A person without consciousness: loss of consciousness, causes, first aid

The loss of consciousness of can occur in adults - men, women, children, girls, boys due to various reasons.

The unconscious person :

1. is helpless,
2. is immobilized,
3. self-preservation reflexes are inactive,
4. has zero reaction to what is happening in the surrounding world.

In an unconscious state, you can easily drown, burn, fall off a tall building or continue to rest motionless on railroad tracks without suspecting the arrival of a train, train, tram. Therefore, it is very important to learn first aid on time and correctly to the injured person , who is unconscious. After all, who knows, maybe we will someday need his urgent first aid.

Causes, signs of unconsciousness

The main signs of unconsciousness are:

1. rolled-up eyes,
2. lack of will, stillness, relaxedNost,
3. sometimes involuntary urination and defecation.

At loss of consciousness the adult person and the child does not contact with associates, speak nothing and do not hear, having come to, can be disoriented in space and time. What to do with children with loss of consciousness, read separately the publication: "The child loses consciousness: what to do and emergency help."

Causes of unconsciousness can be:

1. falling, bruised head;
2. acute or chronic hemorrhage;
3. low glucose level in the body( diabetes mellitus, insulin overdose);
4. thermal and sunstroke;
5. other reasons.

It also happens that some people faint specially, read the article "Fainting: how to fall on purpose, safely and quickly for real."

Loss of consciousness: first aid: general recommendations

In case of unconsciousness, the following pre-medical actions should be done:

1. put the patient so that his head is slightly below the trunk( the blood flow to the head increases)( except for this rule there may be only one circumstance - nasalbleeding or bleeding from a wound on the head);
2. unfasten the sick clothes, collar shirts;
3. give smell of ammonia or, in its absence, burnt feathers or cotton wool;
4. open the window, window leaf or door, you can turn on the fan to give the influx of fresh air;
5. do a massage of the auricles( according to observations of eastern medicine, this remedy often leads a person to feeling - stimulates trigger points).

Sometimes loss of consciousness is accompanied by a sharp blanching of the skin, to cyanosis. Especially it can be noticeable in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle and under the fingernails. Cyanosis( cyanosis) appears due to depletion of blood by oxygen due to the inhibition of the respiratory center and respiratory failure. Read further: Fainting: first aid in fainting.

Loss of consciousness: first aid - what should I do?

First aid .Short-term syncope, as a rule, does not require special therapy, first aid is provided, as shown above.

Syncope and arrhythmia .If the character of the arrhythmia with prolonged unconsciousness is unknown, resuscitation is performed, as in cardiac arrest, including indirect cardiac massage, and artificial ventilation of the lungs.

With tachyarrhythmia, electropulse therapy serves as the treatment choice method.

If it is not possible to perform a defibrillation, paroxysm of ventricular tachycardia, it is possible to stop killing the fist in the atrial region.

With bradyarrhythmia, intravenous injection of 0.75-1 ml of 0.1% solution of Atropine should be initiated and intravenous drip infusion of 1 ml of a 0.02% solution of Isprela in 100-200 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution.

The most persistent effect should be expected from electrical stimulation of the heart( external, transesophageal, transvenous endocardial.)

Later, antiarrhythmic therapy and, possibly, artificial pacemaker implantation should be performed

Loss of consciousness in children

The baby should be laid so that the legs are slightly higherhead, to release from the restraining clothes, to provide access to fresh air. To bring to life, you can sprinkle your face with water or bring to your nose for 20-30 seconds a cotton wool soaked by ourwith alcohol or vinegar, rub the whiskey

When the child comes to himself, it should be drunk with strong tea or coffee. With frequent fainting, the child should consult a doctor

Loss of consciousness in diabetes: hypo-and hyperglycemic coma

In case of an overdose of insulin or prolongedhunger in the blood in a patient with diabetes mellitus sharply decreases the sugar content. Since sugar is the main nutrient substrate of the brain, its deficiency causes an energy hunger of nerve cells and a sharp violation of their functionstions. The child pale, becomes covered with a cold sweat. His fingers begin to tremble, the temperature of the body decreases, a strong feeling of hunger. Finally, he loses consciousness, and his cramps begin.

First aid

If these symptoms appear, if the child is still conscious, he urgently needs to eat something sweet: a piece of sugar, a candy, a spoonful of jam.

If the child has already lost consciousness, it is urgent to call an ambulance.

Before her arrival, you can put the baby an enema with a solution of sugar( one tablespoon of sugar for a glass of water).

Parents should be careful when injecting insulin to their baby, especially if they start using a new drug.

Walking with a child who receives insulin injections should always have in his pocket a piece of candy or a piece of sugar.

Loss of consciousness during a sunstroke

Prolonged exposure to the sun on a hot day without a headdress can lead to overheating of the head and a disorder of cerebral circulation.

In doing so, he begins to experience:

1. weakness,
2. nausea,
3. dizziness,
4. tinnitus.

In severe cases, there may be convulsions and loss of consciousness.

First help

Transfer the child to the shade, free from shy clothes. Give him a semi-sitting position and try to bring him to consciousness by splashing water in his face or by sniffing a cotton wool with ammonia. Then wrap his head with a wet towel or attach a bubble with ice. It is good to wipe the body with a cloth moistened with water or alcohol. Give me a drink of cold water. You can put mustard plasters on your hands and feet. If the child's mind is not completely restored, call an ambulance.

Loss of consciousness during heat stroke

Occurs because of overheating, even if the child is in shadow or indoors, especially in high humidity conditions. Symptoms of heat stroke are similar to those of a sunstroke. In addition, the temperature can rise sharply. Sometimes there are delusions and hallucinations.

First aid

See help with a sunstroke. The child should be given a generous drink in the form of a glucose-brine solution( half a teaspoon of table salt and baking soda and 2 tablespoons of sugar per 1 liter of water) or fruit juices. In a hot climate for the prevention of muscle spasms, the child is given at least 0.5 g of table salt per 1 kg of body weight per day and abundant drinking. In the field, in the absence of water to reduce body temperature, you can do obkladyvanie crude soil.

1. For a long-term syncope , intramuscular injection of a solution of Caffeine sodium benzoate at a 10 percent concentration of 0.1 milliliter per year or Coriadamine is also 0.1 milliliter for the number of years of life of the child, it is possible to administer a solution of Mesaton in the same volume( 0.1ml / year), the maximum dose of the drug should not exceed 1 ml.

In case of significant hypotension and bradycardia with , the loss of consciousness can be effective at a solution of Atropine sulfate 0.1% dilution 0.1 ml for each year of life, the maximum volume of the drug is 1 ml), it is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

2. If the effect of treatment is not observed, hospitalization of a patient with a syncope in the intensive care unit or an intensive care unit is indicated.

1. If the help in the loss of consciousness was effective, the mind recovered - it is desirable to give a person hot tea, calm, rub the limbs, impose heaters.

If you can replace sugar with honey - do it.

Read more: Thermal and solar shock in a child, sunburn - what to do.

What to do if a person falls unconscious

Video from Saratov Region Ministry of Health

Loss of consciousness - a syncope: Doctor Komarovsky - Emergency care

It turns out that it is not difficult to help with loss of consciousness - and Dr. Komarovsky will tell you how. And besides that, he will explain what is syncope, what are its causes and mechanisms of development, and how the syncope differs from the critical state.

Source: YNGogov. Official and traditional medicine. The most detailed encyclopedia.- Moscow: Izd-vo Eksmo, 2012.