of bronchitis

Treatment of acute bronchitis in children is carried out on an outpatient basis and only under the supervision of a pediatrician. A simple uncomplicated bronchitis is treated at home without requiring the use of antibiotics or intramuscular injection, but only a doctor can assess the condition of the patient and prescribe adequate treatment. Particular attention needs treatment of acute bronchitis in children under one year - they develop shortness of breath and respiratory distress very quickly, so doctors recommend hospitalization.

Treatment of children older than 3 years is not particularly difficult, simple acute bronchitis completely takes 2-3 weeks, with good care and compliance with medical recommendations.

1. Mode - bed and half-bed regime in the first days of illness - until the body temperature and general condition of the child normalize,
2. Diet - with bronchitis recommended digestible food, more dairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables. If the child does not have an appetite, do not insist on eating, he should eat as much as he wants, independently choosing food.
3. Abundant drink - to reduce body temperature, remove toxins from the body and to replenish the water balance in the body to the child you need a generous warm drink - milk, tea, compote, mors, broth of dogrose or cowberry, warm mineral water without gas.
4. Rinse throat - with viral infections, gargling helps reduce tonsillitis and remove pathogens from the body - gargle can be sodo-saline solution, infusion of chamomile, sage or collection of herbs.
5. Expectorants - to facilitate coughing with bronchitis apply mucolytics - licorice syrup, infusion of thermopsis, nitrosil, bromhexine, doctor mom, ambroben and others, they dilute sputum and facilitate its removal from the bronchi.
6. Inhalation is one of the most effective remedies for dry obtrusive cough, they soften and moisturize the respiratory tract, reduce irritation, soothe cough and act as an expectorant - for inhalation you can use special devices - nebulizers or just breathe hot steam over infusion of medicinal herbs or boiled potatoes.
7. Warming ointments and compresses - for pains in the chest, prolonged painful coughing, it helps to rub the chest with warming ointments or fat. To treat children older than 3 years you can use mustard plasters or compresses on the chest. Applying rubbing, mustard plasters or spreading the baby ointment, the heart area should be left open.
8. Vibration massage - in the treatment of bronchitis, vibrating massage has a pronounced curative effect. It helps to clear bronchi and alveoli from mucus, helps restore normal breathing and speeds up recovery. Such massage can be done by a child's massage therapist or the parents of a child, for this you need to gently and easily tap on the back of the baby, creating a vibration with your fingers or the edge of the palm. Massage should not cause pain, a massage session takes 2-3 minutes to 15 minutes.
9. If necessary, the child is prescribed antipyretics - children's panadol, paracetamol, ibuprofen or candles with these medicines.
10. With nasal congestion in young children it is advisable not to use vasoconstrictive drugs - it is necessary several times a day to wash the nasal passages and instill there Aquamaris, saline or breast milk. Nasal contents can be sucked off using suction or a small pear. Children older than a year with a common cold are prescribed Nazivin, Tanos, sanorin or other similar remedies. All these drugs should not be used more than 3 days in a row.
11. Antitussives are prescribed only in extreme cases, since they suppress the activity of the cough center in the brain, interfering with the purification of the bronchi and delaying the healing process. Preparations based on codeine, glaucine, and libexin are prescribed in the case of severe, painful coughing spells that prevent the baby from eating or sleeping normally and causing severe exhaustion of the patient.
12. Antibiotics - the appointment of antibiotics in ordinary simple bronchitis is not advisable - most often the source of infection are viruses, and not bacteria. Antibiotics are indicated in case of complication of bronchitis, the appearance of purulent sputum or general decrease in immunity. The drugs of choice in this case are ampicillin, amoxicillin or sumamed. Treatment with antibiotics should be done only as directed and under the supervision of a doctor. When prescribing antibiotics, one should not forget about the possible development of dysbacteriosis and must start taking such drugs as linex, hilkforte, bifidum bacterin and others.

ingalin.ru

Symptoms of obstructive bronchitis in children, treatment of the disease

Obstructive bronchitis often occurs in children. With this form of bronchitis inflammation develops in the mucous membrane, the walls of the bronchi narrow.

How the disease develops, how it develops, we will treat it in this article.

The causes of the occurrence

1. Infections. This is the most common cause of bronchitis. Rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza affects the upper and lower respiratory tract. Possible damage to the bronchial mycoplasma.
2. Second hand smoke, traffic fumes.
3. Allergy. If you do not start treatment in time, then this threatens to move into a more complex chronic form or asthma. And every year the number of allergens increases. To such irritants include food, medicines, animal hair, animal feed and many others. Often parents do not pay attention to a seasonal runny nose or rashes. As a result, processes arise which are then difficult to stop. And if the allergen later gets into the body, it causes bronchitis. Those children who are prone to allergies often get bronchitis due to mold fungi. Often they can be found in the bathroom, toilet, in any rooms with high humidity. Here you can read about the treatment of allergic bronchitis with folk remedies.

In the video - tells about obstructive bronchitis in children, its symptoms and treatment:

Symptoms

The most affected children 2-3 years. Usually at this age the child is ill for the first time. And the symptomatology of the disease is similar to ARVI.Symptoms:

1. Hearing breath with whistling, which can be heard while being nearby.
2. A strong cough that occurs with attacks and leads to vomiting.
3. Bloating or lifting of the chest during breathing.

If the cause of obstructive bronchitis was an allergic reaction, the body temperature would not rise. But at this time it is necessary to remember that the parents acquired the new for the child. Then you need to try to remove the irritating factor. Symptoms of bronchitis can appear even on the 4th day of a cold or flu. At this moment the child begins to breathe often, the respiration rate reaches 60 per minute. The cough that occurs as a result is especially bad at night. Even when coughing, it does not become easier. The baby's cage is as if swollen.

In the picture - obstructive bronchitis

If obstructive bronchitis does not appear after ARI, then such symptoms as weakness, nausea, will not appear. After visiting the doctor, he will send you to X-ray. There will be increased transparency, the pulmonary pattern will be strengthened. In the blood test, the number of lymphocytes will be increased.

In most cases, bronchitis occurs as a result of the influence of the virus or mycoplasmal infection.By the age of 4, a child's relapse often disappears. How to distinguish between obstructive bronchitis and asthma? The difference will be that when asthma begins a strong suffocating cough, the child suffocates. With bronchitis this does not happen, the symptoms develop slowly. But if several times a year there is an obstruction, then this must be paid attention. Hence, your child is at risk for developing asthma.

Older children with bronchitis can get a protracted form of the disease. And it can be accompanied by angina or cervical lymphadenitis.Children under 6 months of age who are overweight, who have skin allergy, who eat artificially, are at risk.But if this all happened, and the baby got bronchitis, you should immediately pay attention to the frequency of breathing, it should not exceed the number 30-40 times.

Read how to correctly put mustard seeds to a child when coughing.

Reviews on the use of turpentine ointment for cough in children: http://prolor.ru/g/lechenie/skipidarnaya-maz-ot-kashlya-dlya-detej.html.

Here you can get acquainted with the instructions for the use of Ambroxol cough syrup.

Medical treatment

There are a lot of ways to treat obstructive bronchitis, how to cure it.

1. Antibiotics and antiviral drugs. At the initial stages of the development of the disease, antiviral drugs like Genferon, Grippferon can be used. In the case of antibiotics, everything is more complicated. Such drugs can be prescribed only by a doctor. This therapy is not mandatory for the treatment of bronchitis. Antibiotics should be used only in the following cases: high body temperature lasts more than 3 days, sputum yellow or yellow-green color, changes in blood tests, intoxication, which is pronounced. Here you will find modern antibiotics for bronchitis.
2. Means for coughing. The main thing that you need to achieve in case of obstructive bronchitis is sputum discharge. This can help many cough remedies. The following medicines can be diluted by phlegm: Lazolvan, Ambrobene. How many days is the bronchitis treated with these medications? The course of treatment will be about 10 days. In the case when it was possible to achieve moistening of sputum, it is necessary to replace preparations with expectorants. This is Gedelix, Bronchicum, a syrup from a dry cough Dr. Mom. They need to drink about 5 more days. The drug Pulmicort - has an anti-inflammatory effect. Affects the amount of sputum - it decreases, swells and spasms are removed. For the drug to have its effect, it should be taken about a month. Usually, Pulmicort is prescribed together with other drugs. For example, to remove shortness of breath, Berodual helps. Small children may be prescribed inhalation with Pulmicort. The main thing is that a freshly prepared solution with this substance should be used no later than 30 minutes after cooking. Contraindications include use for children under 6 months. For children up to one year, it is possible to apply, but according to the doctor's prescription.
3. Homeopathic treatmentis appointed if there are certain symptoms. So with severe pain in the chest, Bryonia is prescribed, with the acute inflammation process - Belladonna, with difficult breathing - Antimonium Tartaricum. Parents should know that treatment with homeopathy for children is undesirable, since it is quite dangerous.
4. Massage.This remedy is effective in increasing sputum and respiratory rate. There are several types of massage that are prescribed for the treatment of obstructive bronchitis: classical and chest massage. Vibrating massage or classical massage is performed by stroking the child's back with palms. And the palms should be folded with a boat. To small children put under a stomach a pillow, a head incline downwards. Older children are asked to take a deep breath and a slow exhalation during the massage. It is on exhalation that they do tapping. Also often with massage use spiral stroking and rubbing. Effective methods of impact, which contributes to better sputum discharge. One massage session should take 15-20 minutes.

Folk methods

Many doctors say that you do not need to abuse folk remedies. However, they are, and they are used. Among all the recipes can be identified a few:

1. Take 2 potatoes, wash and clean them. Make them puree. Forming cakes, wrap them in a cloth and put between the shoulder blades. Warm up until the cakes have cooled down. Also read how to breathe on a potato with bronchitis.
2. Balm of herbs. It is necessary to dry the root of the primrose, take 1 tbsp. l. crushed plants and pour a glass of boiling water. Now put the mixture on a water bath, spend about 30 minutes heating. You must remember to stir the remedy. The broth is ready. After cooling it to room temperature, strain. To drink balm from herbs you need 2 tbsp. l. before meals. You need to do this 3 times a day.
3. Sugar and onions. It is necessary to take 0.5 kg of onions, cut, add 0.4 kg of sugar, 50 g of honey and mix. In this mixture you need to pour 1 liter of water and put on a plate. You need to cook on low heat for 3 hours. After cooling the mixture, strain it into the bottle. You need to drink a medicine for 1 tbsp. l. 6 times a day.
4. Decoction of herbs. 15 g of fennel, 25 g of licorice root, 40 g of althea root, 25 g of mother-and-stepmother, 0.5 l of boiling water should be poured. The remedy is ready. You need to drink it on ¼ of the glass.
5. Take in the same amount of butter, sugar, fat and mix. We put the mixture on the fire and boil for about 5 minutes. Now you need to add cocoa. Cocoa powder should be taken at a rate of 1 liter - 6 tbsp. l. Now you need to boil for another 7 minutes. Mixture take 1 tbsp. l. on empty stomach.

In the treatment of recurrent and allergic bronchitis in children, one must take into account the peculiarity of each child to the perception of a particular component. At an allergic bronchitis, first of all, it is necessary to eliminate allergen. This will greatly increase the speedy recovery. It is necessary to take antihistamines. But in the case of a relapsing form, you need to pick up the right medicines, lower the temperature. The complex also includes antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory drugs. The reference describes the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis in adults.

On the video - a history of obstructive bronchitis in children:

Effects

When the obstructive form of bronchitis is not treated, there is a possibility of its transition into more complex forms:

• bronchial asthma;
• respiratory insufficiency;
• heart failure;
• emphysema of the lungs;
• pneumosclerosis;
• "Pulmonary heart";
• lungs' cancer.

On the video - obstructive bronchitis without temperature in the child:

Prevention

As with any disease, it is easier to carry out preventive measures than to treat the consequences long and painfully.

1. First you need to improve the state of the environment. Of course, you need to save the child from passive smoking. This most directly affects the condition of the bronchi. The state of the atmosphere is also an important factor. Dustiness, toxic substances - all this surrounds a person in a large modern city. Therefore, people prone to obstruction of bronchitis, you need to move to the countryside.
2. Prevention of colds. When there comes a period of colds, very few people will stay and not get sick. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent such diseases. We need to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right and vaccinate.
3. Children need to periodically strengthen their immunity by giving them vitamins and by digesting the course of drugs. These drugs include Cycloferon, Immunomax. In general, anything that can strengthen your baby's immune system.

On video - massage with obstructive bronchitis in children:

Solving the problem by Komarovsky

The occurrence of obstructive bronchitis is associated with 90% of the viruses. But many experts are not sure about this, so they prescribe antibiotics quite actively. After all, often this form of bronchitis passes into pneumonia, and if the doctor does not prescribe an antibiotic, and suddenly complications begin, then it is the doctor who is supposedly to blame.The most important thing is to restore the passage of the bronchi.

On the video - treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children from the point of view of Dr. Komarovsky:

To adjust the passage, you just need to provide moist air in the patient's room, give plenty of drink and medications that reduce spasm of the bronchi. To such concerns Eufillin. If the disease is bacterial, then antibiotics will be salvage. The obstructive form of bronchitis responds well to treatment, but, unfortunately, in a stuffy room and without drinking, no drugs will help get rid of the disease. It is necessary at the time to take action, then the health of children and your health will be safe. Here it is described what to do if the cough after bronchitis does not pass in the child.

ProLor.ru

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