Viral pneumonia symptoms in adults

Viral pneumonia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Viral pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by viruses. It often occurs in children, in adults it has a mixed character - viral-bacterial. The virus adversely affects the immune system, because of this, a bacterial infection can join the virus. Dangerous such pneumonia is for young children, the elderly, and those who suffer from lung pathology. What to do in this situation? What are the symptoms of viral pneumonia? What treatment is effective?

Symptoms of viral pneumonia

Symptoms are similar to respiratory viral infection or influenza:

1. The body temperature rises.

2. The appearance of an unproductive cough.

3. There is pain in the chest area.

4. You may have a runny nose and a lot of it in your throat.

5. There is pain in the muscles.

6. Very severe headache, shortness of breath, a person is shivering.

7. At the person there is a vomiting, a nausea and a diarrhea, it speaks about the general intoxication in an organism.

After 3 days, the cough is moistened, sputum may leak with blood.

All signs of the disease develop depending on the period of the disease. For the first time the days of the disease it runs hard, while it breaks the body, there is a toxicosis, a severe headache, muscle pain, chills, eyes turn red. In the chest can occur pain, shortness of breath, which turns blue face and fingertips, cough at first dry, then it can be wet, sputum is secreted with blood. In the lungs wet rales are heard.

Causes of Viral Pneumonia

Due to the fact that viruses enter the lungs, this disease develops, it can be infected by airborne droplets when a person inhales it. Most often, the causative agent of viral pneumonia in children is adenovirus, respiratory syncytial, influenza virus or parainfluenza. Also measles virus can cause pneumonia, especially in children who are very weak. In adults, pneumonia occurs due to two influenza viruses - A and B, a varicella-zoster virus. Those who have problems with the immune system, due to the fact that they get cytomegalovirus or the herpes virus, develop a severe form of pneumonia.

Diagnosis of viral pneumonia

Most often, the diagnosis is made on the basis of an examination that indicates respiratory failure and impairment in the respiratory system. An X-ray is mandatory. It can detect darkening and a diffuse infiltrate.

A general blood test shows a moderate increase in white blood cells, maybe a decrease on the contrary. Always in this situation, increased ESR.
The diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of taking mucus in the throat, nasopharynx, nose, also when the antibody titers in the blood grow to certain types of viruses.

For the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, you need to pay attention to such factors:

1. Consider the epidemiological situation regarding influenza and other acute respiratory diseases.

2. Pay attention to the symptoms of the flu and other acute respiratory infections.

3. On the x-ray, changes in the lungs are visible.

4. The virus is found in the mucus of the nose, throat and nasopharynx.

5. The titers of antibodies in the blood grow up to 4 times.

Treatment of viral pneumonia

It is performed under steady-state conditions, antibiotics, oxygen inhalations, detoxification therapy are used for this. With viral pneumonia, antiviral drugs are not prescribed, only in severe and serious cases. If pneumonia occurs due to the herpes virus or chicken pox, acyclovir is prescribed. Viral pneumonia can be a complication of the flu, therefore it is best to vaccinate annually for prophylactic purposes.

Viral influenza pneumonia

The disease begins sharply, while rapidly increasing body temperature, there is a chill, there may be intoxication, thus there is a strong headache, lomit in the bones, there is pain in the muscles, there is no appetite, vomiting and nausea. There may be a paroxysmal cough, then mucous sputum appears with blood. Often there is bronchospasm.

X-ray of the lungs shows a lesion and an enhanced vascular pattern. When viral-bacterial pneumonia develops, the lungs can be affected.

A special form of pneumonia is hemorrhagic. It is very leaking and the symptoms of intoxication are sharply expressed. In this case, cough immediately with bloody sputum, then its amount increases dramatically. In this case, the body temperature rises, cyanosis, dyspnea occurs. In the following days, respiratory failure may develop, the lungs swell, it all ends with hypoxic coma and death.

Pneumonia caused by different viruses

1. Paragrippus.

2. Adenoviruses.

3. Respiratory syncytial virus.

Symptoms are similar to influenza pneumonia, but this form of pneumonia is much less fever, may be a tracheitis, a slow inflammatory process in the lungs.

With adenovirus pneumonia, there is catarrhal tracheobronchitis, a prolonged cough, hemoptysis, rhinopharyngitis, persistent fever, lymph nodes on the neck increase, and conjunctivitis may also occur. With adenovirus, pneumonia has a viral-bacterial character.

If pneumonia is caused by a respiratory syncytial virus, the body temperature can go up to 10 days, pain in the area chest, in the lungs, wet and dry wheezing may occur, viral pneumonia has symptoms of rhinopharyngitis.

What is the difference between viral pneumonia and the usual?

There is no purulent sputum, fever and intoxication. The disease can affect the alveoli with which gas exchange takes place, because of this there are disorders in the saturation of the blood, tissues lack oxygen.

So, viral pneumonia is a serious illness that needs to be treated immediately, because it can be quite dangerous. To protect yourself from it, you need not to forget for preventive measures, be sure to follow your lifestyle, eat rationally, walk as much as possible outdoors. In the event of an epidemic, avoid public places.

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Symptoms and treatment of viral pneumonia

Pneumonia viral (otherwise inflammation of the lungs) is a very dangerous and fairly common disease that is accompanied by an inflammatory lesion of the lower respiratory tract.From the very name of the disease it follows that the pathogens are viruses.Viral pneumonia can affect both adults and children. What is this disease, how is it diagnosed and treated? Let's try to answer these questions.

Pneumonia: concept and causes

Such categories of the population as children, pregnant women, the elderly, people infected with HIV (AIDS) or suffering diseases that cause a permanent weakening of immunity, are in a high-risk zone. This is due to the fact that the organisms of such people are less protected and, accordingly, are more susceptible to viruses. However, this does not mean that the rest of the population is not threatened. Pneumonia is a dangerous disease absolutely for everyone. Therefore, with persistent symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection or influenza, especially if the patient's condition worsens, you should always consult a doctor-therapist, and sometimes immediately go to the hospital or call an ambulance, because complications in the form of pneumonia can be very dangerous and pose a threat to life for a person.

In most cases, this disease occurs within 21-24 days (the so-called mild form). However, frequent and severe forms of the disease, which can lead to death.

There are various viruses that cause this disease:

• influenza A and B viruses;
• respiratory syncytial virus;
• parainfluenza virus;
• herpes virus (CMV);
• measles virus, etc.

As a result of infection in the lungs, inflammation begins. It blocks the flow of oxygen, which leads to symptoms of the disease and certain consequences.

The above viruses can be transmitted from one person to another, for example, during a patient's cough or sneezing, as well as by touching a surface that could be contaminated by a sick person. That is why it is so important to observe basic hygiene measures during epidemics or when your relatives or colleagues are ill. For example, elementary washing of hands, necessarily with soap, is officially recognized by science as one of the main ways to avoid infection.

Symptoms of ailment

For this dangerous disease, the following symptoms are common, which occur not only in adults, but also in children:

• fever;
• unproductive, long-lasting cough;
• myalgia;
• headache;
• general weakness, fatigue, lethargy.

Symptoms of this disease can develop gradually and not be very pronounced at the onset of the disease, but over time they increase. An appeal to a physician-therapist (and if necessary, to a pulmonologist-doctor) in the presence of the above symptoms is mandatory!

When the patient is examined, the doctor, after auscultation (listening to the patient), observes the following signs:

• dyspnea;
• tachycardia;
• wheezing;
• cyanosis (cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle);
• rash, etc.

Influenza and cytomegalovirus pneumonia

Influenza viruses can very often provoke the disease. The incubation period can range from a few hours (especially in young children) to 3 days. At first, not all symptoms of this disease can manifest simultaneously, but the following are characteristic: severe cough, sore throat, headaches, general weakness.

Symptoms usually increase with time, dyspnea, cyanosis appear.

In recent years, due to the high resistance of influenza viruses to Amantadine, with the ever-emerging new types of influenza, scientists have recommended combining it with Zanamivir and Oseltamivir.

Cytomegalovirus pneumonia appears usually in people with impaired and weakened immunity. The causative agent is the herpesvirus CMV. Many people come into contact with this virus without serious consequences, but only for patients with weakened immunity are inflammation of the alveoli, rhinitis, etc.

Particularly susceptible to this virus are patients suffering from the following diseases:

1. AIDS (HIV).
2. Bone marrow transplantation.
3. Chemotherapy, etc.

Antiviral treatment Ganciclovir and Foscarnet slows down and stops the replication of the virus, but does not destroy it to the fullest. Due to the fact that this virus (CMV) weakens the patient's immunity, the risk of developing other infections, for example, of viral-bacterial pneumonia, increases.

Treatment of the disease

Before the appointment of a doctor, the doctor sends the patient to the X-ray to confirm (or refute) the diagnosis.

Treatment of viral pneumonia is complex. It includes symptomatic therapy, fighting the virus, getting rid of the infection (antibacterial therapy), increasing immunity. Antiviral agents only act on the pathogen, that is, the virus. Antibiotics are used in the treatment of a mixed bacterial-viral infection.

Principles of treatment of this disease include bed rest, full nutrition (protein, vitamins from vegetables and fruits, lipids and carbohydrates). It is very important to drink plenty of warm water (it is water), as this improves the release of toxic substances from organism, which inevitably form when the cells of viruses and bacteria are destroyed, dilutes sputum.

In addition, simple air humidification (frequent airing) of the room is used, which is very important if the person is ill. This helps not only the patient himself, but also protects others from contamination, as in the dry air, the multiplication of viruses and bacteria occurs with increased speed.

In the first 2 days (48 hours) after the disease, experts recommend taking antiviral drugs, for example, Ingavirin, Tamiflu (if the pathogen is the influenza virus) or Acyclovir (if the virus is chicken pox, herpes). They are most effective in this period.

Symptomatic treatment involves the use of antipyretic drugs, for example, Nurofen, Paracetamol, but the best effect is provided by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen). Ibuprofen is recommended to use scientists (in accordance with the latest scientific research).

For the purpose of facilitating the separation of sputum, expectorants are used (eg, Broncholitin, ACC, Lazolvan, Ambroghexal, Bromhexin, Ambrobene, etc.). Also connect antibiotics.

In addition to etiotropic drugs, in severe cases, appoint corticosteroids, oxygen therapy (in a hospital), etc. The last remedy helps in case of a lack of oxygen in the blood and prevents cyanosis.

Prophylaxis of ailment

Pathogens of this disease spread by airborne droplets, that is, when the patient coughs or sneezes. Everyone should know these facts and, if possible, avoid sick people, do not forget to wash their hands often.

If a person does get sick, during treatment you need to rest and drink plenty of liquid (just plain water) to prevent the development of complications in the form of viral pneumonia.

There are various recommendations, which can help reduce the likelihood of developing this disease. Experts recommend taking vaccinations against measles and influenza.

So, one should try to avoid contact with the sick. Much attention should be paid to their own food, to eat more vegetables and fruits. According to the latest scientific data, every day every person should eat from 0.5 kg to 1 kg of any vegetables and fruits. It is very important to do sports, carry out hardening, etc.

Again, it is very important to observe the basic rules of personal hygiene. Therefore, during the cold season, you need to wash your hands more often, always with soap (without it there is simply no sense in such washing), especially after the street, before eating. You should try not to touch your face and eyes with dirty hands. If you still need to do this, be sure to wash your hands with soap afterwards. During epidemics after visiting public places or after contact with the diseased, you can wash your nose and mouth with saline solution (0.5 teaspoon of salt per 1 cup of warm boiled water).

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Signs of bacterial pneumonia in an adult

• Bacterial pneumonia
• Viral pneumonia

The disease of pneumonia or pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms.

This inflammation causes fluid to flow into the infected part of the lungs, affecting one or both of the lungs.

Inflow of blood to the infected part of the lung (or lungs) decreases, which means that the oxygen level in the blood can decrease.

This decline is likely to occur in the elderly or malnourished people. During illness, the body tries to maintain blood flow to vital organs and reduce blood flow to other parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes of pneumonia in adults:

1. Bacterial pneumonia: this type of pneumonia usually begins after a flu, cold, or upper respiratory tract infection. Decreased immunity allows bacteria to multiply in the lungs, causing disease. There are many different bacteria that can cause inflammation of the lung tissue. The most common pathogen is pneumococcus. Microorganisms can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes or touches objects with unwashed hands. Bacterial pneumonia can be a more serious disease than viral pneumonia.
2. Viral pneumonia. A variety of different viruses can cause viral pneumonia. Among them: influenza, chicken pox and respiratory syncytial virus. Viruses can be transmitted between people through coughing, sneezing or touching something that has been in contact with the liquid of the infected person.
3. Fungal pneumonia. It is most often caused by fungi from the environment.
4. Pneumonia of mycoplasma. Mycoplasma organisms invisible to the eye easily spread, especially in places of large concentrations of people (such as offices or schools). This type of pneumonia, as a rule, quickly passes.
5. Pneumocystis pneumonia. Caused by a yeast-like fungus, which is usually found in the lungs, without creating problems for the "master", but can grow and lead to pneumonia in people whose immune system is weak (for example, because of AIDS, organ transplant, cancer, or chemotherapy).
6. Aspiration pneumonia. Occurs when the contents of the oral cavity and the nasopharynx are inhaled into the respiratory tract.
7. Legionnaires' disease. It is caused by a bacterium legionella, which lives in water. Disease Legionnaires can spread through contaminated plumbing, shower or air conditioning.

Signs of pneumonia in an adult with bacterial pneumonia

Doctors often divide bacterial pneumonia into a typical and atypical, based on the signs and symptoms of the disease.

A typical pneumonia occurs very quickly.

• Typical pneumonia usually leads to severe fever and chills.
• At the patient at cough sputum of yellow or brown color is allocated.
• There can be a pain in the chest, which, as a rule, increases with deep breathing or coughing. The chest can hurt when it is touched or pressed. Chest pain can be a sign of other serious illnesses, so do not try to diagnose inflammation of your lungs yourself.
• A typical pneumonia can cause dyspnea, especially if a person has any chronic lung disease, such as asthma or emphysema.
• Elderly people may suffer from confusion or mental impairment during pneumonia or other infections.

Atypical pneumonia begins gradually.

• Sometimes another illness begins several days or weeks before pneumonia.
• Fever is usually weak, and chills are less likely than in the case of typical pneumonia.
• The patient can complain to the doctor about a headache, body aches, and joint pain.
• Cough can be dry or with it a small amount of sputum is released.v
• Chest pain is often absent.
• There may be abdominal pain.
• There is a feeling of fatigue or weakness.

Bacterial pneumonia, like the virus, is contagious.

When to seek medical help?

• If the patient has a fever and cough with yellow, green or brown sputum, he should visit a doctor.

When to call an ambulance for pneumonia?

• If the patient has shortness of breath. This sign of lung inflammation in an adult as a breathlessness is not just a feeling that a person can not take a full breath. Shortness of breath means that the patient can not dial into the lungs enough air to meet the needs of the body. This is a potentially serious symptom and he always requires a visit to the emergency room.
• If the temperature rises above 39 ° C or falls below 35 ° C.
• If the pulse is equal to or greater than 125 beats per minute at rest.
• If the respiratory rate is more than 30 breaths per minute at rest.
• If a systolic blood pressure drop below 90 mm Hg occurred, resulting in dizziness, blockage, or fainting.
• If there is pain in the chest or confusion.

Risk factors for the development of pneumonia:

• a chronic health problem, such as diabetes;
• smoking;
• alcoholism or drug addiction;
• cardiac ischemia;
• a weak immune system, for example, due to the use of steroids or the use of drugs to suppress immunity (people with transplanted organs take such drugs);
• sick or damaged lungs due to asthma or emphysema;
• very young or very old age (over 65 years);
• life in a nursing home;
• problems with vomiting reflex (frequent suffocation or difficulty swallowing);
• a surgery to remove the spleen.

Complications that may occur from pneumonia include:

• Bacteremia: the infection penetrates into the bloodstream and can spread to various organs.
• Pleurisy and empyema: with pleurisy occurs an inflammation of the membrane, which covers the lungs (pleura). The empyema occurs when the fluid in the lungs that causes inflammation becomes infected.
• Lung abscess: cavities (or one cavity) filled with pus may appear in the infected area of ​​the lungs.
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome: when the lungs are severely damaged due to pneumonia, respiratory arrest may occur.

The first signs of viral pneumonia in adults: how to recognize viral inflammation

Viral pneumonia usually occurs in young children and the elderly. This is because the body of a young or elderly person is harder to fight the virus than an adult human body with a strong immune system.

In healthy adults, pneumonia usually proceeds easily. In contrast, elderly people and those with weakened immunity often develop severe viral pneumonia. Patients aged 65 years and over are at risk of dying from viral pneumonia, as well as from influenza not complicated by pneumonia.

Viral pneumonia is most often caused by one of several viruses:

• Adenovirus.
• Flu.
• Paragrippus. Parainfluenza virus is the second most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchitis in children under 6 months of age.
• Respiratory syncytial virus. This is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and children, and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. The first is influenza viruses.

Swine influenza (H1N1) was associated with an outbreak of pneumonia in 2009. The first reports came from Mexico, where there was a very high mortality from this disease. Many cases were also recorded in the US Nevertheless, early detection and treatment helped to significantly reduce the death rate from viral pneumonia.

Serious viral pneumonia is most likely to occur in:

• Premature babies.
• Children with heart and lung diseases.
• People infected with HIV.
• People undergoing cancer chemotherapy, or taking drugs that weaken the immune system.
• People who underwent organ transplantation.

The first signs of pneumonia in adults with viral infection

Symptoms and signs of viral pneumonia often develop slowly and at first appear harmless, whereas in bacterial The pneumonia is developing very quickly and the patients are turning to the doctor for several days.

The most common signs are:

• Subfebrile temperature (less than 38.8 ° C).
• Cough with a little mucus.
• Fatigue.
• Muscle pain.
• Headache.
• Blue nails (due to lack of oxygen in the blood).
• Nausea and vomiting.

During a physical examination, the following signs of pneumonia can be observed in a patient:

• Tachypnea (rapid breathing).
• Tachycardia or bradycardia.
• The wheezing in the lungs.
• Dyspnea.
• Breast or intercostal retraction (internal muscle movements between the ribs).
• Decreased breathing sounds.
• Pleurisy.
• Cyanosis (blue skin).
• Rashes on the skin.
• Acute respiratory distress (a dangerous violation of pulmonary function, respiratory failure).

When to seek medical help?

You should see your doctor if any of the following symptoms appear:

• Persistent cough.
• Dyspnoea in motion, or at rest.
• Severe chest pain.
• Severe weakness.
• Coughing with blood.
• Vomiting is so strong or frequent that dehydration has occurred.
• Impossibility to eat and drink fluids.

How to recognize pneumonia in adults

Physical examination is necessary for the diagnosis of pneumonia. It can also help to determine how serious the disease is, and what can be its cause.

The doctor will listen to the heart, lungs and chest of the patient through a stethoscope.

It will also consider vital signs such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate.

Information collected during a physical examination can help a doctor determine if pneumonia is mild or severe.

• A chest X-ray may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of "pneumonia". Many people with mild pneumonia symptoms are prescribed effective treatment without radiography. Nevertheless, patients with moderate and severe pneumonia often receive a chest x-ray to determine the extent of the disease and identify complications of the disease, such as pus in the lungs.
• Laboratory tests are sometimes required to diagnose pneumonia. Laboratory tests can help a doctor find out what caused pneumonia and how the patient's body tolerates the disease.
• The most common laboratory tests include: measuring the number and type of white blood cells in the blood, and the use of a sputum sample to help identify possible pathogens of infection. People with difficulty breathing can undergo pulse oximetry (a test that allows you to assess the oxygen saturation and heart rate).

The patient should inform the doctor about any illnesses that he has, including a violation of the vomiting reflex, about the use of alcohol or intravenous drugs, smoking and the recent stay in the hospital. You also need to tell the doctor about a recent episode of a viral infection or flu-like symptoms.

What should I do with the first signs of pneumonia in adults?

• Do not smoke and do not allow others to smoke near the patient. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can lead to lung damage. Talk with your doctor before using electronic cigarettes and other drugs to help stop smoking.
• Have more rest.
• Use a household air humidifier. The patient is able to clear more sputum, if breathing with moist air.
• Drink fluids to help prevent dehydration when vomiting. In addition, the liquid helps to thinning the mucus, so it leaves the body more easily.
• Deep breathing and coughing. Deep breathing helps open the airways to the lungs. Cough helps to "drive out" mucus from the lungs. You need to take a deep breath and hold your breath for as long as you can. Then exhale the air and cough hard. Do 10 deep breaths in a row every hour from the moment you wake up.

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Symptoms of pneumonia in adults

Pneumonia is an infectious disease. It remains one of the most common in the world. It is the leader among nosocomial infections leading to death. It is important to know the symptoms of pneumonia in adults in order to take timely action. Treatment of pneumonia and the prognosis of the development of the disease depends on the nature of the infection, age and general condition of the patient.

What is pneumonia and how dangerous it is

Inflammation of the lungs in an acute form is called pneumonia. It is caused by infections that can be transmitted in various ways, affecting the lung tissue. In the list of diseases that caused death, she is in fifth place, and medicine does not always help. Lethal outcome among adults from pneumonia is 10-33%. Intrahospital and atypical form of the disease takes even more lives - the risk of dying increases to 50%. In elderly people, people with weakened immunity, the prognosis of pneumonia is often disappointing.

From usual pneumonia, 1-3% of young patients who do not have diseases that die, can die. Among elderly patients, the mortality rate is up to 40-50%. Causes of death from pneumonia:

• Concomitant diseases, such as cardiac pathologies, existing respiratory diseases (such as bronchitis), diabetes mellitus, problems in the genitourinary system;
• bad habits (smoking, especially lengthy experience, drug addiction, alcoholism);
• dysfunctional living conditions;
• weakened immunity.

A special risk of inflammation of the lungs is for pregnant women. The disease itself is heavy due to dangerous pathologies. For a woman who carries a child, she is doubly dangerous - for the future mother and fetus. In early terms, pneumonia is threatened by an embryo, the tissues and organs of which are not yet formed. In the last trimester for a child, pneumonia is less dangerous than for a mother. Prevention is simple: strengthening the immune system of the mother.

The first signs of pneumonia

Symptoms of pneumonia in adults depend on the type of infection that caused the disease. There are several types of pneumonia, and each has its own clinical picture. The provoking factor for the onset of pneumonia is hypothermia affecting the upper respiratory tract. In the elderly, it often goes into a pathological form. Symptoms of pneumonia in adults are several: they are divided into varieties of insidious disease. The common form of pneumonia is viral, occurs in half the cases. Other reasons:

• bacteria;
• mycoplasma;
• fungus;
• parasites;
• chlamydia;
• streptococcus.

Atypical

A disease that occurs without symptoms characteristic of pneumonia is called atypical. The latent inflammation of the lungs is dangerous because it is delayed for its treatment, when many complications appear. Pulmonary manifestations fade into the background, the patient is more concerned about general intoxication. The X-ray does not show changes in the airway. Signs of atypical inflammation:

• dry cough;
• sore throat;
• muscle pain;
• headache;
• weakness.

Aseptic atypical pneumonia is caused by Legionella, viruses, chlamydia, mycoplasmas, therefore, it is treated with antimicrobials. After infection, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in a period of 2 to 10 days. Changes in the lungs begin later than with a typical pneumonia. The temperature rises, the patient starts to suffocate, he does not have enough air. A large percentage of patients can be cured at home, but sometimes the ailment is difficult. The mortality from this type of disease is 3-5%, the cause is cardiopulmonary insufficiency.

Viral

This type of disease is caused by several viruses. In the first place - the flu. At the onset of pneumonia, triggered by the influenza virus, malaise is noticeable during 3-5 days. Then the condition worsens, shortness of breath starts, chest pains appear. Pneumonia is treated with rimantadine, zanamivir, oseltamivir. Viral pneumonia is caused by cytomegalovirus.

Serious complication of viral pneumonia is SARS, respiratory syndrome. It is caused by the viruses of Paramyxoviridae (they are also the cause of measles and mumps). The syndrome poses a great danger. Symptoms of pneumonia in adults with viral pneumonia are:

• very high temperature accompanied by chills;
• dry cough (unproductive);
• headache and muscle pain;
• fatigue without reason.

Bacterial

The cause of pneumonia in this case are bacteria: pneumococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus. Bacterial pneumonia begins with a sharp temperature jump to a mark of 41 degrees. It lasts up to 3 days, and this symptom is considered a clear sign of bacterial infection. If the temperature then falls, then rises - this is a viral picture. Pneumococcal pneumonia is accompanied by the escape of "rusty" sputum, cardiac contractions become more frequent (tachycardia), breathing becomes more difficult. Treat the disease with antibiotics.

Grybkovoy

The most dangerous variant of pulmonary inflammation is fungal infection. It is due to the fact that fungal pneumonia is not manifested at first, and people do not know that they are sick. The disease is diagnosed late. The onset of the process of inflammation of the lung tissue is like atypical pneumonia, but with the exacerbation of symptoms, the nature of lung damage changes, cavities are formed. A frequent causative agent of such pneumonia is Candida albicans, a fungus. Initially, the patient has catarrhal symptoms: fever, cough, fatigue and shortness of breath. Then, when pussy is pus, then the correct diagnosis is made.

The main symptoms of pneumonia in an adult

The cold, the flu, should not last more than 7 days, if in 4-7 days after the onset of an acute respiratory infection the condition of the patient worsened, this signal starts in the lower respiratory tract of a dangerous inflammation. Symptoms of pneumonia in adults include pallor and dyspnea. If they have a cold, they are accompanied by weakness, sweating, decreased appetite - this is typical for intoxication in the beginning of pneumonia.

Temperature with pneumonia

Attypical pneumonia, body temperature is not always greater than 37.5. In the usual cases, a sharp increase to 40 degrees is typical. With pneumonia, antipyretic drugs do not work. If you can not bring down the temperature - it's a sign of pneumonia. The temperature begins to drop when antibiotics work. It is dangerous if the disease runs without temperature: the patients sometimes do not take measures until the condition worsens. How much the temperature lasts depends on the pathogen: a fungus, a bacterium or a virus.

What a cough with pneumonia

At the beginning of the disease, a cough is dry, this is called unproductive. He becomes obtrusive, constant, exhausting. Inflammation develops - this symptom also changes. The sputum departs, the color of which depends on the nature of the infection: yellow-green, purulent, "rusty." Nasal cough, which does not pass for 7-10 days, is a clear sign of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

Voice tremor

The doctor can recognize the symptoms of the disease, assessing the patient's jittery response. The patient says words where there are several "p" sounds, and the doctor puts his hands on his chest, and determines the voice trembling. With pneumonia, part of the lung, or it is whole, becomes denser. This will be noticed by the medical doctor who conducts the diagnostics, by the fact that the voice tremor is amplified.

Diagnosis of the disease

If there is a suspicion of an inflammatory process in the lungs, a comprehensive diagnosis is performed. Sometimes already at the primary admission the doctor can determine the disease by conducting an auscultation, that is, having listened to the chest with a phonendoscope. But the main method of diagnosis in an adult is an X-ray. Necessarily the patient will take blood for general and biochemical analysis. If the patient is in the hospital, examine the culture of sputum, urine, check blood for antibodies to viruses.

Types of pneumonia

The mild forms of pneumonia, found in the initial stage, are treated at home. Remember that even mild pneumonia will complicate with improper care. It is necessary to adhere to the doctor's recommendations how to treat pneumonia in the home:

• antipyretic drugs, anti-inflammatory;
• an abundant drink is prescribed;
• an important component of the treatment is a diet: the body is poisoned by toxins, light foods, more fluids are required.

How to treat pneumonia, how long the process will last depends on the severity and variety of the disease. Infection is sometimes found in the lung tissue for years, leading to a chronic illness. Fibers and connective tissues are damaged, they press on the pulmonary vesicles, which leads to hardening of the lungs, pneumosclerosis. The patient feels discomfort, constantly coughs. It is a slow, prolonged illness, which gradually leads to complications.

Conventional pneumonia is divided into mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe in severity, it depends on how the disease proceeds. Severe acute forms include pleuropneumonia, when one or more of the lungs are inflamed. There is pneumonia in the localization:

• Focal (concentrated in the focus of inflammation);
• segmental or polysegmentary, depending on whether one or more segments are located;
• share - does not exceed one share;
• total - covers all the lungs.

One-sided and two-sided

The inflammatory process is concentrated either on one side or it is bilateral. Unilateral pneumonia is divided into two types:

1. Right-sided - occurs more often, the right bronchus is wider than the left and shorter than it, the infection penetrates there freer.
2. Left-sided - develops less often, with it there are stagnant processes in the lung.

Two-sided covers both lungs: all lung tissue becomes inflamed, and the disease is provoked by bacteria (pneumococcus, hemophilic rod). Against the background of one infection, other harmful microorganisms are multiplied, mixed-infection develops. In the fight against a person enter several pathogens, to select antibacterial drugs for treatment is difficult.

Basal

The focus of inflammation, located along the root of the lung, is difficult to diagnose. Such cases are called basal pneumonia. In the diagnosis of computed tomography. The doctor should exclude tuberculosis and lung cancer, the focus of inflammation is similar to a picture on a tumor. Tuberculin tests are carried out. If you mistakenly prescribe drugs against tuberculosis, but they do not give an effect - this is considered a diagnostic sign.

Bronchopneumonia

Bronchial pneumonia characterizes the lesion of small branches of the bronchial tree of the patient. Bronchopneumonia refers to focal. The process of recovery will take a long time. Sometimes the disease is secondary, develops against the background of bronchitis. A person tries to cure bronchitis, that is prolonged, the condition worsens, weakness appears, temperature jumps. The cough that accompanies bronchitis intensifies, unpleasant purulent sputum is separated, at times - with veins of blood.

Important symptoms of this disease: shortness of breath, increased heart rate to 110 strokes for a minute, chest pain. To the development of bronchopneumonia leads not only bronchitis, but also ARVI. Often this type of pneumonia and viruses cause this kind of pneumonia, in order to treat the disease correctly, establish a pathogen, prescribe antiviral drugs or antibacterial. How much the disease is treated depends on the type of pathogen.

Hospital

In addition to community-acquired pneumonia, which develops under normal conditions, there is a serious form of illness - hospital, it is also hospital-acquired. The diagnosis is made when the inflammation appears after two days and more after placing a person in a hospital clinic with a completely different diagnosis. This is the most ruthless species, killing 50% of patients. The disease is caused by microorganisms. Types of nosocomial pneumonia:

• associated with artificial ventilation;
• postoperative;
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized in serious condition.

Immunity of patients is weakened, the body struggled with another disease, was not ready to invade new microbes. To save the situation, patients are placed with droppers, use intravenous nutrition to maintain the vital forces of the body, use drugs of a new generation, potent drugs. Cure nosocomial pneumonia can not always. Treatment of pneumonia in this case is excluded.

The equity

Fracture pneumonia affects the lobe of the lung and the pleura. With this type of pneumonia, it is important to schedule injections of antibiotics, the duration of which is determined by the doctor. Applied physiotherapy, detoxification. Partial pneumonia begins suddenly and sharply. There are three forms of the disease:

• Upper-lobar - it is difficult, with neurological disorders;
• lower-lobed - gives a pseudo-picture of the "acute abdomen", which confuses during diagnosis, chills and "rusty" sputum are characteristic;
• central - inflammation develops deep in the lung, symptomatology is poorly defined, difficult to define.

Croupous

Croupous pneumonia proceeds acutely. The nature of the defeat of the lungs is bilateral. If the pathology is not recognized and the treatment is not started quickly, the patient will die from cerebral hypoxia and cardiovascular insufficiency. The first day the patient has a dry cough. The next day, sputum is rusty, vomiting occurs. On the third day, it becomes worse, dyspnea appears, tachycardia develops. The patient is not able to climb to one floor. Treat croupous pneumonia in pulmonology, in a hospital or resuscitation. Pulmonary lobes of the patient are totally affected on both sides.

Video: types and symptoms of pneumonia

Pneumonia is a dangerous disease, it is important to determine it in the early stages, when the treatment is effective even with folk remedies at home. In the video offered below, experts will tell in detail about the symptoms of pneumonia, teach what to look for if pneumonia occurs without the typical symptoms. Timely detection will avoid irreversible consequences.

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